5) Giao thc phn phi nhn LDP:

- Giao thc LDP l giao thc trao i thng tin nhn gia
cc LSR, y l giao thc chnh v c s dng nhiu
nht. Tuy nhin mt s giao thc khc nh BGP (Border
Gateway Protocal) hay RSVP (Resource Reservation
Protocal) vn c th thc hin trao i thng tin nhn.
- Nhng c tnh c bn ca giao thc LDP:
o Cung cp cc k thut gip cho cc LSR c kt ni
trc tip nhn ra nhau v thit lp lin kt c ch
khm ph (discovery machanism).
o C 4 loi bn tin:
Bn tin Discovery.
Bn tin Adjency: c nhim v khi to, duy tr
v kt thc nhng phin kt ni gia cc LSR.
Bn tin Label advertisement: thc hin thng
bo, a ra yu cu, hy b v gii phng
thng tin nhn.
Bn tin Notification: c s dng thng
bo li.
o Thit lp kt ni TCP trao i cc bn tin (ngoi
tr bn tin Discovery).
o Cc bn tin l tp hp nhng thnh phn c cu
trc <type,length,value>.
a) Khm ph lng ging LSR:
- Giao thc ny hot ng trn kt ni UDP v c th
c xem l giai on nhn bit nhau ca hai LSR trc
khi gia chng thit lp kt ni TCP. Mt LSR s qung
b bn tin Hello ti tt c LSR kt ni trc tip vi n
trn mt cng UDP mc nh theo mt chu k nht nh.
Tt c cc LSR u lng nghe bn tin Hello ny trn
cng UDP. Nh LSR bit c a ch tt c cc LSR
kt ni trc tip vi n. Sau khi bit c a ch ca
mt LSR no , mt kt ni TCP s c thit lp gia
hai LSR ny. Ngay c khi khng kt ni trc tip vi
nhau th LSR vn c th gi nh k bn tin Hello n
cng UDP mc nh ca mt a ch IP xc nh. LSR
nhn c cng c th gi li bn tin Hello cho LSR gi
thip lp TCP.

b) Cc bn tin LDP:
- Nh cp trn c bn loi bn tin c bn v cc
bn tin c s dng thng dng nht l:
o Initilization.
o Keepalive.
o Label mapping.
o Label withdraw.
o Label release.
o Label request abort.

Hnh 1: bn tin Label Request v Label Mapping

Hnh 2: qu trnh xy dng mt LSP

Bn tin Initialization:
Khi bt u thit lp kt ni LDP, hai LSR s tha thun cc
thng s v la chn cho kt ni ny thng qua bn tin khi to
initialization message. Cc thng s bao gm: phng thc

cp pht nhn, phm vi gi tr nhn c s dng cho kt ni

ca hai LSR ny,gi tr timer. C hai LSR u c th gi i bn
tin khi to v LSR nhn s phc p li bng bn tin Keepalive
nu nh chp nhn nhng thng s . Nu khng chp nhn,
LSR s gi mt thng bo li v kt thc qu trnh khi to.
Bn tin Keepalive:
Ngoi chc nng nh ni trn, bn tin ny c gi tun t
theo chu k trong khong thi gian khng c cc bn tin no
khc c gi i. Bn tin ny gip cho LSR nhn bit LSR gi
vn ang hot ng bnh thng. Nu khng nhn c bn tin
ny hay bt c mt bn tin no khc trong mt khong thi
gian c n nh trc th kt ni LDP gia hai LSR s b ct.
Bn tin Label mapping:
LSR s dng truyn cc thng tin nh x t mt FEC sang
mt nhn.
Bn tin Label request:
Chng ta bit rng c hai hnh thc n nh nhn unsolicited
downstream v downstream_on_deman. Vi cch thc sau, mt
LSR s yu cu mt nt mng tip theo s nhn d liu thuc
mt FEC no n nh nhn cho FEC bng cch gi n LSR
ny bn tin Label request. Nu nh bn tin ny b hy b, bi v
nt mng nhn d liu thuc FEC thay i, LSR s tip tc gi
yu cu ny bng bn tin Label Request Abort.
Bn tin Label withdraw:
Bn tin ny dng hy b cc thng tin nh x gi i. L
do ca vic hy b gi tr nhn bao gm c vic xa b mt a
ch ra khi bng nh tuyn do s thay i trong thng tin nh
tuyn hoc do cu hnh ca LSR.
Bn tin Label release:
Sau khi nhn c bn tin Label Mapping v nu khng s dng
thng tin ny, LSR s gi i bn tin Label Release.