gfd — M æe]n efO{Æ

k'/fgfd — M wg]Zj/ lh=;L=

afh]sf] gfd — M /g axfb'/ lh=;L=
af]h'sf] gfd — M rGb|fsnf lh=;L=
afa'sf] gfd — M ;Dd/ axfb'/ lh=;L=
cfdfsf] gfd — M x/Lsnf lh=;L=
>LdtLsf] gfd — M ;f]g' lh=;L=
efO{x? — M s[i0ff a=lh=;L=/ uf]laGb lh=;L=
lbbL — M ;'o{ s'= lh=;L=
a}lgx? — M rGb|f snf lh=;L=/ la:g' lh=;L=
km'k' — M la:g' snf lh=;L=
dfdfx? — Ms[i0f lh=;L=,xs{ a= lh=;L=,6]s a=lh=;L=
hGd :yfg — M /]zf lh/bL afUn'¨
7]ufgf — M e/tk'/ — !, l7d'/f lrtjg
cWofog — M ;fwf/0f
?rL — M ;flxTo / ;dfh ;]jf
k|sfzs M ;GWofu|'k ld:gfb -d'=;f}uft_
s[lt — M klxnf] - bf]wf/ _
;+:s/0f M klxnf] -@)^%—a}zfs_
;j{lwsf/ — M n]vsdf
;+Vof — M %)).—
laz]if ;xof]uL M 5la/d0f ltldlN;gf
;]lnª s;L
;Dks{ M )(&$—^*#^!)#
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d]n M dhanu_gc2005@yahoo.com æe]nÆ
;DnUgtf — M d'UnfgL ;f}uft ;f=k=sf] Aofj:yfks,;GWofu|'k lgat{dfg cWoIf
tyf ;+:yfks, NRNA kfz{b ;b:o, lrtjg /fdgu/l7d'/f ;]jf ;ldlt cWoIf, bf]xf
bk{0f k|ltlgwL, /fhwfgL ;fKtflxs / sflGtk'/ ;fKtflxs cnvf]/ ;xof]uL
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

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xfdL k|jf;L 3/af/ aGwsL

/fvL ;fx'af6 C0f lnO{ ;'gf}nf]
elaio / dgel/ syf Aoyf kL8f,
;kgf / sNkgf af]sL cfh xfdL
lktf ;Dd/ axfb'/ lh=;L=, dftf xl/snf lh=;L=
;ft ;d'Gb|kf/L cfPsf 5f}+.efUosf]
n]vf egf} jf sd{sf] v]n slt
;fyLx?nfO{ /fd|f] 5 t slt
;fyLx?n] s7f]/ eGbf s7f]/ sfd
ug'{k/]sf] 5 slt ;fyLx? eg]sf]
sfd / tnj gkfP/ ef}tfl//x]sf
5g\. of] ;adf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] g}
sdhf]8L b]lvG5 . To;}n] d eG5'
;+ufnf] dgsf] cf gf] kl/jf/ gla;f{},cf gf]
dft[e"ld gla;f}{, hGde"ld ufFp3/
gla;f}{, oxfF kmh'n vr{ /
n]vs M wg]Zj/ lh=;L= “e]n” df]hd:tL gu/f}, xfdL ;a} g]kfnL
hGd :yfg M /]zf afUn'· bfh' efO, lbbL alxgL hf] sf]xL klg
7]ufgf M e/tk'/-! l7d'/f, lrtjg cf gf] b]z uO{ ;/;fdfg lsgf}+.
;jf{lwsf/ M n]vsdf b]zsf] cfo>f]t a9\g' eg]sf] xfd|f]
;fAof — M %)) cfo>f]t a9\g' xf]. oxfF cgfj;]s
;+:s/0f M klxnf] -@)^%—a}zfv_ vr{ g u/f}+. ;/;fdfg lsGbf
k|sfzs M ;GWofu|'k -d'=;f}uft_ cf g} b]zdf lsgf+}. xfdLn] kl;gf
d'No M s=l/= % aufP/ sdfPsf] k};f lab]zdf g}
;dk{0f M ;f]g' vr{ ul//x]sf 5f}+ . 3/ hfg] vr{
laz]if ;xof]u M 5la/d0f gePkl5 xfdLn] km]l/ yk ;do
ltldlN;gf lnP/ oxL a:g' kg]{ x'G5 .
;]lnª s;L To;sf/0fn] ubf{ lagfsf/0f lagf
;Dks{ M )(&$—^*#^!)# vr{ gu/f}+,b]zsf] pGglt clg
)(&&—(*$%!#*#*& lasfzdf cfˆgf] klg s]xL c+z
)(&&—%^^()^^@ k5{ egg] s'/f ;a}n] a'hf}+, /fi6«sf]
d]n M dhanu_gc2005@yahoo.com hu]gf{ u/f}+, dfof u/f}+ ……..

2 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

d]/f] eGg'
;flxTo Tof] lrhxf] h'g lk8f clg s:6df hlGdg5 .
;flxTo Tof] j:t'xf] h:n] ;dfhsf] cWof/f] sf] gf; u5{ .

l:jsfg'{xf];\ of] wg]Zj/ lh=;L= “e]n efO{” sf] clejfbg d

;flxTosf/,slj clg n]vs s]xL klg xf]O{g dnfO{ “e]n efO{” eg] k'U5 .
;j} dflg;x?sf] ;f]rljrf/ / sfd ug]{ tl/sf Pp6} eP,/ftlbg Pp6}
eP, clg hf8f]—udL{ klg Pp6} eP, of] ;+;f/n] s:tf] ?k lng] lyof] xf]nf
===< of] ;j}sf] ;f]rsf] ljifo xf] . ufp‘sf ;fyLefO{ ;/x, b]zsf o"jf clg ;j}
g]kfnL ;/x w]/} wg sdfO{ :jl0f{d eljiosf] vf]h / cfºgf kl/jf/nfO{ ;'v—
zflGt / P]; cf/fddf /fVg] ;kgf af]sL % jif{ cuf8L /f]huf/sf]
lznlznfdf stf/ lelqPsf] Ps o'jf g} cfh w]/} ;+3if{,ldlxg]t / Tofu
kZrft wg]Zj/ jf “e]n efO{” eg]/ lrlgg] k|of; ul//x]5 . ;+;f/df
dflg;n] rfx] c;Dej eGg] s]xL klg 5}g, eGg] sygnfO{ bf]wf/n] k5fg{
vf]h]sf] lttf] oyfytf{ d cfkm}nfO{ ;To nfUb}g. d n]vgdf slTt klg ;do
glbg] ujf‘/ ;fyLefO{sf] xf};nf clg cfkm'n] ef]u]sf / b]v]sf si6,
lk8f,cGofo / cTofrf/n] l;df gfu]kl5,lhD]bf/ Aofltmx? jf b]z clg
;dfhsf cu'jf‘x?sf] cf‘vf km'6]kl5,sfg a'lemPkl5 d]/f lo ca'em xftx?
klg snd p7fpg afWo ePsf x'g\ . dflg;jf6 ulNtx'G5 / ulNt l:jsfo{
ug'{ / If]df lbg' klg dxfgtf xf] eGg] a'lem d]/f /rgfx?n] ltg}
ca'em,nfrf/L,e|i6rf/L,3'ifvf]/L,:jfyL{ / cx+ Aoltmx?sf] nfuL em6f/f] xfGg]
k|of; dfq ul//x]5g\ . xf]nf slt ck'/f zAbx? klg 5g . slt n]vg clg
af]nLsf] efz / e'ldsf klg gk'u]sf] x'g ;S5 . /Rg] s|ddf s;}sf] /rgf
clg hLjg ;+uklg d]n vfg ;S5 . t/ lo ;j} /rgfx? d}n] g} /r]sf /
sf]/]sf x'g . d]/f] n]vgdf s'g} ljwf gePsf] x'bf d}n] of] ;+ufnf] sf] gfd g}
bf]wf/ /fVg afWo ePsf] x'' . cfzf 5 tkfO{x? ;asf] dfof,;'emfj,;Nnfx /
;fy kfPdf d]/f] e]6 km]l/ km]l/ klg x'g]5 . bf];|f] efu klg tkfO{x? dfem
kl:sg] cys k|of; ug]{5' / d}n] klg b]z,;dfh / Aoltmsf] ;'wf/df
tkfOx? ;+u xftdf xft / sf‘w df sfb ldnfp‘g kfpg]5', eGg] d]/f]
dfGotf xf] .

wg]Zj/ lh=;L=“e]n efO{”

3 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

z'esfdgf
g]kfnL sd{7 xftx?n] vf8L d'n'sdf cfO{ cfkm\gf] zLk
ljlgdo ug]{ ;+:sf/ut k/Dk/f alg;s]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf]
l;h{gzLntfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb} k':ts k|sfzg ug]{ qmd
gf}nf] dfq g/x]/ d'n"sleqsf ;|i6fx?sf xf/fxf/Ldf Ps
r'gf}tLk"0f{ k|lt:kwf{sf] cj:yfdf pEofpg' cj s'g} gf}nf]
g/x]sf] 5 . o;}u/L vf8Ljf;L ;h{ssf l;h{gzLntfsf] csf]{
af}l4s k|;jtfaf6 hlGdg k'u]sf] …bf]wf/Ú gfds k':ts
k|sfzgn] ljljw af}l4s v'/fs k|bfg ug]{5 eGg] cfzf /fVb}
cfufdLsfnsf n]vg k|ljlw cem lgvfl/P/ kf7sx?nfO{
ljz]if v'/fs k|bfg ug{ ;kmn /xf];\ eGg] sfdgfsf] ;fy
n]vs efO{ wg]Zj/ lh=;L= sf] pQ/f]Q/ k|ultsf] sfdgf ub}{
;kmntfsf] l;+9L r9\g of] k|sfzg ;xfo agf];\ eGg] sfdgf
ub{5' .
;fu/ g]kfn
;lrj
u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;+3
cGt/fli6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt

4 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

xflb{s z'e sfdgf

;]lnª s]= ;L=

e/tk'/-!, l7d'/fsf wg]Zj/ lh=;L= laut ;ft aif{ b]lv a}b]lzs
/f]huf/sf] lglDt bf]xf stf/df /xb}+ cfPsf5g\ . ;dosf] Ao:ttfsf] afah't
klg axfF laleGg ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfdf ;+nUgtf eO{ cfˆgf] kf}/v ;flxTosf]
dfWodaf6 la;+ult la?4 ;fdflhs k[i7e"dLdf vlr{/x]sf5g\ .
xl7 / hfFul/nf] jxfFsf] :jefjaf6 d laut # aif{b]lv ;ldk / kl/lrt
x'b} cfO{P/x]sf] 5' . ;flxTo n]vgdf jxfFsf] snd bf]xf stf/df “e]n” gfdaf6
;'ef/De ePsf] d}n] kfPsf] 5' . hLjg / hutnfO{ ;flxTosf] dfWodaf6 dfyL
p7fpgsf] lglDt ;fgf] s;/t 5}g jxfFsf] . ;dfhdf 36\g] u/]sf lj;+utL
s';+:sf/ cfˆgf lgjaf6 x'ax'—lrq0f ul/ ;as l;sfpg] jxfFsf] r]i6fnfO{ d}n]
l;/f]wfo{ ug}{k5{ . hLjgsf] afFRg] tl/sfdf dfgj r]tgf ;fwf/0f ?kdf slxNo}
k|ys x'g ;Sb}g . t/ ToxL y'k|} r}tGosf] 8ªu'/af6 cnu x'g hfG5 ljrf/,
efjgf, sd{ clg d6fpg ;S5 p;sf] k|ult klg dfG5]x? ul/a b'O{ sf/0fn]
x'g] u5{g, Ps clN5kgf csf]{ ;+ls0f{ r]tgf , r]tgfn] c;n sfdsf] ;Gb's
p3f{5 eg] hfu/n] ;[hgf pdf{5, clg dfG5] wlg x'G5 dgsf] / wgsf] klg
o:tf AolSQmx? ahf/df w]/} slDt dfq hGdG5g / cd/ afFRb5g, logLx?
cfˆgf] nfuL slxNo} afFRg dg k/fpb}gg\ . afFrL /x]klg lrGtu|:t lhp5g
afFRg';+u k/Gt' o:tf AoflSQmx?nfO{ slxNo} bl/b|tfsf] 3]/f leq afFWg ldNb}g .
;dfh ;d'bfo k|lt / l;Îf] /fi6|k|lt ;r]t eP/ snd rnfpg k|of;df h'6]sf
“e]n” sf z}lr/fx? d}n] k|z:t} b]v]sf] 5' bf]xfaf6 k|sfzg x'g] sfuhx?df
n]v\bLdf ;w} d;L ag]/ s';+:sf/, j]lylt, lj;+ult ju]sf 5g “e]n” ag]/
jxfFsf] dlyÎn s'g} a]nf zfGt b]Vg} kfPsf] 5}g d}n] s'g} j]nf AoUo eP/
d'vd'v} nfu]sf 5 t s'g} a]nf syf sljtf eP/ lje]b dWokfg, w'd|kfg ,kmh'n
vr{ ug]{x?;+u v'a l/;fPsf 5g . s'g} j]nf c;'Gtlnt of}jg sfdls|8fx?df
cZjefljQf k|s6 ub}{ x|f; kf]v]sf 5g . syfdf l;w} ;dfhsf] lrq0f u5{g .
k|]d, s?0ff, s|Gbg, lrRofx6, ul/aL ;fdflhs a:t'l:ylt k|lt klg lgs} ;hs
dfGg' k5{ e]nnfO{ bf]wf/ jxfsf] ;d\;fd'lxs ;+u|xdf ;j} ljwfx?nfO{ ;d]6\b}
lautdf ljleGg kqklqsfx?df k|sfzLt v'/fsx? oxfF kl:sPsf] 5g . d]/f]

5 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

;flxlTos cfGbf]ngdf ;fob} o:tf x:tL d}n] kfPsf] x'Fnf efif0f / af]nLn] eGbf
xft / lbdfun] sfd u/]/ ;d:of kmQ] ug'{ k5{ eGg] dfGotf dfq xf]O{g jxfF
cfly{s, g}lts, / ef}lts lx;fan] g} of] laifodf cuf8L 5g ;hu klg . bf]xf
stf/df dnfO{ af6f] dfq b]vfPgg\ e]nn] ;fFRrLdf b'O{ v'§f 6]s]/ lx8\g]
agfPsf 5g . dnfO{ of] dfg]df d cfhLjg l/l0f g} /lx/xg] 5' . ;Kk}df eGg'
kbf{ jxfF d]/f] n7\7L x'g dfu{sf] lh= ;L “e]n” ;flxTo ofqfdf slxn] nfu]sf
x'g d ;+u olsg tYo 5}g, owlk ljut ltg aif{ b]lv /fhwfgL ;fKtflxs
nufotsf bf]xfaf6 k|sflzt ljleGg k]k/x?df jxfFsf] gfd e]6\g ;lsGYof]
oltdfq xf]O{g d'UnfgL ;f}uft ;f= k= sf] :yfkgf sfnb]lv Aoj:yfkg kIfdf
sfd ub}{ cfpg' ePsf] JoflQmTj x'g pgL clxn] “d'UnfgL ;f}uft” n] a's n]6
DofUhLgsf] ?kdf bf]xf stf/sf] ;flxlTos dfxf}ndf ;flxTosf] k|ltlglwTj
u/]sf] dfq 5}g cfˆgf] k|sfzgnfO{ lta| agfpb} ;flxTodf nfUg' x'g] . gjk|ltef
/ k'/fgf] >i7fx?nfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ bf]xf stf/nfO{ ;flxTodo agfpg] v]ndf
dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf lgj{fx u/]sf] 5 “d'UnfgL ;f}uft “n] o;sf] s]xL >]o wg]Zj/
lh= ;L= “e]n’ g} x'g eGg lxlRsrfpg x'Gg . oxL /Ktf/sf] ;dodf nfKkf
n8\bf n8\b} sxfFaf6 xf] s'GgL dg leq lstfa eP/ “bf]wf/’ ue{jtL eP5 .
;]lnÎ hL k':ts x]/]/ k|lts[of ;lxt z'esfdgf n]lvlbg' eGb} xftdf kf08'lnkL
ydfO{ lbg' eof] .d t a8f] cndndf k/] . ljb]zdf csf{sf] v6gdf sfd ug'{
kg]{ laaZtf Psflt/ 5b} 5 . To:tf] ;doefjsf] jfjh'b klg k':ts lgsfNg]
hf]; b]v]/ d]/f] dfgljo ;Dj]bgf xif{ljef]/ dfq ePg d}n] ghfg]/ klg jxfF k|lt
>4f / ldqefj k|s6 ug}{ kg]{ cf}krfl/Stf d cuf8L plePsf] lyof] . jxfF
k|ltsf] of] d]/f] ;fgf] ldqjt zAbn] ;fFlRrs} cfktf]Tj hLjg e/ b;f{O{ /xf];
7fGb5' . oxL eGb} b]v]sf] s'/f eGg] wd{ 5f8\g ;lsg . n]vg z}nLdf y'k|}
efiffut / z}nLut lzNknfO{ cem dHa'b jgfpb} /rgfn] ;dfhnfO{ t'?Gt} s]xL
lbg ;Sg] sYox? n]lvg ;Sg' cfkm}df c;n xf] / slxn] sfxL xtf/df lg0f{o
ul/ xfNg] x7L :jefjnfO{ l:jsf/ agfpb} cfkm'nfO{ ;'wf/]sf] v08df cem
hLjgdf ;'gdf ;'uGw ylkg] cfzf /fVb5' . cGTodf cfpbf lbgx?df
ljrf/d"ns / uxlsnf] z}rL/fx? k':tsx? k9g kfpg ;lsof]; pQf]/Q/
k|ultsf] xflb{s z'e sfdgf AofSt ub{5' .

dxf;lra M hghftL dxf;+3

;b:o Mg]kfn stf/ kqsf/ ;+3
bf]xf stf/

6 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

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elgG5 …csj/L ;'gnfO{ s;L nufpg' kb}{g .Ú To;/L g} …e]nefO{Ú

gfdn] l;h{gfsd{df ;s[o wg]Zj/ lh;L sfjf/]df w]/} rrf{ ul//xg'kb}{g .
stf/l:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfodfem pgL Ps ;'kl/lrt AolQm x'g\ eGbf s'g} klg
a9fOr9fO{F ePsf] x'Fb}g .
/fhwfgL bf]xfaf6 lgs} 6f9f cnvf]/sf] a;fO{df /x]/ klg e]nefO{n]
stf/l:yt g]kfnL ;d'bfodfem b]vfPsf] ;s[otfsf lx;fjn] t pgL Ps
;fdflhs sfo{stf{sf?kdf :yflkt 5g\ g}, cj pgn] n]vgsf] If]qdf klg
:yflkt x'g] ;+3if{ ub}{5g\ . ljleGg ;+rf/dfWod tyf ;fdfu|Ldf k|sflzt
/rgfx¿sf] ;+sng u/]/ pgL k':ts k|sfzgsf] tof/Ldf h'6]sf] yfxf kfpFbf
lgs} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . dWok'j{af6 k|sflzt klxnf] g]kfnL ;fKtflxs klqsf
…/fhwfgLÚsf cnvf]/ ;xsdL{ ;d]t /x]sf e]nefO{sf] of] k|of;n] ;fy{stf
kfcf];\ / cfufdL lbgdf pgsf nflu n]vgsd{ yk ;'ud aGb} hfcf];\ eGg]
sfdgf ub{5' . e]nefO{ cfÏgf] jf:tljs gfd …wg]Zj/Ú h:t} l;h{gfsd{df
wgL aGb} hfpg\ / pkgfdh:t} pgsf nflu afwf Aojwfgx¿ Ps} …e]nÚdf
x6]/ hfpg\ eGg] sfdgf klg ub{5' .
Ps lsl;dn] stf/sf] df]km;ndf /x]sf e]nefO{ Ps alnof]
;Defjgfsf?kdf pbfPsf 5g\ . pgL e]ndfq} xf]Og gbL aGg'k5{, lg/Gt/
axg'k5{ / ;fu/ r'Dg'k5{ . pgsf] n]vg lzNk cfufdL lbgdf yk zzQm
aGb} hfcf];\, pgsf] sndsf] lgj ltvfl/Fb} hfcf];\ / pgLk|lt /flvPsf
ck]Iffx¿ k'/f ug{df ;kmntf ldnf];\ eGg] z'esfdgf /fVb5' . pgsf]
;':jf:Yo, lb3f{o' / pQ/f]Q/ k|utLsf] sfdgf ub{5' .

bLks kf}8]n
pk–;Dkfbs
/fhwfgL ;fKtflxs - b/ cn zfs{ _
bf]xf, stf/

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 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

z''esfdgf

sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf nfdf] ;do b]lv stf/df /x]sf oL o'jf wg]Zj/

lh=;L=“e]n’ lgs} kl/>dL 5g\ . stf/sf] df]km;ndf /x]/ klg lgs}
;+3if{ u5{g\ logL . ;fdflhs ;]jfdf lgs} nflu kb}{ cfPsf oL o''jf
;f“:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] d~r xf];\ of s''g} ;flxTo of s''g} v]n d}bfg
logL ;a} If]qdf b]vf k5{g\ . b]vf kg{'sf] dtnj sfo{qmddf efu
lnPsf x''G5g\ . kqklqsfdf klg b]vf k5{g\ . sf]g{] sfd w]/} u/]
logn] . klqsf k|sfzgdf 7""nf] nufj 5 logsf] .

xfn} dfq logn] laleGg kqklqsfdf cfÎgf] k|sfzgx?sf]

;+ufnf] bf]wf/ k|sflzt ug{ nfu]sf]df xfdL cem v''zL 5f} . o'jf
hf]z, cys / oL kl/>dL xftx?n] n]lvPsf logsf ;+sngx? ;w}
cd/ /lx /xf];\, elaiodf cem} k|ultsf] z''esfdgf .

/lj e§
/fhwfgL ;fKtflxs bf]xf stf/ .

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 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

Nffv ;nfd

Wfg]Zj/ hL= ;L sf] ;flxlTos SjFf6Lsf] kf08'nLlk xftdf kbf{ dnfO{ lgs} v';L
nfUof] . k|jf;sf] Jo:t hfuL/] hLjgsf] jfjh'b klg wg]Zj/ HfL n] cfkmgf]
;flxlTos kmfF6nfO{ x/fe/f /fVg;s]sf] b]Vbf dnfO{ O{iof{ klg nfUof] . lbgel/sf]
ysfgn] nvt/fg eP/ ;fFem jf;:yfgdf kms]{kl5 sltv]/ la5of}gfdf kN6F' h:tf]
nfUg] d h:tf kf6] clN5nfO{ axfFsf] of] SjfF6Ln] ultnf] emfk8 xfg]sf] 5 . ;fy
;fy} of] ;Gb]z klg lbPsf] 5 sL ;flxTo /rgf ug{ km';{b xf]Og pj{/ dl:tis ,
pTffn efjfgf / ;3g snd rflxG5 .
Wfg]Zj/ hLsf] o; s[lt ;lxTosf] s'g} Ps lawf cGt{/ut g/xL /rgf
ul/Psf]x'gfn] o;nfO{ d}n] SjfF6L eg]sf] 5' . dnfO ljZjf; 5 o; SjfF6Ln]
kf7snfO{ oy]i6 v'/fs k|bfg ug]{5 .
Sm'g} a]nf cvjf/ , klqsfsf] km/flsnf] k]hx?sf] s'g} s'gfdf b]lvGYof] wg]Zj/
hL=;L . lj:tf/} logL cvjf/sf] k'/} k]hel/ 5fpg yfn] . cfh gkTofpbf] lsl;dn]
logL} Pp6f v'nf k':ts leq km}lnPsf 5g\ . To;}n] wg]Zj/ hLnfO{ cnvf]/sf]
s'gfdf a;]/ kl:fgf aufpg] dhb'/ dfq 7fGg' Pp6f lgr d'NofFÍg x'g]5 .
wg]Zj/hL sf] x/]s sf] x/]s ;s/fTds sbdsf] k|;+;f ub}{ xf};nf lbg' / x/]s
gs/fTds sbdsf] cfnf]rgf ug'{ cfd clwsf/ ;a}df ;'/lIft 5 lsgsL wg]Zj/
hL cj Pp6f kfq xf]Og ,;dfhsf] Pp6f lhDd]jf/ k|ltlgwL x'g'x'G5 .
;flxTo /rgf cfkm}df Pp6f dfxfg / k'lgt sd{ xf] . emg vf8Ldf a;]/
k/Ljf/sf] ;kgfx? l;pb} cfkmgf] lghL hLjg sf] cd'No ;donfO{ l;h{gfTds
sfo{df nufpg'nfO{ d}n] cfTdfleq}af6 nfvf} ;nfd r9fPsf] 5' . o; dfg]df dnfO{
eGg} dg nfu]sf] 5 wg]Zj/ hL n] dfgj x'g' sf] ;fy{stf k'/f ug'{ ePsf] 5.
dnfO ljZjf; 5 wg]Zj/ hL n] cfkmgf] ;flxlTos cfFtnfO{ dg{ lbg' x'g] 5}g
.cfufdL lbgx?df jxfFsf] lg8/ sndn] hLjgsf] ef]ufO{x?nfO{ ;dfh k/Ljt{gsf]
k|s[ofdf hf]8b} ;w} ;To,;'Gb/tfnfO{ n]lv/xg] 5 .

bLks e]6jfn
cWoIf
cGt/fli6o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;dfh
stf/ zfvf
9 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

b]z cfh /f]O{/x]5 =======..

lx dfn, kxf8 clg

l;+ufl/Psf] xfd|f] b]z g]kfn, ;Ltf clg a¬¢n] hGd lnPsf] g]kfn, laZj;fd¬
t/fO{n]

zflGt / ;¬Gb/tfsf] k|lts g]kfn cfh lakl/t lbzftkm{ nfUb}5 ;fob 9¬·]
o¬utkm{.jL/ uf]vf{nL elg xfd|f k¬vf{x?n] /fv]sf] oz cfh nf]k x¬b+}5, lalng x¬b}5
cgGtlt/======.
/fi6«lktf k[YaLgf/fo0f zfxn] ;+:yfut ?k lbPsf] g]kfn† cd/l;+x yfkf,
aneb| s¬jF/, elSt yfkf, axfb¬/ zfx h:tf jL/ of]¢fx?n] km}nfPsf] g]kfn†
bz/y rGb, z¬s|/fh zf:qL h:tf ;fx;Lx? Zflxb eO{ :yflkt k|hftflGqs b]z
g]kfn† ;Dk¬0f{ g]kfnL Psh¬6 eO{ :yflkt ax¬blno k|hftflGqs b]z g]kfn clg
bh{gf}+ g]kfnL zlxb x¬b}+ nfvf}+sf] /ut kl;gfdf ag]sf] nf]stflGqs g]kfn======.
cfh b]z u0ftGqsf] ;Dd¬v k¬Ubf klg zflGt s¬g r/fsf] gfd xf] <
hgtfn] yfxf kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg\. ax¬blno nf]stflGqs Aoj:yfdf klg gePsf]
;¬–zf;g slxn] x¬g] xf] s¬lGg < cfh b]z of] cj:yfdf u¬h|g¬ ;fy} xfdL ;a}
k|jf;Ldf Pp6} sf/0f 5.Tof] xf], hgtfn] g} r¬g]/ k7fPsf g]tfx?sf] rt¬¥ofO{,
km6\ØfO{, 3¬;vf]/L, u¢f/L clg s¬;L{ tfgftfgsf] v]ndf b]z ?dlNn/xg¬.To;dfyL
klg ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx? cToflws e|i6 ePsfn] ;Dk'0f{ g]kfnLx? ltgLx?sf]
s¬sd{sf] hfFtf]df lklN;/x]sf5g\.
cfÇgf] hGdeÒld, 3/ cfFug, kl/jf/ clg ;fyLx?af6 6f9f x¬g s;nfO{
dg nfU5 / < t/ cfh b]zdf df}nfO{/x]sf] lx+;f, cft+s, hflto ¢Gb, a9\bf]
hg;+Vofdf /f]huf/Lsf] plrt Aoj:yf gx¬Fbf xfdL ;a} b]z 5f]8\g afWo
5f}+.lab]zLg]df dlxnf k¬?if b¬a}sf] ;+Vof a9\bf] 5. b]zleq ca O{dfGbf/Lk¬a{s
sfd u/]/ b¬O{ 5fs vfg / Ps;/f] nfpg klg wf}+–wf}+ kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5.slt t
cfÇgf] Hofg hf]ufpg klg b]z 5f]l8/x]5g\.oltv]/ k¬/} b]z g} ;d:ofsf]
e8\vfnf]df hfFlsPsf] 5.t/ d]gkfj/ sDkgL / bnfnsf] nfuL eg] of] kl/l:ylt
bz} ePsf] 5.log} laljw ;d:of / kl/l:yltn] ubf{ cfh xfdL hf] sf]xL klg
lab]z eg]kl5 cfFvf lrDn]/ cfÇgf] ;Dk¬0f{ hfoh]yf aGwsL /fVg tof/ 5f}+.xfdL
s;}sf] klg s¬/f ;¬Gg tof/ 5}gf+}.lsgls lakgfdf xf];\ of ;kgfdf xfdL
lab]zdf k};fsf] af]6 b]lv/x]sf x¬G5f}.o;}sf/0f a}b]zLs /f]huf/;Fu ;DalGwt
lgsfox?nfO{ klg ‘s] vf]H5;\ sfgf] cfFvf’ ePsf] 5.plgx? ;f]´f ;f´f

10 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

hgtfx?af6 dg nfu]hlt c;¬nL /x]sf5g\. 3/kl/jf/sf] v¬;L / cfÇgf] ;¬Gb/

elaiosf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kfg{ xfdL lab]zLsf] u¬nfdL ug{ xtfl/Psf x¬G5f}+ t/
xfdLnfO{ lab]z cfPkl5 dfq oxfFsf] jf:tlastf yfxf kfp5f}.k/b]z xfdLn] ;f]r]
h:tf] geO{ cg]sf}+ b¬Mv kfpFbf cfÇg} k¬k¬{/f]df xft /fv]/ efUonfO{ lwSsfg¬{
l;jfo s]xL lasNk x¬b}g.c´ vf8L /fi6«x?df cfPsf g]kfnL sfdbf/x?sf] b¬Mv
lk8f t elg;fWo / ;¬lg;fWo 5}g\.xhf/f} ;+Vofdf dn]lzof nufot vf8L
/fi6«x?df g]kfnLx?n] lgSs} si6s/ hLjgofkg ug{ afWo 5g\.yf]/} /x/ clg w]/}
afWotfn] lab]zLPsf b]zsf o¬jf hgzlStsf] ;xL tYof+s s;};Fu klg ge]l6bf
larNnLdf kg]{x?sf] ;+Vof olsg x¬g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\.b]zsf] bl/nf] cy{tGqsf]
?kdf /x]sf] a}b]zLs /f]huf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] Aojl:yt ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ g;Sbf
g]kfnLx? laZj ahf/df cfÇgf] >d sf}+8Lsf] ?kdf a]Rg afWo5g\.b]zsf] cl:y/
/fhgLltsf] sf/0fn] klg o;af/] ;f]Rg] km¬;{b ;/sf/ / g]tfx?df ePsf]
b]lvGg.gt :j+od hgtfn] g} o;af/] larf/ u5{g.xfdL lab]z hfgsf] nfuL
3/af6 lg:sgf;fy 7lug z¬? x¬G5f}+.xfdL o;af/] la:t[t ?kdf hfgsf/L lng
klg h?/L ;D´b}+gf}.sltko t lagf tflnd jf xftdf s¬g} l;k gx¬Fbf klg
lab]zdf wf]sf vfO{ /xg' kl//x]sf] 5 .
To;}n] ca pk|fGt a}b]zLs /f]huf/df hfg¬k¬j{ sfdbf/n] ;DalGwt sfdsf]
hfgsf/L lng],;f] sfo{df bIftf xfl;n ug]{,hfg] b]zsf] efiff,jftfj/0f,lgod
sfg¬g,/xg;xg cflbsf] af/]df k¬0f{ ?kdf 1fg xfl;n ug¬{kb{5.;/sf/n] klg
plrt gLlt lgodsf] lgdf0f{ ug¬{kb{5.;~rf/sf laleGg dfWodx? h:t} /]l8of],
l6=eL,kqklqsf cflbaf6 klg a}b]zLs /f]huf/Lsf] nfuL rflxg] ;¬rgfx?
;Dk|]if0f ul/g¬kb{5.lab]zdf g]kfnLx?n] ef]u]sf ;Dk¬0f{ b¬Mv si6nfO{ lhjGt
?kdf lrq0ful/ b]zsf] s¬gf s¬gfdf hgr]tgf km}nfpg] sfddf cu|;/ x¬g¬kb{5
eGg] xfd|f] dfGotf xf].oL ofjt\ s¬/fx?nfO{ ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] dgg
u/]df lab]zdf cfOkg]{ ;d:of ;dwfg ug{ ;lhnf] x¬g] lyof] .

11 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

o:t} 5 xfd|f] b]z

o:t} 5 xfd|f] b]z o:t} g} /xg] 5 xfd|f] b]z,
dfyL r9\g] r9]sf r9]\s} 5g\, tn emg]{ ´/]sf 5g\.

c:ktfn / :jf:Yorf}sL ag]s} 5g\

hgtf pkrf/ gkfP/ d/]sf d/]s} 5g\.

b]zdf af6f] v'nfpg] eg]/ kxf8x? eTs]sf g} 5g\

;jf/L ;fwgx? af6f] g} geP ´} lqz'nLdf g} cf]O/f] nfu]sf 5g\.

b]zdf :s'n / SofDk;x? ag]sf ag} 5g\

hgtfsf 5f]/f 5f]/Lx? k9g g} kfOPg elg lab]z d} nDs]sf5g\.

r]nLa]6L a]rlavg aGb u/f+} eGg] gf/f b]z el/ g} km}lnPsf] 5

t/ r]nLa]6L rfFlx pt} lt/ nDs]sf5g\.

k'n / af6fx? agfpg] eg]/ lab]zn] C0f lbPs} 5

xfd|f] b]zdf t ´g\ ag]sf k'n / af6fx? dfq eTs]sf5g\.

hnljB'tsf] wgL eg]/ lrlgg] klg xfd|f] b]z

hgtfn] lah'nL aQL g} afNg gkfP/ 6'sL aQL afNg] klg xfd|f] b]z.

;u/dfyf ePsf] zflGtsf] b]z eg]/ lrlgg] klg xfd|f] b]z

;u/dfyfsf] lxpmF aUg] 7fFpdf cfh /utsf] e]n au]sf] 5.

s'g} b]z;Fu g´'s]sf] lz/ cfh cfkm\g} g]kfnL bfh–'efO;Fu em'sfpg'

k/]sf] 5.
k'vf{n] /fv]sf]] axfb'/ g]kfnLsf] kbnfO{ d]6fpg' k/]sf] 5.
ca xfd|f] b]znfO{ g]tfsf] xf]Og\ hgtf Pstfsf] vfFrf] k/]sf] 5.

12 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

n3' syf
Tof] ;f7L lbg
x]
‘ ]/g xf], lrGg' g hfGg'sf] d;Fu j/j/ x'g vf]H5.d]/f] gfd klg lng vf]H5
nfh gePsf].’ cfgf ;+uLx?;fd' u'xf/ dfu] h;/L ;'ldqfn] tLvf] afrgaf0fn]
k|xf/ u/]kZrft d cfsfzaf6 PSsf;L kftndf alh|g k'u] t'No ePF. t}klg g
dnfO{ pgn] e|ddf kf/]sL x'g\ ls eGg] nfu]/ cfgf b'O{ zAb kf]Vb} :kli6s/0f
lbg vf]h] ‘;'ldqf, d ;fu/=======,ltd|f] x[bosf] /fhs'df/, dnfO{ lrlggf}+<’
‘cfa'O{ x]/g,cem} x[bosf] /fhs'df/ klg eG5, nf} g ;fyL xf] arfcf] of]
dfG5]af6.’ ‘;'ldqfsf] u'xf/af6 k|efljt Ps em'08 s]6Lx?sf] Ao+UofTds xfF;f]n]
aftfj/0f /lGsof] . Psknsf] nfuL o:tf] nfUof] ls ;f/f bF'lgofn] d]/f] klaq
dfofsf] lvNnL p8fO/x]sf] 5.km]l/ Psk6s pgL lt/} x]/]F.pgL t ;fyLx?sf]
cf8 lnP/ km"nsf] af]6d'lg 5]nkf/L daf6 n'Sg] c;kmn k|of;df lyO{g.aiff}{
nfdf] cfgf] rf]vf] k|]dsf] of] b'/{bzf xf]nf eGg] d}n] syd\–sbflyt\ ;kgfdf
klg sNkgf u/]sf] lyOg.lalaw sf/0faz b'O{ dlxgf d pgL;Fu 6fl9g afWo
ePsf] lyPF.t/ cfgf] k'gM ldngn] o:tf] df]8 lnPsf]df d c:tAo:t x'g
k'u].;'ldqfn] t cs}{nfO{ /f]lhg\ c/] eGg] k/fO{sf] d'vaf6 d}n] ;'g]sf] lyPF.t/
cfg} k|]dLsfnfO{ e]6\g hfFbf Pp6f gflosfnfO{ vngfosn] lr/x/0f ug{ vf]Hbf
;fyLx?;Fu u'xf/ dfu]sf] em}+ Aojxf/ ;'ldqfn] d;Fu JoQm ubf{ dnfO{ c;x\o
eof]. d pgLaf6 ljkl/t lbzftkm{ kmls{PF / gLnf] cfsfzdf d8fl/Psf] sfnf]
afbnlt/ x]/]+.cfgf] dgleqsf] ldNbf] x[bo;Fu gh/ ldnfpFbf PSsf;L d'6'df
eSsfgf] eP/ cfof] / cgfo;} cf“z'sf] e]n aUof].
d}n] t of] ;f7L lbgleq s] e'n u/] / dnfO{ pgn] dfof df/L kfvf
nflug\ eGg] s'/fsf] dnfO{ 1ft ePg.t/ d}n] Pp6f clGtd e"n eg] caZo
u/].Tof] s] eg] dgsf] lk8fx?df cgGt lk8fx? g} alh|P/ d]/f] cFfvfaf6
alif{Psf] of] d';fnwf/] aiff{ ;'ldqf clg cfgf] gfsd'gL Pp6f dxfef/t
eO{;Sbf klg cfkm' cgla1 /x]sf]df kZrftfk ug{' l;jfo d]/f] efUodf s]xL
xft nfu]g.

13 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

DffG5]sf] hLjg oxfF

;a}nfO{ k¬Ug'5 cl3
/f]lsb+}g sf]xL oxfF

bGs]sf] cfuf] ;a}nfO{ tfKg¬5

lgEg]jfnf cfuf] x]b}{gg\ oxfF

dflg;x¿ ;a}]
/fIf;L ¿klnb} 5g\ oxfF

d/]/ hfg¬5 Pslbg

of] ;a a¬´\b}gg\ oxfF

r¬krfk rfdn v]/

af]n] laSof] e¬; klg oxfF

;a} p:t} Pp6} d¬nf

lsg vf]Ny] kf]n oxfF

c;Tosf] d¬No a9\of]

;Tosf] d¬No 5}g oxfF

v;L / af]sf ´+} eof]

dfG5]sf] hLjg oxfF

14 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

vfnL xft=====
vfnL xft cfof++} xfdL vfnL xft g} hfG5f}
b'O{lbgsf] lhGbuLdf t t / d d lsg u5f}

ltdL 5f} hLljt ;+;f/ g} ltd|f] xf]

km]l/ Pslbg xfdL ;a} df6f] d} ldNg] xf]

sdfpm wg hlt zflGt ltdLnfO{ 5}g

hf]8 a+unf uf8L hlt nfg] ltdLn] s]xL xf]O{g

b'Mv,;'v,ldng,lj5f]8 g} hLjg xf]

c+ufn]/ v'zL;Fu afFRg l;s

eujfg klg ltdL xf} /fIf; klg ltdL xf}

:j{u,gs{ olx xf] k[YjL

/fd|f] sfd u/ ltdL :ju{ k'Ug] 5f}

g/fd|f] sfd u/ ltdL gs{df hfg]5f}

15 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

dfof
b'O{ cIf/ ldn]/ ag]sf] ‘dfof’ eGg] zAbaf6 xfdL ;a} kl/lrt 5f} To;}n]
dfof eGg] lalQs} xfdLn] ;fdfGo zAb 7fGb5f}+ / xfdL o;sf] a]jf:tf ug{ klg
kl5 kb}{gf}. jf:tadf of] dfof eGg] lrh s] xf] < / s;/L o;sf] hGd x'G5
eGg] s'/f xfdLnfO{ k'/f 1fg eg] 5}g.
k[YjL g} Pp6f dfofjL zlQm ePsf] u|x xf] lsgls xfdLnfO{ yfxf g} 5
cfh;Dd k[YjLafx]s cGo s'g} klg u|xdf jg:klt / k|f0fL 5}gg\.o;sf] cy{
xfdLn] o;/L a'‰g' k5{ ls olb dfof / dfofjL zlQm 5}gg\ eg] s'g} klg k|f0fL
hLlat /xg ;Sb}gg\. olb ;w+} hf8f] clg udL{, ;w}+ /ft clg lbg x'Fbf] xf] t
s'g} klg k|f0fL jf jg:kltsf] hLjg–rqm rNg ;Sg] lyPg xf]nf. To;}n]
jg:klt hLjhGt' jf k|f0fL hGdg' dg{' / km]l/ hGd lng'df k|s[ltn] cfgf]
?knfO{ ;do ;dodf kl/j{tg u/L xfdLdfyL dfof u/L huts} hLjgrqmnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbO/x]s} x'G5.of] xfdLnfO{ yfxf ePs} s'/f xf].
dfofsf] g t ?k g} x'G5, g /· g} x'G5, g cfsf/ k|sf/ g} x'G5 / klg
dfof ;a} k|f0fLn] cf–cfgf ;d'x / ;d'bfodf cfk;df u/L g} /x]sf x'G5g.
h;/L k|s[ltn] cfgf] ?knfO{ ;do ;dodf abn]/ ;f/f hutnfO{ g} cfgf]
dfof lbO/x]sf] x'G5.k|f0fLn] rf6]/, lryf]/]/, lrRofP/, sf]6\ofP/ cflb xfpefpdf
dfof b]vfO{/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] dflg; ;a{>]i7 k|f0fL ePsf]n] af]nL, Aojxf/,
clegon] dfof b]vfO{/x]sf x'G5f}. h:t}M– xfdL s;}nfO{ b]v]kl5 sf]xL p;sf]
a:qdf cfslif{t x'G5f} eg] sf]xL s'g} hgfj/ jf a:t' k|lt cfslif{t x'G5f}.o;/L
s'g} sf/0faz\ s'g} klg lrhdf cfslif{t eP/ Tof] lrhnfO{ dgdf x[bodf /fVg'
g} dfof xf]. dfof gePsf] lrhsf] gfd ;'Gbfdfq} klg xfdL lrl8G5f+}, l/;fpF5f+}.
b'Mv c7\of/f]df k/]sf dflg; jf k|f0fLsf] p4f/ ug'{ klg p;k|lt dfof knfpg'
xf].ctMdfof leqL dgaf6 lg:sg] cfjfh xf], t/+u clg cg'ej xf].
dfofn] xfdLnfO{ ;dfhdf o;/L kl/aGwdf kf/]sf] 5 ls ha s'g} Ps
o'js o'jtL ljjfx aGwgdf afFlwG5g\ ta pgLx? b'O{aLrdf dfof knfP/
cfpF5 / ca of] dfofn] tL b'O{lar o;/L h/f] uf8]/ a:5 ls ltgLx?
ToxfFaf6 pDsg} ;Sb}gg\.pgLx?sf ;Gtfg x'G5g\.;Gtfgsf klg ;Gtfg
x'G5g\.o;/L Psflt/ ;Gtfg x'b}+ hfG5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ tL b'O{ klt–kTgL
cfdfafa', afh] ah} x'b}+ Pslbg d[To' x'G5 / km]l/ k'gM s;}sf] ;Gtfg eP/ hGd
lnG5g\.of] k|ls|of rNg] / ;dfhdf gftf uf]tf, O{i6ldq cfkmGt eg]/
Pscfk;df dfg;Ddfg ug]{ k|lalw klg dfofn] ubf{ g} xf].olb ;dfhdf dfof
gx'g] xf] eg] oL ;a s'/fx? x'g} ;Sb}g.t/ xfd|f] ufpF ;dfhdf dfof eg]sf] Tof]

16 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lrh xf] h;nfO{ Ps o'jsn] o'jtLnfO{ / Ps o'jtLn] o'jsnfO{ dfq} k|of]u ug]{
zAb 7flgG5.xfdL hf] sf]xLnfO{ d ltdLnfO{ dfof u5{' eGg cltg} cˆ7\of/f]
7fGb5f+} t/ jf:tadf lg{lhj a:t'b]lv lnP/ ;a} k|f0fLdf xfdLn] dfof u/L g]}
/x]sf x'G5f+}.rn]sf] rng h;/L Ps ;'Gb/ o'jtLnfO{ Ps o'jsn] b]v]df of]
zAbsf k|of]u u5{ / tL o'jtLn] klg ;xif{ :jLsf/ ub{l5g\. ca tL b'O{aLr
em'6f] dfof a:b5 / s]xL ;do tL b'O{ lgs} xfF;f], v'zL / df]hd:tLdf
latfpF5g\. / pgLx?n] cfkm'nfO{ ;+;f/s} efUodfgL 7fGb5g\. t/ Pslbg cfkm'n]
eg]sf] h:tf] gxF'bf b'a} hgf 5fFufaf6 v;];l/ eml:sG5g\. / pgLx? cflQP/
clukl5 s]xL g;f]rL dg{ / dfg{ tDtof/ ePsf / 36]sf 36gf ;dfhdf b]Vg
/ ;'Ggdf cfO{ g} /x]sf 5g\. of] ;a cGwf] / em'§f] dfof xf]. rf]vf] dfof / klaq
dfofdf Tofu / alnbfg x'G5. ;dfhdf t s] xfdLn] olx slx klg ;d'Gb|sf]
5]p5fp,uf8]{g / kfs{sf] s'gf sKr]/fdf dfof ub}{ 6\oflS;df eflu/x]sf] klg
b]lv/x]sf] 5f}.of] s:tf] dfof xf] < s] s;}nfO{ wf]sf lbP/ ?jfpg' t8\kfpg' g}
rf]vf] dfof xf] < s] cfˆgf] :jfy{ / dhf n'6L c?nfO{ wf]sf lbg' g} dfofsf]
kl/efiff xf] < s] Ifl0fs dfof df k/]/ cfˆgf] 3/ kl/jf/nfO{ e'n]/ k/ :qL;Fu
n'Kt xg' g} dfofsf] kl/efiff xf] < s;}sL cfdf jf :jf:gLsf] :jfb rfVg' jf
s;}sf] lktf jf >LdfgnfO{ km;fP/ gfª\uf] kfg'{ dfofsf] ;lx cy{ xf] < To;}n] d
vf;u/]/ dfof ub}{ lx8\g] k/]jfsf hf]8Lx?nfO{ s] eG5' eg] s] tkfO{x? af:tad}
rf]vf] dfof g} ub}{ x'g'x'G5 af ===== <
olb dfofnfO{ xfdLn] ;xL 7fpFdf k|of]u ug]{ xf] eg] dfofdf olt zlQm
x'G5. h;n] 7"N7"nf ;'/aL/, k/fs|dL / kxnjfgnfO{ klg k5fl/lbG5.
cfhef]nLsf cf0fljs xft xltof/n] klg dfofsf] cuf8L lz/ em'Sb5 eGg] s'/f
xfdLnfO{ cjut x'Fbf x'b}+ klg xfdL a'emkrfP/ /x]sf 5f}.To;}n] ca xfdLn]
a'em krfP/ xf]O{g a'em]/ x/ kfO{nf kfO{nfdf dfof ug{ l;Sg' kb{5 / l;sfpg'
kb{5====.

17 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

htfklg ;f]N6L g} ;f]N6L

cfh lsg o:tf] htftt} le8ef8 dfq} 5
km]l/ ;j} 6\ofS;Lx? klg el/e/fp 5g\

cf]xf] cfh t z'qmaf/ eP/ xf]nf

;a} xfd|} ;f]N6Lx? t xf]nfg\

nfdf] 5 s]z/fzL,To} dfly l/ag klg

sDd/df ;fob df]afOn g} xf]nf <

st} xfd|} ;f]N6L kf] x'g\ ls <

p ToxfF 7"nf] :j/df uLt aHb}5

ay{ 8] jf v';LofnL dgfpb} xf]nfg\

p 8f·8'·sf] cfjfh klg u'lGhof]

st} xfd|} ;f]N6Lx? kf] x'g\ ls <

Tof] s'gfaf6 r'/f]6sf] w'jfF p8\b}5

x\jf:;} ugfof] To} s] s] hftL emf]n h:tf] 5

p km]l/ sf]nxn / xf]xNnf ToxL

st} xfd|} ;f]N6Lx? kf] x'g\ ls <

ToxfF lsg 6«flkms hfd xf] <

km]l/ PDa'n]G; klg Tot} efUb}5

cf]xf] ToxfF t 7"nf] PlS;8]G6 ePh:tf] 5
st} xfd|} ;f]N6Lx? kf] x'g\ ls <

18 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

vf]of las]{sf] syf

n 8\v8fpbf] kfO{nfsf] cfjfh / rKkn k8\s]sf] cfjfhn] 7"nL

eml:sb}+ pl7 / ygygfpg yfnL . cfFvfdf lgGb|f t lyPg, em6k6 9f]sf vf]nL
/ 7'nf7'nf cfFvfn] 8Ln]nfO{ x]b}{ ygygfO{, x] eujfg d s] u?F <logsf] of]
afgL slxn] 5'6\g] xf] xF < lsg To;/L x]/]sL < ls d e"t xF' < l8n] emf]lSsb}
af]Nof], xf]O{g s]xL xf]O{g kfO{nf clu ;fb}{ 7"nL af]nL .km]l/ s] td;f agfP ls
eGb} 7"n] s] leq k;]sf] lyof] 8\ofDd ub}{ p s';L{ dfyL k5fl/g\ k'Uof].xtkt\
lunf;df kfgL lnP/ lbb} 7"nL af]nL lng';\ kfgL lkpg';\ . lkP/ t cfpFb} 5'
slt lkpm xF <slt lkpm, ca t}n] klg lknfpg yfln;\ xF.7"nL s]xL af]Ng
gkfpFb} l8n]n] 7"nLsf] xftaf6 kfgLsf] lunf; vf];]/ leQflt/ kmflnlbof].d;Fu
lh:sG5];\ xF nf]Ug];Fu a8\a8fpFb} p7\of] / 7"nLlt/ xft a9fpFb} dnfO{ dfg{
rfxG5];\ <eGb} 7"nLsf] skfndf ;dfpFb} n5f/ k5f/ ug{ yfNof]. 7"nL cfgf]
skfn l8n]sf] xftaf6 5'6fpgdf nfuL/xL / s]xL gnfu]kl5 cfO{of=== cfYyf===
eGb} ?g s/fpg yfnL.

dWo/ftsf] of] cfjfh ;fob 6f9} k'u]klg d:t lgb|fdf eP/ xf]nf s;}sf]
klg sfgdf kg{ ;s]g.w]/} a]/kl5sf] of] cfdfafa'sf] n5f/ k5f/n] glhs} vf6df
;'lt/x]sf % alif{of 5f]/f sdn / $ alif{of 5f]/L ladnf cflTtb]} p7].cfgf]
cfdf afa'sf] Tof] v]n b]v]/ tL b'O{ klg hf]8 hf]8n] ?g yfn].sdn cfdfnfO{
afa'sf] xftaf6 5'6fpg elg vf6af6 p7L clu a9\of] / afa'sf] xft ;dfTb}
tfGg yfNof].olts}df l8n]n] sdnnfO{ hf]8n] s] ws]n]sf] lyof], sdnsf] 6fpsf]
vf6sf] v'6\6fdf 7f]lsg k'Uof] / x]bf{ x]b}{ p;sf] 6fpsf]af6 /utsf] e]n aUg
yfNof]./ut b]v]klg 7"nL cfgf] s'g} k|jfx gu/L sdn lt/ bf}8L++ / sdnnfO{
c+ufnf]df lnb+} nf}g lg d]/f] afa'nfO{ s] eof] d]/f] 5f]/f===8fFsf] 5f]8L ?g yfnL,
cfg} 5f]/f /utfDd] eP/ e'O{df klN6/x]sf] b]v]/ aNn l8n]sf] xf]; 7fFpdf
cfof], dft ;a} pq\¥of] / p;sf xft v'6\6f ;a} sfKg yfn] . p s]xL af]Ng}
g;sL dfq x]l//xof].w]/} a]/sf] ?jfaf;Ln] j/k/sf l5d]sLx? lgGb|f v'n]kl5
s]xL a]/df g} /ldtf x]g]{x?sf] ToxfF le8 nfUof].Ps}l5gdf sf]xLn] sdnnfO{
c:ktfn lt/ nfu] eg] 7"nL klg 5f]/LnfO{ lnP/ pt} nflug\.7"nL c:ktfndf

19 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

/fte/ /f]P/} latfO{. laxfgkv aNn sdnsf] xf]; cfof].otf l8n]klg 56\kl6b}
/ft latfof] .
ljdnf / sdnsf] d'v x]/]/ g} 7"nL Tof] 3/df a:g afWo lyO{. ljdnf /
sdnsf] elaiosf] nfuL g} 7"nL Tof] Aojxf/nfO{ krfpb}+ cfPsL lyO{.3/ 5f]8\g]
/ cfTdfxTof ug]{ k|of; 7"nLn] gu/]sL klg xf]O{g cfkm' k9]n]v]sL ePsLn]
Pslbg t p;sf] Aojxf/df ;'wf/ cfpnf / ;'vsf] ;f; km]l/Pnf elg cfgf]
dgnfO{ ;dfn]/ a;]sL lyO{.

;do cfg} ultdf aUb} uof] t/ l8n]sf] Aojxf/df s'g} kl/jt{g ePg.p
x//ft emg emg lalu|g yfNof]. p;n] /fte/ /fIf;L ?kwf/0f u/L /8fsf]
dRrfpYof] eg] lbgdf sxL klg geP h;/L 5f]/f5f]/L / kTgLnfO{ clt g} dfof
u¥Yof].ldlxg]t klg w]/} u¥Yof} / 7"nLn] ;a} b'MvnfO{ Psl5g ePklg e'n]/
cfgf] kltsf] dfofdf ;dlk{t x'GyL.l8n]nfO{ ;DemfpFyL.t/ l8n]sf] Aojxf/df
eg] s'g} kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]g.

;xg'sf] klg s'g} Ps l;df x'G5.Pslbg xf]O{g b'O{lbg xf]O{g ;w+}sf] lsrlsr
/ em}–emu8fn] l5d]sL jfSs e};s]sf lyP.cfgf] kltsf] Aojxf/ clg ;dfhaf6
klg ckx]lnt x'g k'u]sL 7"nLsf] dgdf ca cg]s y/Lsf s'/fx? v]Ng yfn]sf
lyP.ca p;nfO{ s] unt / s] ;xL eGg] klg yfxf x'g 5f]l8;s]sf] lyof].lbgx?
cfg} ultdf aUb} uP. Pslbg 7"nLn] sdn / ljdnfnfO{ :s'n hfg /f]s]kl5
sfddf hfg nfu]sf] l8n]n] crDd dfGb} ;f]Wof], cfh :s'n 5'6\6L xf] sL Sof xf]
< lsg logLx?nfO{ :s'n gk7fPsf] < xf]O{g, ‘cfh dnfO{ cln ;Grf] 5}g To;}n]
d}n] g} ghfg eg]sL x'F’, 7"nL uDeL/ eP/ af]nL. To;f] eP cfh d sfddf
hfGg logLx?nfO{ :s'n hfgb], 7"n] af]Nof]. kb}{g a:gnfO{ ltdL sfddf
hfpm.nf}t t]/f] v'zL dnfO{ l9nf eof] eGb} l8n] ToxfFaf6 lg:Sof]. l8n] uPsf]
s]xL ;dokl5 7"nLn] bf]sfgdf uP/ Pp6f 7'nf] Uoflngdf /S;L lnP/ cfO{ /
sdn clg ljdnfnfO{ lnP/ sf]7f leq k;L / 9f]sfsf] r'Ss'n nufP/ bgfbg
/S;L lkpg yfnL.sdn / ljdnfnfO{ klg lkpg s/ u/L.cfgL cfdfsf] arg
gsfg{ g;s]kl5 tL b'O{ caf]wx?n] klg cfdf;Fu} lkpg yfn], dft r8\g
yfn]kl5 sdn / ljdnf ?g s/fpg yfn].

r08fNgLsf] ?k lnPsL 7"nLn] cfkm'klg lkO{ g} /xL / tL caf]wnfO{ klg

8/fO{ wDsfO{ lknfO{ /xL, UofnLg ;a} l/lQof], sdn / ljdnf a/\a/fpb+} e'O{df
nl8a'8L ug{ yfn] / 7"nL klg jfSs–jfSs ub}{ 56\k6fpg yfnL.

20 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

s]6fs]6L / cfOdfO{sf] lrTsf/sf] cfjfh ;'g]kl5 dflg;x?sf] ToxfF le8 g}

nfUof] / ToxfFsf] b[io b]v]kl5 ;a}nfO{ k|i6 eof] ls ToxfF s] ePsf] lyof] eg]/
.sf]7fdf x\jf;x\jf:tL /S;L ugfO{/x]sf] lyof], lunf;x? / Uoflng e'O{df
n8]sflyP, sf]7fsf ;fdfgx? klg oq5q 5l/Psf lyP eg] 7"nL, sdn /
ljdnf /S;Ln] dft]/ e'O{df n8L a'9L ul//xsf lyP. of] b[Zo b]v]kl5 s]xL
l5d]sLn] plgx?nfO{ c:ktfn lt/ nu].vj/ kfPkl5 l8n] klg c:ktfn d}
cfO{k'Uof].

cfgf] 5f]/f5f]/L / kTgLsf] of] cj:yf b]v]kl5 UjfF UjfF ub}{ ?gs/fpg
yfNof], x] eujfg d]/L 7"nLnfO{ arfpg';\, d]/f] afa' gfgLnfO{ arfpg';\ elg
5ftL lkl6lkl6 /f]Psf] b]v]kl5 glhs} a;]sf Ps l5d]sLn] eGg yfn]
====vfF====cem} vfF=== of]==emf]n,o;}n] g} olt /fd|f kl/jf/nfO{ dfg]{ eO{; /
xfdLnfO{ klg al;vfg glbg] eO{;.olts}df 8fS6/ ToxfF cfO{k'U5.l8n] 8fS6/sf]
v'6\6fdf ;dfTb} eG5, 8fS6/ ;fx]a d]/f] kl/jf/nfO{ arfpg'xf];\ d]/} sf/0fn]
ubf{ o:tf] ePsf] xf], d ca slxNo} /S;L vfGg / kl/jf/nfO{ klg b'Mv lbGg
eGb} ljnfk ug{ yfNof].dfkm ug'{xf]nf, xfdLn] cfdfnfO{ arfpg ;s]gf}+,
aRrfnfO{ eg] xfdL sf]l;z ub}{5f} eGb} 8fS6/ ToxfFaf6 nfu].l8n] Psf]xf]/f]
8fS6/nfO{ dfq x]l//xof], p s]xL af]Ng} ;s]g,p;sf] jfSo g} aGb eof] p;sf]
rf/}lt/ cGwsf/ 5fof].cfsfz g} v;]/ cfkm'nfO{ lyr]sf] p;n] dx;'; u¥of] .

21 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

sljtf
oxfF s]6fs]6Lsf]
oxfF s]6fs]6Lsf] s] s'/f
lrGg} ufXf] x'G5

kf]zfs ;a} Pp6} 5,

lx8fO{ Å]l/ Sof6jfs x¬G5

nfdf] skfn b]v]/ a}gL eGbf

t]/f cf“vf ˚¬6fO{lbp eG5]

h¬·fsf] /]vL h:tf] b]v]/

jf] efO eGbf rKkn vf]nÒ eG5]

¿k+}ofsf dfq a+}s x'Gy]

cr]n t k|]dsf] klg a+}s /]

˚f]6f]sf dfq x'GYof]

cr]n t x[bosf] klg ˚]|d /]

klxn] t lajfx dfq} x'GYof]

cr]n t nj Dofl/h sf]6 Dofl/h s]–s] c/]

klxn] t lak/Lt ln·;Fu dfq} ;Dks{ x¬GYof]

clxn] t ;dln·L;Fu klg ;Dks{ c/]

22 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

o:tf] x'G5 lsg <

kf]ln/xG5 ;w} e/L
of] d'6' 3l/ 3l/ lsg <

afFrf+} eG5' ;Fw}el/

kf;f] nfuL d/\ eG5 cfh lsg <

v's'/Lsf] wf/ dfly afFr]sf] 5'

d ltd|f] nfuL lsg <

k|]d ug{ vf]H5' ltdL;Fu kvf{n

nfU5 lhGbuLdf cfh lsg <

xfF;f}+ eG5' hLjgel/ cfFvfaf6

cfF;' em5{ cfh d]/f] lsg <

;fFrL /fFv' d eG5' ltd|f] dfof

lal;{ hfG5' cfh d lsg <

l6kf}+ eG5' au}rfsf] km"nx?

cf]OnL em5{ cfh lsg <

lbg vf]H5' pkxf/x? ltdLnfO{

em/L km'6\5 cfh lsg <

cfpF5' ltdLnfO{ lng 6f9f 6f9f

kf/L lbG5 cfh dnfO{ lsg <

;Fu} dg]{ ;Fu} afFRg] afFrf aGwg

6'6o\ f] cfh xfd|f] lsg <

d e]nnfO{ dfq lxhf] cfh

o:tf] x'G5 lsg <

23 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

syf
sf] bf]ifL=============<
;a} eG5g\, dflg;n] slxNo} klg g/fd|f] sfd ug¬{ x'b}g. ;w}+ /fd|f]
sfddfq ug¬{k5{ t/ d ;fg}b]lv c? dflg;eGbf cln km/s lyPF. ;fgf–;fgf
s¬/fdf klg d cln ulxl/P/ w]/} ;f]Rg] uy]{. x¬g t hfF8 /S;L jf dfbs
kbfy{x? / ;]S;df nfk/jfxL ug¬{ x¬Gg,vfg}x¬Gg clg ug}{x¬Gg. eGg]x? klg sxL
g st} Ps}rf]6L lsg gxf];\ r¬s]sf x¬G5g\. d klg b]lvbfF ufFpsf] ;f]emf] l76f]
ePklg n¬lsl5kL cfkmGtx?sf] cfFvf 5ln ;a} lrhx?df kml;;s]sf] lyP. s'g}
;do t d dfBkfgdf em¬d]/ lbg / /ft latfpg] klg uy]{. d}n] zx/df v¬n]sf
gfO{6 Snax? / 8fG; af/x?df gf·f g[Tox? x'G5g eGg] ;¬g]sf] lyPF t/
ef]u]sf] rfFxL lyO{g To;}n] d o;sf] cfgGb lngdf cft¬/ eg] lyP.

Pslbg dnfO{ ;don] g} sf7df08f}+sf] To:tf] 7fFpdf klg k´ofof]. ha

lbgx? 9lNsb}+ ;fFemsf] cfudg x¬b+} lyof]. ;8ssf s¬gfsfKrf / k]l6x?df
k¥Nofs k¬n¬s lah¬nL aQLx?n] :yfg hdfpb+} lyof].dflg;sf] le8 eg] kftnf]
x¬b}+ lyof]. dgdf 8/ ePklg gofF lrhsf] cg¬ej ug{sf] nfuL d]/f] dg cft¬/
lyof].

d d]/f] Ps ;fyL;Fu hdnsf] s¬g} Ps gfO{6 Snasf] u]6}df k¬lu;sf

lyof}].To:t} s] gfd;Fu hf]l8Psf] h+unL 8fG; P08 af/ ;]G6/ elg c+u|]hLdf
n]lvPsf] 7Ònf] af]8{
nufO{Psf] lyof]. u6}df oÒlgkm{ddf ;lhP/ a;]sf] u]6 kfn]n] tgSs tlGsb}
;nfd 7f]Sof] .d]/f] ;fyL k|lag ;nfd eGb} leq l5l/xfNof]. p;sf] nfuL oL
7fFpx? s¬g} gf}nf /x]g5. d klg p;sf] kl5kl5 leq l5l/xfn]. leq lgs} 7"nf]–
7"nf] :j/df lxGbL uLt alh/x]sf] lyof], ha d xndf s] l5/]sf] lyPF, Ps l5g
t d df}g /x]/ dfq x]l//x]. /+uLla/+uL aQLx? lemlnldln aln/x]sf lyP. ;a}
6]jnx? el/e/fp lyP clg ;a} 6]anx? / xftx?df af]tn / lunf;x? b]lvGy].
;a} klt kTgL h;/L cËfnf]df afFlwPsf b]lvGy]. Psn] csf]{nfO{ 7Ddfpg klg
d¬l:sn lyof]. :6]hdf rln/x]sf] o'un g[To / /S;Lsf] dftdf ;a} cfuGt¬sx?
d:tLdf b]lvGy].

24 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

d]/f] Psflt/ d¬6¬df 9\of·f] 7f]ls/x]sf] lyof] eg] csf]{ lt/ Tof] dfxf}n / b¬O{
lk; sk8fdf ;lhPsf gt{sL lt/ cfFvf a6fl/b+} lyP.xh¬/ a;f}+ g, oxfF l;6
vfnL 5. s]6Lsf] dw'/ :j/n] eml:sb} kl5 x]g{k¬U5¬ ToxfF 5f]6f] ldlg:s6{ / dfyL
a|f dfq nufPsL / prfOdf nueu d]/} a/fa/sL uf]/L oÒjtL lyO{g. x]bf{
dtjfnL h:tL tL o'jtL ljjflxt jf cljjflxt lyO{g d}n] cln 7Ddfpg
;lsg.t/ h] xf];\ dnfO{ /fd|} nfUof] / d}n] pgsf] cf1fnfO{ gsfg}{ ;lsg clg
e}xfN5 eGb} s¬gflt/sf] Ps 6]andf a;]. Tolta]nf;Dd d]/f] ;fyL cs}{ 6]jndf
Ps o'jtL;Fu c+ufnf]df afFlwP/ lgs} xfF;L–xfF;L otf rnfpg] / ptf rnfpg]
ul//x]sf] lyof]. o:tf] nfUYof] pgLx? aiff}{ klxn]b]lv kl/lrt lyP. x¬gklg p
sf7df08f+}df nfdf] ;dob]lv a:b} cfPsf] 5. ;fob p;nfO{ t zx/sf] s¬gf–
s¬gf ;a} yfxf 5 xf]nf. t/ d]/f] eg] klxnf] rf]6Lsf] cg¬ej s] s;/L vfg] af]Ng]
d Psl5g t cSs g aSs eP.cf]xf] PSn} x¬g¬x¬Fbf] /x]5 lr;f] lkpg x}, s:tf]
Kof; nfu]sf] eGb} csL{ Ps o'jtL d;Fu ;]lkb+} al;g\. pgsf] :kz{n] ubf{ d]/f]
zl//df sfF8f pd|]/ cfof] .d}n] pgsf] lz/b]lv kfp;Dd lgofn] / x]/] yfO{s6
skfn, cf]7df /ft} nfnL, cfFvfdf sfnf] ufhn / cg¬xf/df cln rflxg] eGbf
al9 g} d]sckn] ufFpn] efiffdf a]Zof eGbfklg km/s kg]{ lyPg. 5ftLsf
:tgx? ;fgf] 6fnf]af6 ps¬; d¬s¬; eO{ aflx/ lglSng vf]lh/x]sf h:tf b]lvGy]
eg] tn nufPsf] sk8fn] leqsf] s6\6' g} k|:6} b]lvbf+ h:t} a[4fnfO{ klg
hjfgL gr8\nf eGg ;lsb}gYof]. emg pgsf] af8¬n] sDd/, uf]/f] 5fnfsf] t s]
s¬/f ug¬{. ‘s:tf] vfpFnf h;/L x]/]sf’] lr;f] lkpg eg]sf], pgsf] r]kf/] af]nL
ePklg dnfO{ ld7f] nfUof] .d em:s], ‘x¬G5 vfFpg’ d]/f] d¬vaf6 km¬lTsxfNof]. ‘clg
Pp6f :oflDkog klg x}’, pgL af]lng\. d]/f] t xf];} u¬ld;s]sf] lyof]. d}n] pgsf
s¬g} klg ;t{nfO{ gsfg{ ;lsg\. Ps}l5gdf Pp6f 7"nf] lgnf] af]tn / Pp6f
sf]ssf] af]tn 6]andf cfO{k¬Uof]. To} 7"nf] af]tn g} ;fob :oflDkog lyof] xf]nf.

b¬a} af]tn v¬ln;s]sf /x]5g\. pgn] s;}nfO{ g;f]wL b¬a} af]tnaf6 b¬O{j6f
lunf;df xfn]/ Pp6f lunf; p7fpb} dnfO{ klg p7fpg] ;+s]t ub}{ lro;{ u/f}+
g elgg\. d klg l56f] l56f] lunf; p7fpb} lunf; 7f]sfpg k¬u] / pgn] Ps
3'6\sf] nufPkl5 dnfO{ lknfpg yflng\. af]tnx? vfnL x¬b}+ uP hf8f]sf] df};d
ePklg zl// tft]/ cfof].

g]kfnL ;dfhdf t gf/L k¬?ifeGbf kl5 clg tn x¬G5g, k¬?if;Fu t lz/

7f8f] u/]/ klg af]Ng ;Sb}gg\ eGg] egfO{nfO{ d}n] oxfF l7s pN6f] b]v]. ToxfF d}n]
cfkm}nfO{ gfdb{ clg sdhf]/ b]v], pgsf] cuf8L. pgn] klg ;fob dnfO{ o:t}
;f]lrg xf]nf. pgsf xftx? d]/f] zl//df ;NanfO/x]sf lyP, dnfO{ Pskn
o:tf] klg nfUof] pgL db]lv aiff}{ klxn] la5f]l8PsL lyO{g / cfh dnfO{ e]6\bf
25 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

;fnf+}–;fnsf] dfof kf]lv/x]sL l5g. d]/f] :jf; a9]/ cfof], v¬g tft]/ cfof]. d
klg ca t lg8/ / nfh klg krfO{;s]sf] lyP. / oL ;a s¬/fnfO{ e¬Ng' klg
lyof]. d}n] lxSdt u/]/ s¬/f cufl8 ;f/] xfd|f] gfd rfFxL s] k¥of] xf]nf < pgsf]
xft ;dfpb} eg], ‘/ZdL’ eGb} dnfO{ UjfDd c+ufnf] xflng\. d]/f] zl//df sfF8f
p7]/ cfof], d}n] cfkm'nfO{ ;DxfNb} k¬/f gfd, 7]ufgf / c? s]–s] ;f]Wb} uP==eg]
pgn] ;l6s pQ/ lbb}+ uO{g\.t/ pgsf pQ/x? dnfO{ ;lx h:tf] nfu]g. xfdL
Ps cfk;df d:t lyof}+ olts}df d]/f] ;fyL cfP/ dnfO{ af]nfof] / cln k/
nu]/ eGof], t ;Fu slt k};f 5 xF :oflDkog vfg] < yfxf 5 tnfO{ Tof]
af]tnsf] slt k};f k5{ ===To;sf] @# ;o k5{, @# ;o==d 5fFufjf6f v;] em}
eP. d]/f] cfwL gzf klg pqof] p;Fu s]xL af]Ng} ;lsg, dfq x]l//x]F==t/
s;}nfO{ slQ klg km/s k/]sf] lyPg\.;a} d:tLdf em¬ldg} /x]sf lyP.

/ft l5lKkb} lyof]. 38Ln] ! ahfPsf] ;+s]t lbb} lyof].olQs}df d]/f] gh/
:6]hdf k¬Uof] d rf}+sb}p7].d;Fu} cfPsL o¬jtL s¬g} Ps o¬js;Fu kf]hdf kf]h
lbb} sf6f nuf… af]nsf] uLtdf gfRb} lyO{g\.gfRbf gfRb} o¬jssf] xft pgsf]
laleGg c+udf ;Nanfpg] sf]lz;df nflu/x]sf] lyof]./ pgL rfFlx aRg vf]h]sf]
efg k|i6} b]lvGYof]. o:tf] nfUYof], pgL s¬g} afWotf clg lajztfdf of] k]zfdf
nfu]sL x¬g\. Tolts}df pgLx?;Fu} g[To ug]{ Ps o¬jtLsf] zl//af6 ;¬s]sf]
?vaf6 kft em/] ;/L km6fkm6\ Ps kl5 csf]{ ub}+ n¬ufx? e¬O{df v:g yfn] /
plg If0fe/df g} k¬/f gUg eO{g\. sfd;¬qsf] cg]s kf]hdf pgn] g[To lbb}
lyO{g\. t/ dnfO{ Tof] ;a ;kgf h:t} nfUof]. d}n] 7Dofpg} ;lsg\, d ;kgfdf
5¬ ls lakgfdf eg]/. d]/f] zl// sfKg yfNof].pkl:yt bz{sx?sf] cfjfhn] jf–
jf / xfo xfosf] cfjfhn] xn g} u¬Ghodfg eO{/x]sf] lyof].:6]hdf gf]6sf] aiff{
g} eP h:tf] b]lvGYof].

uLt km]l/of], bz{sx? k¬gM cf–cfÇg} w¬gdf nfUg yfn]. d klg plx klxn]s}
7fFpdf uO{ a;].af]Qnx? ;a} vfnL lyP, dnfO{ km]l/ lkp–lkp nfUof] / d}n]
j]6/ s] dfq eGg nfu]sf] lyP===pg} /ZdL :of–:of ub}{ cfO{ d;Fu 9]l;P/
kl;gf k¬5\b} al;g\. cf]xf] ;fX} /fd|f] g[To ug¬{x¬bf]/x]5, d}n] eg].cln cln, pgsf]
af]nLdf lk8f n¬s]sf] efg x¬GYof].ca dnfO{ klg lxSdt a9\b} lyof] / ?@# ;osf]
lx;fa klg r¬Stf ug¬{ lyof]. d cl3 a9] d]/f xftx? pgsf] zl//df
;Nanfpb}=====yfn] / d}n] kqsf/ em} pgnfO{ k|Zg dfyL k|Zg /fVg yfn]. s]xL
If0f df}gtf 5fof].t/ pgL r¬k klg /lxgg\. dnfO{ laZjf; ug{ yflng\ jf d]/f
k|Zgdf s]xL n¬s]sf] lyof], pgsf] df}gtf e+u eof].ca pgL d;Fu af]Nbf klg
lz/ em¬sfP em}+ dfofn¬ kf/fn] af]Ng yfln;s]sL lyO{g\. d¬vdf g} em¬lG8Psf tL
kf;L{ efiffx? klg ;¬Gg 5fl8;s]sf] lyP . d}n] ;+jjt, afWotf clg kl/l:yltn]
26 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

dlxnfx? ?vf] / s¬ntdf nfU5g\ tfklg pgLx? Dffof / k|]ddf em¬s]sf g} x¬G5g\
eGg] s6¬ ;TonfO{ pgn] k|dfl0ft ub}{ lyO{g\.ca d pgsf] x/ af]nLdf glhlsb}+
lyP.Ps dgn] t Ps b¬O{ /ft pgL;Fu} latfO{ pgsf] d:t hjfgLnfO{ ed/fn]
kmÒnsf] /; r¬;] em}+ r¬:g dg klg nfUof]. d ca pgnfO{ cfÇgf] jf;gfsf]
hfndf kfg{ cft¬/ lyP. ;fob pgn] klg daf6 s]xL kmfObf lng rfxflGyg\ sL.
cl3kl5sf] af/]df t hfGg] s¬/f ePg t/ cfh eg] pgn] dnfO{ g} cfÇgf]
;a{:j ;¬Dkg rfxflGyg\. x¬g ;S5 dg k/fP/ xf] jf d]/f] ef]nfkgdf ====

leQfsf] 38Ln] !M#) ah]sf] ;+s]t lbO;s]sf] lyof] t/ ToxfFsf] dfxf}ndf

s]xL km/s eg] lyPg.hdft 36\g¬ eGbf a9\bf] lyof].Tolt a]nf;Dd d}n] c?
b¬O{j6f ljo/ l/TofO{;Sbf pgL Pp6f g[To u/L d;Fu} cfO{ al;g\.pgn] eg]
cg¬;f/ pgsf] 3/ wflb· lhNnfsf] s¬g} ufFpdf /x]sf] / pgL rf/ alxgL clg
Ps efOdf cfkm¬ h]7L /x]sL / afa¬n] csL{ cfdf NofO{ cfkm¬x?nfO{ 5f8]/ uPsf]
/ of] a]bgf ;xg g;sL cfdfnfO{ d¬6¬sf] Aofyfn] rfk]sf] t/ ;DklQsf] gfddf
Pp6f em¬k8L c6\g] hldg dfq x¬Fbf cfdfsf] pkrf/ / efO{a}gLsf] nfnfg
kfngsf] vr{ h¬6fpg ufFpdf w]/} wf}+–wf+} k/]sf]n] oxfF cfPsf] / cfkm¬;Fu s¬g}
l;k gx¬bfF b¬O{ aif{b]lv oxfF afWotfn] sfd ug{¬ k/]sf] atfO{g .pgsf] syf em¬6}
ePklg d]/f] eg] d¬6¬df r:sf] nfUof] x¬g ;S5 of] syf ;fFRr} lyof]. of] eujfg
g} hfg¬g. d}n] km]l/ :oflDkog vfp sL elg ;f]w] ef] w]/} gvfg] d]/f] xft
;dfpb} elgg\, dnfO{ crDd nfUof] pgsf] of] s¬/f ;¬Gbf .d xbeGbf cln cl3
g} k¬u]5¬ Sof/ dnfO{ /f]Sb} ;demfpb} lyO{g. km]l/ d}n]klg sltv]/ dgsf s¬/f]
;a} vf]n]5¬ s¬GgL, tkfO{ kl/jf/jfnf dfG5] w]/} vr{ ug¬{x¬Gg, tkfO{ o:tf] 7fFpdf
gcfpg¬xf]nf cflb eg]/ eGg yflng\. Tof] 7fFp g} To:t} eP/ xf]nf dnfO{ pgsf]
Tof] s¬/f klg em¬6f nfUof]. ;do lgs} w]/} lalt;s]sf]n] pgn] g} ef]nL e]6\g]
cf:jf;g lbb}+ labf dflug\, laZjf; lyPg / klg d}n] cfkm¬ a:g] xf]6nsf] gfd
/ sf]7f g= eg] Tolt j]nf;Dd nfO6x? ;a} lgle;s]sf lyP / dflg;x? klg
sf]xL lyPgg\. To:tf] /d0fLo :yfgdf z¬Gotf 5fPsf] lyof] / xfdL 5¬l6;s]sf
lyof}+=========.

/ftL sf]7fdf slt a]nf k'luof] Tof] klg dnfO{ yfxf ePg laxfg PSsf;L
cfFvf v'Nbf !! ah]sf] lyof] . lhp klg ;f/} g} b'v]sf] lyof] . olQs}df 306Lsf]
cfjfh ;'lgof] / clN5 dfGb} 9f]sf vf]n] Tolx xf]6]ndf sfd ug]{ s]6f /x]5 bfO{
tkfO{nfO{ tn Ps hgf lbbLn] e]6\g vf]h]sf] 5 . xF lbbL hf dflyg} k7fO{ b]
s]6f] uPsf] s]xL ;dokl5 g} km]l/ 306Lsf] cfjfh ;'lgof] d xtf/n] 9f]sf
vf]Ng k'u] pg} lyO{g dnfO{ laZjf; g} ePg ;fwf/0f s'tf{ ;'?jfnn] pgnfO{

27 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lgs} ;'xfPsf] lyof]. ;Gr} x'g'x'G5 pgn] elgg\ t/ d s]lx klg gaf]nL x]l/ g} /x]
cfp a; elg d}n] leq af]nfO{ 9f]sf ns u/] pgLdf s'g} 8/ lyPg a? w]/}
;do kl5 cfˆgf] dfG5] e]6] h;/L pgL nHhfn' b]lvlGyg\ oxfF a:g d}n] O{;f/f
u/] d lt/ lg;+sf]r al;g d klg pgLsf] glhs} a;] o;/L cfpFbf 8/ nfu]g
d}n] ;f]w] . 6fpsf] xNnfpb} gfO{ eGg] O{;f/f dfq} lbO{g . ltdLnfO{ t of] n'uf
;fx} g} g;'xfpg] /x]5 ===lxhf] a]n'sfsf] n'uf nufpg Tof] n'ufdf t ltdL ;fx}
;]S;L b]lvG5\of} eGb} pgsf] xft ;dfP t/ pgLdf s'g} k|ltsf/ lyPg . s'g}
la/f]w lyPg gofF b'nxLsf] t/x lz/ em'sfP/ al;/x]sL lyO{g . P ltdLnfO{ s]
eof]=< skfn tfGb} d}n] eg],ef]sn] xf] eg] d vfgf dufpF5' ===< kmf]g ;dfpg
nfu]sf] d]/f] xftnfO{ RofRk ;dfpb} 5}g 5}g xf]O{g elgg\ . pgsf] :kz{n] d]/f]
lhpdf l;l/Ë eP/ cfof] d}n] cfkm'nfO{ yfDg} ;lsg / uDnfË c+ufnf] xfNb}
a]8df kN6fFP . d]/f xftx? / cf]7 pgsf] zl//df b's'g{ yfn] . Tof] aGb clg
;'g;fg sf]7fdf Ps hjfg s]6f / Ps hjfg s]6L dfq} ljrdf s'g} lbjf/ 5}g,
s'g} k|ltsf/ 5}g .

Ps 7'nf] cfjfhn] d]/f] Wofg eË x'G5, xfjfn] em\ofn v'n]sf] /x]5, ;fob
df};dnfO{ klg d]/f] sfd /fd|f] nfu]g 5 < x'g klg Pp6L cj]nf gf/L afWotf /
ljjztfn] Tof] af6f] c+ufn]sL Ps a];fxf/f gf/L ;fob d]/f] Jojxf/ / af]nLsf]
e/f];fdf nfu]/ jf ddf s]xL cfzfsf ls/0f b]v]/ g} ;fob d]/f] laZjf;df lyO{
==< p;nfO{ ;xL af6f] b]vfpg'sf] ;f6f] cj;/sf] kmfO{bf lnb} 5' d, h:tf] dnfO{
efg eof] d]/f] dg k6Ss} dfg]g d gfO{ eGb} h'?Ss p7] ===. s] ef] pgsf]
cfjfh lyof] pgL d} lt/ kms]{/ ;'ltg} /x]sL lyO{g / Toltj]nf;Dd pgsf] zl//
k'/} l5lNn;s]sf] /x]5 . nyflnË s]z , /ftf]lk/f] cg'xf/n] k|:6} lyof] sL pgLn]
sfd jf;fgfnfO{ lgDtf] lbb}l5g . o;/L s] x]g'{ ePsf] ===s] eof] dnfO{ c+ufnf]
xfNb} pgn] elgg . d l7s 5' ltdL oxfFaf6 hfp dnfO{ of] l7s nfu]g lKnh===.
d]/f] s'/fnfO{ 7§f ;DemL pgL dnfO{ x]/L dfq /lxg===. d c? cj jbf{z ug{
;lSbg ltdL u} xfn t ;'g]gf} xF d]/f] r'+unjf6 5'6\g dfg]sL lyO{gg\ pgL t/
d}n] an g} k|of]u ul/ pgnfO{ d]/f] afx'jf6 5'6fP/ sk8f nufpg nufP/
xftdf %)) ?lkofsf] gf]7 7DofO{ lbbfF klg pgL df}g lyO{g dnfO{ Psf]xf]/f]
x]l//x]sL lyO{g\ . d}n] 9f]sfjf6 aflx/ lgsfnL 9f]sf aGb ul/lbP . dnfO{ s]
7flgg\ xf]nL===< s;/L Tof] xf]6]naf6 uO{g xf]nL ====< dnfO{ s]xL eGg] sf]lz;
ul//x]sL lyO{g / klg d}n] df}sf g} lbO{g, Ps dg t b's'b}{ uP/ e]6\g] dg klg
gePsf] t xf]O{g / klg d}n] dgnfO{ ;Dxfn] w]/} a]/;Dd d]/f] dg} dfg]g d Tof]
lbg sf]7faf6 aflx/ g} uO{g o;df jf:tadf sf] bf]ifL lyof] t ===< d pgL jf
;dfh=====< cyjf pgsf] afWotf jf d]/f] afWotf =============<<<
;dfKt
28 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

k9\g] pd]/
k9\g] pd]/ gk9L nfl7P/ lx8\bf
clxn] dnfO{ kg'{ kL/ k/]5

;fyLefO hflu/] clkm;df

cfkm' nv/–nv/ v]t / af/Ldf

3/df ;w} lsrlsr ufFpdf lu/lu/

gk9\g]nfO{ sxfF kfO{G5 / :jb]zdf hflu/

k9]sf ;fyL hfkfg / cd]l/sf

t/ d c/asf] vf8Ldf

k9fO{ /x]5 7"nf] ;dodf lrlgg

b'Mv k¥of] clxn] ?gF'5 lbglbg .

29 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

hflu/
w]/} wfP hflu/sf] nfuL
slt 7fFpdf cGt{/jftf{ klglbPF

k|To]s rf]6L ˚f/d ebf{ %,^;o a'´fO{/x]F

cflv/ slx kfOg d}n] hflu/ ;a}n]

dGqL s} ;xL g} vf]lh/x]

lyPg\g sf]xL d]/f 7"nfa8f sof]+} lbg ef}tfl//x]F

cflv/df s]xL gnfu]/ c/a cfpg afWo ePF

30 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

Aoª\Uo

Aff3sf] 5fnf cf]8\b}df :ofn slxNo} af3 aGb}g ..

x nf] xnf] ===s:tf] kmf]g klg k|i6 gePsf] xf], xnf] cWoIf Ho"
gd:sf/ ==d ;lra af]n]sf] Sof ==xh'/ Tof] ==Tof] ;dfh n] t o;kfnL klg
gofF ;fndf k|f]u|fd ug]{ eP5 gL ===< xf] xf] pxL g]kfnL dgf]/~hg ;fFem xf]
nf]sn snfsf/af6} ug]{ /] ;/ ===-cWIo_ P xf]/ n==n ==l7s} 5 To;f] xf] eg]
;aeGbf klxnf ;j} xnx?, nfO{6;fp08 l;:6d / snfsf/x?nfO{ a's ug{'
k¥of] ===. t ==tkfO{ vr{sf] s'g} lrGtf lng' kb}{g cf]s]===. nt kl5 e]6f}nf
afO{====.

of] egfO{ p:sf] xf] / ;To klg xf] ====d s;d vfP/ eG5' /fdf/fd ;Toxf]
n xf]O{g eGg] sf] ===< x“'O{ofnfO{ lo ;j s'/f jtfO{ /xg' kb}{g cj x'O{ofF bf]xfdf
klg l5l/ ;s]sf] 5 x} ufF7]==. lrgfk|rL klg x]g'{ kb}{g, s] rf]/nfO{ k'ln;n]
;dfTg lrgf x]g'{ k5{ / < ls lgwf/d} n]lvPsf] x'G5 d rf]/ eg]/ < xF rf]/sf]
v'§f sf6\5' eGbf rf]/n] v'§f tfg] em} lsg To;/L tl{;g' k5{ / ==< d}n] t
s;}sf] gfd t tf]s]sf] 5}glg xf]===< d}n] t h] b]v],h] ;'g], h] eO{/x]sf] 5 ToxL
n]v] ==. t/ ;To slt lttf] x'G5 gL xuL===< Tof] klg g]kfnLnfO{ ===< km]l/ oxfF
km/s klg t s:nfO{ k5{ / ===< ;j} kz'kltsf ;f8] t x'g s] lt ;f8]x?nfO{
s;}sf] uflnunf]r,xKsLbSsL / df/n] k]m/s k5{ / xF===< emg kmlnkmfk ePsf]
em} otfsf ;f8]x?klg a'Ëu'/em} ePsf 5g ufF7] .

cfdfsf] b'w r'F;]/ ePg afpsf] 3F'8f] eg] em} cfˆgf] tnj rfxL
cf}zLk"l0f{df,em'df/ft / Eofn]g6fO{g 8] dgfpb} d} :jfxf ;+:yf vf]n]/
g]kfnLx?s} cfFvfdf 5f/f] xfn]/ clg h]j vr{ rnfpg] /] ufF7]===< s7} a/f b'x'gf]
ufO{ g} ePsf 5g oxfF ;+:yfx? . sfsf a8fafpsf] 5f]/f / uf“ps} /fd],sfn] /
:ofd] eP v'lnuf] ;+:yf /fdsfhL,;fu/ g]kfn / sdndl0f eP pb3f6g e}
xfN5, bz{s g} lsg rflxof] / @,$ j6f xf]6]n / a}sdf uP]/ 5'/f b]vfP kl5 t
vr{ t pl7 xfN5 lg t xf]O{g / < kfs]6 vr{ gp7]df 8Ëuf]n bfO{ 5b} 5 lg,
clg ;f] ug{sf] nflu %% em\ofn] b/jf/ cld/ 5 xuL==< Pp6f s'/f] x'O{ofn] klg
cem} a'em\g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g eGof x}g lagf sfo{s|d klg xn,xf]6]n clg snfsf/

31 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

a's u/]/ cfkm'nfO{ 1fg]Gb| ;lDemg]n] t cfO{ l; cf/ l;,bf]xf l;g]df,clg /dbf
/ ;f]lkm6n g} a's u/]/ b]vfpg' lg ===< clg kf] uf]vf{lnsf] 5f]/f t ufF7] Tof]
gfy] e]8fsf] vf]/ ;fO{nLsf] e§L a's u/]/ lg 5\of===. clg xfd|f] b'tfjf; klg
slt ;Dd r9]sf] ufF7] ;+:yfx? rflx hlt vf]n] klg x'lg /] t/
cWIo,pkfWIo,;lrj / sf]iffWIox? eg] Pp6f ;+:yfdf Pp6} dfq x'g' kg]{ /] .
Pp6f ;+:yfdf Ps}rf]6L %—% hgf cWoIf,pkfWoIf,;lrj / sf]iffWoIfx? /fVg]
lgod agfpg' lg ufF7] s] tnj lbg' kb}{g s]xL kb}{g lyof] . @ nfv g]kfnLx?
5g ;+:yf eg] hDdf ^)—&) j6f slxn] cfp“5 kfnf] ;j}nfO{
cWoIf,pkfWoIf,;lrj / sf]iffWoIf aGg] xF===< bf]xfstf/ df cfO{ ;s]kl5 Pskm]/
ePklg o;f] ;+:yfdf nfu]/ Psb'O{ j6f k|f]u|fd / Psb'O{ j6f lstfj t lgsfNg'
k¥of] lg t ufF7] . 3f6f gfkmf h] ePlg P;f] kqklqsfx?df gfd / kmf]6f]
5flkG5 snfsf/ ;“u lrghfg x'G5 . ef]nL g]kfndf uP/ c? s] g} ug{ ;lsG5
/ ufF7] of] lrsg / d6gsf] eF'8Ln] ===< To} snfsfl/tf d} t u'hf/f ulg{
xf]nf====< df}sfdf lx/f t kmf]g}{ k¥of] lg olt j]nf !—@ nfv l/ofn vr{ ubf{
;j}n] ckm'nfO{ lrG5g eg] snfsf/x? ;“u glhs xf]O{G5 eg] ug'{ k¥of] t
sdfpg] j]nf t 5b} 5 lg , geP 3/ uP/ 5f]/fnfO{ O{/fs / 5f]/LnfO{ s'j]t
k7fpnf ls s;f]xf] tlg===< km]l/ csf]{ s'/f xfd|f r]lnj]6Lx?nfO{ rfFxL 5f]kf5f]k
g} ef“sf]5 tlg gfRg / ufpg} ghfg] klg s] ef] t k|lzIf0f lbg] u'?x? ;a} Pt}
clg of] v8]/Lsf] b]zdf dlxnf :6]hdf pe] k'luuf] lg ljr/f vh'/sf] af]6sf]
kfgLn] r';]sf] Hofg To} dfly klg ;]K7L lunf;n] sDhf]/ kf/]sf] cfFvfn] s]
7Dofcf]; tlg sf] af]Nb} 5 eg]/ sfg eg] a}/f] ef 5}g x} To;}n] gf/Lsf] cfjfh
;'g] kl5 p la;'/ eP/ s/fp5 lrRrfp“5 lar/f pkm|G5 . dnfO{ 8/ s] nfuL
/x]5 eg] lar/f lt gflgx?sf slnnf xft st} tfgftfgdf r'8\g] kf] x'g ls <
tL kfp gfRbf gfRb} lrKng] kf] x'g sL <

af““b/n] gt cfkm'n] 3/ jgfp“5g gt c?n] g} jgfPsf] b]Vg ;S5, d t

o;nfO{ pvfg kf] ;DemGy] ufF7] t/ of] t ;fFrf] kf] /x]5 g]kfnL t afFb/ g}
/x]5g cem kz'klts} 9's]/ a:g] df}sf ldn] vf]:g], sfdug]{ hf“u/ / l;k eg]
5}g ld7f] vfg} k/f] lrl6Ss nfpg} k/f] xlu . cem g]kfnL s's'/sf] j]nfotL
e'sfO{ ofF;;/,== cfF]s}==== ofF ====. km]l/ df]6]n] b'Anf]nfO{ b]Vg} gx'g],wgLn]
ul/jnfO{,uf]/]n] sfn] nfO{ 5\of 5\of of] s] efsf] ufF7] s] Aff3sf] 5fnf cf]8\b}df
:ofn slxNo} af3 aGb5 / <

;dfKt

32 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

sljtf

hLjg
hLjg Ps ;3if{ xf]
ldlxg]t / kl/>d ug{'k5{
hLjg Ps pHofnf] xf]
;f/f hutdf Å}nfpg'k5{
hLjg Ps lzIff xf]
3/ 3/df lbg'k5{
hLjg Ps ;+ud xf]
kl/l:ylt;Fu xft]dfnf] ug{ ;Sg'k5{
hLjg Ps cfTdf xf]
;a}sf] dgdf k:g ;Sg'k5{
hLjg Ps 38L xf]
;do;Fu rNg l;Sg'k5{
hLjgdf j9\g' 5 clu
nIo lng' lzv/df r9\g]
kfO{nf rfnf+} k'luG5 ToxfF cjZo
af6f] 5 cK7\of/f] psfnL cf]/fnL
lk8f ;lx h;/L kf/ ug'{5
cfFz' n'sfO{ xfF:g ;Sg'k5{
d[To'dfq xf]O{g hLjg
kz' ;/x klg s] hLjg
;'v,zflGt n'6\g' dfq klg xf]O{g hLjg
gt b'Mv / lk8f dfq xf] hLjg
Ps l;Ssfsf] b'O{ kf6f xf] hLjg
s;nfO{ s] yfxf slxn] cTo] x'G5 hLjg
hGd lnof] of] wlt{df wlt{sf] sNof0f ;f]Rg'k5{
Oltxf;sf] kfgfdf cfˆgf] gfd n]Vg ;Sg'k5{
cfÇgf] :jfy{sf] nfuL dfq lhpg] xf]O{g
c?sf] enfO{sf] nfuL TofUg' xf] hLjg
tg,dg ck{0f ug'{ xf] hLjg

33 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lr¶L
d]/L lk|o;L ;/:jtL
x'g t d cfh stf/sf] nfx'/] ePsf] klg ltgaif{ eGbfklg a9L
eO;Sof] t/ d]/L dfofn'nfO{ kq n]Vg l9nf] ePsf]df cNnf/] kfs]6df/ elg
ufnL u/] klg dfkm rfFlx u/ n .dnfO{ laZjf; 5 ltdLn] ltd|f] hLjg/]vf sf]g]{
h'gLe/sf] ;fyLnfO{ cjZo g} rf]6 / wd{;+s6df kfg]{5}gf}+.
w]/} w]/} ;DklQ / ;'grfFbL sdfO{ s/f]8klt aGg] ;kgf b]v]/ cfh stf/sf]
tftf] xfjf / 6fpsf] km'6\g] 6G6nfk'/] 3fddf s';'d]?dfnn] lgwf/sf] kl;gf k'5\b}
lrNnf] sfnf] ;8sdf s}bL em+} el/of eP/ ef}tfl/b}+ cf gf] hLjgHof]ltnfO{ g}
e'Ng k'u]5' t/ d argdf ;To xl/ZrGb| g} 5'.
xfdLn] dgsfdgf dlGb/df eujfg;Fu o'ub]lv o'u;Dd xfdL Ps xf} elg
;+sNk ub}{+ s;d vfPsf] clg lrgf]:j?k k5\of}/L ltdLnfO{ sf];]nL lbPsf] d
s;/L e"n' / h:tf];'s} cfFwLj]/Ldf klg ljiffn' r6\ofª kg{ lbg]5}g a? alnbfg
lbg]5', clg ltdLn] kq dfkm{t tkfO{sf] ememNsf] cfO{/xG5 / tkfO{sf] k|ultsf]
lgldQ >L:j:yfgLsf] j|t klg lnPsL 5' eGYof}. vf]O{ ltd|f tL ;+sNk,
rf]vf]dfof k|]dsf] kl/efiff clg ld7f cfZjf;gx? eGb} k|Zg u/]sL /lx5f+}.
x]/ To;/L lgi7'/L gag\ d klg of] dfofn] nf}g ;tfof] eGb} lk7 kmsf{P/
efu]sf] xf]O{g t/ s] u?F d]/f] t efUo g} o:t} /x]5.yf]/} hldg w]/} bfh'efO{
c+zj08f ubf{ slt kf] kbf]{ xf] elg k/b]z g} nfUg] lgwf] ubf{ lx8\g] a]nfdf j[4
cfdfn] b'O{ yf]kf cfFz' ´fb}{ cfdfsf] dfof kf]Vg'ePsf] lyof] . afa'n] 3/cfFug /
3/;+;f/sf] zflGt lbksf] lgldŒf tNnf3/] sfG5L ;fGgfgLnfO{ a'xf/L leqfO{ hfp
;Gtfg klg b]lvg] d]/f] a'9];sfnsf] ;xf/f klg x'g] eGg'ePsf] lyof] . t/ d
xf}8] u¢f/, vngfos ;D´L 6«s 8«fOe/ bfO{;Fu} k[YjLsf] of] kNnf] l;dfgf kf/L
ltd|f] t[i0ffdf clN´P/ alxgLn] t PsfGt :yfgdf af;'/Lsf] w'gdf laho–
k/fho x'b+} ltd|f] k'sf/ ;/:jtL ltd|f] ;D´gfn] g;tfPsf] xf]Og. oxfFsf]
kl/l:yltn] s]xL ;do w}o{ ug'{ g} k¥of] . h] xf];\ ca xfd|f] ldng 6f9f 5}g b'O{
aif{ kl5 t xfd|f] hgd–hgd sf] efUo/]vf sf]g{ 3fF6Lel/ ltnx/L l;pFbf]df
l;Gb'/ / u'Go'rf]nLsf] e]ifdf l;Gb'/kf]t]n] ;hfO{ dfO{tL3/af6 sGofbfg u/fO{
labfO{sf] ;u'g v'jfP/ a]x'nLsf] ;fO{gf]df k+r}afhfn] kxf8} ysf{pb}+ 3/ leqfpbf
ufFpn]n] klg :ofaf; k/b]zLsf] 7"nf] sd{ u¥of] eGg]5g\ / xfd|f] hLjgsf] sfnf]
afbn / la5f]8\sf] e'd/L ;w}sf] nfuL cGTo x'g]5.
cGtdf ltd|f cfkmGtx? ;Ltf, lbbL dfO{nL, alxgL, efph', ;f]lN6gL, ldltgL,
leid bfbf, 6\ofS;L 8«fO{e/ sfsf, b]zb|f]xL dfdf / d]/f ldtHo" s/0f ch'{g,
cfdL{ dfdf, ;fyL cledGo' ;a}sf] ;Demgf ub}{ ho afaf kz'kltgfysf] /Iff
u?g\ eGb} labf x'G5'. km]l/ e]6f}nf f

34 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lab]z
gcfpm ;fyL lab]z
ltdL klg n]v n]Vg yfNg]5f}+

bnfnsf] s'/f ;'g]kl5 ltdLn]

ltdL klg dfof df]xdf km:g]5f+}

w]/} ;kgf / pd+u lnO{ ltdL cfpg]5f}+

oxfF cfPkl5 dfq ltdLn] cfkm'nfO{ xf];df kfpg]5f}+

oxfF t ;fyL ;a} pN6f] 5

lem;ld;df sf]7faf6 lg:s]sf] dfG5]

cWof/f] /ftdf dfq kms]{/ cfpg'5

7"nf] :j/df s/fpF5g s] eg]sf x'g a'‰g} ufÞf] x'G5

htf x]¥of] afn'jfg} afn'jfsf] y'k|f] 5

an]sf] cfuf] h:tf] ;"o{sf] tfk 5

bof s] xf] oxfFsf dfG5]nfO{ yfxf g} 5}g

xfdL g]kfnLsf] t kfNt' hgfj/ hlt klg :yfg 5}]g

To;}n] ;f]r ;fyL a]n}df

oxfF ltdLn] cfkm}nfO{ 3[0ff ug]{5f}

ltd|f kl/jf/ 3/af/ lalxg x'g]5g\

ltdL bf]af6f] d} clNemg]5f+}

To;}n] d eG5' ;fyL

ltdL olt ldlxg]t 3/}df u/

ltdLn] ;'g kmnfpg]5f}+

g]kfn cfdf v';L x'g]l5g\

35 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

cfn]v
hGde"ld
g]kfn ;[li6sfnb]lv g} k|fs[lts x/fe/fn] el/kÒ0f{ ePsf] b]z xf]. oxfFsf xl/ofnL
8fF8f le/ kfvfx? ´/gf, gbLgfnf / ;]tf lxdfn emlsemsfp ePsf 5g\. laleGg
hfthfltsf kz'k+IfL hLj–hGt' af]6la?jfx? klg /dfO{/x]sf] kfO{G5. k|flrg sfndf b]jL
b]ptfx?n] af; u/]sf] :ju{ h:tf] g]kfn eg]/ lrlgG5. ;fgf] lrl6Ss k/]sf] b]zdf 9'+uf /
df6f]lagf pleg ;Sb}gf+}. xfdLn] klg k¬hf ug'{k5{. t/ xfF;, s'v'/f, k/]jf, af]sf / /f+ufnfO{
aln r9fP/ g} xf]nf xfdL;Dd cfO{k'Ubf k|s[lt si6 ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5. o; k[YjLdf slxn]
5fn pln{g', Hjfnfd'vL lj:kmf]6 x'g', aiff{sf] 7fFpdf cl;gf aif{g', xTof lx+;fsf] uGtJolt/
nDs]/ xf] eg]/ 7f]s'jf klg ug{ ;S5f}. t}klg wfld{s u|Gydf n]lvPsf] 5}g. b]jL /
b]ptfnfO{ jln lbg'k5{ eg]/ a'‰g' kg]{ xf]. dfgjn] pgLx? klg xfdL h:t} xf].b]jL /
b]jtfx?n] jln b]pm eg]/ t eGb}gg\ lg. hlt b]jL / b]ptfsf] gfddf jln r9fpb}+ hfG5f}
plt ljBdfg b]zdf ;+s6x? cfOkb}{ hfG5. h:t} clgsfn, df/fdf/, v/]8L / k}lx/f] h:tf
k|fs[lts k|sf]k e}/x]s} 5.g]kfndf b}lj zlSt 5, lsgeg] k|To]s cf]9f/ ,kx/fdf
kYy/x?nfO{ lgofn]/ u/]/ x]/, b]jL b]ptfx?sf] cfs[lt b]lvG5. xfdLn] cem} klg a'em]sf
/x]g5f}+. kÒj{sf] dfO{vf]nfdf x]/, w/fgsf] a'9f;'Aaf dlGb/df x]/, clg k|To]s gbLgfnf /
b]jL b]ptfx?sf] dlGb/df x]/ rf8kj{ d]nf ahf/df x]/ bh{gf} kz'k+IfLsf] xTof x'G5,
/utsf] vf]nf] aU5 e6\ofs–e6\ofs e6\lsb}+ k|f0f hfG5. o;/L xTof ePkl5 s] b]jL
b]ptfx? v'zL /xnfg\ < ha;Dd b]jL / b]ptfx?sf] jf;:yfgdf xTof ePkl5 slxn] To;
7fFpdf af; x'G5 / < lsgsL====O{Zj/n] l;h]{sf] ;[li6df ;a} Ps x'g. ;dfg?kn],
;dfg'kflts 9+un] x]5{g, Ps} tKsfdf /fv]/ xfF8L leqsf] ds} h:t} ;DemG5. t/
g]kfndf @)$^ ;fnsf] hg–cfgbf]ngdf cflbjf;L hghfltx?df klg s]xL cfÇgf] df}lns
xs clwsf/x?sf] dfu lnP/ cl3 a9]sflyP. tL dfusf a'bfx? 7"nf egf}+bf pRr
cf]xbfsf 7"nf dfG5]x?n] Ps sfgn] ;'Gg] csf]{ sfgn] p8fO{lbP lkl8t hghfltx?af6}
eGg ;S5f}. oxfF cflbjf;L hghfltsf] dfux? k'/f x'g] t xf]O{g o;df klg cflbjf;L
hghfltsf] dfux? k'/f x'g] xf] jf gx'g] xf]. o;df klg cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] ;f]Rg'kg]{
lbg cfPsf] 5. g]kfndf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg3gTj a9L g} eP/ xf]nf dfcf]jfbLx?n]
cfFvf uf8] cflbjf;L hg hfltx?nfO{ ;d]6], sltnfO{ ha/h:tL klg ;d]6], k|nf]egsf]
cfzf b]vfP/ tkfO{x?sf] dfu k'/f ug'{k5{ xfdL ldn]/ elg dfcf]jfbLdf nu].clg
dfcf]jfbLsf 7"nf egf}+bfx?n] eÒldleq hghfltx?nfO{ dfgj 9fn / xltof/ agfpb}+
3f]8fnfO{ nufd nufP/ cl3 a9fP h:t} a9fP . lar/f hghfltx?nfO{ s] yfxf if8\oGq
s;/L ckgfOG5. g]kfndf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hg nx/ b]zdf rNg]5 eg]/ cu|h
lj¢fgx?n] dfcf]sf] l;¢fGtnfO{ ckgfP/ bn u7g u/]sf] xf] eg]/ eGg ;S5f}. clxn]sf]
1fg]Gb|n] g]kfnL hgtfx? %) k|ltzt dfq} eP k'U5 eg]/ ;'Ggdf cfPsf] lyof] .1fg]Gb|n]
l;w}+ eGg g;s]/ 3'dfp/f] kf/fdf eg]sf x'g /, eÒldk'q cflbjf;L hghfltx?
j'em\g'xf];\. 1fg]Gb|sf] Tof] xltof/ j9L cflbjf;L hghfltx? lsg agfO{of] l;¢fGt 7\ofs}
Pp6} ldN5. cflbjf;L hghfltx?nfO{ df:g] if8\oGq /r]sf] dfq} xf] ./fhf lj?¢sf]
cleofg agfP/ u0ftGq NofpgeGbf klxn] nf]stGqdf vlgg' of] dfcf]jfbL egf}bfx?sf]
rnfvL kÒ0f{ sfo{ xf]=====
;dfKt

36 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

6'x'/L e'G6L
;flaqLn] k'/f 3/df g} zf;g rnfPsL lyO{ eg] ufFpdf p;nfO{ ;a}n]
;flaqL cG6L eg]/ af]nfpy] . 3/b]lv lnP/ 6f9f ufFp;Dd klg ;flaqLs} x}sd
rNYof] . p;sf] s'/fnfO{ hf] sf]xLn] sf6\g ;Sb}gy] . ;flaqL cfˆg} klt
s[i0fnfO{ klg cfˆgf] O{R5f lak/Lt sfd ug{ lbb}g lyO{ .

e'G6L *–( aif{sL 5bfF g} p;n] cfdfnfO{ u'dfPsL lyO{ . cfdfsf] dfof
p;n] sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ kfPsL lyO{g . ;flaqL p;sL ;f}t]gL cfdf lyO{g .
e'G6L ;f}t]gL 5f]/L ePsLn] ;flaqLsf] ;a} cTofrf/nfO{ ;xb} cfPsL lyO{ .
p;nfO{ cfˆg} 3/df gf]Ss/sf] eGbf klg w]/} sfd ug'{ kYof{] . e'G6L b'AnL clg
/f]uL lyO{ eg] ;flaqLsL 5f]/L /fwf eg] df]6L, lrl6Ss k/]sL / ldn]sf] Hofg
lyof] . e'G6L laxfgb]lv /ftL ca]/;Dd d]lzgn] em}+ sfd ug'{ kYof{] eg] /fwf
3/sf] s'g}klg sfd gu/L :s'n k9\g hfGyL . e'G6Lsf] klg /fwfn] h;/L :s'n
uP/ k9\g] O{R5f lyof] t/ ;f}t]gL cfdfsf] cufl8 d'v vf]Ng' cfˆgf] vfN6f]
cfkm}+n] vGg' a/fa/ lyof] . ;flaqL ;f]RbyL sL d}n] o;nfO{ 7"nf] u'0f nufPsL
5' . d}n] g} kfnkf]if u/]/ 7"nL agfPF .

lbgx? laTb} uP . e'G6Ln] afNosfnnfO{ labfO{ ub}{ hjfgLdf kfO{nf 6]sL .

p;sf] zfl//Ls agfj6, ?k/+u / af]nLarg ;a}df kl/jt{gsf nIf0fx? b]lvg
yfn] . t/ klg p;n] cfˆgf] hjfgLnfO{ bafP/ /fVg afWo lyO{ . p;df s'g}
v'zL lyPg . zl// kl/jt{g ePklg p;sf] efUo slxNo} kl/jt{g ePg . 3/sf]
leq, aflx/sf] ;f/f sfdwGbfdf g} p;sf] lbgx? laTy] .

Pslbg ;flaqLn] e'G6LnfO{ Ps ;o ?k}+of lbb}+ elg “d}n] ahf/sf] 7"n]sf]

bf]sfgdf t]/f] nfuL Pp6f ;f8L 5fg]/ /fv]sL 5', hf uP/ lnP/ cfO{h”.
e'G6L r}tsf] x'/L clg 6G6nfk'/ 3fdsf] s'g} k/jfx gu/L ;flaqLn] eg]sf]
7]ufgfdf k'uL / ;flaqLn] r'g]sf] ;f8L lgsfNg 7"n] ;fx'nfO{ cg'/f]w u/L . ha
;f8Lsf] k};f lbg eg]/ emf]nfdf xft xfnL t ToxfF k};f lyPg . pm Psbd l;t
t;L{, p;sf] ;f; km'n]/ cfof] clg d'vaf6 PSsf;L ‘ca s] ug]{ xf]nf’ eGg]
zAb lgl:sxfNof] . Tof] ;'g]kl5 bf]sfgsf] ;fx'n] ;f]Wof], ‘s] eof]’< e'G6L kl;gfn]
lgy|'Ss leh]sL lyO{ . p;n] lxSdt u/]/ ;fx'hLnfO{ elg ‘k};f x/fof], d of]
;f8Lsf] k};f ef]nL NofP/ lbG5' x} ;fx'hL .’ ;fx'n] lrl8b}+ eGof] ‘c“x pwf/f] x'b+}
x'b}+g . e'G6L xftdf ;f8L lnP/ af]Ng' g rNg'alg pleO{ /xL . ca d}n] ;flaqL
cG6LnfO{ s] eGg] elg ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb}+ p;sf] cfFvf /;fO{xfn] . Tolts}df bf]sfgdf

37 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

cfPsf] Ps ckl/lrt dflg;n] s] eof] < lsg o;/L cflQg' ePsf] eGb} ;f]Wg
yfNof] . e'G6L s]xL af]Ng' cuf8L g} glhs} plePsf] ;fx'n] af]Nof], ‘;fdfg rfFxL
dg k¥of], t/ k};f ef]nL lbg] /], o;/L sxfF x'G5 < slt k};f xf] < ckl/lrt
dflg; af]Nof] / cfˆgf] k;{af6 k};f lgsfn]/ lbof] . e'G6L emg 8/fO{ / sfFt/
:j/df elg, ‘tkfO{n] lsg k};f lbg' ePsf] < To;kl5 p;n] s]xL af]Ng gkfpb}+
;f] ckl/lrt AoflStn] ;f8L e'G6Lsf] xftdf ydfpb}+ tkfO{ d;Fu cfpg'xf];\
eGb} aflx/ lgl:sof] . e'G6L s]xL 8/fpb}+ clg s]xL v'zL x'b}+ ;f] dflg;;Fu}
aflx/ lg:sL . p;n] elg, x]g'{xf]; d tkfO{nfO{ lrlGbg To;}n] d tkfO{;Fu k};f
lng ;lSbg . To;kl5 ;f] dflg;n] d tkfO{nfO{ lrGb5', d ;w}+ clkm; hfFbf
tkfO{sf] 3/sf] af6f] eP/ hfG5', To;avt k|foM h;f] tkfO{ 3/df lgSs} b'MvL
clg pbf; eP/ a:g'x'G5 . d}n] s}of}+ k6s klxn] g} of] s'/f ;f]Wg] sf]lz; u/]
t/ slxn] ;do klg ldn]g clg tkfO{ l/;fpg'xf]nf eg]/ 8/ nfUof]’ p Ps}
k6sdf af]Nof] . t/ klg d of] k};f lng ;lSbg, e'G6Ln] km]l/ af]nL . ‘x]g'{xf];,
tkfO{nfO{ ;fk6L g} eof], dnfO{ kl5 kmsf{Olbg' xf]nf, d tkfO{nfO{ db\bt ug{
rfxfG5' . dnfO{ unt g;f]Rg'xf]nf, o;df d]/f] s'g} :jfy{ n's]sf] 5}g\,’ckl/lrt
af]Nof] . ;w}+sf] ufnL / xKsLdf cfˆgf] lhGbuL lhpb}+ cfPsL e'G6LnfO{ p;sf]
ld7f] af]nL / bofn' efjgf b]Vbf If0fe/df g} cfFvf /;fP/ cfP . of] kfkL
;+;f/df cfˆgf] klg sf]xL 5 eGg] ;f]Rb}+ ckl/lrtnfO{ Ps 6sn] x]l//xL .
p;sf] dgdf eSsfgf] km'6]/ cfof] . af:tDd} dfof clg cfˆgf]kg slt
zlStzfnL x'G5 . Tof] ckl/lrtsf] yf]/} dfofn] klg p k|lt e'G6Lsf] dgdf w]/}
dfof knfP/ cfof] . pm ;'s–;'s ?g yfnL ta;Dd Tof] ckl/lrt AoflSt
p;sf] gh/af6 lgSs} 6f9f k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . p;n] cGTodf s] eg]/ uof] Tof]
klg p;nfO{ s]xL yfxf ofb ePg . Tolta]nf;Dd lbgn] labf lnO{ /ftsf]
cfudg x'b}+ lyof] . e'G6L xtf/ xtf/ 3/ k'uL / ;flaqLsf] xftdf ;f8L /fv]sL
dfq s] lyO{, ;flaqL 7"nf 7"nf cfFvf kN6fpb+} clg sfnf] d'v agfpb}+, ‘Pp6f
;f8L lng oqf] ;do nfU5, lbg el/ stf 3'Dg uPsL lyO{;\’ eGb} s/fpg
yfnL . e'G6LnfO{ ;xg' g} lyof], ;xb} cfPsL lyO{ / ;lx/xL . If0fe/df g}
p;sf] dg / ;f]rfO{df abnfj cfOxfNof] . lbgsf] 36\gf p;sf] cfFvf jl/kl/
3'ld/x]sf] lyof] . k};f d}n] sxfF v;fn] / ca Tof] dflg;sf] k};f s;/L ltg]{
eGg} ;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} p;n] k'/f /ft latfO{ . p;nfO{ lgGb|f g} k/]g .

Eff]nLkN6 laxfg cfˆgf] sfd ;s]/ e'G6L 3/aflx/ s] ;f]Rb} a;]sL lyO{,
p;sf] k5f8L Pp6f df]6/;fOsn cfP/ /f]lsof] . pm kms]{sL dfq s] lyO{,
Psbd l;t cfFltO{, ToxfF pxL ckl/lrt dflg; lyof] . oxfF s] u/]/
a:g'ePsf], lxhf] t d}n] tkfO{sf] gfd g} ;f]Wg la;]{5' clg tkfO{sf] gfd s] c/]
< d]/f] gfd rfFlx Zofd xf] x} ’xf:b} af]Nof] p . clg e'G6L klg xfF:b} cfˆgf] gfd

38 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

atfO{ . s]xL If0fsf] s'/fsfgL kl5 ‘nf} t clxn] dnfO{ xtf/ 5, km]l/ ef]nL
e]6f}+nf’ eGb} Zofd cfˆgf] af6f] nfUof] . e'G6L klg xft xNnfpb}= 3/ leq k;L
. lbgx? laTb} uP . ca Zofd klg Tof] af6f] lbgsf] @–# kN6 lx8\g yfNof] /
e'G6LnfO{ klg p cfpg] ;do yfxf ePkl5 3/ aflx/ lg:s]/ a:g yfnL . Zofd
xft xNnfpb}+ hfGYof] clg e'G6Lklg k|lt pQ/df d';'Ss xfF;]/ xft xNnfpyL .
s]xL ;do of] s|d rln/fVof] . Pslbg e'G6Ln] ? Ps ;o hDdf kf/]/ ZofdnfO{
lbgvf]hL . t/ Zofdn] ;f] k};f kmsf{pb}+ olb tkfO{n] km]l/klg k};f lbg]
sf]lz; ug'{eof] eg] d of] af6f] klg lx8\lbg clg tkfO{;Fu klg e]6\lbg eGof] .
e'G6L cf gf] bf]:tL 5'6\g] / cfkm'nfO{ ;fylbg] dfG5] 6fl9g] s'/f ubf{ xt\kt
Tof] k};f ;dfO{ . crfgs oltg} a]nf ;flaqLsf] gh/ ;f] b[iodf k¥of] . o;/L
ckl/lrt dfG5];Fu s'/f u/]sf] / p;af6 s]xL lnPsf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ;flaqLn]
3/df /8fsf] dRrfO{ . sof}+ lbg;Dd ;f]xL s'/fnfO{ lnP/ e'G6LnfO{ laiffn' ;k{
em}+ 8l;/xL . Pslbg e'G6Ln] 3/ aflx/ sfd ul//x]sf] a]nf s]xLk/ lr7L h:tf]
e'O{df b]vL . lnkmfkmf v'Nn} lyof] . leq s] x]/]sL lyO{ pm crDddf k/L lsgsL
ToxfF c? s;}sf] geP/ Zofdsf] kmf]6f] / p;sf] 7]ufgf lyof] . e'G6Ln] xt\kt
kmf]6f]nfO{ kmgkmgL a]/L / rf/}lt/ cfFvf 3'dfP/ ;/f;/ leq k;L / cfˆgf]
sf]7fdf uP/ kmf]6f]nfO{ xftdf lnP/ kmf]6f];Fu s'/f ug{ yfnL . Toltg} a]nf
;flaqL ToxfF cfO{k'uL . ;fob pm e'G6Lsf] lrof] ul//x]sL lyO{ xf]nf . e'G6L eg]
s;}sf] k/jfx gu/L Ps6sn] Zofdsf] kmf]6f]nfO{ x]l//x]sL lyO{ . ;flaqL
e'G6Lsf] glhs cfO{ / hf]8n] kmf]6f] vf]:b} x]5]{ t pmklg crDddf k/L, kmf]6f]df
c? sf]xL geP/ s]xL lbg klxnf e'G6LnfO{ k};f lbg] dflg; lyof] . kmf]6f] t
p;n] pltg} a]nf Roft]/ kmfnL clg /ftf–/ftf cfFvf agfpFb} l/;n] y/y/ sfDb}
e'G6LnfO{ skfndf ;dfpFb}+ n5f/k5f/ ub}{ gfgfeftLsf ufnL ug{ yfnL .
;flaqLn] Tof] s]6f dfyL cg]s z+sf ug{ yfnL / e'G6Lsf] klg emg lrof] ug{
yfnL .
;do ultlzn 5, /f]s]/ /f]lsb}g\ . lbgx? laTb} uP . /fwfn] cfˆgf] k9fO{
klg ;sL . 5f]/Lsf] hft t k/fO3/ hfg' g} lyof] . s[i0f / ;flaqLn] /fd|}
vfgbfgdf lalw k'j{s /fwfsf] lax] ul/lbP . pd]/n] cfkm'eGbf sfG5L ;f}t]gL
alxgLsf] klg dfOtL 3/ 5f]8]/ gofF 3/;+;f/df uO{ t/ e'G6Lsf] hLjg eg] plx
gs{df g} lyof] . pm ;f] 3/?kL lk+h8faf6 slxn] klg lg:sg] 5fF6 lyPg\ .
p;nfO{ cfˆg} 3/
h]n ag]sf] lyof] hxfFaf6 aflx/ lg:sg kfpg] xf] of xf]O{g . p;nfO{ o:tf]
nfUYof] pm Pp6f h+ËnL hgfjf/ xf] / p;nfO{ dflg;n] aGbL agfP/ cfˆgf]
dgdfgL ul//x]sf5g\ . elgG5 x/lrhsf] l;df x'G5, cTofrf/ ug]{sf] klg /
;xg]sf] klg t/ e'G6LnfO{ of] lgod nfu' lyPg\ . p;n] ca t cfˆgf] dgnfO{
aflw;s]sL lyO{ . 8/, qf; eGg] p;df s]xL lyPg . pm Zofd k|lt Psbd
cfs{lif{t eO{;s]sL lyO{ . cfˆgf] tg clg dgsf] dflns g} ZofdnfO{ agfPsL
39 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lyO{ / klg pm Pp6L gf/L g lyO{ To;}n] cfˆgf dgsf efjgfx?nfO{ dgdf g}
bafO{/xL . ca t ;flaqLsf] sr–sr p;nfO{ ;fdfGo nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] .

lbgx? cfˆg} ultdf laTb} uof] . lxGb'x?sf] dxfg rf8 lthn] klg cfˆgf]
cfudgsf] ;+s]t lbb}+ lyof] . o;} cj;/ kf/]/ ;flaqL / s[i0f 5f]/L /fwfnfO{
lng eg]/ b'a} hgf 5f]/Lsf] 3/ lt/ nfu] . a]n'sf kmls{g nfUbf 7"nf] xfjf x'/L
;lxtsf] kfgL k¥of] . To;sf/0f plgx? 5f]/Lsf] 3/df g} a:g afWo eP . otf
lbbLnfO{ lng eg]/ ;flaqLsf] efO xs]{ klg lbbL legfh'sf] k|ltIffdf a;]sf]
lyof] . ;fFem emdSs kl/;Sbf klg kfgL g/f]lsPsf]n] xs]{n] klg Tof] /ft
lbbLsf] 3/df g} latfpg] lg0f{o u¥of] . kfgL /f]lsg] s'g} 5fF6sfF6 lyPg .
e'G6Ln] gftfn] dfdf kg]{ xs]{nfO{ /fd|} ;Tsf/sf vfgflkgf u/fPkl5 ;'Tg] sf]7f
b]vfOlbO{ / cfkm' klg 3/sf] lbgel/sf] sfdn] yfs]sL x'gfn] ;'Tg elg cfˆgf]
sf]7f lt/ nfuL .

otf xs]{nfO{ eg] lgb k/]sf] lyPg . sf]7fdf otfptf ubf{ vf6d'lg
/S;Lsf] af]tn e]6\of] clg ;f] ;a} /S;L :jfxf kf¥of] . ca eg] xs]{ k'/f
dflt;s]sf] lyof] . dgdf cg]s s'/f v]nfpg yfNof] . cfˆgL efGhLsf]
snsnfpbf] hjfgL p;sf] cfFvf jl/kl/ gfRg yfNof] . cl3 vfgf vfg]
a]nfdf u/]sf] s'/fsfgL / kfgLsf] lunf; lbgsf] nfuL lgx'/L kbf{ e'G6Lsf]
;n e'O{df v;]sf], efF8f dfHbf n'+uL 3'F8feGbf dfyL k'u]sf] c? s]–s] ;lDemg
yfNof] . Hofg tftf] eof] clg ;f; km'n]/ cfof] . p;df jf;gfsf] e't ;jf/
eO{;s]sf] lyof] . xs]{ h'?Ss p7]/ e'G6Lsf] sf]7flt/ xflgof] . xfjfx'/Ln] xf] of
e'G6Ln] r's'n nufpg la;]{/ xf], sf]7fsf] 9f]sf v'Gn} lyof] . p r'krfk leq
k:of] . e'G6L eg] d:t lgGb|fdf lyO{ . p;sf] n'ËL ;s{]/ 3'F8feGbf klg lgSs}
dfyL k'u]sf] lyof] . xs]{n] Ps6sn] x]l//x\of] clg s] ;f]Rof] s'GgL e'G6L lt/
a9\of] / PSsf;L UjfDnfDd pm dfyL r9\of] . crfgs ePsf] xdnfn] e'G6Lsf]
lgGb|f v'Nof] . xs]{sf] k+hfaf6 5'6\gsf] nfuL cg]s k|oTg u/L, /f]O{s/fO{ t/
p;sf] cfjfh ;'Gg] sf]xL ePgg\ . cflv/ k'?ifsf] cuf8L Ps cjnf gf/Lsf]
s] g} nfUYof] / . xs]{n] cGTodf e'G6LdfyL laho k|fKt u¥of] . /fte/ v'a
dHhf n'6\of] / s;}nfO{ eg]df dfl/lbg] / cg]s 8/ b]vfP/ 5fl8lbof] . e'G6Ln]
klg cfˆg} dfdfsf] s'–sd{sf] aofg s;};Fu klg ug{ ;lsg\ . lsgls p;nfO{
yfxf lyof], of] s'/f s;}nfO{ eg]klg p;sf] g} ab\gfd x'GYof] . cfˆgf] gf/LTj
n'l6bf+ klg s;};Fu d'v vf]Ng ;lsg . vf]nf];\ klg s;/L p;sf] ;'lglbg]
sf]xL klg lyPgg\ . ZofdnfO{ e]6]/ ;a} s'/f kf]Vg] cfzfn] slt af6f] x]/L t/
Zofd cfpg 5f]l8;s]sf] lyof] / klg Zofd cfpg] af6f] x]l//xL .

40 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

lbg w]/} lalt;s]sf lyP . Pslbg laxfg laxfg} jfSs–jfSs u/]sf]

;flaqLn] b]lvxfnL . of] s'/fn] e'G6LnfO{ klg crDd kf¥of] . ;flaqLn] a}wnfO{
lnP/ hrfFpbf yfxf eof] ls p;sf] k]6df t xs]{sf] kfk c+s'l/t eO{;s]sf]
/x]5 . Tof] yfxf kfPkl5 e'G6L 5fFufaf6 v;];/L eO{ . ;flaqLn] klg e'G6Lsf]
k]6sf] aRrfsf] afa'sf] af/]df hfGgsf] nfuL cg]s oftgf lbg yfnL . t/ pm
s;/L eGg ;SyL ls of] p;}sf] efOsf] kfk xf] clg ;flaqLn] klg of] s'/fnfO{
sbfkL laZjf; ulb{gyL . ;flaqLsf] oftgfn] pu|?k lng yfn]kl5 Pslbg
e'G6Ln] ;frf] af]Ng afWo eO{ . of] s'/fn] e'G6Ln] emg 7'nf] oftgf ef]Ug k'U5] .
;flaqLn] ca cfˆgf] vfgbfgsf] ab\gfd x'g] eof] eg]/ a}wnfO{ NofO{ e'G6Lsf]
lvnfkm aRrfnfO{ kmflnlbG5] / p;nfO{ 3/af6 lgsfnLlbG5] .

cfkm'af6 ;a} lrh n'l6P/ 3/af6 klg lgsflnPkl5 e'G6L hfg g} sxfF
;SyL / ug{ g} s] ;SyL / cfTdxTof l;jfo . t/ cfˆgf] sd{ k'/f gu/L
dflg;n] rfx]/ klg sxfF dg{ ;S5 / . ;+;f/df ;a} ;flaqL h:tf gf/L dfq
klg x'b}gg\ . gf/Lsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] zq' klg gf/L clg ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ldq klg
gf/L g} x'g\ . e'G6Ln] cfTdxTof ug{ vf]Hbf Ps ckl/lrt dlxnfn] p;nfO{
arfpl5g\ / e'G6Lsf] ;a} sxfgL ;'g]kl5 e'G6LnfO{ ;Demfpb}+ cfˆgf] 3/df lnP/
hflG5g . pgn] cfˆgf] nf]Ug] gu/kflnsf hflu/] ePsf] / b'O{ aRrf, ;f;' cfdf
;lxt hDdf % hgfsf] kl/jf/ ePsf] clg cfkm' rfFlx SofG;/n] lkl8t ePsf]n]
s]xL lbgsf] dfq kfx'gf ePsf] sxfgL ;'gfpl5g\ / elG5g cfhb]lv ltdL klg
of] 3/sf] ;b:o xf}+ . d]/f] d[To"kl5 d]/f aRrfnfO{ ltd|f] g} lhDdfdf nufp5' .

ca e'G6Ln] cfˆgf] efUo g} o:t} 7fgL cfkm' dg]{ xf]O{g a? o;} 3/nfO{
;DxfNg] lg0f{o lnG5] / s]xL lbgdf g} ltt/ lat/ 3/nfO{ 3/ h:tf] agfpF5] .
e'G6Lsf] sfd b]v]/ 3/sf ;a} ;b:o lgSs} v'zL x'G5g\ . e'G6LnfO{ klg Tof] 3/
cfˆg} 3/ h:tf] nfUg yfN5 / ;f] 3/sf ;a} ;b:osf] dfof kfPkl5 e'G6Ln]
cfˆgf] clttnfO{ e'Nb} hfG5] .

;dosf] ult cfˆg} ultdf alu/x]sf] lyof] . lth cfpg} nfu]sf] 5 Sof/]
. j/k/sf laaflxtfx? /ft} eP/ l;+ufl/P/ cf–cfˆgf dfO{t lt/ nfUg yfn] .
s]6fs]6Lx? lth cfof] al/n} eGb} uLt ufpb}+ /dfpb} gofF sk8f nufP/
lxl8/x]sf lyP . e'G6Lsf] dgdf stf–stf lr;f] k:g yfNof] . pm ;f]Rg yfN5],
Ps aif{ klxn] oxL lthn] p;sf] lhGbuL g} etfe'Ë agfPsf] lyof] . ‘ca km]l/
s] x'g] xf] < p;n] km]l/ cfˆgf] dg e'nfp5] . cf h] xf]nf–xf]nf’, pm o:t} ;f]Rb}
lyO{ . e'G6L P e'G6L eGg] ;flxnL lbbLsf] cfjfhn] pm em;Ë x'G5] . oxfF cfpm
t gfgL eGg] lbbLsf] ld7f] af]nL ;'g]kl5 lsg lbbL eGb} glhs k'U5] . ‘yfxf 5
ltdLnfO{ of] lth dfGg /fh'sf] a'af klg cfpg] c/], hfpm ltdL ahf/ uP/
41 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

/fd|f] t/sf/L / df;' lnP/ cfpm, otf 3/lt/ d ldnfpF5' .’ eGb} ;fO{nL aflx/
leq ug{ yflN5g\ . pgsf] cg'xf/df cfh w]/} v'zL 5fPsf] 5 . ;fFlRr g}
kTgLnfO{ klt ePkl5 c? s]xL grflxg] /x]5 . cfkm' s]xL lbgdf g} of] wtL{nfO{
5f]8]/ hfg'k5{ eGg] yfxf x'Fbf klg cfh ;fFlxnL lgSs} xF;LnL / km'lt{nL
b]lvPsLl5g\ . sfd ug{ g;Sbf g;Sb}+ klg ;a} sfd cfkm}+ ug{ tlD;PsLl5g\ .
of] ;a} b]Vbf e'G6L b+u kb}{ ahf/lt/ nfU5] .
Eff]nLkN6 ;a]/} /fh'sf] a'af 3/ cfO{k'U5g . ;a}hgf v'zL 5g\ . e'G6L
klg cg]s s'/f v]nfpb}+ cfkm'nfO{ gofF lhjg lbg] ;flx+nL lbbLsL >LdfgnfO{
x]g{ elg leqlt/ nfU5] . ;fl+x+nL lbbL 9f]sfdf g} x'lG5g\ . p /fh'sf] a'af gd:t]
u/ eGg] lbbLsf] cfjfh ;'Gg] lalQs} b'O{ xft hf]8]/ gd:t] u5]{ . gd:t] eGb}
/fh'sf] a'af 9f]sf lt/ s] kms]{sf lyP, e'G6LnfO{ x]/]sf] x]¥o} eP / e'G6L klg
jfNn k/]/ x]l//xL lsgsL /fh'sf] a'af c? sf]xL geP/ plx Zofd lyof] h;nfO{
p;n] s'g} ;do cfˆgf] ;a{:j 7fg]sL lyO{ . Zofdn] ‘e'G6L ltdL<’ eGof] t/
e'G6L eg] s]xL af]Ng ;lsg\, p;sf cfFvf cfFz'n] 6nkn eO{xfn] . ‘c/] /fh'sf]
a'af tkfO{n] e'G6LnfO{ lrGg'x'G5 <’ ;flx+nL af]lng\ . ‘xf] d lrGb5', d]/f] clkm;
hfFbf pg}sf] 3/ cuf8Laf6 hfg'k¥Yof] To;}s|ddf xfd|f] e]6 klg ePsf] lyof] .
t/ kl5 d]/f] ;?jf ePkl5 d}n] e]6\g ;lsg\ .’ Zofdn] Ps} ;f;df eGof] . of]
s'/f ;'g]kl5 ;flx+nL v'zL x'b}+, of] t emg} v'zLsf] s'/f xf] . cfh eujfgn]
;a}s'/f h'/fpb}+ cfpg'ePsf] 5 eGb} e'G6L oxfF;Dd cfPsf] ;a} sxfgL
ZofdnfO{ egL . of] s'/f ;'g]kl5 Zofdsf] cfFvf klg /;fP . e'G6L klg a]:;/L
?g yfnL . Zofd / p;sf] >LdtLn] e'G6LnfO{ ;Demfpb} ;a} s'/f ldnfP/ lgs}
v'zLsf ;fy lth dgfO{ /dfOnf] ul//x]sf a]nf crfgfs ;flx+nLnfO{ ladf/n]
RofKof] To;kl5 pgLx? ;–kl/jf/n] ;flx+nLnfO{ xl:k6n lnP/ uP . /ftel/sf]
pkrf/n] klg p;df s]xL kl/jt{g cfpg ;s]sf] lyPg\ . e'G6L / Zofd /fte/
p;sf] ;]jfdf nfu]sf lyP . ;fl+x+nL cfFvfel/ 6'n–k'n cfFz' agfpb}+ xftsf]
O{zf/fn] e'G6LnfO{ glhs af]nfP/ ‘ ca d]/f] lbg cfO{;Sof], To;}n] ltdLn] xfd|f]
3/df d]/f] sdL k'/f ug'{k5{ . kl/jf/ ;a}nfO{ d}n] h:t} dfof lbg' . ltdLn] o;f]
ul/gf}+ eg] d]/f] cfTdfn] slxNo} zflGt kfpg] 5}g\’ eGb} cfFvf lrDng k'uL .
To;kl5 ;a} hgf ?g yfn] . lalwk'j{s ;flx+nLsf] ;t\ult u/] . ;dosf]
dndn] la5f]8sf] 3fp k'l/b} uPkl5 Zofdn] e'G6LnfO{ cfˆgf] kTgL l:jsf/
u¥of] . e'G6Ln] klg ;flx+nL lbbLnfO{ lbPsf] jrg k'/f ub}+ gofF ;+;f/df cfˆgf]
lhGbuL z'? u/L .

;dfKt

42 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

syf
Eff]nLsf] kvf{Odf d]/f] t pd]/}====<

xf p jf]N8 cf/ o'===of] zAb d]/f] sfgdf k/]kl5 d

Psl5g df}g eP,s] eGg' s] geGg' eg]/ Psl5g x]l//x] . km]l/ p;n] Tof]
zAbnfO{ k'g bf]xf]/fof], ;fob d}n] a'lemg eg]/ xf]nf .@$ -O{u+ln;df_ eg]/ d]/f]
d'vjf6 km'lTsxfNof] . cf] o'' cf/ rfO{N8 eGb} p xf:of] .
of] s'/fn] d em:s] klg / lrofsf] sk cuf8L 6]jndf /fVb} eg] {P;
ckm|sf];{Ú cfO{ Pd rfON8 {πÚd}n] ;f]r] daf6 s]lx e"n eof] Sof/, d cln ge{;
ePF . lsg elg ;f]Wg gkfpb} p:n] eGof] {o'cf/ c u'8 AjfO{Ú d YofªS; eGb}
aflx/ lg:sF] .
p d]/f] stf/L af]; lyof] . c? eGbf af]nL arg / ;a} s'/fdf p /fd|f]
lyof] . d}n] lrof lbbf xf]; jf ;fgf] sfd ubf{ xf]; YofªS; elg xfNYof] .
;fob To;}n] xf]nf dnfO{ p dg kYof]{ . vf;df dnfO{ af]Ng] / lh:sg] dfD5] g}
dg k5{ . lbg'vfg' eGbf klg ld7f] af]nLargn] dflg;nfO{ cfÏgf] agfpg
;lsG5 eGg] s'/f d}n] afh]ah'af6 l;s]sf] lyPF . / of] ;To klg xf] . a]nf
a]nfdf d]/f] tfl/km ug{df klg p kl5 lyPg, d klg d';'Ss xfl;lbGy] / ;fydf
p klg xfl;lbGYof] . o;f] ubf{ ddf sf}t'xNtf x'GYof] / dl:sb} sf]7fdf k;L
P]gfdf cfkm'nfO{ lgofln/xGy] / nfdf] ;do lat]sf] klg kTt} x'b}glyof] .
cfh klg Tolx qmd bf]xf]/Lof], d ;/f;/ sf]7fleq kl; P]gfdf cfkm'nO{
x]g{ yfn] . dnfO{ klg nfUof] d ;fRrL g} aRrf g} 5' laxfg dfq ;]leª u/]/
o;f] lqmdkfp8/ bn]sf] sfnf] ePklg uf]/f] / lrl6Ss k/]sf] slnnf] k¶f] nfUof]
. d}n] nfdf] ;do;Dd cf]N6fO{ kN6fO{ P]gfdf x]/L/x]sf] lyP crfgs d]/f] gh/
;]tf] km'n]sf] skfndf kg{ uof], dnfO{ laZjf; ePg / d}n] vf]tnL vf]tnL x]g{
yfnF], cem} klg laZjf; nfu]g, d ltg 5s k/] lsgsL leqleq d]/f] skfn k'/}
;]t} lyP . k'g d}n] cfkm'nfO{ P]gfdf x]/F], cl3 ev{/ slnnf] / ;'Gb/ b]lvg]
cg'xf/ sfnf],rfp/L k/]sf] / s'?k h:tf] b]vF], d}n] t'?Gt afh]jHo} nfO{ ;DemF] /
pxfFx?nfO{ lh:sfpg] zAbx? d]/f] dgdf u'Ghg yfn] . ltdLx?klg Ps lbg
xfdL h:t} a'9fa'9L x'G5f}, skfn / cg'xf/ klg o:t} x'G5 eGg] zAbn] dnfO{
;f/} sdhf]/ agfof] . d}n] cfkm'nfO{ P]gfdf x]g{ ;lsg, yrSs s'l;{df al;
cf}nf efRg yfn] .

43 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

:s'ndf egf{ ePsf] ldtL cg';f/ d]/f] hGd la=;=@)#^ ebf} o:t} ^,&
lyof] . d t ltg 5s k/] pd]/n] t 8fF8} sf6L;s]sf] /x]5 . d]/f] lbdfun] sfd
u/]g dgdf cg]s s'/f v]Ng yfNof] . ;f; a9]/ cfof] / d ;f]rdf 8'a] . rf/
kfFr sIffdf k9\bf jf !@,!# aif{sf] 5Fbf @*,@( aif{sf bfh'x?n] eGg] uy]{
ÆxfdL t a'9f] eO{of], o:tf] ug{ kfO{Pg, p:tf] ug{ kfO{Pg, of] ug{ ;'xfpb}g, Tof]
ug{ ;'xfpb}g ug]{ pd]/ 9lNsof]æcfbL / d}n] oL s'/f ;'g]kl5 ;kgfsf] dxn
agfpy] . olt aif{df k9fO{ k'/f u5'{, olt aif{df of] ug]{, olt aif{df Tof] ug]{
cflb cflb . x'gt ;f]r]h:tf] s:nfO{kf] k'U5 / < dxfg Aoltmx?sf] hLjgL k9\bf
dfq yfxf x'G5 . dflg;n] sltw]/} ldxLg]t / Tofu clg alnbfgn] dfq
;kmntfdf k'luG5 . of] w|'j ;To xf] klg xf] d df klg ;kmn Aoltmdf x'g'kg]{
u'0f gePsf] xf]O{g t/ dnfO{ ef]nL eGg] /f]un] ;fg} blv u|l;t kf/]sf] lyof] .
s'g} klg sfdnfO{ yfNg' / ef]ln cGTo u5'{ eGg] d]/f] cfbt lyof] . u[xsfo{ xf];
jf sg} klg sfd xf];\ cGTo ug{sf] nflu d}n] eflnnfO{ g} kv{g' lyof] . s]
lat]sf] 5 / pd]/ 5 la:tf/} u5'{ eGg] d]/f] 3d08 lyof] . t/ ultlzn ;don]
dnfO{ wf]sf lbO{;s]sf] /x]5 . ;]s08,ldg]6 / 306 x'b} laTg] ;don]
lbg,xKtf,dlxgf / ;fnnfO{ klg ;fy} lnP/ lx8]sf] s;}nfO{ klg kQ} gx'g] /x]5 .
d]/f] ef]ln cfh;Dd klg cfpg ;s]g .
b'O{ aif{sf] leiffdf w]/} wg sdfpg] / P];cf/fdsf] lhGbuL latfpg] ;kgf
af]s]/ 3/38]/L aGbsL /fvL cfÏgf] k};fdf cfkm} a]lrP/ ;ft ;d'Gb| kfl/sf] b]z
stf/df sfo{/t ePsf] klg ;ft;fn latL;s]5 t/ cj:yf eg] p:t},lxhf]sf]
h:t} cem} slt 7fpdf t 6fn6'n ug{ g} afsL g} /x]5 . d]/f] ;kgf Psflt/ d
Psflt/ k'u]5',v} d}n] cfh;Dd u/]sf s'g} sfdx?, v} d]/f] @) aif{sf]
k9fO{,cuf8L g} d]/f] lajfx, vfO{ ddf s'g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] dnfO{ nfUYof] d]/f]
t hjfgL dfq xf]O{g pd]/} 9lNs;s]5 / klg ;a} lt/jf6 xft nfUof] a/fa/ d
klg ufpn] bfh'x?s} pd]/df kf] k'u]5' . h'g pd]/df x/]; vfb} pgLx? dnfO{
;Demfpy], d em:sG5' cl3sf] Tof] af];sf] zAbn] dnfO{ ;ts{ agfp5 . p;sf]
xf“;f] / lbg] xf};nfn] dnfO{ lh:sfP h:tf] nfU5 . p;n] lbg] dfof dnfO{
a}zfvL h:tf] nfU5 .
wg' π 6L lKnh d em:sG5', of] p;}sf] cfjfh lyof] . cf]s] ;/ d]/f]
d'vaf6 km'lTs xfNof] . ;ft ;fnsf] d]/f] cg'ej olx lyof] . 3l8lt/ gh/ k'
mofp“5' t ;do w]/} latL;s]sf] /x]5 . p;sf] lrof ;dodf gcfpbf dnfO{
eGg cfPsf] /x]5 . d sf]7faf6 lg:sL k]6Ldf a:5' . p cem} klg dnfO{ g} x]/L
xfl;/x]sf] lyof] . t/ d olta]nf s]xL af]Ng} ;lsg d]/f] lz/ em's]sf]
lyof]========================================.

;dfKt
44 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

sljtf
Ps lbg t 6'x'/fsf] klg lbg cfp5 /]

r]lnj]6L a]lrGy] d'Da} lt/

Tof] t cr]n cln zfGt ef 5 /] .

l;gf]df /dfpg] lu4x?nfO{ lsg g} km/s kYof]{ /

ltg}n] zx/lt/ d]gkfj/ vf]n] /] .

cat 5f]/f gfltnfO{ kf] a]Rg yfn] /]

vf; u/]/ c/jsf] vf8Ldf .

x/ sDkgLdf Pp6f jL/ uf]vf{nL x'G5 /]

p;sf] zf;g lul/hfsf] h:t} x'G5 /] .

g]kfnaf6 t /f0ff zf;g cGTo eof] eg]sf] xf]O{g /

cr]n t logLx? c/a lt/ kf] e]l6G5g /] .

;'g x} t lo jL/ uf]vf{nL / /f0ffx?sf] sxfgL

l;Q}sf] leiffnfO{ ! nfv;Dd klg lng g8/fp g] .

$%) tnj lbP/ !@ 306f sfddf nufpg]

vj'; / kfgL vfg'5 To} klg ;dodf gkfplg .

slt bnfp5f} xf] kmf]/d]g / ;'k/efO{h/ alg

xfd|f] klg t of] Hofg d]l;g t xf]O{g lg .

slt efU5f} xf] k};fsf] kl5 — kl5

cfˆg} bfh'efO{sf] k]6df nft xfgL .

b]znfO{ of] cj:yfdf ltdLx?n] g} k'¥ofof}

ltd|} sf/0fn] slt 6'x'/f eP t sltsf] l;Gb'/ k'l5of] .

;f]r Pskm]l/ kl5 cfˆg} b]zdf kms{g' 5 elg

of] klg ;To xf] Ps lbg t 6'x'/fsf] klg lbg cfp“5 eGg] .

45 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

uLt
sxf“ af6 ;don]
sxf“af6 ;don] 8]f¥ofof] oxf“
rf/}lt/ lbjf/ b]V5' d'lg cfºg} 5f“of .
sxf“af6 ;don] =======================
=================================================.
3/jf6 lx8]y] w]/} ;kgf af]sL
5ftLdfyL 9'Ëf/fvL uf“p3/nfO{ 5f]8L .
lxhf] lyP v';L ;a} cfºgf lyP uy]{ x]nf] xfO{
cfh eP b'MvL ;a} eP k/fO{ .
sxf“af6 ;don]=====================================
===========================================================
hLGbuLnfO{ bf]if lbp“ eg] ;fy glbPsf] xf]Og
sd{nfO{ bf]if lbpeg] vf]6 s]xL 5}g .
v';L lyof] hLjg d]]/f] s'g j}l/sf] cfvf nfUof]
r'8L nUof] ;kgf d]/f] hLjgdf bfu nfUof] .
sxf“af6 ;don]==================================
========================================================

46 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

uLt

ltxf/
km"n km'Nof] cf“ugLdf ltxf/ cfpgn]
?g' k¥of] Pp6f bfh' ToxL klg ljb]z hfgn] .
km"nsf] dfnf cf]O{nfP/ hfg] ef]
o;kfnL klg xftd]/f] vfnL /xg] ef] .
km"n km'Nof] cfugLdf ltxf/ cfpgn]
=================================================
b]p;L cfp5g cf“ugLdf ltd|} ofb cf“p5
cfdf afa' ?G5g bfh' ltdLnfO{ g} ;Dem]/ .
km"n sf] dfnf cf]O{nfP/ hfg] ef]
o;kfnL klg xft d]/f] vfnL /xg] ef] .
===================================================
=====================================================
gf/Lsf] lt;{gf Kof/f] nfU5 dfOtL s} cf“ug
lbg ca uO{uof] o;kfnL klg bfh' gcfpg] e} uf] .
km"n sf] dfnf cf]O{nfP/ hfg] ef]
o;kfnL klg xftd]/f] vfnL /xg] ef] .
======================================================

47 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 bf]wf/ ;+ufnf] dgsf]

uLt

3/j]jf/ u/]/
s]6f — j; x} lkof/L 3/af/ u/]/
cfx hfG5' dt ljb]z lt/ wg sdfpg .
nfUof] C0f ;fx'sf] ltg'{ t k¥of] lg
cfx h] h:tf] ldN5 sfd ug'{ t k¥of] lg .
==========================================================
s]6L — ghfg'; ljb]z xfdLnfO{ 5f]8]/
cfx 5f]/f 5f]/L ;fg} 5g s;/L u? d Aojxf/ .
sxL xf]O{g wg Tof] xh'/sf] dfof df
cfx vfpnf l98f] l;GsLsf] emf]ndf .
====================================================
s]6f — g/f]p lk|of o;/L ;fO{tsf] a]n}df
cfx k7fp“nf lr7L k'Ugf;fy b]z}df .
kmf]6f] x]/L dgnfO{ a'emfpg''
cfx a]nf a]]nf ltdLn] klg kq rf“xL k7fpg'
s]6L — em¥of] cfz' dg of] ?gfn]
cfx hfg' k¥of] lab]z b'MvL x'gfn] .
kms{g' l5§} xfdLnfO{ ;Dem]/
cfx d af6f] x]/L a:g]5' lk8Ldf a;]/

48 wg]Zj/ lh=;L=
 z'esfdgf ππ z'esfdgf ππ
;flxTo hLjg / hutsf] bk{0f xf] . eGg] gf/f
;GWofu|'k ;flxlTos kmfF6sf] k|sfzg d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf]
gf/f xf] . oxL egfO{nfO{ lz/f]wf/ ub}{ d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf ;j{k|yd t d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf Aofa:yfks efO{ wg]Zj/ lh=;L= æe]nÆ
Aofa:yfks h:tf] lhDd]jf/ :yfgdf /xb} cfPsf wg]Zj/ nfO{ æbf]wf/Ægfds kf08'lnkLnfO{ k|sfzg ug{ nfu]sf]df d pgsf] k"0f{
;kmntf / lg/Gtfsf] sfdgf ub{5' Û
lh=;L= æe]nÆ cfkm}df Pp6f ;jn n]vs clg ;fws x'g a}b]zLs /f]huf/sf] Ao:ttfsf] afah'¢ klg hLjgsf cf/f]x cj/f]xdf
. of] s''/fnfO{ ;fljt ug{ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf] cf/f]x cj/f]xdf ;+3if{ ub}{ cl3 a9]sf] s'/f / lautsf lbgx?df pgn] u/]sf pNn]vlgo
æbf]wf/Ægfds kf08'lnkL nfO{ k|sfzg k|lt ;GWofu'|k of]ubfg / æbf]wf/Æ kf08'lnkLn] ;fljt ul/;s]sf] 5 . sd{7 / kf}/vL
cnld:gfb ;|xfgf ub}{ d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf oL vDaf oL o"jf ef]nLsf lbgdf klg cl3 a9\b} hfpg,pgsf] n]vgsfo{ ltvf/Lb}
hfj; d pgsf] ;|xfgf ub}{ xf]gfxf/ ;fws xf]pg eGb} k'g ;kmntf /
ef]lnsf xf]gfxf/ ;|i6f of /fd|f ;fws xf]pg eGg] xflb{s lg/Gtfsf] sfdgf ub{5' Û
z'esfdgf 6qmofb5f} .. lj:g' s]=;L=
;+/Ifs ;GWofu|'k cnld:gfb tyf ;'k/efO{h/
]
;GWofu|'k kl/jf/ - d'n ;ldtL _
cWoIf
pkfWoIf
M–
M–
>L la/]Gb| s'= ofSy'Daf
>L yrf{ nfdf
z'esfdgf
;lra M– >L rGb| s'df/ yfkf
;x;lra M– >L xl/rGb| >]i7
sf]iffWoIf M— >L lrGtfd0fL la=s= d'Unfgsf] df]km;ndf /x]/ klg d'UnfgL ;f}uftsf Aofa:yfks h:tf]
;b:o M– >L tf/fla/ sfsL{ lhDd]jf/ :yfgdf /xb} cfPsf wg]Zj/ lh=;L= æe]nÆ cfkm}df Pp6f n]vs clg
;b:o M— >L;]lnª s];L ;dfh ;]jL x'g eGg] s''/fnfO{ ;fljt ug{ cfkm\gf] hLjgsf cf/f]x cj/f]xdf
;+3if{ ub}{ cfh æbf]wf/Ægfds kf08'lnkLnfO{ k|sfzg ubf{ d pgnfO{ ;|xfgf
;b:o M— >L vl/nfn k' ub{5' . d'UnfgL ;f}uft hGdg' / cfhsf] cj:yfdf cfO{ k'Ugdf ;fFlRr g} eGg]
;b:o M– >L d]3 /fh u'?‹ xf] eg] csNklgo b]g 5 pgsf] . k|sfzgnfO{ pRr ;xof]u u/]sf5g\ pgn] d
;b:o M— >L ljig' d/fl;gL To:t} ;xof]usf] cfk]If ub}{ pgsf] ;flxTo ofqfsf] ;kmntfsf] sfdgf glbO{
;b:o M— >L lab'/ s§]n /xg ;lSbg .
;'/h tfdfª
;+:yfks cWoIf
;GWofu|k cnld:gfb,cnvf]/ stf/