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    Benson Mates - Elementary Logic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    578 views124 pages

    Benson Mates - Elementary Logic

    Uploaded by

    rogerioparj
    Benson Mates - Elementary Logic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 124
    ELEMENTARY LOGIC Second Edition BENSON MATES ws fs i New York OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1972 common © 195,17, wate On a PREFACE. to nie ninst spmmiow lementary logic inthe technical sense ofthe ter, that part of sym bolic or mathematical logic in which the notions oll and some are ap ‘led only toindviduals and ot also to classes or abuts of individuals Tis atonce the most solid part ofthe subject and the simplest put that permits a wide variety of non-vil application. Consoque isms ‘posi suite fr study by beginners "The peset textbook is intended a an nteoduction to elementary logic ‘ts content, structure, and manne hae bee determined i age mene —pethape ‘case the beter word by eetain devderata about which ‘he reader shouldbe informed atthe outct. The leading tenis th ete an inuoductory weatmest of logic may proBtaly be fathioned around ‘Hgorus framework Studeats come o this subject wih the legitimate ex: ‘vaon tht hee, Fanywher, clarity and exacute wil preva. When they meet sloppiness or vaguencs at crucial paces, they understandably fet lt down’ While of course I donot imagine tat I aan the st texte ‘book writes to cherish igor, or tl es tht have succeeded in giving no ‘ceasion forthe tort of aiappoiniment or mentioned nyc n at ‘ston wil account for many ofthe book's distinctive Teatures. ‘As fst step toward achieving the dese level of cai, | hve en: ‘ey German’ Menge’) Thus we ens that ay collection of objets on tutes a ack, but perhops this vo move informative than if we said that any so of objets constitutes a collection. None of the synonyms is ue ‘ight “Collection or instance, connotes “to collet (Wo beng together), ‘bu ie in no way essential that the members of ase shouldbe located inthe vicinity of one another. Perhaps the only satisfactory method of characterizing set is by means of axioms, bu Tor the present ough, Intute account wll have to suf “The objects tha constiae ast are called is elements or members. Each set is uniquely determined by its members: n other mors, es having the ‘ime members re Went eastomary #9 ie the symbol“ fe the Bhraeisa member (or clement of so tht if for example the eter" ‘ents the set of prime number, the sentence ver meant that seven is member of the set of prime numbers—in other sora that seven i prime aumber ‘Ses ae closely related to sentencefoems of one fie variable with cer tain qualifications we may say tha foreach sentence-form of one fee ‘arable there ia Set whose members are jos those objects that sais {he form, Ths, corresponding to the sentence form ‘ere isthe set of men; corresponding to the form - Al blong to are members of thi ls-than relation, whe the pas 2,10, (2,2, (2,100), (Laurel, Hardy) do aot "Or cansidr the following sentence“orm wit thee fee variables Jed ae integers and x

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