BC TH C Hành PT GIS - Đ Vi Khanh - 90904279 - Ca2

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS
SV: Vi Khanh_90904279_Ca2
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Mc lc
I.
Gii thiu chung v GIS v phn mm ArcGIS ..................................................... 3

1.
GIS l g................................................................................................................. 3
2.
Cc chc nng c bn ca GIS ........................................................................... 3
3.
Phn mm ArcGIS ............................................................................................... 3
4.
Cu trc d liu trong ArcGIS. .......................................................................... 4
5.
Phn mm ArcGIS Desktop ................................................................................ 5
6.
Nhng ci tin trong AcrGIS Desktop 10 .......................................................... 8
II. Thc hnh trn ArcGIS Desktop 10. ....................................................................... 9

1.
Bi thc hnh 1: Lm quen vi phn mm ArcGIS v cc thao tc c bn. . 9

a.
M v lu bn mi ..................................................................................... 10
b.
Hin th nhn d liu ...................................................................................... 11
c.
o khong cch ............................................................................................... 13
d.
Truy vn d liu ............................................................................................... 14
2.
Bi thc hnh 2: To, chnh sa, chuyn i d liu. .................................... 19

a.
To 1 lp d liu mi....................................................................................... 19
b.
S ha bn ................................................................................................... 21
c.
Chuyn i d liu trong ArcGIS ................................................................... 23
3.
Bi thc hnh 3: Phng php truy vn c s d liu................................... 27
4.
Bi thc hnh 4: Ni suy, xc nh cc ng ng mc. ............................. 35

a.
Ni suy .............................................................................................................. 36
b.
Xc nh mc chnh xc ca phng php ni suy ................................. 44
c.
Xc nh ng ng mc .............................................................................. 48
5.
Bi thc hnh 5: Phn tch 3D .......................................................................... 51

a.
TIN ................................................................................................................... 51
b.
Contour: ng ng mc ............................................................................. 53
c.
Slope ................................................................................................................. 55
d.
Aspect ............................................................................................................... 56
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e.
Steepest Path .................................................................................................... 57
f.
Line of Sight ..................................................................................................... 57
g.
Hin th 3D: Thc hin trn ArcScene ........................................................... 58
6.
Bi thc hnh 6: Phn tch mng (Network Analyst) .................................... 64

a.
To mt Network mi. ..................................................................................... 64
b.
Phn tch mng trong ArcMap. ...................................................................... 67
c.
Add mt lp d liu im mi vo Network hin hnh. ................................ 70
d.
Bi ton tm bnh vin gn nht. .................................................................... 73
e.
Tm vng dch v ............................................................................................. 75
7.
Bi thc hnh 7: Lm quen vi cc php tnh trn Raster. .......................... 78

a.
C s l thuyt .................................................................................................. 78
b.
Cc bc tin hnh trn ArcGIS .................................................................... 79

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I.
Gii thiu chung v GIS v phn mm ArcGIS
1. GIS l g
H thng thng tin a l (GIS) l mt h thng kt hp gia con ngi v h thng
my tnh cng cc thit b ngoi vi lu tr, x l, phn tch, hin th cc thng tin a
l d phc v mt mc ch nghin cu v qun l nht nh
2. Cc chc nng c bn ca GIS
Nhp v bin i cc d liu a l;

Qun l d liu;
X l v phn tch d liu;
Xut v trnh by d liu.
3. Phn mm ArcGIS
Phn mm ArcGIS l phn mm ng dng cng ngh thng tin a l ca Vin nghin
cu h thng mi trng (ESRI). B phn mm ArcGIS ca ESRI c kh nng khai thc
cc chc nng ca GIS trn cc ng dng khc nh desktop, my ch (bao gm Web),
hoc h thng thit b di ng.
H thng phn mm ArcGIS cung cp nhng cng c rt mnh qun l v cp
nht, phn tch thng tin to nn mt h thng thng tin a l hon chnh.
ArsGIS cho php
To v chnh sa d liu thch hp;
Truy vn d liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh t nhiu ngun v bng nhiu
cch khc nhau;
Hin th, truy vn v phn tch d liu khng gian kt hp vi d liu thuc tnh;
Thnh lp bn chuyn v cc bn in c cht lng trnh by cao.
Cc thnh phn ca ArcGIS

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4. Cu trc d liu trong ArcGIS.

ArcGIS l mt ni t chc v lu tr thng tin di dng cc lp d liu khng gian.
Mi lp bao gm cc d liu c thuc tnh ging nhau.
Cc kiu d liu trong ArcGIS
D liu Vector
L mt tp cc lp d liu c trng c cng h quy chiu. ngi dng c th la
chn t chc cc lp d liu c trng n gin bn trong v bn ngoi ca cc tp d
liu.
M hnh d liu vector biu din di dng cc lp d liu: Points, lines, polygons
-
Points l cc cp ta (x,y) hay b ba (x,y,z) vi z l gi tr biu din cho

cao.
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- Lines l tp hp ca cc ta nh ngha mt hnh dng.

- Polygons l tp hp cc ta khai bo cho ng bao ca mt vng.
D liu Raster
M hnh d liu Raster biu din nh mt b mt c chia thnh nhng li bng
nhau v c dng lu tr, phn tch d liu lin tc trn mt vng no y. mi
nh cha mt gi tr c th biu din cho mt gi tr o c.
D liu Raster bao gm cc loi nh ( nh hng khng, nh v tinh, nh qut dng
s ha, lm nn ) v grip ( dng phn tch v lp m hnh ).
D liu TIN
Cha ng mt tp cc tam gic lin tc mt cch chnh xc ca mt khu vc vi s
kt ni vi nhau qua cc im vi gi tr x, y, z.
D liu dng bng
ArcGIS cho php kt ni trc tip vi cc d liu bng biu v kt ni d liu khng
gian vi d liu bng biu ( thuc tnh ).
5. Phn mm ArcGIS Desktop
Phn mm ArcGIS Desktop c cung cp cho ngi dng 1 trong 3 cp bc vi
mc chuyn su khc nhau l ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo
ArcView: Cung cp y chc nng cho php biu din, qun l, xy dng v phn tch
d liu a l, cc cng c phn tch khng gian cng vi vic bin tp v phn tch thng
tin t cc lp bn khc nhau ng thi th hin cc mi quan h v nhn dng cc m
hnh. Vi ArcView, cho php:
Ra cc quyt nh chun xc hn da trn cc d liu a l;

Xem v phn tch cc d liu khng gian bng nhiu phng php;
Xy dng n gin v d dng cc d liu a l;
To ra cc bn c cht lng cao;
Qun l tt c cc file, CSDL v cc ngun d liu;
Ty bin giao din ngi dng theo yu cu.

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ArcEditor: L b sn phm c nhiu chc nng hn, dng chnh sa v qun l d

liu a l. ArcEditor bao gm cc tnh nng ca ArcView v thm vo l mt s cc
cng c chnh sa, bin tp. Vi ArcEditor, cho php:
Dng cc cng c CAD to v chnh sa cc c tnh GIS;
To ra cc CSDL a l thng minh;
To quy trnh cng vic mt cch chuyn nghip cho 1 nhm v cho php nhiu
ngi bin tp;
Xy dng v gi c tnh ton vn ca khng gian bao gm cc quan h hnh hc
topo gia cc c tnh a l;
Qun l v m rng mng li hnh hc;
Lm tng nng sut bin tp;
Qun l mi trng thit k a ngi dng vi versioning;
Duy tr tnh ton vn gia cc lp ch v thc y t duy logic ca ngi dng;
Cho php chnh sa d liu c lp (khi tm ngng kt ni vi CSDL).
ArcInfo: L b sn phm ArcGIS y nht. ArcInfo bao gm tt c cc chc nng ca
ArcView ln ArcEditor. Cung cp cc chc nng to v qun l mt h GIS, x l d
liu khng gian v kh nng chuyn i d liu, xy dng d liu, m hnh ha, phn
tch, hin th bn trn mn hnh my tnh v xut bn bn ra cc phng tin khc
nhau. Vi ArcInfo, cho php:
Xy dng mt m hnh x l khng gian rt hu dng cho vic tm ra cc mi
quan h, phn tch d liu v tch hp d liu;
Thc hin chng lp cc lp vector, ni suy v phn tch thng k;
To ra cc c tnh cho s kin v chng xp cc c tnh ca cc s kin ;
Chuyn i d liu v cc nh dng ca d liu theo rt nhiu loi nh dng;
Xy dng nhng b d liu phc tp, cc m hnh phn tch v cc on m t
ng ha cc qu trnh GIS;
S dng cc phng php trnh din, thit k, in n v qun l bn xut bn
bn .
ArcGIS Destop l mt b phn mm ng dng gm: ArcMap, ArcCatalog,
ArcToolbox, ArcScene v ArcGlobe. Khi s dng cc ng dng ny ng thi, ngi s
dng c th thc hin c cc bi ton ng dng GIS bt k, t n gin n phc tp,
bao gm c thnh lp bn , phn tch a l, chnh sa v bin tp d liu, qun l d
liu, hin th v x l d liu.

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Pha trn l giao din ca ArcMap,

ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox trong phn mm
ArcGIS Desktop 10.
Ch : Giao din ca ArcGIS Desktop
10 c cht thay i so vi phin bn trc
ch ArcCatalog c th m trc tip v thao
tc ngay trong ca s ArcMap.

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ArcCatalog dng lu tr, qun l v to mi cc d liu a l:

To mi mt c s d liu;
Explore v tim kim d liu;
Xc nh h thng ta cho c s d liu.
ArcMap dng xy dng, hin th, x l v phn tch cc bn :
To cc bn t rt nhiu cc loi d liu khc nhau;
Truy vn d liu khng gian tm kim v hiu mi lin h gia cc i tng
khng gian;
To cc biu ;
Hin th trang in n.
ArcToolbox cung cp cc cng c x l, xut - nhp cc d liu t cc nh dng khc
nh MapInfo,MicroStation, AutoCad...
6. Nhng ci tin trong AcrGIS Desktop 10
Ngy 9/10/2010, Cng ty TNHH ERSI Vit Nam phi hp vi Cc cng ngh thng tin
(CIREN)- B Ti nguyn Mi trng hi tho gii thiu v nhng nt mi trong ArcGIS
phin bn 10x. Cc chuyn gia ca ESRI Vit Nam nu ln mt s nt ni bt nh sau:
H tr cng ngh nn tng (platform): Phin bn ArcGIS 10 ngoi vic h tr cc nn
tng truyn thng nh: desktop, web cn m rng vic h tr cc ng dng trn nn
Mobile (c bit l iPhone).
Mi trng trin khai: Ngoi vic h tr trin khai trn mi trng cc b (local),
mi trng phn tn (enterprise), phin bn ArcGIS 10 h tr trin khai p ng nhu cu
in ton m my (cloud-computing).
Giao din tng tc: Phin bn ArcGIS 10 c s thay i ln trong giao din tng
tc vi ngi s dng. Ngi s dng ArcMap bin tp d liu GIS gi khng cn m
cng lc hai ng dng ArcMap v ArcCatalog na, v ArcCatalog c tch hp trong
ArcMap nh l mt ca s ring. Ngoi ra vi tt c cc form hin th trn ng dng
ArcMap v ArcCatalog, ngi s dng c th ty bin v tr t ca cc form ny, to nn
s tin li cho ngi s dng.
M hnh d liu: ArcGIS 10 m rng vic h tr n d liu 4 chiu, thm chiu thi
gian i vi d liu to iu kin thun li trong vic lu tr, tra cu, phn tch v x l
cc d liu c s tham gia ca yu t thi gian.
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Tc hin th d liu: c ci thin ng k, nhng lp thng tin ch s dng

lm nn cho cc lp thng tin tng tc s c nhm vo nhm cc lp thng tin nn.
Nhm lp thng tin nn s c cache trc tng tc hin th d liu. Vi d liu
dng raster, cc phin bn trc vic hin th cn tng i chm, th vi phin bn
ArcGIS 10 c ci thin ng k.
II.
Thc hnh trn ArcGIS Desktop 10.
1. Bi thc hnh 1: Lm quen vi phn mm ArcGIS v cc thao tc c bn.

Mi bn trong ArcMap c gi l Map document, mt bn c th c mt hoc
nhiu Data Frames
Data Frame l mt nhm cc lp (Layer) cng c hin th trong mt h quy chiu.
Mi Data Frames c th c mt h quy chiu ring.
Layer l mt t hp cc d liu. Mt layer cha cc ni dung:
D liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh;
ng dn ti d liu (Shapefile, geodatabase...);
Cc tham s hin th nh mu sc, lc nt k hiu...
Cc layer c th c to ra t nhiu ngun d liu khc nhau: Shapefiles, personal
geodatabase, CAD drawings, photo, image.
D liu lu tr trong ArcGIS c lu tr 3 dng: shapefile, coverages,
geodatabase.

T l bn
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Cc hp
cng c
Thanh Tools
Vng hin
th bn
Ca s
Layers
a. M v lu bn mi
C 3 cch m 1 bn mi:
-
S dng
Add Data, cch ny s dng thm d liu cha c bin tp
(cha phi l file bn hon chnh ), c th file nhiu nh dng nh
shapefiles, photo, CAD... vo ArcMap.
S dng cng c
to New Map File, cng c ny ch m c nh dng
file Geodatabase.
S dng cng c , m bn hon chnh, cng c ny ch m c cc file
c nh dng .mxd (ArcMap Document).
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Lu bn :
-
S dng
hoc lnh Ctrl + S lu bn theo v tr mc nh.
S dng lnh File Save As... lu bn n v tr mong mun.
S dng lnh File Save A Copy... lu 1 bn sao ca bn ang bin tp.
Bn c lu di nh dng .mxd (ArcMap Document).

Nu mun lu mt v tr nht nh ( a danh, con ng, im....) trn bn ln
sau m ln m khng cn tm li, c th s dng lnh nh sau
-
Bookmarks
Bookmarks
Bookmarks
Create... Bookmark 1 to mt bookmarks mi.

Bookmarks 1 m bookmark mi to.
Manage... qun l (Load, Save, Remove, Creat) bookmarks.
b. Hin th nhn d liu

C nhiu cch hin th nhn d liu khc nhau:
-
Chut phi vo lp d liu cn hin th nhn, chn Lable Features.
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-
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Chut phi vo lp d liu cn hin th nhn, chn Properties
C th ty chn Field
hin th
C th ty chn mu sc, c ch,

loi k t
12
Lables.

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c. o khong cch
Bi tp v d 1: o khong cch t Tp. H Ch Minh ti Tp. H Ni sau qua Bangkok
S dng cng c Measure
o khong cch, din tch v c tm ta .
Cng c Measure cng cung cp hng dn ta thc hin thao tc c d dng hn.
Measure a line: tm khong cch gia 2
im.
Measure a Area: tm din tch ca khu vc
c chn.
Measure a Feature: tm ta ca mt i
tng.
Lu : trc khi o khong cch ta cn cp
nht ta cho cc lp i tng ny trc.
Khi khng cp nhp ta th cng c ny s
khng hiu c v cho kt qu nh hnh bn
Unknown Units
Kt qu bi tp th hin hnh bn di
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d. Truy vn d liu
ArcMap cung cp cho chng ta nhiu cng c truy vn d liu khc nhau, tuy theo mc
ch m c th s dng cc phng php sau:
-
Cng c truy vn trc tip

vng nhn.
(Indentify) trong Thanh iu chnh bn trong
Bng
Identify
Xem bng thuc tnh trong Attribute Table, th t cc bc t mi tn vo

lp i tng cn xem thuc tnh chut phi Open Attribute Table. S
record chnh l s phn t trong bng thuc tnh. Khi chn cc i tng trong
bng thuc tnh th cc phn t tng ng trn bn s c nh du v sng
hn cc phn t cn li.
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Bng
Attribute
Cc im
c chn
S dng lnh Selection
Select By Attributes... truy vn d liu thuc tnh.
Layer, hin th lp d liu cn truy vn.

Create a new selection, to mt php truy vn
mi
COUNTRY l thuc tnh s dng truy vn.
Like, And, = , >, <, .... l cc php ton truy
vn.
Get Unique Values, hin th cc gi tr ca
thuc tnh .
Go To, nhp gi tr thuc tnh.
Cu lnh c ngha l chn cc thnh ph
(cities) thuc nc (COUNTRY) Vit Nam
(Vietnam).
15

-
S dng lnh Selection
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Select By Location..... truy vn d liu khng gian.
D liu cn truy vn (Target

layer (s)).
D liu gc (Source layer) l
d liu da vo m truy
vn
Use selected features, ch s
dng cc thuc tnh c chn
trc .
Lnh truy vn khng gian
c ngha l tm phn giao ca 2 i

tng
Truy vn ny tip theo ca truy
vn bn trn, c ngha l tm
t nc
no cha 3
thnh ph
va
truy vn lc thuc tnh lc ny.
S dng
chn trc tip i tng t mn hnh hin th, i tng c
chn s c nh du v lm ni trong bng thuc tnh.
B tt c cc selection bng cch vo Attribute Table Table Option Clear
Selection, hoc s dng
trn thanh iu chnh bn .
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Bi tp v d 2: Tm cc ca hng cch ng cao tc nh (minor hightway)50m. Thc

hin trn 2 lp d liu Street v Donut trong th mc Redland.
Mt lu nh: Khi s dng cng c Selection, trc tin ta nn m bng thuc tnh
(Attribute) trc, xem i tng chng ta cn truy vn c nhng thuc tnh no v thuc
tnh no chng ta cn truy vn.
S dng lnh Selection By Attribute... tm cc ng cao tc nh (minor
hightway).
Cc bc thao tc nh sau: Selection Selection By Attribute...
CLASS_DESC= Minor Hightway. Nhng ng sng mu l cc ng c chn.
17

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Tip theo, s dng lnh Select By Location... tm nhng im cch ng cao

tc nh 50m.
Kt qu: S ca hng tha mn iu kin trn gm c 4 ca hng: Donut Factory, Mo Do

Nuts, B & F Donuts, Happy Donuts & Burger.
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2. Bi thc hnh 2: To, chnh sa, chuyn i d liu.

a. To 1 lp d liu mi
Cc bc to nh sau:
M ArcCatalog chut phi New Foder;
Trong Forder chn New Personal Geodatabase;
Trong Personal Geodatabase chn New Feature Class...
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Ca s u tin cho php ta t tn v chn

la loi i tng l Poin, Line, Polygon...
Ca s tip theo cho php ta thm h quy
chiu. C 2 cch thm h quy chiu
1- Import... add theo h quy chiu c
sn ca mt i tng no .
2- New thm h quy chiu mi cho i
tng.
3- Vit Nam thng s dng h quy chiu
WGS 1984, php chiu UTM, zone 48N
(WGS 1984 UTM Zone 48N).
Ca s th 3 cho bit sai s ca php chiu
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Ca s th 5, cho php thm tn v nh dng d

liu cn thit. C 2 cch thm d liu
1- Thm trc tip vo bng sau
2- Import, theo mt i tng c sn trc .
b. S ha bn
S dng
bn
Chn Editor
ha.
(Editor Toolbar) s ha
Start Editing, bt u s
La chn i tng
cn s ha
im khc bit gia

ArcGIS 10 vi cc
phin bn trc l
ca s Featues nm
bn phi ch khng
phi nm trn thanh
Editor.
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Sau r chut ti cc i tng cn s

ha nhp chut tri l i tng
c chn.
Sau khi chn ht cc i tng cn s ha
Save Edit trong thanh Editor Toolbar
Stop Editor kt thc s ha.
Cc i tng c s ha s hin th
trong bng Attribute.
Trong bng Attribute ta c th thm cc
thuc tnh nh ta (poin), din tch
(polygon)... nu nh ban u cha to cho
i tng.
Vo
(Table Option) Add Field...
thm thuc tnh cho i tng.
Trong ca s Add Field, ta c th t tn v loi
thuc tnh (short interger, text...). Lu phi tt
Editor mi Add Feild c.
Calculate Geometry, dng tnh ton gi tr
thuc tnh ca field va to.
22

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c. Chuyn i d liu trong ArcGIS

Nh chng ta bit th d liu GIS n t nhiu ngun khc nhau nh CAD, Map Info,
photo, image...nhng ArcGIS qun l nhng nh dng nht nh nh shapefile, pesonal
geodatabase... nng cao tnh tin li ArcGIS cung cp cho chng ta gi cc cng c
chuyn i d liu t cc nh dng khc
sang cc nh dng m ArcGIS qun l.
Bi tp v d 3:Chuyn i d liu
Trong bi thc hnh, chng ta s tin
hnh chuyn i d liu t CAD sang
Shapefile, hoc pesonal geodatabase.
D liu u vo l d liu
phuong1.DWG.
bt u chuyn i d liu ta m
ArcToolbox, trong AcrToolbox ta chn
hp cng c Data Management Tools
Features Feature To Polygon. Lu :
ty theo mc ch chuyn i sang loi d
liu g m ta chn Feature To Polygon hay
l To Poin, To Line... chng hn.
Ca s pha bn di l ca s ca
Feature To Polygon, sau khi thm y
cc thng s bm OK, mt lc sau nu biu tng
xut hin bn gc di bn phi mn hnh th qu trnh chuyn i tin hnh xong.
23

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D liu u vo
Cc cng c ty chnh
nh add, xa, di
chuyn ln xung
24

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Trc chuyn i
D liu CAD, ch yu l
dng line
Sau khi chuyn i

D liu Shapefile dng
polygon
25

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Sau khi chuyn i

D liu Shapefile
dng lines
Nh ni t phn u, ArcToolbox cung cp cho ta nhiu cch chuyn i d liu

khc nhau, khng nhng c th chuyn t file CAD sang Shapefiel, m cn c th
chuyn t Shapefile Polygon sang Shape Polyline (Polygon To Line)...
Ngoi nhng cng c trong hp
Features, hp cng c General cng
cung cp cho chng ta mt s cng c
khc chuyn i d liu. tuy nhin,
2 hp cng c ny khc ch General
ch p dng cho cc i tng c cng
thuc tnh ( im, ng, vng )
V d: Merge, dng hp nht 2
i tng khc nhau thnh 1 i
tng mi dng shapefile.
Append, dng ni i tng
ny vi i tng khc cng thuc
tnh.
Nu mun trch xut bn va
chuyn i. Vo Data Export
Data... chn ni lu OK
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3. Bi thc hnh 3: Phng php truy vn c s d liu.

Trong t chc c s d liu ca GIS, d liu thuc tnh v d liu khng gian c
lu tr trong cng mt c s d liu v c quan h cht ch vi nhau. Cc php truy vn
c th tin hnh truy vn trn 1 lp hay nhiu lp cng nh c thuc tnh khng gian v
thuc tnh.
Bi thc hnh u tin, chng ta ni s v truy vn d liu do bi ny s i
chuyn su hn vo cc thut ton truy vn.
Lp d liu s dng trong bi ny l 2 lp i tng l donut v street trong th
mc Redland.
27

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Bi tp v d 4 : Tm ng giao thng m trong tn c k t th 2 l A.

Thc hin tun t theo cc bc sau:
1- Selection Select By Attributes..., ca s truy vn xut hin.
2- Nhp dng lnh "STR_NAME" LIKE '_A%'
3- OK
Ch gii dng lnh trn nh sau:

STR_NAME: l tn thuc tnh cn truy vn
LIKE
k t.
: l lnh truy vn, c ngha l tm chui
: i din cho 1 k t
: k t A v tr th 2 trong chui k t
: i din vi n k t
Kt
qu
truy
vn
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Bi tp v d 5: Hin th cities, country trong C/student/Word

1- Xc nh 3 thnh ph thuc Vit Nam.
2- Xc nh quc gia chung ng bin gii vi Vit Nam, xp th t 3 thnh ph c
s dn ng nht.
3- Trong bn knh 1000 km t cc quc gia trn c bao nhiu quc gia, quc gia no
c din tch nh nht
D liu
u vo
Bi lm
1- Selection Select By Attribute.., sau nhp
dng lnh "COUNTRY" = 'Vietnam' OK
Kt qu: C 3 thnh ph l H Ni, Hi Phng v Tp.H
Ch Minh.
29

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
2- Selection Select By Location.., thc hin nh

hnh bn cnh.
Lnh truy vn ny c tc dng l chn ra quc gia
m cha (intersect) 3 thnh ph va chn ban ny.
Kt qu: Vit Nam
Tip theo tm cc quc gia chung bin gii vi Vit Nam. C 2 cch trong trng
hp ny
Cch 1
D liu cn tm
D liu gc
Lnh truy vn
...within a distance of the Source layer...
tc l truy vn d liu da vo khong cch,
y ta cn cc quc gia c chung bin gii,
tc khong cch bng 0
30

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Cch 2
D liu cn tm v d liu gc l ging
cch trn
Lnh truy vn
...touch the boundary of the Source layer...
tc l c chung ng ranh gii, nn khng cn
quy nh khong cch.
Kt qu: Vit Nam, Lo, Cambuchia, Trung
Quc.
Chn 3 thnh ph c s dn ng nht trong cc nc trn

u tin chn ra cc thnh ph trong cc
quc gia va truy vn pha trn bng cng c
Select By Location nh hnh bn
Tip theo, m bng Attribute ca lp
cities, tm n thuc tnh
POPULATION, s dng
sp
xp theo th t gim dn.
Kt qu:
Shanghai 9300000 dn;
Beijing 6450000 dn;
Tianjin 4880000 dn.
31

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Trong bn knh 1000 km c bao nhiu quc gia v quc gia no c din tch nh
nht
u tin chn ra cc quc gia trong phm vi
1000 km. s dng lnh truy vn ....within a
distance od Source... vi khong cch l 1000
km.
Sau m bng Attibute ca lp country,
s dng
hin th cc quc gia c chn
ring. Tm n thuc tnh SQKM_CNTRY
sp theo
,dng
th nh n ln.
Kt qu: C tng cng 41 quc gia. Macau c

din tch nh nht l 12898 km2.
KT QU
TRUY
VN
32

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Bi tp v d 6: Tnh tng dn s ca cc thnh ph

theo tng quc gia
Bi ny chng ta s dng cng c Summary
Statistics trong Arc Toolbox
Lm tip theo bi tp trn, s dng Select
By Location chn cc thnh ph trong
cc quc gia . Kt qu:131 thnh ph trong
31 quc gia.
Duyt theo th t sau: Arc Toolbox
Analysis Tools Statistics Summary
Statistics
Ca s Summary Statistics
- Input Table: i tng thng k.
- Statistics Field: Trng cn thng
k.
- Stactistics Typ: kiu thng k nh
SUM, MEAN, MIN, MAX....
- Case field: Tiu ch dng thng
k.
33

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu thng k
34

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
4. Bi thc hnh 4: Ni suy, xc nh cc ng ng mc.

u tin, ta cn bt chc nng Spatial Analyst trong ArcMap ln.
-
Vo Customize
Vo Customize
Extensions Spatial Analyst

Toolbars Spatial Analyst
Thanh Toolbars ny
cn c th m bng
cch chut ln v
chut phi
Sau khi thc hin cc thao tc trc

xong th thanh cng c Spatial Analyst
s xut hin.
35

-
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Trong ArcToolbox cng cung cp cho chng ta mt b

cng c Spatial Analyst Tools
Chng ta s thc hnh trn d liu Soilsamp.shp

Add d liu theo ng dn D:\du lieu GIS\Spatial
Analyst\SPATIAL\SOILSAMP.shp
a. Ni suy
Trong ArcToolbox cung cp cho ta nhiu phng php ni suy
khc nhau, nhng chng ta i c th 3 phng php l IDW;
Kriging; Sline. M hp cng c ni suy nh sau
ArcToolbox
Spatial Analyst Tools
Interpolation
IDW (Inverse Distance Weight)

Phng php IDW xc nh cc gi tr cell bng cch tnh
trung bnh cc gi tr ca cc im mu trong vng ln cn ca
mi cell. im cng gn im trung tm (m ta ang xc nh) th
cng c nh hng nhiu hn. Chng hn, kh nng tiu dng ca
khch hng s gim theo khong cch (n ca hng).
Cng thc ni suy :
Trong dij l khong cch khng gian gia 2 im th i v th j, s m p cng cao th

mc nh hng ca cc im xa cng thp v mt s xem nh khng ng k, thng
thng p = 2.
36

-
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Input poin features: lp d

liu vo.
Z value feild: thuc tnh dng
ni suy.
Output cell size: gi tr im
nh.
Power: bc ni suy
Search radius: bn knh tm
kim. Bn knh ny gii hn s
lng im mu c s dng
tnh cell c ni suy.
C hai loi bn knh tm kim : c nh

(fixed) v bin i (variable).
Variable search radius
S lng cc im mu c
nh(Number of Poin) v khong cch tm kim ln nht (Maximum distance). Bn knh
bin thin tm cc im mu gn nht vi khong cch tm kim ln nht cho n khi s
lng im thu c y . Nu s lng im mu phi thu c khng bn trong
khong cch tm kim ln nht th ch c nhng im mu thu c l c dng cho ni
suy.
Fixed search radius
L bn knh vi mt s lng im mu
nh nht (Minimum number of poins) v
mt khong cch xc nh (Distance). Khi
s lng im mu khng trong bn
knh ny th n s t ng ni rng ra
chng no s im mu b nht c th.
-
Barrier polyline (vng che chn)
Mt barrier l mt tp polyline nh mt s gin on gii hn vng tm kim im mu.

Mt polyline c th l mt vch , mt ngn ni, hay mt s vt che chn khc trong
vng (landscape). Khi xut hin yu t ny th ch c nhng im mu cng pha vi n
v cell ang kho st mi c xem xt.
37

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu ni suy theo Variable search radius vi s lng im l 12 v khng

quy nh bn knh tm kim.
38

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu ni suy theo Fixed search radius vi khong cch l 5 v s im ti

thiu l 5.
39

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kriging
Cc phn nh Input, Z value field, Output cell size, Search radius tng t nh
phng php trn.
C 2 phng php ni suy Kriging l Ordinary v Universal
Mi phng php li c cc m hnh hay cn gi l thut ton khc nhau:
Ordinary: Spherial; circular; exponential; gaussian; linear.
Universal: linear with linear drift; linear with Quadratic drift.
40

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu ni suy theo phng php Ordinary, m hnh linear.
41

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Sline
Spline thit lp cc gi tr s dng mt hm ton hc lm ti thiu ton b b mt cong,
kt qu l mt b mt un cong i qua tt c cc im mu.
Phng php ny thch hp cho cc b mt thay i nh nhng nh cao (elevation),
cao mc nc ngm (water table heights), nng nhim (pollution concentrations).
Cc phn Input, Z value field, Output cell size tng t nh phng php trn.
C hai phng php spline khc nhau : Regularized v Tension
Regularized : to b mt trn thay i dn dn vi cc gi tr c th nm bn ngoi vng
im mu.
Tension : iu chnh s bin i (stiffness) ca b mt theo c trng ca hin tng
c ly mu. N to mt b mt t trn hn vi cc gi tr im mu gn nhau nhng
chnh lch ln.
Weight (trng s)
i vi phng php Regularized, trng s (>= 0) ca cc o hm cp 3 ca b mt
trong biu thc ti thiu ho cong. Cc gi tr thng dng: 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, v 0.5.
Gi tr trng s cng cao th b mt cng trn.
i vi pp Tension, ngc li vi phng php u, trng s cng cao th b mt cng
th (thng thng l 0, 1, 5, 10).
S lng im tnh ton cho mi cell ni suy cng l yu t quan trng cho tnh trn ca
b mt.
Number of points: s lng im dng ni suy
42

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
43

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu ni suy theo phng php Regularized, trng s l 0.5, s lng

im l 12.
b. Xc nh mc chnh xc ca phng php ni suy

xc nh mc chnh xc ta chn ra 7 im (0, 15, 29, 44, 58, 60, 62) to ra
mt lp d liu mi kim tra.
Ly gi tr im thc so vi gi tr im ni suy cng mt v tr, sau ly sai s
trung bnh, phng php no sai s nh nht th ly.
44

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Cc bc nh sau
To mt lp d liu im mi gm 7 im 0, 15, 29, 44, 58, 60, 62, t tn l
Kimtra.
- Vo bng Attribute chn ra 7 im ny. Sau tt i.
Vo Data
Export Data...
Export t nhng i tng c

chn.
45

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Yes : add data va

export vo layer hin c.
To thm mt lp d liu mi t lp d liu Soilsamp nhng b i 7 im ni

trn, t tn l ni suy.
- Sau khi chn c 7 im trn, ta dng vo Table Options Switch Selection,
chn ra cc i tng khng c chn lc u.
- Sau Export Data nh trn, t tn l Ni suy
46

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Tip theo, ni suy lp d liu nisuy va to. chn php ni suy IDW vi 2 bc
ni suy khc nhau l 2 v 3. Cc im to v en l cc im kim tra.
Ni suy bc 2
Ni suy bc 3
47

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
So snh gi tr ca cc im ni suy vi im thc trn lp kimtra.

-
Dng cng c truy vn trc tip

ghi nhn gi tr ti cc im kim tra.
Tnh trung bnh sai s ca cc im kim tra, sai s cng nh phng php cng
chnh xc.
Nhp gi tr vo Excel tnh trung bnh sai s.
T kt qu tnh ton, ta thy phng php ni suy bc 3 c chnh xc cao hn

ni suy bc 2.
c. Xc nh ng ng mc
Hm Histogram cho bit tn sut xut hin ca gi tr . S dng
histogram.
48
v hm

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
C 2 cch v ng contour:
1- S dng cng c
trong thanh cng c Spatial Analyst.
2- S dng lnh contour trong ArcToolbox.
Contour Interval l khong cch gia cc ng

contour.
Base contour l ng contour nn.
Z factor l gi tr Z ca lp d liu m ta cn to
contour.
49

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu sau khi v ng contour vi khong chia l 0.1
50

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
5. Bi thc hnh 5: Phn tch 3D

Thc hnh trn d liu 3D trong mc Spatial Analyst
Add Data theo ng dn D:\du lieu GIS\Spatial Analyst\3D\site1, trong th mc
ny chng ta s thc hnh vi 3 lp d liu chnh l masspntz.shp; bldg.shp;
brklinz.shp.
a. TIN
Xy dng TIN bng cng c Create TIN trong ArcToolbox. Ch : TIN c to nn
t tp hp cc im nn d liu u vo phi dng poin.
51

SV: Vi Khanh_90904279_C
Khanh_90904279_Ca2
GVHD: Ks.L
Ks.L Th Dung
Do cc cng c trong 3D Analyst Tools ch

ch chp nhn Input dng Raster nn ta
cn thm mt bc chuyn i d liu t TIN sang Raster theo ng dn
n ArcToolbox
3D Analyst Tools Coversion From TIN TIN to Raster
52

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Input l lp d liu TIN va to. Loi d liu ra (Output Data Type) FLOAT hoc
INT. Phng php chuyn i (Method) gm c LINEAR v NATURAL-NEIGHBORS.
b. Contour: ng ng mc
Xy dng ng contour. Coutour l ng cong i qua cc im c cng gi tr z, z
khng nht thit l cao m ta c th gn bt c thuc tnh no cho bin z.
Input l lp d liu raster va to. Contour interval khong cch gia 2 ng
contour.
Ngoi ra, c th s dng cng c Create Contour ngay trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst
53

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
54

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
c. Slope
55

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
d. Aspect
56

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
e. Steepest Path
f. Line of Sight
57

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
g. Hin th 3D: Thc hin trn ArcScene

M ArcScene bng 2 cch nh sau:
-
M bng biu tng

ngay trn thanh cng c 3D Analyst.
Theo ng dn C/ArcGIS/ArcScene 10
Giao din ArcScene
58

-
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Thay i mu sc ca lp d liu
Vo Properties... Thanh Symbology Add
chn phng php hin th Add Dismiss
59
trong ca s Add Renderer,

Apply OK

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Hin th chng lp: Hin th thm 2 lp d liu brklinz.shp; bldg.shp trong

th mc site1.
Lp d liu blgd.shp i din cho cc ta nh nn phi nm bn trn mt t.

u tin chng ta cn a lp d liu ny ln mt t, sau thm tham s cao
cho cc ta nh hin th c r rng hn.
Thc hin theo cc bc sau:
- Vo Properties thanh Base Heights nh vo Floating on a custom
surface thay th cho No elevation values from a surface OK
- Vo thanh Extrusion nh du vo Extrude features in layer...... dng
nhp d liu
[SRORIES] * 30, c ngha l mi tng cao 30m
60
OK

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
61

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
62

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Lp d liu brklinz.shp, i din cho ng dy din v ng ng nc. Khi

hin th c th i tn d phn bit. Chng ta s hin th lp d liu dy din
cao 50m v lp ng ng nc ngm 20m.
- Vo thanh Base Heights Layer offset Nhp gi tr vo vung bn di, nu
nm m di t th - pha trc gi tr .
63

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
6. Bi thc hnh 6: Phn tch mng (Network Analyst)

a. To mt Network mi.
Mt Netword mi c to trong AcrCatalog .
Vo th mc Network chn lp d liu s_fran,
nhp chut phi vo New Network Dataset to
mt network mi.
Trc khi to Network ta cn phi kch hot chc
nng Network trong ArcCatalog.
Customize
Extensions
nh du vo Network Analyst
64

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Trong qu trnh to, cng c ny cho php ta t tn lp d liu mi, hiu chnh mt
s thng v thuc tnh d liu.
Qu trnh to Network mi
thnh cng s to c 2 lp d liu
mi l Mang_giao_thong dng line
v Mang_giao_thong_Junctions
dng poin
Kt qu:
65

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Ban
u
66

b.
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Phn tch mng trong ArcMap.

Add lp d liu Mang_giao_thong va to vo AcrMap.
Kch hot chc nng phn tch mng trong ArcMap.
Vo Customize Extensions nh du vo Network Analyst.
Vo Customize (hoc chut phi ) Toolbars tch vo Analyst m thanh
Network ln.
to mt l trnh mi, vo biu tng

Dng
m ca s Network Analyst.
to mt a im mi, ta chn Stops (trong
Network Analyst Window) + Located (trong
Table of Contents) +
Analyst) khi to.
(trong thanh Network
S dng
hoc cng c trong Solve trong
ArcTollbox ( Network Analyst Analyst
Solve) to ng i n cc im.
67
chn New Route

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Dng cng c
(Directions) xem thng tin ng i. Thng k c tng
chiu di on ng l 2.9 mile, i mt 15 min.
68

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Nu mun thng k bng nhng

n v khc nh Km hay
Hour ta c th vo Directions
Options thay i.
to nhng im cn tr ( tc
l cc im khng th i qua) ta
chn Poin Barriers ( trong
Network Analyst Window) +
Restriction (trong Table of
Contents) +
(trong thanh
Network Analyst) khi to.
S dng
chn hoc di
chuyn cc im.
Ngoi ra cn c th to c cc
ng hay vng cn tr trong
Network Analyst Window.
So snh gia hnh trang 64 v
hnh bn di ta s thy s khc bit, ng i s trnh cc im Barriers v i
ng khc.
69

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
c. Add mt lp d liu im mi vo Network hin hnh.

u tin, chn lp chn lp d liu im del_loc.shp add vo ArcMap.
Trong Network Analyst Window, chut phi ti Stops chn Load Locations.
70

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Nhp vo
hoc trong thanh Table of Contents Route chut phi
hin th Layer Properties
- PropertiesImpedance: chn qun l theo thuc tnh no.
- Reorder Stops To Find Optimal Route tm ng i ngn nht.
71

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
ng i to ra ban u
Sau khi s dng cng c tm ng i ngn nht.
72

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
d. Bi ton tm bnh vin gn nht.

Add lp d liu Hospital.shp vo network hin
hnh.
- Vo Network Analyst New Closest Facility.
- Add lp Hospital.shp vo mc Facilities nh
hng dn mc c.
73

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Chn Incidents (trong Network Analyst Window)+

Analyst) to vi im tai nn.
S dng
(trong thanh Network
to ng i t cc im tai nn n nhng bnh vin gn nht.
Dng cng c
(Directions) xem thng tin ng i t a im tai nn n
cc bnh vin gn nht..
74

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
e. Tm vng dch v
Vo Network Analyst New Sevice Area
Chn Facilities (trong Network Analyst
Window)+
(trong thanh Network Analyst)
to cc im c s khoang vng dch v.
Nhp vo
m Layer Properties
Vng dch v c to nn da vo 1 trong 2
yu t l qung ng v thi gian.
75

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
C 2 phng php to vng dch v l i ra im dch v (Away Form Facility)

v tin li gn im dch v (Towards Facility)
Sau dng Solve
to vng dch v.
76

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Bn sau khi to vng dch v
77

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
7. Bi thc hnh 7: Lm quen vi cc php tnh trn Raster.

a. C s l thuyt
S liu ma
S ha, Raster ha
H s K
Bn h s
K
S ha, Raster ha
M hnh
DEM
Nhn cc lp bn
Bn xi mn
tim nng
Bn
HSSD t
Bn a
hnh
Bn t
Bn h s
C
Bn h s
LS
Nhn cc lp bn
Bn hin trng xi mn t
78
Bn h s
P

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Phng trnh xc nh lng t mt i do xi mn ( W.H. Wischmeier, 1959)

A=R*K*L*S*C*P
Trong :
A: lng dt mt do xi mn.
R: h s xi mn do ma.
K: h s xi mn do t.
L: h s xi mn ca chiu di sn dc.
S:h s xi mn ca dc.
C: lp ph thc vt
b. Cc bc tin hnh trn ArcGIS
Add Data theo ng dn Folder Connections
Tinh_toan_Raster lvsSG dem_lvssg
Tm Slope: Vo ArcToolbox Spatial
Analyst Surface Slope m cng
c Slope.
Input Raster: dem_lvssg
Output Raster: Heso_S
Z factor (optinal): 2
79
Spatial Anlyst

Tm Aspect: Vo ArcToolbox
lnh Aspect.
Input Raster: Heso_S
Output Raster: Heso_A
GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Spatial Analyst
80
Surface
Aspect m

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Tm Slow Accumulation (Dng chy tch ly): Vo ArcToolbox

Analyst Hydrology Flow Accumulation.
Input Raster: dem_lvssg
Output Raster: Heso_F
Output data type (optional): FLOAT
81
Spatial

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Add thm 2 lp d liu lopfu3.shp v thonhuonglvSG.shp theo ng dn Folder

Connections Spatial Anlyst Tinh_toan_Raster lopfu3.shp;
thonhuonglvSG.shp
Chuyn i 2 lp d liu ny sang Raster: M cng c ny trong ArcToolbox
Conversion Tools To Raster Feature To Raster.
Chuyn i lp d liu lopfu3.shp
Input Features: lopfu3
Field: hesoC
Output Raster: Heso_C
82

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Chuyn i lp d liu thonhuonglvSG.shp

Input Features: thonhuonglvSG.shp
Field: hesoK
Output Raster: Heso_K
83

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Phng trnh xc nh lng t mt i do xi mn

A=R*K*L*S*C*P
R = 0.5 ; P = 0.7
M L * S = F (Flow Accumulation) * S (Slope) * A (Acpect)
Nn suy ra c: A = R * K * F * S * A * C * P
S dng cng c Raster Calculator
84

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Kt qu sau khi tnh ton: Bn mt t do xi mn
85

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung
Bin tp thnh mt bn hon chnh
86

BC TH C Hành PT GIS - Đ Vi Khanh - 90904279 - Ca2

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Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Gii thiu chung v GIS v phn mm ArcGIS ..................................................... 3

Cc chc nng c bn ca GIS ........................................................................... 3

Phn mm ArcGIS ............................................................................................... 3

Cu trc d liu trong ArcGIS. .......................................................................... 4

Phn mm ArcGIS Desktop ................................................................................ 5

Nhng ci tin trong AcrGIS Desktop 10 .......................................................... 8

II. Thc hnh trn ArcGIS Desktop 10. ....................................................................... 9

Bi thc hnh 1: Lm quen vi phn mm ArcGIS v cc thao tc c bn. . 9

Hin th nhn d liu ...................................................................................... 11

o khong cch ............................................................................................... 13

Truy vn d liu ............................................................................................... 14

Bi thc hnh 2: To, chnh sa, chuyn i d liu. .................................... 19

Chuyn i d liu trong ArcGIS ................................................................... 23

Bi thc hnh 3: Phng php truy vn c s d liu................................... 27

Bi thc hnh 4: Ni suy, xc nh cc ng ng mc. ............................. 35

Xc nh mc chnh xc ca phng php ni suy ................................. 44

Bi thc hnh 5: Phn tch 3D .......................................................................... 51

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Steepest Path .................................................................................................... 57

Line of Sight ..................................................................................................... 57

Hin th 3D: Thc hin trn ArcScene ........................................................... 58

Bi thc hnh 6: Phn tch mng (Network Analyst) .................................... 64

To mt Network mi. ..................................................................................... 64

Phn tch mng trong ArcMap. ...................................................................... 67

Add mt lp d liu im mi vo Network hin hnh. ................................ 70

Bi ton tm bnh vin gn nht. .................................................................... 73

Tm vng dch v ............................................................................................. 75

Bi thc hnh 7: Lm quen vi cc php tnh trn Raster. .......................... 78

Cc bc tin hnh trn ArcGIS .................................................................... 79

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Nhp v bin i cc d liu a l;

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

4. Cu trc d liu trong ArcGIS.

Points l cc cp ta (x,y) hay b ba (x,y,z) vi z l gi tr biu din cho

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

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- Lines l tp hp ca cc ta nh ngha mt hnh dng.

Ra cc quyt nh chun xc hn da trn cc d liu a l;

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ArcEditor: L b sn phm c nhiu chc nng hn, dng chnh sa v qun l d

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Pha trn l giao din ca ArcMap,

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ArcCatalog dng lu tr, qun l v to mi cc d liu a l:

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Tc hin th d liu: c ci thin ng k, nhng lp thng tin ch s dng

Thc hnh trn ArcGIS Desktop 10.

1. Bi thc hnh 1: Lm quen vi phn mm ArcGIS v cc thao tc c bn.

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GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Bo co thc hnh phn tch GIS

GVHD: Ks.L Th Dung

Bn c lu di nh dng .mxd (ArcMap Document).

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