N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

LI M U
Cng ngh ha hc cng nh cc sn phm ca n c nh hng rt ln
n nhiu ngnh sn xut khc. Trong metylic l mt sn phm kh c
quan tm. Trong quy trnh sn xut, metylic thng c chng ct t
c nng cao, tha mn nhu cu s dng v tit kim chi ph vn chuyn,
lu tr.
Nhim v ca n ny l thit k h thng chng ct methanol bng
thp m c nng sut 6480 kg/h, nhp liu nhit si vi nng 30% ,
sn phm nh c nng 97%, sn phm y c nng 4% khi
lng/khi lng. H thng c gia nhit bng hi nc c p sut 2 at.
Vic thc hin n l mt c hi tt sinh vin h thng ha cc kin
thc hc cng nh lm quen vi vic la chn tnh ton cc thit b thc t.
Thc hin n l mt bc sinh vin lm quen vi cng vic ca mt k
s trong tng lai.
n ny c thc hin di s gip v hng dn trc tip ca c
Phm Th Thu Hoi. Em xin chn thnh cm n s hng dn v gip ca
c trong thi gian qua em c th hon thnh n ny.

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

MC LC
A. GII THIU 4
I. S B V QU TRNH CHNG CT ..4
II. S LC V NGUYN LIU ...5
2.1. Methanol ...5
2.2. Nc ..5
2.3. ng dng ca methanol .5
B. QUY TRNH CNG NGH 5
C. TNH TON THIT B CHNH .7
I. CN BNG VT CHT .7
II. PHNG TRNH LM VIC CA THP ...8
III. CN BNG NNG LNG ..10
3.1. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b un nng hn hp u 10
3.2. Cn bng nhit lng ca thp chng luyn 11
3.3. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b ngng t hon ton ..11
3.4. Cn bng nhit lng ca thit b lm lnh 12
IV. NG KNH THP M 12
4.1. Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp .12
4.1.1. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn 12
4.1.2. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng.. 13
4.2. Khi lng ring trung bnh 14
4.2.1. Khi lng ring trung bnh pha lng 14
4.2.2. Khi lng ring trung bnh pha hi 15
4.3. Tc hi i trong thp ..15

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

4.4. ng knh thp m ..16

V. CHIU CAO THP M. 16
5.1. Chiu cao on luyn ..17
5.1.1. S n v chuyn khi on luyn 17
5.1.2. Chiu cao mt n v chuyn khi on luyn.. 18
5.2. Chiu cao on chng ..19
5.2.1. S n v chuyn khi on chng ..19
5.2.2. Chiu cao mt n v chuyn khi on chng .20
VI. TR LC CA THP M ...21
VII. TNH BN THP M.. 22
7.1. Tnh b dy thn thp ...22
7.2. Tnh y, np ..23
7.3. Tnh mt bch ..23
7.4. Tnh tai treo 25
7.5. Tnh chn ..26
VIII. TNH CC NG DN .26
8.1. ng nhp liu .26
8.2. ng hi lu sn phm nh .26
8.3. ng tho sn phm y ..27
8.4. ng ly hi nh ..27
8.5. ng hi y .27
D. TNH TON THIT B PH ...28
I. THIT B GIA NHIT HN HP U ...28
II. THIT B NGNG T SN PHM NH .29
III. TNH THNG CAO V V BM 30
IV. THIT B GIA NHIT SN PHM Y 33

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

E. AN TON LAO NG .34

I. PHNG CHNG CHY N ..34
1.1. Nhng nguyn nhn gy chy n trc tip .36
1.2. Cc bin php phng chng chy n ..36
II. AN TON IN 36
2.1. Cc nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn in.. 36
2.2. Cc bin php phng tai nn in 37
F. TI LIU THAM KHO ...37

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

A. GII THIU
I. S B V QU TRNH CHNG CT
Chng ct l qu trnh dng tch cc cu t ca mt hn hp lng cng nh
hn hp kh lng thnh cc cu t ring bit da vo bay hi khc nhau ca cc
cu t trong hn hp. Thay v a vo trong hn hp mt pha mi to nn s tip
xc gia hai pha nh trong qu trnh hp th hoc nh kh, trong qu trnh chng ct,
pha mi c to nn bng s bc hi hoc ngng t.
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu sn phm v thng th bao nhiu cu t s
thu c by nhiu sn phm. Sn phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln
v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi b. Sn phm y ch yu gm cu t c
bay hi b v mt phn rt t cu t c bay hi ln.
i vi h metylic nc th sn phm nh ch yu l methanol, sn phm
y ch yu l nc.
Cc phng php chng ct thng c phn loi da vo p sut lm vic
( p sut thp, p sut thng, p sut cao), nguyn l lm vic (chng ct n gin,
chng bng hi nc trc tip, chng ct) hay da vo phng php cp nhit (trc
tip hay gin tip). Vic la chn cc phng php chng ct ty thuc vo tnh cht
l ha ca sn phm. i vi h methanol nc ta chn phng php chng ct lin
tc, cp nhit gin tip bng ni un p sut thng.
Trong sn xut thng dng nhiu loi thit b khc nhau tin hnh chng ct.
Tuy nhin yu cu chung ca cc thit b vn ging nhau l b mt tip xc pha phi
ln. iu ny ph thuc vo mc phn tn ca pha ny vo pha kia. Ta kho st
hai loi thp thng dng l thp mm v thp m.

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Thp mm: thn hnh tr, thng ng, pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to

khc nhau trn pha lng v pha hi tip xc vi nhau. Ty theo cu to ca mm
ta c thp mm chp hay thp mm xuyn l.
Thp m: thp tr gm nhiu bc ni vi nhau bng bch hay hn. Vt chm
c cho vo thp bng hai phng php xp ngu nhin hay c th t.
So snh u nhc im ca hai loi thp

Thp m
- Cu to n gin

Thp mm chp
- Kh n nh

Thp mm xuyn l
- Tr lc tng i

im

- Tr lc thp

- Hiu sut cao

thp

- Lm vic c vi

- Hiu sut cao

cht
Nhc

lng bn
- Do c hiu ng - Tr lc ln

- Khng lm vic

im

thnh nn

- Kt cu phc

hiu sut truyn khi tp

vi cht lng bn

thp

- Kt cu phc tp.

- n nh khng
cao, kh
vn hnh.
- Thit b nng n
Trong n ny ta s dng thp m vi vng m Raschig xp ngu nhin vi
kch thc 25x25x3.0
II. S LC V NGUYN LIU
2.1. Metylic

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Metylicl cht lng khng mu, tan v hn trong nc, c mi c trng, rt c.

Mt lng nh methanol c th gy m la, lng ln gy t vong. Methanol c
cng thc phn t CH3OH, phn t lng 32 vC. Metylic c cc tnh cht l ha
sau:
- Nhit si: 64.5oC
- Khi lng ring 20oC: = 791.7 kg/m3
- nht 20oC: = 0.6 x 10-3 N.s/m2 = 0.6 cP
- H s dn nhit 20oC: = 0.179 kcal/m.h. = 0.2082 W/m.
- Nhit dung ring 20oC: Cp = 2570 J/kg.
2.2. Nc
Nc l cht lng khng mu, khng mi, khng v. Cng thc phn t H 2O,
phn t lng 18vC.
- Nhit si: 100oC
- Khi lng ring 20oC: = 998 kg/m3
- nht 20oC: = 1 x 10-3 N.s/m2 = 1cP
- H s dn nhit 20oC: = 0.597 W/m.
- Nhit dung ring 20oC: Cp = 4180 J/kg.
2.3. ng dng ca metylic
Metylic c th ha tan vi nc, alcohol, ester, ether, ketol v hu ht cc dung
mi hu c. Do , metylic thng c dng lm dung mi v nguyn liu sn
xut nhng cht hu c khc vi s lng ln.
Metylic c i lc c bit vi Carbon dioxide v hydrogen sulfide, y c
xem l dung mi trong qu trnh lm ngt kh Rectisol. Mang tnh phn cc trong t
nhin, methanol thng to hn hp cng ph vi nhiu hp cht. Mettylic lm gim
nhit hnh thnh ca hydrate kh t nhin, nn c s dng l cht chng ng
trong ng ng.

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Metylic c dng sn xut formaldehyde, chim khong 40% lng tiu th

methanol trn th gii. Ti M, vai tr ca metylic c tng cao do c s dng
trong nhin liu
oxygenated vi MTBE. Mt ng dng quan trng khc ca methanol l sn xut acid
acetic; ngoi ra, n cn c dng lm dung mi v ha cht trung gian.
Ngoi ra methanol cn c dng lm nguyn liu sn xut nhng ha cht khc,
nh dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), methyl methacrylate, methylamine, v methyl
halogenur. ng dng mi y nht l ng dng trong nng nghip, phun trc tip
vo cy trng kch thch s pht trin ca cy.
B. QUY TRNH CNG NGH
1 : Thng cha hn hp u
2 : Bm cht lng
3 : Thng cao v
4 : Lu lng k
5 : Thit b gia nhit hn hp u
6 : Thp chng ct
7 : Thit b ngng t
8 : Thit b lm ngui
9 : Thng cha sn phm
10 : Ni un Kettle
11: Thng cha hn hp y
12 : By hi

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Hn hp t thng cha (1) c bm ly tm (2) chuyn ln thng cao v (3). T

thng cao v, hn hp c cho chy t nhin xung thit b gia nhit ng chm. Sau
khi qua thit b gia nhit hn hp t c nhit si v c a vo thp chng
ct a tip liu.Trn a nhp liu, cht lng t hn hp u c trn vi phn
lng i xung t on luyn.
Trong thp, pha hi i t di ln, pha lng i t trn xung, y c s tip xc
gia hai pha. Trong on chng, cng i xung di, nng cu t d bay hi trong
pha lng cng gim do b cu t d bay hi trong pha hi t ni un (10) i ln li
cun. Hi cng ln cao th nhit cng gim do cu t c nhit si cao l
nc s ngng t li i xung di. Cu t c nhit si thp l metylic s li ko
cc cu t metylic trong pha lng i ln trn. Sn phm nh l hi cha ch yu l
methanol v mt phn nh hi nc. Hi nh c dn qua thit b ngng t (7).
Mt phn lng c hi lu vo thp chng ct cn phn ln c cho vo thit b
lm ngui (8) v c a vo thng cha sn phm nh. Hn hp y cha ch
yu l nc c a vo ni un Kettle. Hi t ni un c a tr li vo thp.
Sn phm y sau khi qua ni un c a vo thit b lm ngui v chuyn v
thng cha sn phm y (11).
C. TNH TON THIT B CHNH
I. CN BNG VT CHT
Quy c:
- F, P, W: ln lt l hn hp u vo, nh v y
- GF: lu lng hn hp u vo, kmol/h
- GP: lu lng sn phm nh, kmol/h
- GW: lu lng sn phm y, kmol/h
- GR: lng cht lng hi lu, kmol/h
- MF: khi lng phn t trung bnh hn hp u vo

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

- MP: khi lng phn t trung bnh sn phm nh

- MW: khi lng phn t trung bnh sn phm y
- xF: nng phn mol hn hp u vo theo metylic, kmol/kmol
- xP: nng phn mol hn hp nh theo metylic, kmol/kmol
- xw: nng phn mol hn hp y theo metylic, kmol/kmol
- aF: nng phn khi lng hn hp u vo theo metylic, kg/kg
- aP: nng phn khi lng hn hp nh theo metylic, kg/kg
- aW: nng phn khi lng hn hp y theo metylic, kg/kg
- yi: nng phn mol ca pha hi ng vi nng phn mol x i ca pha
lng,kmol/kmol
- yi*: nng phn mol cn bng ca pha hi ng vi nng phn mol xi
ca pha lng, kmol/kmol
- A, B: ln lt l k hiu ca methanol v nc
- MA, MB: ln lt l khi lng phn t ca methanol v nc
- MA= 32 ;

MB= 18

S LIU BAN U
- Nng sut thit b tnh theo hn hp u:

1,8 kg/s

- Hn hp u:

30% khi lng

- Sn phm nh:

97% khi lng

- Sn phm y:

4% khi lng

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho ton thp

GF = GP + Gw

[2-144]

Phng trnh cn bng vt liu cho cu t d bay hi

GF a F =GP a P

Gw a w

[2-144]

Lu lng hn hp u vo:

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

10

 N QU TRNH THIT B
F a

F
GF = M
A

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

F (1 a F )
MB

GF =

6480 0,3 6480 (1 0,3)

312,75
32
18

( kmol/h)

Nng phn mol ca hn hp u vo:

F aF

6480 0,3

xF= M G = 32 312,75 0,194

A
F

(kmol/kmol)

Nng phn mol hn hp nh:

aP
0,97
MA
32
0,95

xp= a
0
,
97
(1 0,97)
(1 a P )
P

32
18
MP
MB

(kmol/kmol)

Nng phn mol ca hn hp y:

aw
0,04
MA
32

0,023
xw= a
1

a
0
,
04
1 0,04
w
w

32
18
MA
MB

(kmol/kmol)

Tnh khi lng trung bnh

MF= x F M A 1 x F M B = 0,194 x 32 + (1-0,194)18 = 20,716

(kg/kmol)

M P x P M A (1 x P ) M B 0,95 x32 (1 0,95)18 31,3

(kg/kmol)

M w x w M A (1 x w ) M B 0,023 x32 (1 0,023)18 18,322

(kg/kmol)

Theo phng trnh cn bng ta c:

GF = GP + Gw

[2-144]

G F a F G P a P G w a w

[2-144]

lng sn phm y l:
GP

GF ( xF xw )
xP xw

312,75 (0,194 0,023)

57,69 (kmol/h)
0,95 0,023

P G P M P 57,69 x31,3 1805,697

[2-144]

(kg/h)

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

11

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

lng sn phm nh l:

Gw = GF - GP = 312,75-57,69=255,06

(kmol/h)

W = F P = 6480 1805,697 = 4674,303

II.PHNG

TRNH

LM

[2-144]

(kg/h)
VIC

CA

THP

Bng 1: Cn bng lng hi ca hn hp metylic- nc

X
Y
T

0
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
26,8 41,8 57,9 66,5 72,9 77,9 82,5 87
91,5 95,8 100
100 92,3 87,7 81,7 87
75,3 73,1 71,2 69,3 67,6 66
64,5

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

12

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

th cn bng pha ca h metylic-nc p sut 1 atm

Cc phng trnh lm vic
Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on luyn c dng:
y

Rx
xP
x
Rx 1
Rx 1

[2-144]

Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on chng c dng:

y

Rx f
1 f
x
xw
Rx 1
Rx 1

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

[2-158]
13

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Ch s hi lu ca thp chng luyn :

Rxmin=
158]

x P y *F
y *F x F

[2-

Trong y*F nng cu t d bay hi trong pha cn bng vi nng

trong pha long xF ca hn hp u.

T bng 1 ta ni suy c xF= 0,194 y*F= 0,569; tF= 82,06 oC ;
xw = 0,023 yw=0,1233; tw= 96,458 oC;
xP = 0,95 yP = 0,979 ; tP = 65,25 oC;
Ch s hi lu lam vic
Rx = b Rxmin (vi b la h s d, b = [1,2 2,5] )
R x min

[2-158]

x P y *F
0,95 - 0,569

1,016
y *F x F
0,569 0,194

ta c bng 2

1,2

1,3

1,5

1,8

2,2

Rx

1,219

1,321

1,524

1,829

2,032

2,235

0,428

0,409

0,376

0,328

0,313

0,294

Nlt

11

10

Nx

24,409 23,21

20,192 22,632 24,256 25,88

T bng s liu trn ta c th ch s hi lu thch hp:

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

14

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Da vo th ta thy Rx = 1.524
Ta c:
f

G F 312,75

5,42
GP
57,69

Phng trnh ng lm vic on luyn:

y = 0,604x + 0,376
Phng trnh ng lm vic on chng:
y = 2,732x 0,04
IV. TNH NG KNH THP
ng knh thp m c tnh theo cng thc:
g tb

DV= 0,0188 ( )
y
y tb
Vi gtb: lng hi trung bnh i trong thp, kg/h.
( y y)tb: tc hi trung bnh i trong thp, kg/m2.s.
4.1. Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp
4.1.1. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

15

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn c th tnh gn ng theo cng thc

sau:
g tbl

g gl
2

g tbl

Vi

[2- 181]

: lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn, kg/h hay kmol/h.

: lng hi i ra khi a trn cng ca thp, kg/h hay kmol/h.

g l : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on luyn, kg/h hay kmol/h.
g GR GP GP Rx 1
[2- 181]
g

g 57,69

x (1,524 + 1) = 145,61 (kmol/h)

Hay g = 4557,58

(kg/h)

Lng hi g l ; , hm lng hi y l , lng lng Gl i vi a di cng ca

on luyn c xc nh theo h phng trnh cn bng vt liu v cn bng nhit
lng sau:
g l Gl G P
g l y l Gl x l G P x P

[II 182]

glrl = gr
rl ra y l (1 y l )rb
r ra y (1 y ) rb

Trong : xl = xF
y = xP
rl: n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i vo a di cng ca on luyn
r: n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i ra khi nh thp.
ra, rb: n nhit ha hi ca cc cu t A, B nguyn cht.
Ni suy theo bng I.213 i vi metylic v bng I.250 i vi nc s tay qu
trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 cc nhit t F, tp, tw ta c cc gi tr n
nhit ha hi ca A, B nguyn cht theo bng sau

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

16

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Bng 3: n nhit ha hi ca cu t A, B nguyn cht theo nhit

tF=82,06 oC
252,32
566,94
1056,41
2373,66

Gi tr
ra (kcal/kg)
rb (kcal/kg)
ra (kj/kg)
rb (kj/kg)

tP = 65,25 oC
261,98
573,75
1096,86
2402,18

tw= 96,458 oC
244,04
542,54
1021,75
2271,51

Vi cc gi tr n nhit ha hi nhit u vo ta tnh c r l. Vi cc gi

tr n nhit ha hi nhit nh ta tnh c r. Vi y l nng hi tng ng
vi nng pha lng xP theo phng trnh ng nng lm vic on luyn. Ta
c h phng trnh:
gl = Gl + 1805,697
glyl = Gl x 0,194 + 1715,41
ta c:
r = 1096,86 x 103 x 0,95 + (1- 0,95)x 2402,18 x 103 = 1152,7208 x 103 (j/kg)
rl = (1056,41 x 103)yl + (1 yl) x 2373,66 x 103
= 2373,66 x 103 - 1317,25 x 103 yl
gl ( 2373,86 1317,25 yl) = 5253617,285

Gl = 1523,273

( kg/h)

gl = 3328,97
yl = 2010,93

kg/h
kg/ kmol

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on luyn

g tbl

4557,58 3328,97
2

= 3943,275

kg/h

Lng lng trung bnh i trong on luyn l:

Gtbl =

G R Gl
2

= 2137,58

kg/h

4.1.2. Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

17

 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng c xc nh gn ng bng cng

thc sau:
gtbc=

g ' n g 'l
2

Vi gtbc: lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng, kg/h hay kmol/h.

gn: lng hi i ra khi on chng, kg/h hay kmol/h
gn= gl v lng hi bc ln t a trn cng ca on chng bng lng
hi i vo a th nht ca on luyn
gl: lng hi i vo on chng, kg/h hay kmol/h.
Lng hi i vo on chng gl, lng lng Gl v hm lng lng xl c
xc nh theo h phng trnh sau:
Gl = gl +Gw
Glxl = glyw +Gwxw
gl rl = gnrl = glrl

[II 182]

Trong yl = yw = 0,1233: tm theo ng cn bng ng vi xw

rl = rayl + (1- yl)rb

- n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht

ca on chng.
rn = rayn + (1- yn)rb - n nhit ha hi ca hn hp hi i vo a trn cng
ca on chng.
Tnh tng t nh trn ta c cc gi tr Gl, gl, xl
Gl = 4676,784
kg/h
gl = 2,481
kg/h
xl = 0,023
kg/h
Vy lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng l:
gtbc=

g ' n g 'l
2

3328,97 2,481
=
2

1665,7255

kg/h

Lng lng trung bnh i trong on chng l:

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

18

 N QU TRNH THIT B
Gtbc =

Gl G ' l
2

1523,273 4676,784
2

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

= 3100,0285

kg/h

Khi lng ring trung bnh

* i vi pha lng.
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng c tnh theo cng thc:
1
a
1 atb
tb
xtb xtb1 xtb 2

[IX-104a][II-183]

Trong :
xtb: khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng, kg/m3.
xtb1, xtb2 : khi lng ring trung bnh ca methanol v nc ca pha lng ly
theo nhit trung bnh, kg/m3.
atb : phn khi lng trung bnh ca methanol trong pha lng, kg/kg.
Phn khi lng trung bnh ca metylic trong pha lng on luyn a tbl v
on chng atbc l:
a F a P 0,3 0,97

= 0,635
2
2
a a
0,3 0,04
atbc = F w
=0,17
2
2

atbl=

Phn mol trung bnh ca metylic trong pha lng on luyn xtbl v on
chng xtbc l:
x F x P 0,194 0,95

= 0,572
2
2
x x
0,194 0,023
xtbc = F w
= 0,1085
2
2

xtbl=

T phn mol trung bnh ca metylic trong pha lng on chng v on

luyn ta tra vo th cn bng lng hi ca metylic- nc ta c nhit trung
bnh ca on luyn ttbl=71,7 oC, nhit trung bnh ca on chng ttbc = 87,2 oC
Vi cc nhit trung bnh trn ni suy theo bng I.2, s tay qu trnh v thit
b cng ngh ha cht
ttbl = 71,7 oC, xtb1 =744,3 kg/m3, xtb2 = 976,565 kg/m3.
TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

ttbc = 87,2 oC, xtb1 = 728,08 kg/m3, xtb2 = 966,96kg/m3.

Vy khi lng ring trung bnh ca ca pha lng trong on luyn xtbl v
on chng xtbc l:
xtbl

xtb1 xtb 2
744,3 x976,565
=
=815,056
atbl xtb 2 (1 atbl ) xtb1 0,635 x976,565 (1 0,635) x744,3

(kg/m3)
xtb1 xtb 2

xtbc = a (1 a )
=
tbc xtb 2
tbc
xtb1

728,08 x966,96
=
0,17 x966,96 (1 0,17) x 728,08

915,8758

(kg/m3)
Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca pha lng trong on luyn v on chng:
Mxtbl = xtblMA + (1- xtbl)MB = 0,572 x 32 + (1- 0,572)x 18 = 26,008 (kg/kmol)
Mxtbc = xtbcMA + (1- xtbc)MB = 0,1085x 32 + (1- 0,1085)x 18 = 19,519 kg/kmol
* i vi pha hi.
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca hn hp c xc nh theo cng thc:
ytb

[ y tb .M A (1 y tb ).M B ].273
22,4.T

, kg/m3

[IX-102][II-183]

Trong :
- MA, MB khi lng mol ca metylic v nc
- T: Nhit lm vic trung bnh ca thp, hay ca on chng hay on
luyn,tnh theo oK
- ytb: nng phn mol pha hi trung bnh ca on chng, on luyn. c
tnh bng trung bnh cng nng hai u on thp:
ytbl =
ytbc =

y F y P 0,569 0,979

0,774
2
2
y F y w 0,569 0,023

=0,296
2
2

Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi trong on luyn v on chng:

ytbl

[ ytb1.M A (1 ytb1 ).M B ].273

=
22,4.T

0,774 x32 (1 0,774)18 x 273

22,4 x(71,7 273)

1,02

(kg/m3)

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B
ytbc

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

[ y tbc .M A (1 y tbc ).M B ].273 0,296 x32 (1 0,296)18 x 273

=
22,4.T
22,4 x(87,2 273)

0,749

(kg/m3)
Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca pha hi trong on luyn v on chng:
Mytbl = ytblMA + (1- ytbl)MB = 0,774 x 32 + (1- 0,774) x 18 =

28,836 (kg/kmol)

Mytbc = ytbcMA + (1- ytbc)MB = 0,296 x 32 + (1 0,296) x 18 = 22,144 (kg/kmol)

4.3. Tc ca hi i trong thp m
Chn m Rasiga bng s ln xn kch thc m 25x25x3 mm. Tra
bng IX.8, s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2 ta c cc
thng s sau: =195m2/m3, =600kg/m3, V = 0.75m3/m3, s m trong mt
mt khi l 46.103. Tc hi i trong thp m c th xc nh theo cng
thc sau:
Y

ws ytb x

Y
3
gV xtb n
1
4

ytb

xtb

e-4X

0 ,16

Gx

X
G
y

1,2

[ IX.114 - II 187]

1
8

Trong :
, s: tc lm vic ca thp, tc sc, m/s
: b mt ring ca m, m2/m3.
V : th tch t do ca m, m3/m3.
g : gia tc trng trng.
Gx, Gy: lng lng v lng hi trung bnh i trong thp, kg/s
x, n : nht ca pha lng theo nhit trung bnh v nht ca
nc 20 oC, N.s/m2. Tc lm vic 0,8 0,9 s
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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

nht ca pha lng theo nhit trung bnh c th c tnh theo cng thc
sau:
lg x = xtb lg 1 + (1 xtb) lg 2
Tra bng I.101 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 1 trang 92 ta
c n=1 x 101-3 N.s/m2. Tra trn ton hnh I.18 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ha cht tp 1 trang 90, ng vi nhit trung bnh ca on luyn v on
chng ta c:
ttbl = 71,7 oC, 1 = 0,36 x 10-3 N.s/m2, 2 = 0,40348 x 10-3 N.s/m2
suy ra xl = 0, 347 x 10-3

N.s/m2

ttbc = 87,2 oC, 1 = 0,275 x 10-3 N.s/m2, 2 = 0,33072 x 10-3 N.s/m2

suy ra , xc = 0, 324 x 10-3

N.s/m2

Thay cc gi tr vo cng thc trn ta tnh c tc lm vic ca on

luyn:
Xl =

1
4

3943,275

2137,59

1,02

815
,056

1
8

= 0,505

Yl = 1,2 x e-4 x 0,505 = 0,159

0 ,16

YgV 3 xtbl
sl
ytbl

xl

l 0,85 x1,75 =

1,488

0,159 x9,81x0,75 3 x815,056 1x10 3

3
195 x1,02
0
,
45
x
10

0 ,16

1,75

Tc lm vic ca on chng
Xc =

1665,7255

3100,0285

1
4

0,749

915,8758

1
8

= 0,352

Yc =1,2 x e-4 x 0,352 = 0,294

YgV 3 xtbc
sc
ytbc
c =

xc

0 ,16

0,294 x9,81x0,75 3 x915,8758 1x10 3

3
195 x0,749
0,324 x10

0 ,16

3,02

0,8 x 3,02 = 2,416

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

4.4. ng knh thp m

ng knh on luyn
Dl = 0,0188

3943,275
1,02 x1,488

= 0,96 (m) quy chun Dl = 1m = 1,37 = 78% sl

ng knh on chng:
Dc = 0,0188

1665,7255
0,749 x 2,416

= 0,6 Quy chun Dc = 0.6m = 2,416 = 80%

sc

Vy ta chn ng knh thp l D = 1 m

V. TNH CHIU CAO THP M THEO S N V CHUYN KHI
Chiu cao ton thp c xc nh theo cng thc:
H = Nl x ht + ( 0,8 1)

[2-168]

Trong : ( 0,8 1) khong cho php nh v y thp

Nl s a l thuyt
ht chiu cao tng ng ca 1 bc thay i nng
ht tnh theo cng thc sau y:
ht = 200

1, 2

1
0, 4

[2-168]

5.1. chiu cao ca on luyn

V
htl = 200

1, 2

0, 4

= 200 x

0,75

195

1, 2

1
1,37 0, 4

= 0,223 m

Hl = 8 x 0,223 + 0,6 = 2,384 m

5.2 chiu cao ca on chng
ht = 200

1, 2

1
0, 4

= 200 x

0,75

195

1, 2

1
2,416 0, 4

= 0,178

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Hc = 8 x 0,178 + 0,8 = 2,222 m

Chiu cao ton thp H = Hl + Hc = 2,348 + 2,222= 4,57 m
VI. TNH TR LC TRONG THP M.
Sc cn thy hc ca thp m i vi h hi lng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:

p p . 1 A.

Gx

0 , 342

G y

0 ,19

x
.
y

0 , 038

(N/m2) (IX.118_s tay II)

A = 5,15: h s

: tn tht p sut khi m t ti im o pha c tc ca kh i qua m kh

(N/m2)

: tn tht p sut ca m kh[ N/m2]

G ,G
x

: lng lng, hi trung bnh i trong thp [kg/s]

2
:

nht
trung
bnh
ca
lng,
hi
[N.S/m
]
y

,
x

:khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng,hi [kg/m3]

Tn tht p sut ca m kho tnh theo cng thc :

H . w H . w .
p .
.
.
.
2
4
2
d
V
2

td

[N/m2]

(IX.119_s tay II)

Vn tc thc ca kh trong lp m

w
t

w
V

(IX.120_s tay II)

Trong H: chiu cao thp m[m]

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

:h s tr lc ca m bao gm c tr lc ma st v tr lc cc b,vi cc
,

loi

m khc nhau th xc nh theo cng thc thc nghim khc nhau

,

: Tc ca hi tnh trn ton b tit din ca thp [m/s]

: b mt ring ca m [m2/m3]
: th tch t do ca m [m3/m3]

Tn tht p sut ca m kh xc nh theo cng thc sau ( chn

ey

> 40 ngha l m

ln xn)
,1,8

1,56.H . wy . y

0 ,8

1, 2
d

0, 2
y

[N/m2]

(IX.121_s tay II).

Tnh nht ca pha hi theo cng thc

M hh m1 M 1 m2 M 2

hh
1
2

1, 2 l nht ca metylic v nc; m1, m2 l phn th tch tng ng ca

metylic v nc.
VI.1 . Tr lc cho on luyn
Cc s liu c :
Tc bay hi wy= 1,37 [m/s]

xl

= 2137,58 [kg/h]

yl

= 3943,275 [kg/h]

xl

yl

xl

= 815,056 [kg/m3]
= 1,02 [kg/m3]
= 0,347 [10-3.N.s/m2]

TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

Tra ton hnh I.35 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp1 ta
c cc gi tr nht nh sau: 1 = 113.10-7, 2 = 115.10-7. T ta tnh c
nht ca hn hp kh:
yl =

113,28 x 10-7

[N.s/m2]
1,37
=
0,75

Vn tc ca hi trong m w'1

1,02 .195 . 113,28x10 7

0,75

1,8

k1

1,56.x 2,384.1,83

1,83 [m/s]

0 ,8

1, 2

0, 2

=1525,497[N

/m2]

1501,52 1 5,15.
1

2137,58

3943,275

0 , 342

1,02

815,056

0 ,19

0,347

0,011328

= 3556,758 [N/m2]
VI.2 . Tr lc ca on chung
Vn tc thc ca hi trong m wc'= 3, 22 [m/s]

xc

yc

= 3100,0285

[kg/h]

= 1665,7255 [kg/h]

xc

= 915,8758 [kg/m3]

yc

= 0,749 [kg/m3]

xc

= 0,324 [10-3.N.s/m2]

Tra ton hnh I.35 s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp1 ta
c cc gi tr nht nh sau: 1 = 118.10-7, 2 = 120.10-7. T ta tnh c
nht ca hn hp kh:
TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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0 , 03

 N QU TRNH THIT B
yc =

119,14 x 10-7

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

[.N.s/m2]
1,8

kc

0 ,8

1,56.x 2,222.3,22 . 0,749

1, 2

195
0,75

.. 119,14 x10

0, 2

3102,158 [N/m2]

3102,158 1 5,15.

3100,0285

1665,7255

0 , 342

0,749

915,8758

0 ,19

0,324
0,01191

= 8905,03 [N/m2]
Vy tr lc ca ton thp l :

= 3556,758 +8905,03 = 12461,788 [N/m2]

VII. TNH BN THN THP

7.1. Tnh b dy thn thp.
- Chn phng php gia cng thn thp l phng php hn. V methanol l mt cht
c, theo bng XII.45, s tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha cht tp 2, trang 348, ta
chn vt liu ch to thit b l thp X18H10T.
- Chn nhit tnh ton l nhit ln nht trong ton thit b t = 99.7oC 100oC.
- Tra th hnh 1.2 [4- 16] nhit tnh ton ta c ng sut cho php tiu
chun ca thp X18H10T l []*= 143 N/mm2. Chn h s hiu chnh = 0.9 . Vy ng
sut cho php ca thn thit b l [] = .[]* = 128.7 N/mm2.
- p sut thy tnh trong thit b
ptt = .g.H = 915,8758 x 9.81 x 4,57 = 41060,27 N/m2
- p sut tnh ton ca thit b:
p = ptt + pkq + p = 41060,27 + 98100 +12461,788 = 151622 N/m2
p = 0.152 N/mm2
TRNG I HC KINH T - K THUT CNG NGHIP

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 N QU TRNH THIT B

GVHD: PHM TH THU HOI

- Chn dng mi hn l gip mi hn hai pha, nhit cao. H s bn mi hn, h

= 0.95
- B dy ti thiu ca thn tr:
Ta c

B1

128,7
0,95 =
0,152

: [MODE]->[3]->[1] cho

804,375 > 25

trn

[4- 95]

mn

hnh

ch

REG

B2 : [1]->[M+]->[M+]->[M+]... cho n khi thy s 40 , n tp [M+] bn s thy ch Data Full ri

n

tp [M+]->[2]

B3 : n mi tn i ln v nhp on m sau 13131313131313....cho n ht mn hnh , ri n [=]>[=]->[0]->[1]

-by gi my tnh ca bn thnh x-570MS ri , nhng khi bm [ON] th s tr thnh x-500MS
li

nh

- gi cho x-570MS khng b mt khi bm [ON] th B3 bn thay th on m 13131313...

thnh 2-3-2-3-...
-ngoi nng cp ny ra mnh cn c th lm Ma Trn chy bt t o c 500 v 570MS , khi no rnh s
pots tp cho mi ngi

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