a Day 1 Outlines ... © Units © Least Count © Significant Figures © Errors in Measurement © Dimensions of Physical Quantities Units and Measurement Units Measurement of any physical quantity involves comparison with a certain basic, widely accepted reference standard called unit. Fundamental and Derived Units ‘The number of physical quantities is quite large, Thus, we may define a set of fundamental (or base) quantities and all other quantities may be expressed in terms of these fundamental quantities, All other quantities are derived quantities. Units of fundamental and derived quantities are known as the fundamental units and derived units respectively. A complete set of these units, both fundamental and derived unit is known as the system of units. System of Units International System of Units It is abbreviated as SI, isan extended version of the MKS (Metre, Kilogram, Second) system. SI system of units has seven base units and two supplementary units. Seven base quantities, choir units along with definitions are tabulated ahead This system measures, Length in metre (m}, Mass in kilogram (kg), Time in second (s}.2 JEE Main Physics in Just 40 Days The two supplementary units in SI system are Radian for angle It is the angle subtended at the centre by an are of a circle having a length equal to the radius of the circle. Its symbol is rad. Steradian for solid angle It is the solid angle which is having its vertex at the surface of sphere equal to that of a square with the length of each side equal to the radius of the sphere, sentre of the sphere, it cuts-off an area of the Angle subtended by a closed curve at an nie pins ee Soh angle subtended by a ised surface t an inside pont is 4 ster ‘There are two systems used in units ean be defined as CGS System (Centimetre, Gram, Second) are often used in scientific work, ‘This system measures, Length in centimetre (cm), Mass in gram (g), Time in second (8). FPS System (Foot, Pound, Second), Its also called the British Unit System. This unit measures, Length in foot (Foot), Mass in gram (pound), Time in second (s). StUnits Base Quantity |" Name anc Name and Definition Symbol Tora rae) af path Waveled by ight vacuum dung aime irtewal ct 1299, 782, 458 pan ota Mase sega tk) ote ofthe klogram (a platinum ium alay ender) kept a national Buroau of Woighis and Moasuros, al Somos (Frac) ime second(s) |The secondisthe duration of9, 192, 631,770 periods of he adationcarespancing the tanston betwounthe {wo hypartine loves othe ground sate of cesum 133 atom Elocriccurest | ampore (A) |The Apa Is that constant curent, which marvained two slg. parallel conductors o nine length laced 1 m aoart in vacuum wouls produce aoree equal 02 x 10°7 Nm“ en ether conductor Thermaeyname | Kein (k) he Kelvn's 1 traction of the theemeeynaric temperate of the ple pont of water. temperate Tare " r ® Amount ot cole (meh | Thermo she amount substance ot system, which contains as many elemersary entries as there ae atoms substance in 0012 4g of caton 12 Lumous sande cd) |The candea isthe luminous itensty in a gen direction of @ source emitting monochromatic radiation of intonsity Frequency 540 x 10% He ana having a radiant irtensty of FW sr" in that drecton Least Count The least count of « measuring device isthe least distance (resolutionjaccuracy), that can be measured using the device. The general formula that can be used for Least Count (LC}. ic = Value of 1 main scale division ‘Total number of vernier scale divisions Every measuring instrument has no error, when readings uncertainity of their readings, The instrument with the are taken. ‘The least count uncertainity or maximum least uncertainity is taken to measure objects, as all possible error characterises such errors. Instruments error measurements consider accuracy. The percentage can be compared by calculating the percentage of uncertainity is calculated with the following formula Maximum possible error Percentage Uncertainity = Maximum possible error__ « "= Measurement of object in question x100 ‘The smaller the measurement, the larger the percentage uncertainity. The least count of an instrument is indirectly proportional to the precision of the instrument.Day Units and Measurement 3 | Least Count of Certain Measuring Instruments _ + ori eter Least count = 1 — 201 mm + serow gauge Least count ____Value of 1 pitch scale reading ‘Tolal number af head scale ahisions count = 1 Neast count = 775 Giasions =0.01 mn + Traveling microscope, Least count Value of 1 main scale division ‘Total number at vornier scale dvistons: __ 95mm ~ Savisons 1 mm. * Spectrometer, 0.5 degree 0 dvsions 0" Bo ahisions 1 degree (angie) = 60 and 1 = 60° Least count = Least Count Error Measured values are good only upto its least ‘count. The least count error is. the error associated with the resolution of the instrument. Least count ertor belongs to the category of random errors but within a limited scale, it ‘occurs with both systematic and random errors, we use a metre scale for measurement of length, ft may have ‘graduations as 1 mm division scale spacing CF interval. Instruments of higher precision Improving experimental techniques elc., can teduce the least count error. Repeating the ‘observations and taking the arithmetic mean cof the result, the mean value would be very lose to the true value of the measured ‘quanti. Significant Figures Significant figure in the measured value of a physical quantity tells the number of digits in which we have confidence. All accurately known digits in a measurement plus the first (only one uncertain digit together in ‘a measured value form significant figures). Larger the number of significant figures obtained in a measurement, greater is the accuracy of the measurement, Rules for Counting Significant Figures 1, All the non-zero digits are significant. In 2.738 the number of significant figures i 4 2. All the zeros between two non-zero digits are significant, no matter where the decimal point is fat all As examples 209 and 5.002 have 9 and 4 significant figures respectively. 3. Ifthe measurement number is less than 1, the zero (s) on the right of decimal point and to the let of the first non-zero digit are non-significant, In 00807, first the underlined. zeros are non-significant andthe number of significant figures i oly 3. 4, The terminal or trailing zero (s) in a number without a decimal point are not significant. Thus, 12.3 =1290cm = 12800 mm has ‘only 3 significant figures, 8. The trailing zero (s) in number with a decimal point are significant. Thus, 3.800 kg has 4 significant figures 6. A choice of change of units does not change the number of significant digits or figures in a measurement. Rules for Arithmetic Operations with Significant Figures 1. In addition or subtraction, the final results should retain as many decimal places as there are in the number with the least decimal place. As an example sum of 423.5 g, 164.92 g and 24.381 g is 612.801 g, but it should be expressed as 612.8 g only because the least precise measurement (423.5 g) is correct to only one decimal place 2. In multiplication or division, the final result should retain as many significant figures as are there in the original number with the least significant figures. For example Suppose an expression is performed like (243% 1243) | (44.65) =676 481522 Rounding the above result upto three significant figures result would become 676, Rules for Rounding off the Uncertain Digits Result of arithmetic computation we get a number having more digits than the appropriate number of significant figures, then these uncertain digits are rounded off as per the rules given ahead4 JEE Main Physics in Just 40 Days (i) The preceding digit is raised by 1 ifthe insignificant digit to be dropped is more than 5 and is left unchanged ifthe latter is less than 5. e.g, 18.764 will be rounded off to 18.8 and 18.74 to 17, (ii) Ifthe insignificant figure is 5 and the preceding digit is even, then the insignificant digit is simply dropped. However, ifthe preceding digit is odd, then it is raised by one so as to make it even. «.g., 17.845, will be rounded off to 17.84 and 17.875 to 17.88 Errors in Measurement There are many causes of errors in measurement. Errors may be due to instrumental defect, ignoring certain facts, carelessness of experimenter, random change in temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. When an ‘experimenter tries to reach accurate value of measurement by doing lange number of experiments, the mean of «a large number of the results of repeated experiments is close to the true value. The result of every measurement uncertainty, which is called error. ( True value contains (Gi) Absolute error ‘A, =1rue value — observed value ‘a; = a ~ a Aa, = a ~ a Aa, = 4 ~ a, (ui) Mean absolute error Yaa) Ua, +g Aa\l+ +1 8a Aa, (iv) Relative or fractional error = S¢m= Percentage error = Relative error x 100 % = Mosse x 100% Combination of Errors 1. When two (or more) quantities are added or subtracted, the maximum possible absolute error in the final result is the sum of the absolute errors in the individual quantities. X= A+B, then (AX) ay = + (AA + AB) 2, When two (or more) quantities are multiplied or divided, the maximum relative error in the result is the sum of the individual relative errors in the multipliers. If X= ABC, then (22) 4. The maximum relative error due to a physical quantity raised to a certain power (say K) is k times the relative error in that physical quantity. As an example, ifZ = A‘BIC" ‘Then, (2) a2 Bink a A‘ 8 Z C Dimensions of Physical Quantities ‘Tho dimensions of a physical quantity are the powers to which the fundamental (base) quantities are raised, to represent that quantity ‘To make it clear, consider the physical quantity force. Force = mass x acceleration ass * Tength X (time) * ‘Thus, the dimension of force are 1 in mass [M] 1 in length {L] and ~2 in time [T~}, that is [MLT™!] » Dimensions of @ phyacal quantity do nt agri oe ait in » Dimensional o FPS to CGS end soon of sare physical quanties commeniy used in physics are gen onthe next page » Dimensional formula and S Principle of Homogeneity of Dimensions and Applications According o this principle, a correct dimensional equation tnust be homogeneous, Le, dimensions ofall the terms in Physical expression must be same LIS = RIS chock th dimensional correctness of physical relation and to establish relation among various physica quantities,Day 1 Units and Measurement Limitations of Theory of Dimensions ‘though dimensional analysis is very useful but is nat universal, it has some limitations as given below ‘+ This method gives no information about dimensional constants. Such as universal constant af graviation (@) for Planck’s constant (h) and where they have 10 be introduced. ‘+ Numerical constant (t), having no dimensions such as 3/4, ©, 2x etc., cannot be deduces by the method of mensions, ‘+ This technique is useful only for deducing and vertying power relations Trignometric functions ete studied by this technique ir The physical queries separated bythe bos +, Rolaionship involving exponential, rot be oblained oF + In this method, we compare the powers of fundamental quantities (ike MULT ele.) to obtain a numbers of independent equations to find the unknown powers, Since, the total umber of such equations cannat exceed the numberof fundamental quantities we cannot use this. ‘method fo obtain the required relation if the quantity of interest depends upon more parameters than the number of fundamental quantiies used, + Even if a physical quantity depends on three physical uanttios, out of which two have same dimensions, the formula cannot be derived by theory of dimensions, rust have the seme densi In theracmamics physkal dmersons of pV, RTme, AT, ml, AQ, AU, AW, et, are same os thot of serpy ie. (MET 2] In elecercal cet, dimensions of, RG VTE hove the dimensions of me Even if units and dimensions of 2 physiol queries ae same, they need not represent the same physical charactansics ef. werk one torque or angular momentum and Planck’ eanstant or graitatona inten and acslercton, et. Values of Some Physical Quantities Physical Quantity ‘Symbol Value Physical Quantity Symbol Value ‘Speed af int | sxtotms Bonrradus | o0ssam Charge el aocron 0 |-tex10%¢ Molar votume v | zecitimet Mass of eecton m | arx10%%kg Permit of oe space fy | 885% 10° Fm Mass of proton m, | 1672 x 107" Porneabity of tee space by | ax tor im Nass of neuron mm | t674 x10 Wien’ constant > | 29%10%m« Panek's constant n | eax 10% vs Mochancalequivaiontotheat | J | &2ieal Universal gas constant A | 83.uimotK Density of ar at STP os | 1288h0m otemann's constant & fraxto aK Latont heat otice hog | 800aI6"" Stan’ constant | serxs0% win? k* | Latent heat of steam La | 580 cal Gravitational constant 6 | 667 x 10" Neri jimensions of Important Physical Quantities Physical Quantity S1Unit Dimensional Formula Power wat Mery Pressure, sess, costciont of elas (¥.8,n) Pascal Pa) orNim-? iMcrr4y Pogue velcty reds m Frequency, angular requoncy Heer ry soa accaleraion rads? m7 oaniae momentum komt” Mery Toroue Nm tors) wer ‘Gavtatonalcorstan (4) Nirtho® arurs) Moment one kon me6 JEE Main Physics inJusr 40 Days Physical Quantity Unit Dimensional Formula Teco Te mioneiy No ori are] €oetic potential, emt, poten iterence JO" orvot (meray Eoctie 6x0! moment cm uray oct Na Noo" orm (any Capacitance Farad wweertagy Resistance reactance, impedance he i) Me A Resistty am Mer392| Long, cistance, disslaceren, wavelength ote Worse Volume = Vor IML] Density tom ay Speed velecty ms! wT Acceleration, acclraon aust gay mst ary Foe, tu ron, weight Nevwon rary Linear momentum, mpulss roms tons ar] Work energy. KE, PE, tral energy, nena enray Joule Me Surface area, area of cross-section mv? wh ete consutvty sn were’) Inductance Hey (mera?) Magnet charge or magnet poe strength bem w Magnete dpoie moment bot wy Magnets tea ot magnete fax ders or magaets induction Tesia Mex Wem? (wr'a4) Magnete pemeabity of fee space ora medium Hor (area) Magnte fx Weber (6) Me Te Volumetie wate te ery Radius of gation u ‘Young radu, Bulemocus wry Compressbity wiry Fa mer Fuscdorsty wry Intensity ofa wave wr) Light racaion fx (weer) Photon tux density ry Luminous energy ims rer Lumance be (wr Radiation intensity Wat Steradian ery Specie neat capacity ak ery Latonthoa! of vaparsaton a vr Thermal eonductty Ks (rare Emisve poner Wor? (wr) ocr volage wt (Mer Magnetsaon am a Magnet induction 1 (rte) Electrochemical ecuvalet 0" ira") anc’ consant os (mer Wore anton 4 ier’) Radicacive decay Constant Ba ml Binding Enecay ve meraPractice Zone 1 ca - If the velocity of Inthe relation Xx 12%, Xand Z represent the dimensions of capacitance and magnetic induction respectively, dimensions of ¥ are @nr'oty uM er Za nerve) (ayer eAa?) . The velocity of a particle's given as v =a bt + et? the velocity is measured in ms hen units ofaandc are (@) ms" ands to)ms- and ms {nes ange? (8) rvs ands In which of the following systems of unis, a weber is the Unit of magnetic thx? (@cos wiMKs @s {} None of those |. With the usual notations, the folowing equation 1 gcurtatet nis (b) ony cimensionaly corect (6) Bot numerically ane dimensionally corect (d) Nottner numerically no dimensionaly coroct ht ©, gravitational constant G and Planck's constant h aro choson as fundamental uns, tho dimansions of ength Lin the new system are tres wy n%e¥"0""2) (elt *6) ape 6"2] - Using mass lM length (L) time (7) and current (4) as fundamental quantities, permeability are the dimensions of ‘magnetic f@nrtrtay puIMETeAt] (omMer*a?] MTA) The dimensions of Where €,¢q,h and ¢ are the ere electronic charge, electric permittivity and velocity of ight in vacuum respectively, ara Planck's constant amen) oper) ever nee, 8. 11 Planck's constant (hand 10. . 12. 13. IF the a JA sphere has a mass of 12.2 kg DAY 1 peed of ight in vaccum {e) are taken as two fundamental quantities, which one of the ‘lowing can, in adaltion.be taken to express length, mass and time in terms of the three chosen fundamental quantities? INCERT Exemplar} ‘Mass of electron ny) {0} Universal gravtabonal constant) {©} Charge of electron) {@) Mass of araton (m,) celeation due to gravily is 10 ms-* and units of length and time are changed to silometre and hours respectively the numerical value of acceleration is (@) 860000, (0) 72000, i) 36000 (6) 129600, We nergy, G = gravitational constant, |= impulse and M= mass, then dimensions of 2M are same as that of E fa) time lene (@ force You measure two quantities as A=1.0 m + 02m, B=2.0m 0.2m. We should report correct value for VAB as INCERT Exemplar] (@l4mz04m (1 4imz0.15m @14mso3am (1amso2m ‘The speed (of ropes on the surface of water depends on surface tension (6) dansity (@) and wavelength (2) The square of speed (v)is proportional to at of ot (d)pho Ok oh cy (Oe Dimensions of sistance in an eecical cout in terms of mensions of mass Mf engih Lime and rent wou be (a) MUT fo) [MUT) omer) (QIMETA] 0.1 kg and radius 10cm -£0.1 cm, the maximum % errr in density 10% w2ee (©) 3.89% (42x15. 16. 7. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. JEE Main Physics inJust 40 Days In the relation p = e pis pressure, zis distance, k is Botzmann constant and @ is. the temperature, The dimensional formula of Bwilloe emery wIMeT, forme 1) amen 'N division on main scale of a vernier calipers coincide with (N+ 1) division of the vemniarscalo if each aivision on main scale s ofa units, least count of Instument is Net a ot os oS ae W- Iv the length of rod A is 325 4 0.01 om and that of B is 419 + 0.016m, then the rod Bis longer than rod A by (@ (084 000) om (6) (094 a01) om (e084: 002) em {) (0094 + 0005) em A student measured the length of the pendulum 1.21 m Using @ metre scale and time lor 25 vibrations as 2 min 20 using his wrist watch, absolute error in g is (aor ms? (wy ogams-* (010.44 ms? (a) 022ms-* Iter in measurement of radius of sphere is 1%, whal wil be the error in measurement of volume? (a 1% ©) a (3% (a) 10% ‘The dimensions of ob{e=Stetan’s constant and When's constant) are @Mery ceimen IMT) aime ‘The absolute err in density ofa sphere of rads 10.01 om ‘and mass 4.692 kg is (@)397 «gm? @o () 4.692 kgm () 2 kger att BoE where p is Be ® The dimensions of Fin the equation pressure, xis distance andt is time, are cay [MALT*) ©)IMT*) (IMT) our ‘The length and breadth of a rectangular sheet are 16.2 cm and 10.1 om , respective, The area of the sheet in appropriate significant igutes and ert § [NCERT Exemplar] (a) 164. 36m? (©) 163.62 260m? (6) 163.6 22.6cm? (@) 168.824 30m? 24. The position of a parce is given by x=asinat y=aces at ‘The trajectory of the path is & (2) hyperbola (©) straight ine (© point (@ parabola 25. Inthe folowing dimensionally consistont equation, we have, + Y.where Thee aonaty = ‘The cimensional formula for Xand ¥ ara (every, LT?) f (ee?r?y Me] (ey (MLT?}; [MLE] (IMT) MLE) 26. The dimensions of seltinductance are @iMi?T7] wiMeTary ommere aimee 227. Whats the percentage error inthe measurement ofthe time. period T of 2 pendulum, Ff the maximum errors in the ‘measurements of / and g are 2% and 4% respectively? (a) 6% w4a% ox (sx 28. One 8 centimetre on the main scale of a vernier caliper Is divided into 10 equal parts. I 10 of the divsions of the verrier corcide with small diisions on the main scale, the least count of the calipers is {@) 0.008 em (@001em (@)0.020m (6) 0.05 0m Directions (2, Nos. 29 to 34) Each of these questions contains ‘40 statements: Statement | (Assertion) and Statement Il (Reason). Each ofthese questions also has four alternative choices, only one ‘of which isthe correct answer. You have to select one ofthe codes (a) (b, (©, given below (a) Statement |is tue, Statement ls tue, Statement isthe correct explanation for Statement | (b) Statementlis true, Statement liste, Statement l'snatine correct explanation for Statement| (e) Statement is tue; Statement Ils false (@) Statomont is also; Statoment I's true 29, Statement| The order of accuracy of measurement depends on the least count ofthe measuring insttumert Statement II The smaler the least court, the greater is the number of significant figures in the measured value. 30. Statement |The dimensionel method cannot be used to obtain the dependence of the work done by a force F on the angle @ between force F and displacement x Statement ll Al_ trigonometric ‘imensioniess, functions areDay Units and Measurement 9 31, Statement I The mass of an object is 13.2 kg. In this, measurement there are 3 significant figures. Statement Il The sare mass when expressed in grams. as 13200 g, has five significant igures. 32. Statement | Method of dimensions cannot be used for deriving formula containing tigonometrical ratio. Statement Il This is because trigonometrical ratios have no dimensions. 33, Statement | The value of velocity of ight 's 3% 10° ms land acceleration due to gravity is 10 ms"® and the mass of proton is 1.67 x 10°" kg. Statement I The value ofime in such a systemis 3x 10". 34, Statement | The distance covered by a body is given by ta ar Statement Il We add quantities, substract or equate ‘quanitias with the same dimensions. 8 =u+22 whore the symbols have usual meaning Directions (Q. Nos. 35 to 37) In the study of physics, we often hhave to measure the physical quantities. The numerical value of a measured quantity can only be approximately depends upon the Teast count of the measuring instrument used. The number of significant figures in any measurement indicates the degree of precision of that measurement. The importance of significant Figures lies in calculation. A mathematical calculation cannot Increase the precision ofa physical measurement. Therefore, the ‘umber of significant figures inthe sum or product of a group of ‘numbers cannot be greater than the number that has the least ‘umber of significant figures. A chain cannot be stranger than its weakest link 35. A bee of mass 0.000067 kg sits on a flower of mass 0.0129, kg. What is the total mass supported by the stem of the flower up to appropriate significant figures? (2) 0.012387 kg (b) 0.01298 kg (0.0124 Kg (@oorzkg 36, The radius ofa uniform wie is = ~ 0.02%cm. The value of x is given to be 3.142, Wha is the area of cross-section of the we Up to appropriate significant figures? (a) 00016 em (6) 0.00139 en (6 0.001386 on? (@ 00018886 en? 37, Aman runs 100.5 min 10.3 s. Find is average speed up to ‘pproprate signticant figures. (@)9.71 ms" (6) 9.7087 ms" (0) 9708s" (9) 3.70874 ms" AIEEE & JEE Main Archive 38, The dimensions of anguiar momentum, latent heat and capacitance are, respectively TEE Main Online 2013] (a (Me TAY), WT?) LPP (o) (MET?) (2), (LTA oer) (er) Meera (8) MET?) 1272), (AHA 39, Resistance of a given wire 's obtained by measuring the current flowing in it and the votage diference applied across it the percentage errrs in tne measurement of tne current and the voliage ference are 3% each, then error in the value of resistance of the wie is (AIEEE 2012] (a) 6% (6) 210 om (3% 40. A screw gauge gives the following reading when used to measure the diameter of a wie, (aleee 2011] Main scale reading : 0 mm Circular scale reading : 52 divisions Given thal 1 mm on main scale corresponds to 100 divisions ofthe circular scale ‘The diameter of wire from the above data is (a) 9.052 em (0) 0.026 em (6) 0.005 om (a) 052 0m 41. The respective number of significant figures for the rumbers 23.023, 0.0003 and2.1x 10 "are (arEeE 2010) 512 W518 S52 (442 42. In an experiment the angles are required to be measured Using an instrument. 29 dvsions of the veriar scale. If tho smnalest division ofthe main scale is hal-a-degree (= 0.54, then the east count of the instrument is [AMttE 2009), {@) one minute (6) hall inate {) ono degree (ahha degree 43, The dimensions of magnetic feld in MT and C (Coulomb) is given as [AIEEE 2008], MTC) GMPC | MMTC) (prey) 44, Two full tums of the circular scale of a screw gauge cover a distance of 1 mm on its main scale. The total number of divisions on the circular scale is 60. Further, it is found that the screw gauge has a zero error of ~ 0.03 mm whie measuring the diameter of a thin wire, a sludent notes the main scale reading of 3 mn and the number of circular scale divisions in ine with the rain scale as 35, The diameter of the wire is (AIEEE 2008) (@)332mm ©)373mm (6367 mm (9)338mm10 45. An experiment is performed to find the refractive index of Glass using a traveling microscope. In this experiment distance are measured by (a) avarier scale provided on the microscope (e) a standard aboratary scale () a meter scale provided on the microscope (d) a scrow gauge provided on tho microscope 46. (6) Er, potential offerenco, electric gotential (c) heat, work done, energy (d) Dipole moment electric fu, electric ela 47. Out of the following pairs, which one does not nave identical dimensions? (a) Angular momentum and Plancs’s constant (b) Impuise and momentum (6) Moment of inertia and moment of a force (Work ane torque 1) 1. @ 2 @) 31. ©) 41. (@) 2.) 32. (2) 22.0) 32. (2) 42. (2) 3.0) 13.) 23. @) 33. 0) 43. (0) aa 14. ©) 24.) 34.) 48, (¢) (Ale€€ 2008] Which ofthe following sots share different dimensions? (a) Pressure, Young's modus, stress (AIEEE 2005] JEE Main Physics inJust 40 Days 48, Which one of the following represents the correct imensions of the coefficient of viscosity? [AIEEE 2008] eer) eM} omer) omer] 49. Dimensions of <1, wnero symbols havo thoi sua! meaning, re tastet 20031 en) mur) oer) our) 50. The physical quantities not having the same dimensions, ae wate 2003) TAIEE 2005) (0 trqus and work {0} momentum and Planck's constant {6} stese and Young's modus {4} speed and (u5e,)" Answers 5 60 7 Bb) %@ Ie 15. (2) 16. (0) 17. (©) 18. (4) 19. (c) 20. (0) 20) 7) BOD) —-B_O}_—-B.EW) 3) 38) 7) BE) — B®) AD) 5.0) 6) AO) BO.) 500) Hints & Solutions 1. k= C=(MU7T°O"] Z=MT“O) Xx _[MT'L*07] Po wror 2, Unitofa= unt of v= mi Mrtat] 3. Aweber is the unit of magnetic ux nS system, 4, s; =dstance traveled, uv =veoaly, So, dimensionally is not a core equation 5. LetL=note® Thon MELT] = (MET RIT PIM LET? Mee epee pry ee Hence, ac =0, 2a+b+90=1 -a-b-20=0 Soivng these equations, we get ache 2 U=m"?.c 6. Dimensional formula for magnetic permeabily x [orl is MLTA~} 1 tare Jéneghc | MSTA} MOT PLT] 8 he MET Te =2T") my =(M.6=UT*) c=ATim, =M do (MET LT co MtTy a Hence, out of (a, (), () any one can be taken to express L, IM. Tin terms of three chosen fundamental quantties.