Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Chng I

MY THU THANH
My thu thanh l mt thit b in t hon chnh dng thu nhn sng radio
mang thng tin, phc hi li tn hiu thng tin ban u va khuch i n gi tr yu
cu v a ra loa.
Khi nghin cu v my thu thanh, ngi ta thng n cc thng s k
thut sau:
-

nhy : l sc in ng nh nht trn Anten EA my thu lm vic bnh

thng. Nhng my thu c cht lng cao thng c nhy EA nm trong
khong 0,5 V 10 V. Ngoi ra my thu cn phi c kh nng chn lc v
nn tp m, tc l m bo t s S/N mc cho php. Thng thng th thu
tt th bin tn hiu phi ln hn tp m t nht 10 ln ( tc 20 dB).

chn lc: l kh nng chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v tn hiu cn loi b

cng nh cc tp m tc ng vo Anten. chn lc thng c thc hin
bng nhng mch cng hng, ph thuc vo s lng, cht lng cng nh
chnh xc khi hiu chnh.

Di tn ca my thu: l khong tn s m my thu c th iu chnh thu

c cc sng pht thanh vi cc ch tiu k thut yu cu. My thu thanh
thng c cc di sng sau:
+ Sng di:

LW 150KHz 408KHz

+ Sng trung: MW: 525KHZ 1605KH

+ Sng ngn: SW: 4MHz 24MHz
Bng sng ngn thng c chia lm 3 loi sng
SW1: 3,95MHz 7,95MHz
SW2: 8MHz 16MHz
SW3: 16MHz 24MHz
+ Sng cc ngn:
v
-

FM: 65,8 73MHz

087,5 104 Mhz

Mo tn s: l kh nng khuch i nhng tn s khc nhau s khc nhau do

trong s my thu c cc phn t L, C. Mo tn s c th nh gi bng c
tuyn tn s. cc my thu iu bin AM th di tn m thanh ch vo khong

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

40Hz 6KHz; cn vi my thu iu tn FM th di tn m thanh c th t

30Hz 15KHz.
Ngoi ra ngi ta cn quan tm n cc thng s khc nh mo phi tuyn v
cng sut ra ca my thu thanh.
I. PHN LOI MY THU THANH V S KHI CA MY THU
THANH
Cn c vo cu trc s m ngi ta chia my thu thanh thnh 2 loi:
-

My thu thanh khuch i thng : tn hiu cao tn t Anten c khuch i

thng v a n mch tch sng, mch khuch i m tn m khng qua mch
i tn. i vi dng ny, cu trc s ca my n gin nhng cht lng
thu sng khng cao, chn lc km, khng n nh v kh nng thu khng
ng u trn c bng sng. V vy, hin nay loi my thu ny gn nh khng
cn c s dng.

My thu i tn : tn hiu cao tn c iu ch do Anten thu c c

khuch i ln v bin i v mt tn s trung gian khng i gi l trung tn.
Trung tn thng c chn thp hn cao tn. Tn hiu trung tn sau khi i qua
vi b khuch i trung tn s c a n mch tch sng, mch khuch i
m tn v a ra loa. S khi ca mt my thu i tn c dng nh sau:

Mch
vo

Mch
KCT

Mixer

K
trung
tn

K
m tn

Dao
ng
ni

Hnh 1.1 S khi my thu i tn

My thu i tn c nhng u im sau:

-

khuch i ng u hn trn c bng sng v tn s trung tn tng i

thp v n nh khi tn hiu vo thay i.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch vo lm nhim v chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu v loi tr cc tn hiu

khng cn thu cng nh cc nhiu khc nh c mch cng hng, tn s cng
hng c iu chnh ng bng tn hiu cn thu f0.

Khuch i cao tn : nhm mc ch khuch i bc u cho tn hiu cao tn

thu c t Anten.

B i tn: gm mch dao ng ni v mch trn tn. Khi trn 2 tn s dao

ng ni fn v tn hiu cn thu f0 ta c tn s trung gian hay cn gi l trung
tn, gia tn s dao ng ni v tn s tn hiu cn thu

ftt = f n f = const
0
Khi tn s tn hiu t i pht thay i t f0min f0max th tn s dao ng ni
cng phi thay i t fnmin fnmax m bo hiu s gia chng lun l hng s.
i vi my thu iu bin ( AM ): ftt = 465KHZ hay 455KHz
i vi my thu iu tn ( FM ): ftt = 10,7MHz
-

B khuch i trung tn: c nhim v khuch i tn hiu trung tn n mt gi

tr ln a vo mch tch sng. y l mt tn khuch i chn lc, ti l
mch cng hng c tn s cng hng ng bng trung tn.

Tn tch sng: c nhim v tch tn hiu m tn ra khi tn hiu sng mang cao
tn, sau a tn hiu vo mch khuch i m tn.

S KHI CA MY THU AM V FM STEREO

Hu ht cc my thu thanh hin nay u c 2 chc nng: thu sng iu bin
AM v thu sng cc ngn FM Stereo. S khi ca my thu c dng nh sau:
Knh AM
Mch
vo

Mch
KCT

Mch
i tn

Tch
sng
FM
K
trung
tn

Mch
vo

Mch
KCT

Mch
i tn

Gii
m
Stereo
FM

Tch
sng
AM

Knh FM
Hnh 1.2 S khi my thu AM, FM Stereo

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

K
m tn

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Trong my thu thanh hai bng sng AM & FM c 2 i tn ring bit, 2 khi
khuch i trung tn v m tn c dng chung. Di tn ca b khuch i trung tn
FM rng hn v tn s trung tn FM l 10,7M.
i vi mch tch sng tn s: thng s dng s tch sng t l v c
nhy cao v gim c y bin k sinh.
Khi gii m stereo: c nhim v gii m tn hiu tng R+L v hiu R-L t ng
ra ca mch tch sng phc hi li tn hiu hai knh ring bit R & L.
II.MCH VO:
L mch mc gia Anten v tn u tin ca my thu, c nhim v ch yu l
nhn tn hiu t Anten, chn lc cc tn hiu cn thu, do vy mch vo thng l mch
cng hng. Nhng yu cu c bn i vi mch vo:
-

H s truyn t ln v n nh trn ton bng sng :

KV =

UV
EA

UV: in p a n my thu.
EA: sut in ng cm ng trn Anten.
-

m bo in chn lc: chn lc tn s ln cn, tn s nh f a = f 0 + 2 ftt , v

chn lc tn s lc thng.

m bo mo tn s cho php trong di tn s lm vic t fomin fomax.

II.1) Mch vo ghp in dung:

S mch v v p ng tn s

K0
Cgh(5p-20pF)

Q1

VCC
CX

CT

R1

L1 L2

CE
R2

f0 min
Hnh 1.3 S mch ghp ni in dung & p ng tn s

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

f0 max

to

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Anten c ni vi mch cng hng thng qua in dung ghp Cgh. Mch
cng hung l mt khung cng hng LC, gm mt t xoay Cx, mt t tinh chnh CT
v mt cun dy L1. Tn s cng hng c iu chnh bng ng bng tn s tn
hiu cn thu fo. Qua cun ghp cao tn L1: L2, tn hiu thu c c a n cc
Base ca mch khuch i cao tn.
Tr s ca in dung ghp Cgh= 5 30pF
Nhc im : H s truyn t khng ng u trn c bng sng.
II.2) Mch vo ghp in cm vi Anten.
S mch v p ng tn s:
VCC
R1
Q1

L2

K0

Lgh
R2

L1

CT

CX

f0min

f0max

to

Hnh 1.4 S mch ghp ni in cm & p ng tn s

Tn hiu t Anten qua cun ghp Lgh cm ng qua mch cng hng gm t
Cx, CT v cun dy L1. Mch cng hng c iu chnh chn lc ly tn hiu cn
thu v cm ng sang cun L2 a n cc Base ca mch khuch i cao tn.
H s truyn t ca mch vo dng ny t l vi h s phm cht ca khung
cng hng LC. Mun tng nhy ca mch phi tng L1 v gim Lgh, nhng
L1cng khng th tng qu ln m phi chn dung ha hai gi tr ny trnh nh
hng n tn s cng hng ca mch.
Nhc im ca mch ghp in cm l h s truyn dn cng khng ng u
trn ton bng sng. Tuy nhin so vi mch ghp in dung th mch ny c chn

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

lc cao hn v h s truyn dn cng ng u hn nn c s dng rng ri trong

thc t.
II.3) Mch ghp hn hp in cm in dung:
S mch v p ng tn s :
Cgh

K0
L1

CT

CX

L-C
VCC

Q1

Lgh

L2

R1

f0min

f0max

to

R2

Hnh 1.5 S mch ghp ni hn hp in cm-in dung

y l dng mch vo s dng ng thi c t Cgh, v in cm Lgh do tn

dng c cc u im v b tr c h s truyn t trn ton bng sng cho nn
h s truyn t ca ton mch s phng hn i vi cc my thu c nhiu bng sng,
khi chuyn bng sng phi thay i c cun cng hng L1C v cun cm ng L2
tng ng. Mt s my thu cht lng cao mch vo cn c thm b lc kh nhiu
lt thng, tc l nhiu c tn s ng bng trung tn.
III.MCH KHUCH I CAO TN
B khuch i cao tn c nhim v khuch i tn hiu iu ch cao tn n
mt gi tr nht nh a cho b i tn, cc mch khuch i cao tn thng c
mc kiu CE hoc CB. i vi bng sng AM th kiu mc CE l thch hp v tn
dng c h s khuch i cao ca dng ghp ny, cn i vi bng sng FM th
kiu ghp CB l thch hp hn v c bng thng lm vic rt rng. Tng khuch i
cao tn cng c th l tng khuch i khng cng hng vi ti l in tr, in cm
hoc R-L hay bin p nhng ph bin hn c vn l ti cng hng ti mt tn s no
.
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

S mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l in tr:

VCC
R1
R2

Vout
Q1

Vin

Hnh 1.6 Mch khuch i cao tn ti in tr

y l b khuch i di rng, c h s khuch i tng i ng u trong

mt di rng t vi chc n vi MHz, tuy nhin mch khng c kh nng chn lc
tn s. in tr ti R1 thng c s dng trong khong vi k .
S mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l cun cm mc ni tip vi in tr R
VCC

i vi dng mch ny th khi tn s tn hiu

thu tng th XL s tng theo Z= R+XL tng

Q1

iu ny s lm tng h s khuch i ca
ton mch.

Hnh 1.7 mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l

cun cm mc ni tip vi in tr R
Trong thc t mch khuch i cao tn vi ti cng hng l dng mch c
s dng rng ri hn c, mch ny m nhn c nhim v khuch i tn hiu v chn
lc tn s.
Ti ca mch khuch i cao tn c th l mch cng hng n hoc mch
cng hng kp vi tn s cng hng c nh hoc c th iu chnh c.
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Xem s mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l mch cng hng n:

CX1

L2

C3

Uout

C2

L1

Q1

VCC

f0

Hnh 1.8 mch khuch i cao tn vi ti l mch cng hng n

Ti ca mch l khung cng hng L1C, cc C ca transistor c mc vo

mt phn ca cun L1. Ti tn s cng hng fo, h s khuch i ca mch l ln
nht, khi lch ra khi tn s cng hng h s khuch i ca mch gim nhanh
chng, v vy mch c tnh chn lc vi tn s tn hiu cn thu v loi b cc tn hiu
tn s khc v nhiu.
B khuch i cao tn lm vic mt di tn rng nn kh m bo c h s
khuch i ng u, cho nn trong cc my thu cht lng cao thng dng mch
khuch i cao tn c mch cng hng iu chnh lin tc, tn s cng hng c
iu chnh ng b vi tn s tn hiu cn thu mch vo nh t xoay ng trc.

K2
CT1

1
K1

Kiem tra lai

K3

CT2

-E

bng sng 1, cc chuyn mch K1, K2, K3 u v tr 1, bng sng 2 cc

chuyn mch ny s c ni v tr 2.
IV.MCH I TN
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch i tn l mch bin i tn hiu cao tn iu ch thnh cc tn hiu c

tn s thp hn v khng i gi l trung tn.
Dng ca tn hiu iu ch sau khi i tn khng thay i m ch thay i tn
s sng mang.
Mch i tn gm 2 phn: Mch to dao ng ni v mch i tn ( trn tn ).
Xem s sau:

f0

Mixer

ftt

+
-

fn

Hnh 1.9 Tn hiu trc v sau trn tn

Ngi ta chng minh rng nu trn 2 tn hiu c tn s khc nhau l f1 v f2

trn mt phn t phi tuyn th s nhn c u ra ngoi thnh phn f1, f2 cn xut
hin cc thnh phn tng f1+f2 v hiu f1-f2. Nu dng mch lc cng hng ta d
dng nhn c tn hiu c tn s hiu f1-f2, v tn s hiu ny cng chnh l trung
tn.
tn hiu trung tn c tn s c nh khi tn hiu thu t Anten c tn s fo
bin i th tn s dao ng ni cng phi thay i tng ng, trong my thu thanh
ngi ta gii quyt vn ny bng cch s dng cc t xoay ng trc mch vo
v mch dao ng ni.
my thu AM, ftt = 465KHz hoc 455KHz v ngi ta thng chn fn > f0
ng bng 1 trung tn. Ngc li my thu FM do tn s sng mang cao nn ngi ta
thng chn fn < f0 ng bng 10,7 MHz = ftt FM
C 2 dng mch i tn thng dng: dng dng 1 transistor va lm nhim v
to dao ng ni va lm nhim v trn tn, dng th 2 l dng 2 transistor ring bit
lm 2 nhim v trn.
Trong hu ht cc s mch, mch dao ng ni thng dng l khung cng
hng LC. Tn s dao ng ni c xc nh theo cng thc:
fn =

1
2 LC

Hz v thay i tn s ny ngi ta thng thay i t C

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

10

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Xem s mch in:

VCC

L5
Vout

Lgh

R1

L3
T1

CX

CT

C2

L1

L2
C1

R2

R2

L4

CT

CX

Hnh 1.10 Mch trn tn

Trong s trn T1 va lm nhim v dao ng va lm nhim v trn tn.

in p tn hiu c a vo cc B, in p dao ng ni c a vo cc E
Khi to dao ng th C1 c xem nh ni mass cho cc B, mch tr thnh
ghp BC v thnh phn quyt nh dao ng l khung L4C2, tn hiu dao ng ni
c a n cc E bng t C2, y chnh l thnh phn hi tip dng trn vi tn
hiu cn thu.
Khi lm nhim v trn tn th C2 v L4 xem nh ni mass cho E v T1 l mch
ghp CE. Tn hiu trn tn c a vo cc B v ly ra t cun cm ng trn khung
cng hng t cc C.
Nhc im ca mch ny l n nh km do transistor m nhn cng lc
2 nhim v dao ng v trn tn.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

11

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch i tn dng 2 transistor:

VCC

R1

L6

L7

C3
T1

C1

C2

L1

L2

R2

VCC

L4 C7

C8

L3
T2

VCC
L5

Hnh 1.11 Mch i tn dng 2 transistor

Trong s mch trn T1 ng vai tr mch trn tn, T2 ng vai tr mch dao
ng ni, tn s dao ng ni c quyt nh bi L4, C7 v C8
Hot ng ca mch nh sau: tn hiu cao tn t khung CL1 cm ng qua L2
kt hp vi tn hiu t mch dao ng ni cm ng trn cun L3, c t vo cc B
ca T1. T1 thc hin vic trn ln 2 tn hiu v khuch i chn lc lc ly tn hiu
trung tn nh khung cng hng CL6 mc cc C ca T1. Tn hiu trung tn ny
c cm ng qua L7 i n cc tng tip theo.
Vic phn cc ( chn gi tr cho R1, R2 ) l rt quan trng v n nh hng n
kh nng trn tn v khuch i ca mch.
Trong cc my thu hin i, thng ngi ta dng 1 IC thc hin cc chc
nng: khuch i cao tn, to dao ng ni, trn v i tn. Xem mch sau ( p dng
thu sng FM )

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

12

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

VCC
L3

VCC

C4

C5

10

12

7
3
C3

L1

CA3005
6

L4

L5

11
8

C1

L2

C2

VCC

Hnh 1.12 Mch i tn dng IC

Tn hiu thu c t Anten qua mch ghp a vo chn 10 ca IC khuch

i v trn tn.
Chn 10 IC c mc vi khung L2C2 to dao ng ni cung cp cho mch
trn tn ti ng vo chn 1 nh t C4.
L3 v C5 l mch cng hng ni tip chn lc tn hiu trung tn.
V. MCH KHUCH I TRUNG TN
Khi khuch i trung tn l mt mch khuch i cng hng c nhim v
khuch i tn hiu trung tn n mt gi tr ln a vo mch tch sng, b
khuch i trung tn quyt nh phn ln chn lc v nhy ca my thu.
Nu dng transistor ri, khi trung tn c th gm 1, 2 hoc 3 tng khuch i
ghp, cn nu dng IC th mch khuch i trung tn thng c tch hp chung vi
mch tch sng.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

13

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Xem s mch khuch i trung tn cng hng n:

VCC
C3

C4

L2 L3
Q1
VCC

L1

R1

R3
C2

C1

R2

ftt

Hnh 1.13 Mch khuch i trung tn

C4L2: khung cng hng ti tn s trung tn

R1R2: phn cc cho mch khuch i trung tn
R3: in tr n nh nhit v ng vai tr mch hi tip dng ni tip
C2: t thot cao tn ( loi b hi tip p ni tip )
T C3: hi tip p song song n nh tn hiu ra
Mch c h s khuch i rt ln ti tn s trung tn, ti cc tn s khc h s
khuch i gim nhanh chng.
u im: h s khuch i kh ln, chn lc cao
Nhc im:
Di thng hp, trung thc km
Mun tng nhy ca my thu thng ngi ta chn phng php tng
khuch i ca mch khuch i trung tn, tuy nhin trong mch trn, khi tng
h s khuch i hin tng t kch. V vy ngi ta thng mc thm t
C3 to mch hi tip m p song song cho mch

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

14

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Mch khuch i cng hung kp:

VCC

Vout

Q1

Vin

R3
C2

ftt

C1

Hnh 1.14 Mch khuch i trung tn cng hng kp

Nguyn tc hot ng tng t nh mch cng hng n, nhng trong mch

ny s dng b ghp hai khung cng hng ti cc tn s ln cn tri v phi ca tn
s trung tn. Kt qu ta c c tuyn ca mch nh hnh trn, iu ny ci thin
c khuyt im bng tn hp ca mch cng hung n.
Mch khuch i trung tn s dng mch cng hng c tham s tp trung (
hay b lc tp trung )
VCC

L1
yellow

C1

L2
white

C2

C3

VCC

Q1

K/D
cong
huong

L3
red

Hnh 1.15 mch khuch i trung tn tham s tp trung

Hin nay trong mt s s my hin i ngi ta cn dng b lc gm p

in, c kch thc nh, h s phm cht cao. B lc dng ny hot ng da trn
nguyn l p in.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

15

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

In

Out

Hnh 1.15 B lc theo nguyn l p in

Khi t vo ng vo In 1 in p c tn s ng bng tn s dao ng ring ca

tinh th thch anh s to ra c 1 dao ng c hc trn tinh th ny vi tn s dao
ng ng bng tn s dao ng ca n. Ti u cui ca tinh th ny ngi ta p mt
in cc vo to ra tn hiu in c bin ln v tn s la chn.
VI. MCH TCH SNG
1. Tch sng bin
Mch tch sng bin thng s dng l mch tch sng diode. Nu diode
mc ni tip vi in tr ti gi l tch sng diode, nu diode mc song song vi in
tr ti gi l tch sng song song. Mch tch sng song song c dng trong trng
hp cn ngn thnh phn mt chiu vi trung tn. Tuy nhin, trong thc t ngi ta
hay dng mch tch sng ni tip.
D1

VR

Tang
khuech
dai

Hnh 1.16 mch tch sng ni tip

Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: diode D1 v t C trong mch ng vai tr mch

chnh lu cao tn c tc dng chnh lu v lc thnh phn tn hiu trung tn v gi li
thnh phn tn hiu m tn.
Do mch tch sng ch hot ng tn s trung tn nn vic chn loi diode v
gi tr t C phi ph hp.
Trong thc t C = 5 20nF; R = 5 10 K. Diode tch sng phi s dng
loi chuyn dng.
Trong mt s my thu ngi ta cn s dng mch tch sng dng transistor.
Thng thng trong cc mch ny, transistor c phn cc ch khuch i yu.
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

16

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Dng mch nh sau:

VCC

T1

L2

E+

C3

L1

Hnh 1.17 Mch tch sng dng Transistor

Tn hiu trung tn cm ng trn cun L2 c a n cc B ca T1 khuch

i. Tn hiu sau khi khuch i c lc bi t C3, ch gi li thnh phn tn hiu m
tn ly ra nh bin tr ti a n mch khuch i m tn.
2. Mch tch sng tn hiu iu tn :
Mch s dng ph bin l mch tch sng t l ( FM radio detector ). Dng
mch nh sau:
D1

U1'

C4

L2

R3

R1
C6

C3
D2

L1

-U1'
L3

C5

R2

R4

C1

Vc

U0
C2

den K/D
am tan

Hnh 1.18 Mch tch sng iu tn t l

Tn hiu iu tn cm bin trn cun L2 to ra hai in p bng nhau nhng

ngc pha 1800 ( U1* v - U1* ). Hai diode D1, D2 mc ngc chiu np cho t C6
mt in p khng i.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

17

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

T in C4 = C5 ; in tr R1 = R2. in p ti im gia cun dy L2 ng

bng in p tn hiu trung tn Utt nh t ghp C2, do vy in p t trn hai u D1
v D2 c gi tr ln lt l :
U tt + U1 v U tt U1

Hai thnh phn in p ny c tch sng bin nh diode D1, C4, R1 v D2,
C5, R2.
Khi tn s thay i in p trn C4 v C5 thay i lm cho in p ra thay i
theo, nh tn hiu m tn c hi phc.
VII. MCH T NG IU CHNH H S KHUCH I
Do nhiu nguyn nhn m tn hiu do my thu thu c c th khng ng u
nhau, lc mnh, lc yu iu dn n m lng thay i lc to, lc nh. hn ch
iu ny v gi cho m lng my thu n nh khi tn hiu vo thay i trong mt
phm vi rng, thng thng trong cc my thu thanh c thit k thm mch t ng
iu chnh h s khuch i cho cc tn khuch i cao tn v trung tn. Khi tn hiu
thu yu, h s khuch i cc tng tng ln v khi tn hiu thu tng ln th h s
khuch i ca cc tng ny gim i. Xem mch sau:
VCC
D1

L2

T1

VCC
R1

Rf

L1

R2

Hnh 1.19 Mch t ng iu chnh h s K/ trung tn

Trn y l s mch t ng iu chnh h s khuch i cho mt tng

khuch i trung tn. Trong R1, R2 l mch phn cc ban u cho tng khuch i
T1. Khi tn hiu thu ln, in p ng ra mch tch sng D1 m mnh, thnh phn in
p ny c hi tip mt phn v phn cc li cho T1 nh in tr hi tip Rf, iu
ny lm T1 dn yu do gim khuch i ca mch.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

18

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

Khi tn hiu thu nh, in p sau mch tch sng D1 t m hn, iu ny lm

tng in p phn cc T1 v lm tng h s khuch i ca mch.
Cu trc ca dng mch trn n gin nhng mc phi mt nhc im ln l
lm thay i im lm vic tnh ca T1 cho nn d dn n hin tng mo dng tn
hiu.
ci thin nhc im ny, trong thc t ngi ta s dng mch phn dng
bng diode. Xem mch sau:

VCC

Q1

E+

A
C1

L1

Tu
mach
DET

Hnh 1.20 Mch phn dng dng diode

Transistor Q1 l tng khuch i trung tn u tin sau b i tn. Diode D

c mc gia im A v B lm nhim v phn dng. Khi cha c tn hiu, mch
c iu chnh sao cho in th ti im B dng hn im A, diode phn cc
ngc, xem nh h mch. Mch cng hng L1, C1 hot ng bnh thng.
Khi tn hiu vo ln, in p ti C t tng tch sng hi tip v lm transistor
Q1 dn yu, dng in IC gim, ko theo in p ti B gim, lc ny in p ti A li
ln do diode phn cc thun, im A xem nh ni tt vi im B lm tn hiu vo
gim nhanh chng. iu ny lm gim ng k tn hiu ra ca mch.
VIII. MY THU FM STEREO
Nguyn tc iu ch tn hiu FM hai knh L, R Vit Nam nh sau: Trc
tin, tn hiu L v R c a vo khi mch ma trn to thnh tn hiu tng L+R
v tn hiu L-R. Tn hiu L+R c a n b trn ngang qua mt dy tr. Tn hiu
L-R c a n mch iu bin cn bng s dng tn s sng mang ph 38Khz.
Ri a n b trn tn hiu trn ln vi tn hiu L+R c lm tr.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

19

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

V mch iu ch cn bng trit tiu tn s sng mang ph 38KHz nn ta

phi m rng thm tn hiu sng mang chnh ( tn hiu li) 19KHz vo b trn v a
ra tng khuch i pht FM.

L
R

Ma
trn

Mch
cng

Delay

iu bin
cn bng

My
pht
FM

L+R

19KHz

L-R
38KHz Nhn
tn

L-R

19Khz 38Khz 54

Hnh 1.21 S khi my pht FM Stereo

Do cu trc ca my pht FM Stereo c dng nh trn, nn s khi ca my

thu FM Stereo c dng.
IF

Tch
sng FM

2R
2L

LPF L+R Matrn

0-16K
L-R

Tch
19KHz

BBF
22-54K

Tch sng
bin
38KHz

So pha

VCO
76K

Chia tn

Chia tn

Hnh 1.22 S khi my thu Stereo

Sau mch tch sng FM ta nhn c 3 tn hiu: tn hiu L+R c tch ra nh

LPF; tn hiu R-L c iu bin ti tn s 38KH v tn hiu li 19KHz. phc hi
tn hiu L R ngi ta s dng b dao ng VCO c iu khin bi sng mang
19KHz dao ng to ra bi VCO ( 76KHz) c chia i a n mch tch sng
Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng

Bi ging thit b u cui vin thng

20

bin hi phc tn hiu L R. Tn hiu L + R v L R c a vo khi ma trn

to tn hiu 2L, 2R.

Th.S Trn Vit Thng, ch bin; Ths. V nh Tng