1

CC CCH TNH TON GI TR H S T L

CA H S NN I VI T ST YU
Ts. Phan Dng

1. Gii thiu chung

1.1
i vi vic tnh ton kt cu trn nn n hi ni chung v cc chu lc ngang
ni ring, vn mu cht l xc nh gi tr v quy lut phn b phn lc t p(z).
Mun th, ta c th dng cc phng php da trn l thuyt n hi, l thuyt do v
phng php phn lc nn hay cn gi l phng php h s nn. phng php sau
cng ny, cc tnh cht c hc ca kt cu (cc) v ca t nn c gp chung vo
trong mt tham s: h s phn lc nn (h s nn). Theo Terzaghi [1], h s nn l t
s gia phn lc n v, p(z) v chuyn v ngang tng ng, y(z):

k ( z) =

p( z )
= f (z)
y( z )

(1)

Khi tnh cc chu lc ngang, TCXD 205:1998 [8] dng quan h sau:

k (z) = kz

(2)

V k(z) c th nguyn kN / m 3 nn k, c gi l h s t l ca h s nn, c th

nguyn kN / m 4 .
Trong bo co tng kt chuyn thit k cc chu lc ngang [5], Elson (2005)
1.2
gii thiu ba nhm phng php xc nh h s nn, c th ghi nhn nh sau:
1. Nhm th nht: thit lp tng quan gia h s nn vi cc tham s c hc ch
yu ca t, c bit i vi t st yu l sc chng ct khng thot nc, S u :
2. Nhm th hai: h s nn c xc nh trc tip t kt qu th nghim t hin
trng, v d nh th nghim nn ngang trong h khoan: iu kin ng sut
c to ra trong th nghim rt tng ng vi phn lc t ln mt cc chu
lc ngang.
3. Nhm th ba: h s nn c th thu c t kt qu th nghim cc chu lc
ngang.
a. i vi cc gn thit b o, t momen un o c cho php tm c phn
lc t v chuyn v ngang.

2
b. i vi cc khng gn thit b o, t ng cong Q 0 ~ y 0 (quan h gia
lc ngang v chuyn v ngang ti mc mt t) o c theo cch lm trong
[7] c th tm c gi tr h s nn. Mc d sai s ca th nghim ny dn
n gia tng sai s ca gi tr h s nn (v h s bin dng l hm m ca
k) nhng cch lm trn cng cho ta s liu tin cy thit k.
1.3

Da vo cc phn tch nu trn, mc tiu c t ra cho bi vit ny l:

1. Xt mt cc chu lc ngang ng vo nn t nh trong [9], vi lp chu lc l

mt lp st yu dy trn mt c ch s st I L > 1,0 .
2. i vi nhng loi t nh th, gi tr h s t l ca h s nn khng cho trong
bng G.1, ph lc G, TCXD 205:1998. Hn na, kinh nghim cho thy vic xc
nh ng n ch s st I L ca t st, c bit i vi t st yu bo ha
nc, l rt kh khn.
3. Do vy, c th tnh ton cc v mng cc chu lc ngang theo TCXD
205:1998 th vic cn thit u tin l phi bit gi tr h s t l ca h s nn
i vi mt cc cho trc ng trong nn st yu nh th.
Ni dung ca bi bo l da trn s phi hp nhm th nht v nhm th ba,
xut cch xc nh gi tr h s t l ca h s nn k ca t st yu bng tnh ton,
hay ni chnh xc hn, da trn cc phng php tnh ton tin cy v cc chu lc
ngang.

2. Ba cch tnh gi tr h s t l ca h s nn
2.1

Phng php lun

1. Gi tr h s t l ca h s nn k (t nay v sau cho gn, ta gi l h s t

l) ca t st yu c xc nh i vi cc u t do, khng c chiu cao t
do, ch chu lc nm ngang Q 0 ti mc mt t, gy ra chuyn v nm ngang
ca u cc y 0 theo ng ni dung m t nhm th ba b trong mc trc
hoc trong [7].
2. i vi t yu ni chung, v st yu bo ha nc ni ring, vic xc nh
ng n cc ch tiu trng thi vt l ca t tnh ton cc l rt kh khn
v i khi l khng th c. V th, vic nh gi h s t l trong trng hp
ny, nh nhm th nht nu, s ch yu da trn sc chng ct khng thot
nc ca t st c gi tr thay i theo su z vi quy lut [9]:
S u = a + bz

(3)

3. Gi tr h s t l s c xc nh trn ng cong quan h gia lc nm

ngang Q 0 v chuyn v nm ngang y 0 ti u cc. Nh vy, thay v tin hnh

3
th nghim ta cn phi chn dng cc phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang
thch hp v tin cy thu c ng cong Q 0 ~ y 0 . l:
-

Phng php Dawson (1980),

Phng php Randolph (1981) v

Phng phpMurthy (1995).

Sau khi ng cong Q 0 ~ y 0 c xp x bi ng thng Q 0 ~ y 0 trong

khong [0, y 0.gh ] i vi cc di mm, biu thc (G.9) [8] c dng:

y0 =

2,431
3 EI

Q0

kD tt
=

EI

(4)

0, 2

(5)

Hai phng trnh ny cho php ta tm c k.

4. Chuyn v nm ngang gii hn, y0.gh l mt i lng rt quan trng khi xc
nh gi tr h s t l. Khc vi mt s tiu chun thit k: y0.gh c quy nh
trc (v d TCXD 205:1998, y 0. gh = 10mm ). y y0.gh xut pht t iu
kin bn chu un ca cc nh m t trn s hnh 1. Gi tr y0.gh c chn
ng vi 50% ca Q 0.u l mc an ton c th chp nhn trong thc t thit k
c k hiu y0.50 .
Da trn phng php lun nh vy, ta c th xut ba cch c th tm gi tr
h s t l nh s trnh by sau y.

Hnh 1: S xc nh chuyn v nm ngang gii hn.

4
2.2

Cch th nht: da trn ng cong Q 0 ~ y 0 ca phng php Dawson

(1980).
Ni dung tm tt li gii ca Dawson [2].

1.

a. ng cong p-y c dng n gin: a tuyn tnh theo iu kin ng sutbin dng ca vt liu n hi-do l tng vi hai tham s c trng k
hiu N v k (H.2e).
b. Di tc dng ca lc ngang ln, cc s chuyn v v trong ton b tng
t m cc ng qua s hnh thnh hai vng phn bit: vng pha trn l
vng do cn vng cn li pha di vng n hi (H.2d).
c. Chuyn v - ni lc trong cc, lc ny c xc nh bi li gii gii tch
ca phng trnh vi phn un cc bc 4 vi vic quan trng u tin l nh
gi chiu su vng do L d .

Hnh 2: S tnh ton cc chu lc ngang ca Dawson.

a) S cc, b) Biu sc chng ct khng thot nc, c) Biu chuyn v ngang,
d) Biu phn lc t, e) ng cong p-y.
Trnh t tnh ton

2.

Cc cng thc tnh c th y ly t [10].

Bc 1: Tnh gi tr mt s i lng:
-

Cc h s ca phn lc t trong vng do P1 v P2 .

H s bin dng .

Bc 2: Tm gi tr lc ngang gii hn Q 0.u t iu kin momen un ln nht

trong M max bng momen kh nng chu lc ca cc [M]. Vi cc thp momen kh
nng chu lc [M] c th l momen gii hn chy hoc gii hn do; cn i vi cc
b tng ct thp, nn chn l momen kh nng chng nt ca tit din cc.

5
Cch tm momen un ln nht trong cc, n gin nh sau: M max xut hin trong
vng do, do vy v tr xy ra m men ny Z M c xc nh d dng t iu kin lc
ct cc trong vng do bng khng:

1
P2 Z 2 + P1 Z Q 0 = 0
2

(6)

Gii phng trnh bc hai ny, c Z M v gi tr momen un ln nht M max s

bng:
M max = Q 0 Z M

1
1
P1 Z 2M P2 Z 3M
6
2

(7)

ng vi Q 0.u ta c y 0.u .
Bc 3: Cho cc gi tr lc ngang Q 0 tng dn t O n Q 0 ng vi mi gi tr ta
tnh c chuyn v ngang u cc. Kt qu l xy dng c ng cong quan h
Q 0 ~ y 0 ti u cc O1AB (xem hnh 1)
Bc 4: Quy nh gi tr lc ngang gii hn tnh ton Q 0 . Da trn kinh nghim
thit k mng cc ca nhiu nc, chng ti ngh dng gi tr sau:
Q0 =

1
Q 0.u
2

(8)

Sau khi c gi tr lc ngang gii hn ta xc nh c chuyn v ngang u cc

tng ng y 0.50 .
Bc 5: Tm gi tr h s t l k 1 :
1
Q 0.u v y 0 , quan h Q 0 ~ y 0 phi tuyn theo ng O1A c
2
xp x bng on thng O2A ging nh s nguyn tc th nghim cc chu lc
ngang xc nh h s t l k 1 .
Trong phm vi

Lc ny ta c th dng cng thc (4) v (5) tnh gi tr h s t l.

Bc 6: Kim tra iu kin s dng gi tr k 1 :
Chiu dy lp t yu H y phi tha mn iu kin:
H y L d +
y

H y = chiu dy lp t yu (m)
L d = chiu su vng do (m)

(9)

6
k
4 EI

=4

(10)

Ghi ch:
a. C th chn dng mt phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang n hi do
khc thay cho Dawson, min l chnh xc, tin dng v thch hp.
b. Da vo ng cong Q 0 ~ y 0 thu c bng cch nu trn, nu n nh
y 0.gh = 10mm ta s tm c gi tr h s t l k hiu k 1.10 ging nh ph
lc G, TCXD 205:1998 (xem hnh 1).
2.3
Cch th hai: ng nht cc gi tr chuyn v nm ngang ca u cc gia li
gii ca Randolph vi TCXD 205:1998.
1.

Ni dung tm tt li gii ca Randolph (1981).

a. Xt mt cc chu lc ngang, khng c chiu cao t do, chiu di trong t L
vi tham s chu un c trng: Modun Young c hiu ca cc E p :
Ep =

r0 =

EI

(11)

r04
4

1
D
2

(12)

b. Nn t l bn khng gian n hi c c trng bi modun trt trung

bnh G c tnh trn ton b chiu di ti hn l c ca cc. Nu l c < L th cc l
loi di mm. Quan h gia l c v G c nh sau:
l c = 2r0 (

Ep
Gc

2
7
)

(13)

Randolph cn a vo h s ng nht c xt mc bin i cng

ca nn theo su

c =

G c (z =
Gc

1
lc )
4

(14)

c. ng dng phng php phn t hu hn kt hp vi phng php nghin

cu tham s gii bi ton cc chu lc ngang. Sau khi x l mt khi
lng ln kt qu tnh ton, tc gi cho cng thc chuyn v ti mt t theo
cc lc ngang v cc tham s c trng va nu vi dng quen thuc nh
sau:

f QQ

y 0 = f QQ Q 0 + f QM M 0

(15)

0 = f MQ Q 0 + f MM M 0

(16)

Ep

G
c
= 0,27
cG c

f QM = f MQ

f MM
2.

1/ 7

1
lc
2

Ep

G
c
= 0,3
cG c

Ep

G
c
= 0,8
cG c

(17)

1/ 7

1
lc
2

(18)

1/ 7

1
lc
2

(19)

Trnh t tnh ton:

Bc 1: Tnh modun Young c hiu ca cc E p .
Bc 2: Xc nh ng thi chiu di ti hn ca cc l c v modun trt trung

bnh G c trn chiu di y da vo ng thc (13) bng phng php lp n.

Bc 3: Tm h s ng nht ca nn t c .
Bc 4: Tnh gi tr h s bin dng thu c nh ng nht (4) vi (15):

= 1,65

cG clc

EI p

G
c

2/7

(20)

Bc 5: t va tm c theo (20) vo v tri ca (5) nhn c gi tr ca

h s t l, k hiu k 2 .
Bc 6: Kim tra iu kin ng ca k 2 :

H y < l c
y 0.gh

= 0,1r0

(21)

Ghi ch:
a. i vi t st yu, m un trt c th ly bng:
G s = (50 80)S u
b. H s Poisson trong iu kin khng thot nc s = 0,5 .

(22)

8
c. Nu n nh y 0 .gh = 10mm cn h s t l tng ng, k hiu k 2.10 th theo
(20), ta lun c: k 2 = k 2.10
2.4
1.

Cch th ba: ng dng phng php trc tip ca Murthy (1995):

Ni dung tm tt li gii ca Murthy (1995)

a. Xt mt cc di mm chu va lc ngang Q va momen M, c th nh
cng thc (37) trong [11] quy i v trng hp cc chu mt lc ngang
tng ng ti mt t Q 0 e bng:
Q 0e = Q(1 + 0,167e)
e=

M
Q

(23)
(24)

Khi , cng thc tnh chuyn v ngang (37) tr thnh:

y0 =

2,43
3 EI

Q 0e

(25)

b. Da trn phn tch th nguyn, tc gi thit lp nn hai nhm khng th

nguyn i vi cc trong t st l Fn v Fp :
Fn =
Fp =

(kD tt ) Q oe (1 + e D)1,5
S1u,5
EID
Q oe

(26)

(27)

c. X l thng k rt nhiu s liu th nghim cc chu lc ngang ti hin

trng trong t st, tc gi thu c quan h:
Fn = 125Fp

(28)

d. T rt ra cng thc trc tip tnh h s t l sau y:

(kD tt ) =
2.

125S1u,5 EID /(1 + e / D)1,5

Q1oe,5

(29)

Trnh t tnh ton:

Ngoi phng php lun nu, khi ng dng phng php Murthy vo vic tnh
ton h s t l, k hiu k 3 , ta cn phi mn li gii ca Randolph xc nh chiu
di ti hn l c .
Bc 1: Ging bc 1 v bc 2 ca cch th hai

9
Bc 2: T (3), tm sc chng ct khng thot nc trung bnh ca t st yu
trn ton chiu di ti hn l c
Su = a + b

lc
2

(30)

Bc 3: Trong trng hp ny (29) c dng n gin:

1,5

k3 =

125S u

EID

D tt Q10,5

(31)

Cho mt gi tr Q 0 , nh (31) tnh c k 3 , ri dng (5) tm c . Tip theo,

chuyn v ngang y 0 xc nh t (4) cn gi tr momen max M max c tnh nh (39)
trong [11] dng n gin:
M max =

0,77
Q0

(32)

ng vi mt b gi tr Q 0 cho trc, bng tnh ton, ta thu c mt b s liu

gm ( k 3 , y 0 , M max ) v v nn th hnh 3.

Hnh 3: S tnh h s t l ca h s nn theo phng php Murthy

Bc 4: p momen kh nng chu lc ca cc [M] vo trc tung, theo hng mi
1
tn ch trn hnh 3 ta xc nh c cc lc ngang Q 0.u v Q 0.u ri tm c ng
2
thi y 0.50 cng nh gi tr h s t l k3.
Ghi ch:
a. Nu n nh y 0.gh = 10mm ta s tm c gi tr h s t l, k hiu k 3.10
nh ph lc G, TCXD 205: 1998.

10
b. Cng ging nh cch th nht, c th khng nht thit phi xy dng
th hnh 3 m ch cn mt s php tnh tm cc lc ngang gii hn. iu ny
s c lm sng t qua v d minh ha.

3. V d:
3.1

S liu cho trc: cc ng thp D = 400 ng trong nn t 2 lp vi lp t st

yu dy 18m trn mt (xem hnh 4).
Yu cu xc nh gi tr h s t l k theo 3 cch nh trn.

Hnh 4: S cc cng vi s liu a cht

3.2
1.

Cch th nht:
Kt qu tnh ton ca ba bc u tin l b s liu Q 0 , y 0 v M max cho
bng 1 v nn th hnh 5.
T y xc nh c Q 0.u =147,526 kN v Q 0 =

1
Q 0.u = 73,763 kN.
2

Bng 1: Chuyn v ni lc ca cc theo phng php Dawson.

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Q0

y0

M max

k1

(kN)

(mm)

(kNm)

(kNm4)

0
10
20
30
40
50
60
73.763

0
0.224
0.681
2.112
5.342
11.298
20.958
42.164

0
3.406
13.223
28.953
50.198
76.631
107.979
158.732

126398.0
62896.1
18744.1
6447.81
2683.9
1298.64
571.647

STT
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Q0

y0

M max

k1

(kN)

(mm)

(kNm)

(kNm4)

55.425
82.267
116.868
160.233
213.358
277.225
352.806
417.992

184.508
229.305
278.238
331.164
387.953
448.489
512.663
563.301

414.756
261.324
173.511
120.195
86.2916
63.6801
48.2105
39.657

80
90
100
110
120
130
140
147.526

11

103.k1 (kN/m4)

Hnh 5: th chuyn v ni lc ca cc theo phng php Dawson (1980)

2.

Thc hin bc 4:
a. Chiu su vng do L d :
0,3173L3d + 7,7705L2d 44,4187 L d 84,4262 = 0
L d = 6,0606m
b. Ni lc ti ranh gii vng do vng n hi:
Q * = 51,415kN v M * = 107,234kNm.
c. Gi tr hng s tch phn C 2 = 3155,6166kNm 3 .
d. Chuyn v ngang gii hn ti mt t.
y 0.50 = 42,164mm

3.

Tm h s bin dng t (4):

2,431 Q 0
=

EI
y o.gh

= 0,3845m 1

Cn gi tr h s t l suy ra t (5):

k1 =
4.

5 EI
= 571,647 kN / m 4
D tt

Bc 5: Kim tra iu kin (9):

Ld +

3
= 13,863m < H y = 18m

12
Ghi ch: Nu n nh y 0.u = 10mm th ta s tm c lc ngang tng ng
Q 0.10 = 47,821kN . Gi tr h s t l:
k 1.10 = 3054,865kN / m 4
3.3

Cch th hai:

1.

Bc 1: Modun n hi c hiu ca cc E p = 59557371,3kN / m 2

2.

Bc 2: Chn dng G s = 50S u .

Sau 11 vng lp, xc nh c ng thi l c = 8,89969 8,9m

G c = 1146,3905kN / m 2
3.

Bc 3: Gi tr ca h s ng nht c = 0,7999 .

4.

Bc 4: Gi tr ca h s bin dng c xc nh theo (20) = 0,4704m 1

5.

Bc 5: Nh (5) ta tm c gi tr h s t l k 2 = 1567,023kN / m 4

6.

Bc 6: Kim tra iu kin (21)

l c = 8,9m < H y = 18m
Chuyn v ngang gii hn: y o. gh = 35mm .
Cch th 3:

3.4

Gp bc 1 v bc 2: vi kt qu ca cch hai: l c = 8,9m theo (30):

1.

S u = 16,675kN / m 2
2.

Bc 3: Cng thc (31) c dng:

k3 =

3,111 10 6
Q10,5

Kt qu tnh ton bc ny cho ta b s liu Q 0 , y 0 , M max v k 3 ghi bng 2

v v nn th hnh 6.

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Bng 2: Chuyn v-ni lc ca cc theo phng php Murthy

k3
Q0
y0
M max
Q0
y0
M max
(kN)
0
10
20
30
50
70
100
120

(mm)

(kNm)

0
0
0.26
7.153
0.971 17.612
2.098 29.834
5.539 57.959
10.497 89.761
20.671 142.711
29.229 180.881

(kN / m )
4

98382
34783.3
18933.6
8799.55
5312.12
3111.11
2366.7

STT
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

k3

(kN)
(mm)
(kNm) (kN / m 4 )
140 39.175 221.016
1878.12
143.759 41.197 228.762
1804.94
160 50.488 262.914
1537.22
180 63.151 306.417
1288.27
220 92.463 397.748
953.413
787.055
250 117.883 469.656
664.015
280 146.206 544.206
638.146
287.517 153.753
563.3

13

103.k3 (kN/m4)

Hnh 6: th chuyn v-ni lc ca cc theo phng php Murthy (1995)

Bc 4: p iu kin M max = [M ] trn th hnh 6, theo hng mi tn ta tm

3.

c k 3 = 1804,94kN / m 4 .
Ghi ch th nht: C th xc nh nhanh h s t l ca h s nn nh sau y.
Bc 1: Th v sai tm lc ngang gii hn Q 0.u
a.

Thc hin tnh ton vi hai gi tr lc ngang gn lc ngang gii hn (bng 3).
Bng 3:
Q 0 = 280 kN

Q 0 = 290 kN

k (kN / m 4 )

664.015

629.968

(m 1 )
M max (kNm)

0.396173

0.392024

544.206

569.607

b. Tm lc ngang gii hn:

Q o.u = 280 + (290 280)

563,3 544,206
= 287,517 kN
569,607 544,206

Bc 2: Mt na gi tr lc ngang gii hn:

Q0 =

1
Q0.u = 143,759 kN
2

Bc 3: Tnh h s t l v cc i lng tnh ton khc:

14
k 3 = 1804,94 (kN / m 4 )
= 0,483885 (m 1 )
y o.50 = 41,197 mm
Ghi ch th 2: Ta cng c th tm gi tr h s t l ng vi y 0 .gh = 10mm bng
phng php Murthy, k hiu k 3.10 .
T bng 2, ta nhn thy vi Q o = 70kN th y 0 = 10,497mm > 10mm. Vy cn
phi tnh b sung vi mt lc ngang nh hn, v d chn Q o = 65kN v thu c
chuyn v ngang tng ng y 0 =9,118mm. Khi lc ngang ng vi chuyn v gii
hn y 0.gh = 10mm s bng:
Q o.10 = 65 + (70 65)

(10 9,118)
= 68,198kN
(10,497 9,118)

Nh (31) ta c:
k 3.10 = k 3 = 5524,05kN / m 4
3.5
1.

H s t l i vi cc n chu lc ngang:
Tnh thm gi tr cc h s t l:
iu kin t nn:
A: ging nh cho trong hnh 4

S = 5,2 + 1,7z ( kPa )

B: u
' = 5,3 ( kN / m 3 )
iu kin cc chu lc ngang:
Kch thc tit din ngang 400 v 600mm.
Vt liu cc: b tng ct thp v thp.
S dng ba cch tnh kin ngh trn y c thm gi tr h s t l trong cc
iu kin khc nhau v ghi vo bng 4.

15

Bng 4: Gi tr h s t l thu c bng ba cch tnh ton kin ngh

S = 10 + 1,5z (kPa)
A u
(kN/m 3 )
' = 5,4

iu kin t

Phng php tnh

Dawson
4

H s t l k (kN / m )
Chuyn v ngang yo.u (mm)
Chuyn v ngang yo.50 (mm)

D400

Cc tit din vung, b

tng ct thp,
[M]=110kNm
Cc ng b tng ct thp
ng sut trc
[M]=82,3kNm.

D600

Cc ng thp
[M]=563,3kNm
Cc ng b tng ct thp
ng sut trc
[M]=243kNm
Cc ng thp
[M]=1272kNm

Randolph

k1

S = 5,2 + 1,7 z (kPa)

B u
(kN/m 3 )
' = 5,3
Murthy

Dawson

k3

y o .u
yo.50
15715
26.075
2.559
18747
25.21
2.418
572
417.992
42.164
12714
28.97
3.073
644
356.15
37.992

k 1.10
3210

k 2 = k 2.10
1830

4.501
2004

4.623
1567

10
3300

1213

10

1805

k 3.10
5462
10
5425
10
5524

y o .u
yo.50
5481
33.71
3.869
6305
33.29
3.709
236

41.187

60.874

7949

1666
148.74
39.854

4878
10
4857
10

Murthy
k3

485.67

5.385
1040

k1

153.753

20.097

10
3006

9964
17.255

10
3055

10247
16.797

10
3564

y o .u
y o.50

Randolph

4834
36.321
4.468
290
403.664
52.925

k 1.10
1851

k 2 = k 2.10
1032

5.038
1101

5.216
897

45.8
722

10

6225
22.159

10
1833

1383
171.058

10
1972

7344
19.474

10
1750

7728
18.804

10
2004

y o .u
yo.50

5.937
637

1150
162.05
52.869

k 3.10
4498
10
4394
10
4578
10
4127
10
4283
10

16
Bnh lun v nhn xt ban u:

2.
a.

Gi tr h s t l thu c bng tnh ton phn nh tng i y cc

yu t nh hng nh:

Loi cc: b tng ct thp, thp;

Kch thc cc;

Kh nng chu un ca cc;

Cc tnh cht vt l - c hc ca t st yu, c bit l sc chng ct

khng thot nc;

Phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang c chn dng;

Cch xc nh h s t l, ngha l cch chn gi tr gii hn ca lc

ngang v chuyn v ngang ti u cc.

b. Cng chnh v th m gi tr h s t l trong bng 4 khng ging nhau ngay

c trong cng mt iu kin xut pht. Vy chng ta nh gi chnh xc
ca kt qu thu c nh th no? tr li cu hi ny, xin dn ra hai c
liu sau:

Th nht: trong [6], bng 5-6, trang 75 c khuyn ngh gi tr h s k

(kN / m 3 ) khi h s nn tng tuyn tnh theo chiu su theo sc chng
ct khng thot nc S u ca t st (trng hp ti ngang tnh) nh sau:
S u = 12 24 (kN / m 2 ) (st yu), th
k = 7854 (kN / m 3 )
Nhiu gi tr h s t l tnh k 1 , k 3 trong bng 4 rt gn khuyn ngh
ny.

Th hai: Elson [5] cng nh Zavriev [7] ch ra rng, i vi cc chu

lc ngang, s sai khc gi tr k c th dn n sai khc ng k v chuyn
v nhng ni lc trong cc (m men un) li sai khc khng nhiu. Nh
th, ngay c khi gi tr k thu c vi mc chnh xc khng cao cng
ch gy ra sai s khng ln i vi m men un trong cc.
Vi quan nim v chnh xc nh vy th kt qu tnh ton h s t l
theo ba cch kin ngh l c th chp nhn c.

c.

T s liu bng 4 c th phn ra hai loi h s t l xut pht t cch quy nh

chuyn v nm ngang gii hn ti u cc v xp chng vo bng 5 v bng 6.

17
Bng 5: H s t l c xc nh t y o.50
iu kin t
Loi cc
H s t l

Cc b tng
k1

Cc thp

k3

Cc b tng

Cc thp

k1

k3

k1

k3

k1

k3

k max

18474 10247
(19%) (9%)

644
(6%)

1805
(4%)

6305
(14%)

7728
(9%)

290
(10%)

1383
(9%)

k trb.

15725

9387

608

1736

5534

7099

263

1267

k min

12714 7949
(19%) (15%)

572
(6%)

1666
(4%)

4834 6225
236
(13%) (12%) (10%)

1150
(9%)

1,453

1,126

1,083

1,304

1,203

k max / k min

1,289

1,241

1,229

Mt s nhn xt t bng 5:

H s t l k 1 v k 3 dng nh khng nhy vi kch thc tit din

ngang m ph thuc vo:
-

Phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang,

iu kin t nn,

Loi cc v vt liu.

Trong cng mt iu kin t, cng mt cch tnh h s t l tnh c

sai khc nhau rt t so vi gi tr trung bnh; c bit l t s gia k max
vi k min ( dng cui bng) kh nh.

i vi cc cc lm bng vt liu b tng ct thp, yo.50 qu nh v u

nh hn 10mm, v m men kh nng chu lc khng ln. Tri li, cc cc
ng thp vi momen kh nng chu lc rt ln nn y o.50 >> 10 mm . H
s t l k 1 , k 3 thch hp vi loi cc ny.
Bng 6: H s t l c xc nh t y o.gh = 10 mm

iu kin t

H s t l

k 1.10

k2

k 3.10

k 1.10

k2

k 3.10

k max

3564
(10%)

2004
(31%)

5524
(6%)

2004
(6%)

1107
(27%)

4575
(5%)

k trb.

3227

1531

5229

1882

878

4376

k min

3006
(7%)

1040
(32%)

4857
(7%)

1750
(7%)

637
(27%)

4127
(6%)

k max / k min

1.186

1.927

1.137

1.145

1.645

1.109

18
Mt s nhn xt t bng 6:

H s t l k 1.10 , k 2 v k 3.10 c xc nh t chuyn v ngang gii hn,

ging nh h s t l k bng G1, ph lc G, TCXD 205:1998 bng
10mm [8]. Gi tr ca cc h s t l ny dng nh khng nhy vi kch
thc tit din ngang cc, vt liu lm cc m ch ph thuc vo iu
kin t v phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang. iu ny gii thch v
sao h s t l k cho trong bng G1 ch ph thuc vo iu kin t.

Trong cng mt iu kin t, cng mt cch tnh th h s t l tnh

c sai khc nhau rt t (tr k 2 ) so vi gi tr trung bnh v c bit l
t s gia k max vi k min ( dng cui bng) rt nh.

Cch xc nh h s t l ny tng i hp l vi cc bng vt liu b

tng ct thp v c i vi thp na nu chuyn v cho php ca cng
trnh nh.

4. Kt lun
4.1

Xut pht t quan im cho rng i vi t st yu, h s t l ca h s nn

cn c nh gi da vo sc chng ct khng thot nc S u s l hp l hn
so vi dng ch s st I L , bi vit kin ngh ba cch tnh khc nhau xc
nh gi tr ca h s ny. H s t l thu c bng tnh ton nh th phn
nh c nhiu yu t quan trng nh hng n s tng tc cc-t khi chu
lc ngang. Cch lm ny cng c th p dng tm h s t l cho cc lp t
ct xp nu da vo gc ma st trong ca chng.

4.2

Nh ni trn, nhiu nghin cu trc y khng nh h s t l k c

c tnh l rt khng nhy i vi momen un trong mt cc chu lc ngang
cn cc chuyn v th t l thun rt mnh vi n.
Tuy nhin, trong thc t thit k, vic xc nh ng n ni lc trong cc b
phn kt cu l quan trng hn so vi chuyn v ca chng. Bi v sai st trong
vic xc nh ni lc c th dn n s c cng trnh cn sai st khi xc nh
chuyn v, thng thng ch gy kh khn cho iu kin s dng.
Nhc li vn ny thy rng vi quan im nh trn, chng ta hon ton
c th chp nhn gi tr tnh c ca h s t l thit k s b ca mng
cc trc khi c kt qu th nghim cc hin trng.

4.3
1.

Khi s dng h s t l thu c t tnh ton vo vic thit k mng cc c tng

st yu dy trn mt nn xem xt mt s khuyn ngh sau y:
Nu chuyn v ngang cho php ca mng cc tng i ln th i vi cc cc
thp nn s dng h s t l xut pht t yo.50 , ngha l k 1 hoc k 3 tn
lng kh nng chu un ca vt liu lm cc.

19
2.

Vi chuyn v ngang cho php ca mng cc thng gp trong thc t thit k

th khng phn bit cc lm bng vt liu no s dng h s t l c xc nh
xut pht t y o.gh = 10 mm , ngha l k 1.10 , k 2 hay k 3.10 l hp l nht. Khi ,
i vi cc cc b tng ct thp, cc h s t l ny cho php tn lng kh
nng chu un ca vt liu lm cc.

3.

ng vi mt bi ton cc chu lc ngang cho trc ta c th thu c nhiu h

s t l. H s t l thit k c chn trong s theo nguyn tc sao cho ni
lc trong kt cu l ln nht. Nh th, i vi cc n chu lc ngang th h s
t l thit k l h s c gi tr nh nht. Vic chn h s t l thit k cho
mng gm nhiu cc s phc tp hn nhiu, xin c trnh by mt bi vit
khc.

20

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]
[7]

[8]
[9]

[10]

[11]

K. Terzaghi:
Theoretical Soil Mechanics.
Join Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1943.
H. Dawson :
Simplifired Analysis of Offshore Piles Cyclic Lateral Loads.
Ocean Engineering, 1980. Vol. 7, pp. 553-56.
M.F. Randolph (1981):
The Respone of Flexible Piles to Lateral Loading. Geotechnique 31, No. 2,
247-259.
V.N.S. Murthy:
Geotechnical Engineering
Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, 2002.
W.K. Elson:
Design of Laterally Loaded Piles
CIRIA Report 103, 2005.
ASCE:
Bearing Capacity of Soils, 1993.
K.X. Zavriev, G.X. Shpiro:
Tnh ton mng su tr cu.
Nh xut bn Vn ti, Matxcva, 1970 (Ting Nga).
TCXD 205:1998 Mng cc Tiu chun thit k.
Phan Dng:
Cch vn dng TCXD 205:1998 d bo sc chu ti gii hn ca cc chu
lc dc trc ng thng ng qua lp st yu dy trn mt.
Tp ch Bin & b, No. 11+12/2009, Hi cng ng thy Thm lc a
Vit Nam, trang...
Phan Dng
Mt s ci bin i vi phng php tnh cc chu lc ngang ca Dawson.
Tp ch Khoa hc Cng ngh Giao thng vn ti, No. 2/2007. Trng i hc
Giao thng vn ti Tp. H Ch Minh, trang 69-85.
Phan Dng
Chuyn v ni lc ca cc chu lc ngang theo TCXD 205:1998, mi lin
h gia li gii ca URBAN vi Matlock-Reese v cc ng dng.
Tp ch Bin & B, No. 5+6/2009, Hi cng ng thy Thm lc a
Vit Nam, trang 38-58.