eer a FTER 24 \091 iret cv AS ool 2014 —— Connectivity of St « Vertex poe a enn 7 ta let go viG) ey 8 ered Ps pies icon wt | es vent ow wt eetas; is * eget en, eo ? wit Ree «=k protien ; a wd i wer fee 3 : ae, os ee , . ~ DHe bit - SL ee definition 6 2a Sg Bee ied d. brs Launncctcl, re eS id Pee tts > 3 Gag 4 aLicemnedtecl ow Kgl Vertex Connectivity = min § 1S] 3 G-S ig dean nected k(6) ov is 4q kapha % Vester ust is mot for Kw + Verde connectivity of complete graph = ae gine + Vertex cennectivity of biclique Kinny > pile) | oa Edge connect vity : et 8b tennectul graph. S ¢ BE Gey og Sf 8k diced |tonnectivity = is @): of & 4% BS print yemoval a thn me ef eyes of Lr whch maka G incenmectedy K'(a)> min f IsI ,0G- 0) “Upeeemane! it 6 it am eclge-ut 2 ; f i ied ke CRP Rees EC Knym) = min(ny my lH) = 94 KH) > 04, k(6) £ $4) (iti Biever , adgas Ae vente.)28.09 12019 eve (Whitrey) eee a connected a Fo every k(G) € ICG) £ 606) let x € V(G), with olegree S(G) Let D be i jncidest oq gry UD tolled of all eyes “chs peda of 6 vite” 1p) ameiee Then, kK) < Id) = 8(6) , . . ne Next, fo show that —k(G) £ KG). Let Dy em sedge ut — with 0 = k'(G) Gd will howe exaétly Fis connected — comporertt. £04 Gy and G, | t ie ey een i‘ _ GS ond ge oe of we od - of FOL Pethetinely spac, eri, a _* a wile 5 {> &¥G) |» 2 an URGE a s ” 2 se aes in DFSFG) oy Si Vit) pithout tos of geery if Si V (G1) wedeke S23, Sie @ verten, eth Ile Jor = k'6) Bee Siz VGN ed Se Vim) Subemre T° : a Every verter of $, @ in (adjaudt fo ewey vata of ty pe (Gado si Keen) © Mei Ge eglanan Ab} Sen 2m tm, Ll =age Sp Ree oe Oa GSabcase I: : Ho og valee «x in vertex > adjacent te 79 Bie Sy U (Sia) i i Gea an26 10912014 Havary Graphs’ Him sch ae KH) = kG Sly ss) numbed A vottag fer rtpelesily Mintmag Gd (4 if fats Subease (5) ai os cfr ery, verter, we ots ett Ppuite — vatten 7 Hs, gthis will net 8 regula be geht But fe ae yuorber of on replay with Vat ek subume, degree fee wares fe SHun) = k Rifove thot 4 if a K(@) 2 tannected graph beverter | connected ) f tram ok ds umnnedtid. or + Removal less aes grt u Every Ke commectied grat Sint bly oH desde _gapeteds coed PMenger's Theovern: A mot few me 6 we, pety +f atleast connected me, Here odes joint ave a __ bets, gt edge version” G ( vemmected raph) of vot wav, b 2 poly called sill grthhe dha met poset fkiy hk Hy oe s ke unmet k. et make the alsa a (Ket )- tmrned ed) greph. KG@)>k. ci ke cenneded if emt vatican uw RV, camber of irther nally dis Kerem. ke ee ned iff thee one atleast etommetel gh ie eevee connected) if, a ks Laced Beery k- cmmeaal pat mee ont cowmected abe és foc coger Kix fest Se hoe aetna te celia AION gt” gig nenien” af ee oe 6 (ata) a 2 teat eeeae | “ ] P a desir og Gafeirics of 0 _greth Toughnes one grote Cua q t~") i T(6) = min IST, Ss o vexten a fem ve ¢(6-8) of 6 age ke + c(G-s) ‘in de number of combonite | 1) Evey mew => fT make 6 inte Kk cmnected 9 Every 4: Lompornit, we vied |» to vvermove . atlenst Kk yay ‘ + ae Ist . Cunve if Teer=| =e -@ =i glad he WY 7 [S| EE = 8) 1S) > Mere’ trnnched Thon) = 4 Bay a2. a a eae is hamiltonte 4 : é F Ede (bibs). meh | thenl Sateen B: Chek if Show Petersen geoph thet! — jhe ieee m un tho mevphic fo sai: ip topmay Graght BA pers ott taney f ee im Wises DX me crensl wih aly BA oa €1 202 xg. ok rut crescing path ethan while @3,04 mae crestiy fads other mba, -} a; eK Henay ; A MAD Every tree ik blamay z Meme Every cycle Zt flonay, se vont. No edge costing Terdar Curve Theorem Every simple (elated — amve —cLividac te laene ity % for each edge, we howe Pwo possiblities ~ «keep it in intevior EIon eo kup it in enterior Sesh of graph 39 Ges the mbnirmaen castings in dlrmahy of &¥ The planar the flomus inf? faces , the % Length of 4 fore Be Y iz Rrna est wrk Merk dhe veg ier 4 i: oS e Ne, Go @ | A ex | he the nt | “Je ure 4 tame thet = . L239 E A (Rade 4 Gowider 2 ee a, ASR) Teh 5 um ; iL ike : ; f-4 we ey. Aso For every eomnected anny He al He Neches , eee ae = |v = | E(e)) 1 tofey | ie ef ie ; Ve by & entation i : cong fms c... Beets ¢CJorden Curve umrected ond wh n- (n-b) +1 due oy fet frue me ext The thevem is upte f-t rumbe Ff that the Mucverm ls Aaseme feces. Gensider 9 grnpr 6 wile f feos $2 % a a (@-4) ho Dying on C, New art (Ont) nero of fre fle Gee dun 6 | SS Poe mete gf fost dyes. Also G-£ 0 k emmectecd. From the auton ee be} ets gts C-4) m - @-1) + Y-4) ec crus Hes nee fra Bi be flener pth hk vom ponentses | 7 Deiat meter of faces f. : q BG ee at tein omy ie Bas becmse of Jordon Curve Theorem.) © . BG cwrectel ond ug =? Gt 0 de ce nt Meer = xn- (m-1) +i = & gS Me Here tee fey fed, Wawere Hot ee Mover is Prue pte fd reembe of fun. eee 6 th f favers $22 Bee 6 ltetei ok qe) any | rr ye fying m ¢C,New (6-14) hs a 2 meerber of faces art (C4) -wenrber 7 4g Aso GL i came, Be tin en te. te : eG me —€-1) + (f-s)e 2 Meee ee ga fis = 2 = 6 Afia.ee - at 4 as i punta, Sema Br gio But, exter ral Thanaefore. }. s fe- OD Covllary 2: : Teh 6 te 3 simp eomnicated Ray, al oot testi g, venttdes (wz 292 Them er 2f ond e £3n-6 Shs simple ACR 2 2 fy ak insented — och time But, external 709!" Thinscfore f- sik: Chet) ze Ge ks @ puree unnected Ploorane a a Lee ee om cra e £3n-6 S 2m) = ACRID 2 3 pr au . 3 2 > 224 ern) a eeBiya te 2 ne zon 2 mere «ae corellary & Boe =e = ore Abst tee, Sl a erty ndiction. Da ao se woe oe EE) ay £6.tanned bipowHte tgs Lr & ia eet we Jeu Colley * m wey mle ened d cflemay bh, thive a yentex witt aa Lat the Oe ds: tS Geen) peel Bee 26 re ere menected plane Gorollong © atest suppose Ke é ees -ti. pew ge | i? a, & + er’ ee 2g w-4 92 wt-" : ce ee va cont retihion ——, Sen POTSY Foe et tee ied e< Ww : JL Dok. ¢ "3 2<- et {Ge 0G) PUKs)=4 te \ WOK)= 2 a=6 i exis. — ares TS © <8a be roars a w(Re)> 3 tGrinabergt Theorems G> ploy and homiltonte with 2 haw! lterdon Fike member of fecer cof Sangh i aging a mart C above ere dediwed eEC we colt om fortLdhys edie we odd oe Evameie Wet Bar Be a below is Hani brie eg Evchenge Teen i 4 fn Nh io biamy 2(es- Ps) + 6 Cs ~ pod + Tes97 fea AC Salil jhe dete inten i tontgBin Pee #7 % a Csider two veyioms. the ae venttos te deal qvetl for every tye belerrgivey fe both ~ dhe veglors, eet yes im the J, See domsling FAge aX , we ode = sdf lop a jek ae +. cape. tak SUA ‘Planar Conpertion of biter G uomnected covrnedted,) Gucctesera amin (6)*2 6 “Completely “Regula Planar Graphs:ty hadron G + Regutay Pei require 3 aayre ke - i dace tas emt Can) length of onerj f a 2 Jetveludron - sel Cube etett Peay gt voniey (Pago Dedecahedren fet Bye ete te ce Sie Ghese nels - a eve) xevlG) ee a eae Che tee as Recignrnent 6. v : , y Page 243. me he K > ¢ * 15.10.16 Ockahedven: eo Bd ela > *(fazpoi ee 2ley) 5 Kt ee yA z Dodicehidvrn® K~ 2.) 4 ¢ 2) 2) Pol Aen cass Se al (K-2 701-2) 4 ih 4 % 6Troe ahedorn 4 uw dle ne flanse Ae te ty rember of vatlias, - i 4 Rs ik ne planar ae with sdgpte mech of edges. 2 "a ee aie mY park & i th, oda Loot inet fie AG fa cae replace mut 4 fone, eyes 4 6 by Be fo x A oe pret Uk Pon Gal aaetdt ‘ i : Pave.rom, ee Bekgrebh of Retewten af grat. : 8 Bebdiviston oP Kay, nt, a. Petevsen rete dr mot 0 planer grep ickrent a Wz OCG) Jhe minimam — mumiber ef decermpeettions ere oh Planar clecorpesition of G om ok Aig ig KC vision «J e(ks) = 2 6) @ CKe)= 2 @ (Ky) = 2 yrnbh e @ (Ke) = 2 ter of peth.e 3n~ trey wanton has ee a)iad Arpt Aipettle pret thew lm «I degree WX than 4 . dey BY alan") 22 = Styx > 4 Un-8 24 >> y o> te Prat Dy Menimal planar grapht A gemph flarsy . pot if we odd ony ny grate will. me dene Le oiiars simble__Urnneted "manimel “plamay Bin sack graph ot frets —tne Jeng of fas @& 772 > fa, ledth Vp feu > 3. awetl" beg yrfatinn qetmagth 22s wt te gtk will Brae) it” we we wr ahd moe Ag AEN be flea. Jr iu alo tri angulation ened) mania (seme Achlamey grebh. A Han 2 implied » de edge urmmedted ant ld29.10.14 : Glouring ef Gverphs J Vertex coloviry ov irmply —ealoring of! gant, Assign. << eeleve te vientiets RAE eit ¢ vets get different colors. Cproper vutten wt, fi vio faz, ey / foor f) fry} e ECG) K~ Colovable A qreph G i called ko ealormtle if wf ~ Cproper Y verter cola ving using k meee f tclers, Chrometic ruomber - CA) ) as NGG) fay G Proper Lies ef XC6): Beef MW =n, wae < x76) i. sa to Ke tolownkte f : Sheen etdis connected oOo xCer= max (A (67) tome ie te KG)=2 iff G uw bipavtite. © Color class > Class of vertices gery iy orem: 4 - fer ory Gah th, hs ¥ XE) @ < AlGr+1, a h ACG) i the 5 nl maser oles} - eg ee 7a) DI oft Algorithrn= > Lat wl de vesttcel Ves, a> Cler set is $i) eee wy 3> Dyconge dhe Assign ne prmslies} color he Ve oh Pticirence: pene iy re a mole ¢ a pris algnrithn. Color He vesttas of & ening Rr Coraumhenie «alee ott ACG) number of eer “dndenut —meighhoure, $a (A(G)4 ay color ta “abwngs D eweilable for Ve. X(G) £ (Alo) +4) gpaliti paler compleof in dis emmected with Urpin Gy, Ga X= max (X(677) Lavieeate te x(6)=2 iff G i bipavtite. © Color class= Class of vertices sen oie, For omy Gyabh Gr, . AUG) @ < alor+ 4, ent hove ACG) i Hu manimum i « tolesiny - as rene oleh ) peo ft Algor thm> > Let alk tee | veticed Aaa Ve D> edo et ea ay 3 Apromye dine Assign tne pralst color he Vy a kh deoimet eee haps ee i ral ened walghbewr of ve Colo the vertiven of Gh. calry) oe algorithen, vo cam howe at = mat Andere — reighhours. So (A(G)t yt. coleman, calnge —awallable for Viv X(G) £ (AlG) + 4) AG) rumber of erBrooks” Theorem % Yo et bnndetel grees 36 XS ennai fs complete grt ant odd cycle, then, X(6) £ ACE)jock: Pam conie subg ys 7 a | 4h with verden 1c Vin) zat x(G-%) Vat & be a q+ with deg. sy Ww 4,2 24, dat jue = le) & b+ mx Sonim fay 5-39} i deg vid= ad deeveaning ort t conan ale vances in degree 5 2 Ys, Yayx) < 2(6) a ext | caley evikteal gD ae ie oi ee le 2of (proper) Celosiny colors pely nomial iy ig whee n= |v(6)| Ret be. dole ttle be ext 5 GlorsB «> w cr = rumber of teloving > x Au? J ten= xe) ce = ki ge ae male DE pstiet jrteger ot AG, 470 a (Kn,t) = t°Cay (4-n# 4) CT, t) byes 05% with enatly chars member of fakin of vl) we Gkefp ret set Ge eet! (Gt) a “ - £ Pa (§) = aol Het (Cy bt) >= + (4-1) (47-3442) P,=° a we 21 ( $1, 53, $12,143) $x, 43% $959, fag Sus ytah, Saag, Fas} $113, $453, Soa3, Se] ‘ : Pd a() 4 1 w(t a 7. tee , wt