INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 10 2768-1 : 1989 (E) General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications 1 Scope ‘This part of 1S 2783 is intended to simpy érawing indica tions and it specitios general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications in four 10k rance classes. NOTE 1 — The concopte bohind the gonoal tolrancing of linear and angular dmonsions are doactibed in annex A It applies to tho dimensions of parts that are produced by mtal removal or parts that are formed from sheet metal Notes 2. These tolerances may be suitable for vse with materials other than, metal 2. Porat Intornationsl Standards axis! or are planned, 0.¢. 200 10 60620 for castings. This part of {SO 2768 only applies for the folowing dimensions which do not hove an individual tolerence indication a) linear dimensions e.g. external sizes, intemal sizes, step sizes, diameters, radi, distances, external radii and cchamfor heights for broken edges) 1b) angutar_cimensions, including angular cimensions usually not indicated, e.g. right angles (90°), unless ref- ference to 1SO 2768-2 is made, oF angles of uniform poly= ‘gone: 2) linear and angular dimancions produced by machining assembled parts, It doo not apply for the foFowing dimensions: ‘}_Tinear and angular dimensions which ero covered by reference to other standards on general tolerances: b) ow lary cimensions indicated in brackets ‘cl theoretically exact dimensions indicated in rectangular frames. 150 ana 1288, Casunge — Syetom of dimensional tolrancer. 444 2 General When selecting the tolerance cass, the respective customary workshop accuracy has to be taxen into consideration. If smal lor tolerances are roquired or largor tolerances ate pormicsible ‘and more economical for any i ieatuiy, oi toler (ces should ba indicated adjacent tothe relevant nominal dimen. son). . Ganeral tolerances for near and angulsr ‘dimensions apply whan drawings or associated specifications rofer to this par: of 180 2768 in accordance with clauses 4 and 5. lt there are gon ‘ral tolerances for other processes, 26 specifiad in other Inter- national Standards, reference shall be made to thers on the digerings or associated specifications. For a dimension between an unfinished and a finished surface, 2.9. of east or forged parts, for which no individual tolerance is drecty indi- cated, the larger of the two general tolerances in question apples, o.9. for castings, soe ISO 8062") 3 Normative references ‘The folowing standards contain proviéons which, through ‘eforence in this text, constitute provisions of this part of 1S0 2768. At the time of publication, the exitions indicated ‘were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and partes 10 _agroomonts based on this part of ISO 2788 aro’ encouraged to investigate the possibilty of applying the most recent editions ff the standarcs indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO. in rogisw rs of currendy valid Interrationel Stendards. 180 2768-2 : 1988, General rolerances — Part 2: Gaometrist tolerances for features without mndvidul tole: ice indications. 180 8015 : 1985, Techni ‘eng principe. 1 drewings — Fundamental toleran- 4 General tolerances 4.1 Linear General tolerances for linear dimensions are given in tables 1 and 2.180 2768-1: 1989 (E) 4.2. Angular dimensions al "180 2768" Ganacaltolecancas specified in angular units control only the bi the tolerance class in accordance with this pert of gonoral orentation of ines oie alomants of surtaces, but not wae thet form deviations “The general orientation of the line devved from the actual sur. EXAMPLE {aco is tho otiontation of the contacting ine of ideal geometrical form. The meximum distance between the contacting line end een the acival ne shall be the least possibe value (see 150 8015) ‘The permssibie devations of angular dmarsions aro gen in table3, es % 6 Rejection Unless otherwise stated, workpisces oxsooding the general 5 Indications on drawings tolerance shall not lead to automatic rejection provided that the ability of the workpiece to fur tion Is not impaired (see It generat tolerances in accordance with this part of 'SO2768 ——Slauao A. shall apply, the following information shall be indicated in or near the tile block: Table 1 — Permissible deviations for linear dimensions excapt for brok lextarnal radi and charwter heights, see table 2) dges Torance ces oe Pee dovaons for base ue) om oesunaion | owcuonn | oso | 2, | oS, | 2, | 28, 0 | 20 at me | et zon | too ; fine +£0,05 [205 m erection, +01 i | coarse “202 | 22 | ¥ very course — 205 225 | 44 | 46 ST a el ae ‘Table 2 — Permissible deviations tor broken edges (externat radii and chernfer heights) Value in mitrotras Telorsace dan Tears dvedon for bane di ronae Desgnaton”"|” baserption | _ostuptos | awesupwoe | evré — soz 308 a ie wes 2 [7 ore ae btowO h i i an aS onan oril n Table 3 — Permissible deviations of angular dimensions Permissible dovietione for ranges of longthe, In milimetras, ‘Telornsae et ‘Of the shorter side of the angle concerned Designation Description up to 10__| over 10 up to 50 | over §0 up to 120 over 120 up to 400 £ ie | are 20°90" | x00 = edu | e coarse tro |r zo0 . vary coarse a3 Es ee | so0 4451SO 2768-1 : 1989 (E) Annex A (informative) Concepts behind general tolerancing of linear and angular dimensions A.1._Gonovat tolorances should be indicated on the drawing by reference to this part of ISO 2768 in accordance with clause 5 ‘The values of ganeral tolerances corespond to tolerance classes of customary workshop accuracy, tha appropriate tolerance class being selected and indicated on the drawing ec coring to the requint ment for the components. A2 Above certain tolerance values, there is usually no gain in manutacturing economy by enlarging the tolerance. For example, feature having a 35 mm giameter could be manutoc- tured 10 a high level of conformance in a workshop with ‘customary medium accuraey”. Spacing 2 tolerance ct £1 mm would be of no benefit in this particular workshop, as the general tolerance values of +0,3mm woud be quite adequate. Honever, if, for functions! reasons, © feature requires 0 smater tolerance value than the “general tolerances”, then that feature should have the smaller tolerance indicated individually ada cent to the dimension defining its size or angle. This type of tolerance falls outside the scope of general tolerances, In cases where the function of @ feature allows @ tolerance equal to or larger than the general tolerance values, these should not be indicated adjacent to the dimension but shouts be stated on the drawing as described in clause 5, This type of tolerance allows full use of the concept of genera! tolerancing “There wil be “exceptions to the rule” where the function ofthe ‘eature allows a larger tolerance than the gana tolerances, and the larger tolerance wil provide manufacturing economy. In these special cases, the larger tolerance should be indicated Indvidually adjacent 10 the dimension for the panicular feature €.g. tho dopth of blind holes drilled at assembly A3 Using gonoral tolerances leads to the folowing advan. tages. 8) drawings are eatior to read and thus communication is made more effective to the user of the drawing: b)_ tho dosign draughtsman saves time by avoiding do- tiled tolerance calculations as it is sufficient only to know ‘that the function allows @ tolerance graater than or equal 10 ‘the, general tolerance; 446 ‘c)_ the drawing readly indicates which feature can be pro- duced by normal process capability, which also scsits ‘quality engineering by reducing inscection levels: 14). those dimensions remaining, which have individually in- dicated tolerances, wil, for the most part, be those control ling features for which the funciion requites ralatvely small twlarances and which therofore may require special aftort in the production — this wil be helpful for production plan- ning and wid assist quality contro! services in thelr analysis of inspection requirements; ) purchase and sub-contract supply engineers. can negotiate orders more readily since tha “customary ‘workshop accuracy’ known bofore the contract is placed; this also avoids arguments on dajivery between the buyer ‘and the supplier, since in this raspact the drawing is com- plete. ‘These advantages are fully obtained only when there is, sutficiont rebabiity that the general tolerances will not be exceeded, ie. when the customary workshop accuracy of the particular workshop '§ equal to of finer then the general tolorances indicatod in the drawing, ‘The workshop should, therefore = find out by measurements what its customary workshop accuracy is; cept only those drawings having general tolerances. equal to oF graster than its customary workshop accuracy; = chock by sampling thet its customary workshop accu- recy does not deteriorate, Relying on undefined "good workmanship” with all te uncor- tainties and misunderstandings is no longer necessary with the concept of general geometrical tolerances. The general (geometrical tolerances define the required accuracy of “good, workmanship”, AA The tolerance the function allows is often greator tan ‘tha general tolerance. The function of the partis, therefore, not ‘always impaired when the goneral tolerance ie (occasionally) ‘exoeoded et any feature of the workpiece. Exceeding the ‘General tolerance should lead 10 a rejection of the workpiece cory ifthe funetion i impaired,