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Integration: D X C X DX X C D XC DX DX X C
Integration: D X C X DX X C D XC DX DX X C
INTEGRATION
UNIT 3.1.1 Basics
Integration is the reverse of differentiation
d 2
x c 2x ,
dx
d
10 x c 10 ,
dx
1. Since
2. Since
1. Given
d 3
xc
dx
3x
= 3x2 , find
dx =
5. Given
d
4 x 3 f ( x) , find
dx
7. Given
d 2
g ( x ) , find
dx x 3
find
dx .
c 3 x 5 , find 3x 5 dx .
f ( x) dx .
g ( x) dx .
d
x( x 2)3 dx w( x) ,
dx
w( x) dx .
x 31
c
3 1
x4
=
c
4
dx
1.
3
x dx
4.
Integration
2. Given
d
2 x 5 c 10 x 4 , find 10x 4 dx .
dx
4. Given
d 2
2
2
c 2 , find 2 dx .
dx x
x
x
6. Given
d
100 x c h( x) , find h( x) dx .
dx
8. Given
d 2x
f ( x) , find
dx x 1
10. Given
find
10 x c
x3 + c
d 1 6
x
dx 2
9. Given
10 dx
3. Given
x2 c
d 3
x c
dx
3x
2x dx
d
( x 3)( x 2) p( x) ,
dx
p( x) dx .
x n 1
x dx n 1 c , n 1
n
2.
5.
dx
dx
f ( x) dx .
3.
6.
x dx
dx
m dx
Note :
1.
2.
10x
5.
2 dx
x11
c
11
x2
= 8.
c
2
= 4x 2 c
8.
6x dx
dx
11.
8x
14.
x 31
c
3 1
x4
= 6.
c
4
3x 4
=
c
2
3
6 x dx 6.
4..
10 dx
7.
8x dx 8.
10.
12x
13.
2
3
10x + c
dx
2x
= 2.
dx
ax n 1
c , n 1
n 1
n
ax dx
8
5
mx c , m a constant
dx
3.
4x
6..
3dx
9.
3x dx
dx
12.
10 x
15.
18.
0.9x
dx
8x
dx
12
4
dx
dx
dx
x 31
c
3 1
x 2
c
2
1
= 2 c
x
= 2.
16.
2
5x3 dx
Integration
17.
2
3 x dx
dx
(3x
Example :
3x3 4 x 2
5x c
3
2
4 x 5)dx =
x3 2x2 + 5x + c
(6 x 4 )dx
1.
dx
10.
11.
(3 x )(3 x )dx
Integration
14.
6x2 4
x 2 dx
9.
(2 x
x 1)dx
12.
13.
(3 x 4) 2
x 2 dx
3 x 2)dx
( x 2)( x 3)dx
6.
(2 x 1)(2 x 1)
dx
x2
8.
(3x 2)
(x
3.
(2 x 1)(2 x 1)dx
5.
7.
8 x 1)dx
x(3x 2 )dx
4.
(12 x
2.
(2 x)
dx
(2 x
3 x
1
)dx
x2
15.
=
x(3 x)
dx
Example
SPM 2003, K2, S3(a) 3 Marks
Exercise
2
dy
Given
= 2x + 2 and y = 6 when x = 1,
dx
Given
dy
= 2x + 3 and y = 4 when x = 1, find y in
dx
terms of x.
find y in terms of x.
Answer:
dy
= 2x + 2
dx
y
=
2 x2
2x c
2
=
=
=
=
=
x2 + 2x + c
12 + 2(1) +
3+c
3
x2 + 2x + 3
y
6
6
c
y
y = 6, x = 1,
Hence
2 x 2 dx
c
y = x2 + 3x
Given
dy
= 4x + 1 and y = 4 when x = -1,
dx
find y in terms of x.
Answer :
Given
dy
= 6x 3 and y = 3 when x = 2, find y in
dx
terms of x.
dy
= 4x + 1
dx
y
=
4 x 1 dx
y = 2x2 + x + 3
Given
dy
= 4 2x and y = 5 when x = 1,
dx
y = 3x2 3x 3
6
find y in terms of x.
Given
dy
= 3x2 2 and y = 4 when x = -1, find y in
dx
terms of x.
y = 4x x2 +2
Given
dy
= 3(2x 4) and y = 30 when x =
dx
y = x3 2x + 3
3
dy
= 2 2
dx
x
y in terms of x.
y 2x
y = 3x2 12x 6
Integration
Given
3
6
x
Exercise
dy
= 6x 4 and y = 2 when x = 1,
dx
Given
dy
= 6x 4
dx
6 x 4 dx
6 x2
4x c
2
=
y = 2, x =-1,
When x = 2,
dy
Given
= 2x + 5 and y = 1 when x = 1 , find
dx
y =
3 x2 4x + c
2 =
3(-1)2 - 4(-1) + c
2 =
3+4+c
c =
-5
y =
3x2 4x 5
2
y = 3(2) 4(2) 5 = 1
29
Given
dy
= 1 3x2 and y = 2 when x = -1,
dx
Given
dy
= 6x 3 and y = 3 when x = 2, find the
dx
value of y when x = 1.
dy
= 1 3x2
dx
y
=
1 3x dx
2
4
5
dy
Given
= 4 2x and y = 5 when x = 1 find
dx
3
6
dy
Given
= 3x2 2 and y = 4 when x = -1, find the
dx
value of y when x = 0.
-3
7
dy
Given
= 3(2x 1) and y = 5 when x =
dx
3
8
-13
Integration
3
dy
Given
= 5 2
dx
x
25
3x
=
y = -12, x = 1,
Hence
3.
6 x dx
3x
6x
c
3
2
y =
x3 3x2 + c
3
-12 = 1 3(1) + c
- 12 =
2+c
c =
10
y =
x3 6x 10
y = x3 + 2x + 2
4.
y = x3 - 3x2 + 8
6.
y = 5x x3 + 2
y = x3 - 4x +3
8.
y = 3x2 x3 + 8
Integration
y = 2x2 - 6x + 1
7.
Answer:
5.
y = x3 + x2 x +6
(ax b)
dx, n 1
(ax b) n 1
(ax b) dx a(n 1) c , n 1
n
E
X
A
M
P
L
E
E
X
A
M
P
L
E
(2 x 3)
(2 x 5) dx
2.
( x 3)
3.
(2 4 x) dx
4.
( x 2)
5.
(2 x 1)
6.
(3x 5)
1.
4
(3x 2) dx
(3 x 2) 41
c
3(4 1)
(3 x 2)5
c
15
dx
7.
6(2 x) dx
9.
3 (1 2 x) dx
Integration
12
dx
12(2 x 3)
=
=
dx
15
dx
dx
8.
30(4 3x)
10.
2( x 3)
15
dx
dx
dx
12(2 x 3) 3
c
3. (2)
2
2x dx x
1.
f ( x)dx F ( x) c, then
2.
F (b) F (a )
f ( x)dx
3
4
4x dx x
0
= 2 2 12
= 41
= 3
3.
6x
dx
[14]
[81]
2
8x dx
4.
5.
dx
6.
[12]
2
3x
7.
10 dx
[60]
3
dx
8.
(x
[20]
2
) dx
9.
dx
8
9
3
]
2
[ ]
10.
2x
(2 6 x) dx
11.
(4 x 3x
3
]
4
) dx
12.
x(2 x 1) dx
0
[-10]
[22.5]
[-21]
2
13.
(2 x 1)(2 x 1) dx
14.
15.
x(3x 2) dx
0
[
Integration
2
(3x 2) dx
25
]
3
[38]
[0]
(ax b)
(3x 2)5
(3
x
2)
dx
0
5.3
dx, n 1
=
=
(3 x 2)5
15
Y
o
u
0
1
3
2
1 (2 x 1)2 dx 1 3(2 x 1) dx
=
T
r
y
!
5
2
15 15
= 206.2
[1]
1.
2.
2
(2 x 3) dx
10
( x 3)
dx
1
[16 ]
3
3.
[5]
4.
3
16(2 4 x) dx
6( x 2)
dx
[1280]
5.
6.
6
1 (2 x 1)2 dx
24
(3x 5)
dx
[2]
Integration
5
]
12
[3.75]
f ( x)dx 4 , g ( x)dx
f ( x )dx =
f ( x) dx =
-4
3.
4.
5 f ( x) dx
f ( x) 4 dx
20
5.
4 f ( x) 2 x dx
-4
6.
3 f ( x) 1
1 2 dx =
8.
1 2 g ( x) 2 f ( x) dx =
10
.
8
7.
3 f ( x) 2 g ( x) dx
9.
6 f ( x) g ( x) dx
0
=
14
6
Integration
f ( x) 2 g ( x) 1 dx =
2
16
10
2.
Given that
Given that
value of k.
k=4
3.
4.
Given that
Given that
(6 x 1)dx
the value of k.
the value of k.
4
5.
Given that
6.
f ( x) 7 and 2 f ( x) kx 10 ,
Given that
f ( x) 5
and
5.
Given that
f ( x) 6
2
and
f ( x) kx 10 ,
2
6.
Given that
f ( x) 3
8
21
Integration
and
11
-2
[k=-2]
3 x2
1 x 2 dx .
x(4 x) dx .
0
3.
5dx
(1 2 x)
9
4
15
(3x 2)
dx .
4.5
2
5.
Given that
6.
Given that
value of k.
k=2
k=5
7.
Given that
f ( x) 15 and 2 f ( x) kx 6 ,
8.
Given that
f ( x) 10
1
and
3 f ( x) kx 0 ,
1
k =4
k =3
Integration
12
2.
Given that
Given that
g ( x)dx 8 , find
g ( x)dx 10 , find
g ( x)dx,
2 g ( x)dx,
kx g ( x) dx = 10.
(a) -8
3.
(b)
3
2
(a) -20
4.
Given that
g ( x)dx 5 , find
the value of p if
(b) k = 10
4
Given that
2 px 3g ( x) dx
kx 3 g ( x) dx = 48.
= 3.
p=2
5.
dy
Given
= 4x + 2 and y = 10 when x = 1,
dx
k = 10
6.
find y in terms of x.
dy
Given
= 1 2x + 3x2 and y = 3 when x = 1,
dx
find y in terms of x.
y = 2x2 +2x + 10
7.
y = x x 2 + x3 + 2
8.
y = 8x 3x2
Integration
k 2 g ( x) dx = 50.
1
13
2x
1
. Find the equation of the curve.
x2
y x2
1
4
x
2.
y = g(x)
y
y = f(x)
Diagram 9
Diagram 8
2 f ( x)dx .
3g ( x)dx .
the value of
3.
Answer : ......................
Diagram 10 shows part of the curve y = f(x).
4.
Answer : ..........................
Diagram 11 shows part of the curve y = f(x).
y
5
Diagram 10
f ( x)dx
5.
(SPM 01)
Diagram 11
Given that
O
y = f(x)
y = f(x)
f ( x)dx .
0
Answer : ......................
Diagram 12 shows the sketch of part of
6.
Answer : ......................
Diagram 13 shows the sketch of part of a curve.
a curve.
y
10
Diagram 13
(4, 8)
(6, 2)
Diagram 12
10
by
represented by
x dy .
(b) If
y dx x dy
0
x dy .
2
10
x dy
y dx
14
(SPM03)
5
dx = k(1+ x)n + c ,
Given that
(1 x) 4
find the value of k and n.
2.
Given that
5
3
(SPM 02)
dy
6 , express y
Given that 4 x 3
dx
value of k and n.
[3 marks]
[ k , n 3 ]
3.
12
(3x 2)
k = -2 , n = -2
4.
dy
5 , express y in terms of x.
Given that 8 x 2
dx
in terms of x.
y 2x
5.
2 2
x c
3
d2y
5x4 1 ,
2
dx
dy
when x = 1, y = 3 and
= 2 , find y in
dx
(SPM 1999)
Given that
y 2x2
6.
terms of x.
Integration
d2y
2 6x ,
dx 2
dy
when x = 1 , y = 3 and
= 1 , find y in terms
dx
Given that
of x.
15
5
xc
2
7.
(SPM 2002)
1 6 1 2
1
x x 4x
6
2
3
Given that
y x 2 x3 4 x 5
8.
4
0 16 x 10kx k dx 3 . Find the
2
Given that
3x
0
of k.
possible values of k.
k = -1 , -4
9.
d x
g ( x ) , find
dx x 1
2
(SPM 01)
Given that
k = -1
10
the value of
d x
Given that
4x
2 x g ( x) dx .
f ( x ) dx .
9
2
11.
Given that
1
of
13
1
2
12
d x 1
d 12
h
(
x
)
,
find
the
value
Given that
6 4h( x) dx .
6 w( x) 3 dx .
[4]
Integration
[ 66]
16
Integration
17