Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc K thut ng trn tp

ch quc t (23)
(Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Engineering)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting
Anhnh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Mechanical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As indispensable actuators for
auto-focusing (AF) and zooming, stepping motors are extensively
adopted in digital video cameras (DVCs). Following rising consumer
demand for DVCs in the electronic products market, enhanced
properties and elevated functions play an increasing pivotal role in
luring new customers.
Vn nghin cu Despite their fast dynamic AF access, even the
most advanced DVCs are limited in terms of low power consumption
and inadequate operational efficiency to satisfy consumer demand.
Conventional AF actuators in DVCs are all stepping motors,
subsequently limited by a slow dynamic AF speed, high power
consumption low power efficiency. Moreover, noise interference from a
stepping motor in a DVC is easily recorded into the digital films during
AF operation.

V d 1 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, the
operational time for a typical AF linear actuator in a DVC is only 1/6th that of a
conventional stepper motor. Additionally, the power consumption by using a
linear actuator in a DVC is only 1/3rd of that when using a conventional
stepping motor for AF. Moreover, the operational efficiency by using a linear
actuator in a DVC is only 1/2 that of a conventional steeping motor.
Furthermore, the acoustic noise interference caused by using a linear actuator
for AF in a DVC is lower than that when operated by a conventional stepping
motor. Therefore, linear actuators are highly promising alternatives to
conventional stepping motors in DVCs.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Theoretically, conventional
stepping motors are limited in terms of their fixed resolution, possibly incurring
errors when using open-loop control in AF operation. Such limitations lead to
unclear CCD images in a DVC. In practice, a conventional stepping motor is
larger than a linear actuator owing to the simple structure of the latter.
Additionally, the conventional stepping motor for AF system in a DVC leads to
slow dynamic AF speed, high power loss and low operational efficiency.
Moreover, noise interference from a stepping motor is easily recorded into
digital forms during AF operation.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a sliding
motor control (SMC) method based on the position estimation algorithm
(PEA) for use in AF of the linear actuator in a DVC to achieve low power
consumption, high operational efficiency and fast dynamic AF access
characteristics.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a
concrete and linear actuator with low power consumption and high
operational efficiency can be manufactured for AF in a DVC. A magnetoresistive (MR) encoder in the linear actuator can then be adopted for use
as a position feedback sensor to acquire the position of the moving part
of the linear actuator in AF operation. Next, an interpolation chip can be
embedded to enhance the resolution of a linear actuator in a DVC, attain
an enhanced image and avoid an increasing prime cost of a DVC.
Additionally, the PEA can be developed from the MR encoder to
determine accurately the position of the moving part of the linear actuator
in a DVC.

V d 1 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed SMC method can offer an
effective means of positioning and controlling velocity owing to its many
advantages, e.g., insensitivity to parameter variations, disturbance rejection
and fast dynamic response. Hence, the SMC based on the PEA written in a
single chip can enhance control performance in order to increase focusing
speed and accuracy. Additionally, the proposed SMC method can be
adopted to manufacture a linear actuator with low power consumption and
high operational efficiency for AF operation in a DVC. The proposed PEA
can also determine accurately the position of a moving part of a linear
actuator in a DVC. Moreover, the SMC method based on use of the PEA in
AF operation in a DVC can reduce AF access time by several microseconds
and avoid the recording of acoustic noise interference into the digital films.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin The proposed method is
highly promising for use in manufacturing an efficient linear actuator with low
power consumption and high operational efficiency for AF operation in DVC
rapidly. Furthermore, the AF system with a linear actuator has a fast
dynamic AF speed and limited acoustic noise interference.

V d 2: Industrial Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Inventory refers to the stock of any
organizational-related item or resource. All firms maintaining an inventory supply
can satisfy demand with respect to product variation. However, a large inventory
may incur long product cycle times. Additionally, the proportion of inventory and
setup costs of a production line to the total operational fund in a company is
extremely high, highlighting the importance of developing a more economic
inventory order model to satisfy production requirements.
Vn nghin cu The economic production quantity (EPQ) model derives an
optimal production lot size that minimizes overall inventory costs for a single
item. However, a situation in which multiple items are scheduled on a single
facility does not ensure a feasible EPQ solution for each individual item in order
to prevent stock depletion during the production cycle. The rotation cycle policy
assumes that exactly one setup is available for each product during each cycle.
Additionally, all products are manufactured in the same sequence during each
production cycle. Despite its feasibility, the rotation cycle approach is not optimal
in terms of minimizing overall production costs.

V d 2 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For
instance, for product m1 with a production time twice that of m2, the
rotation cycle obtains a feasible solution. Both products are
manufactured once in a single cycle, with the total cost significantly
higher than the sum of two single optimal solutions. However, using a
diagrammatic explanation, a solution can be easily found that produces
m1 once and produces m2 twice during each cycle. The latter method
is obviously better than the former is.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The rotation cycle policy is
developed to adjust EPQ when multiple items are scheduled on a
single facility, as well as to adjust the production time of all products to
the same frequency. Doing so can lead to the establishment of a
simple and accessible formula. However, when products vary too
widely in terms of manufacturing time, adopting the rotation cycle policy
creates a feasible solution, but not optimal one, leading to a markedly
higher cost as well.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a process
optimization procedure, capable of modifying the production cycle time based
on the rotation cycle method. During each cycle, products may have more than
one setup. A solution procedure can determine the appropriate cycle length,
number of setups for each item, scheduling constraints and total inventory cost
function. Via this procedure, each item cycle can be close to the prime solution
derived from the EPQ model.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the model
framework can be devised in contrast with the rotation cycle policy. The policy
can be adjusted to identify how each item is related with respect to optimal
cycle time. Feasibility of the proposed model can then be verified, with desired
changes made accordingly. Next, a recycle time formula, conditions of model
constraints and total cost formula can be established.
Examining the rule by iteration can allow us to analyze the rationality and
validity of these models. Additionally, an actual example can demonstrate its
feasibility, along with a comparison made to the solution of the primal rotation
cycle. Moreover, sensitivity can be performed to demonstrate how alternation
cycle time influences total cost.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed algorithm can resolve the
EPQ and rotation cycle problem of multiple items for a production facility.
According to the numerical analysis of a case study, the proposed
procedure can reduce overall cost more than rotation cycle policy can. In
doing so, the setup cost and setup time can be integrated into the
proposed algorithm. Additionally, production line facilities can be upgraded
by centralizing the idle times simultaneously, thus ensuring their efficiency,
e.g., routine maintenance and flexibility in production scheduling.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, the
proposed procedure can resolve problems involving multiple items for a
single facility. Consequently, production management can construct a
feasible solution under multiple items on a single facility. Additionally, a
larger ratio for multiple production time for one item to another implies
more benefits acquired for the proposed algorithm. Determining production
quintiles is often referred to as a trade-off problem, in which the formulae
attempt to minimize cost, reduce inventory costs, enhance product quality
and increase corporate profits.

V d 3: Mechanical Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu The fluid jet polishing
(FJP) method originated from the demand for miniaturized optical
elements in recent years and the inability of the conventional
polishing method can not satisfy the fabrication requirements of
those elements. The FJP method facilitates the removal of
nanometer deep material, subsequently correcting errors in the
optical elements.

Vn nghin cu However, the FJP method fails to comply

with the requirement of a higher pressure, i.e. >6 bar, to pump the
slurry in order to remove the material of elements. Additionally, the
shape that the FJP produces on the surface is not the Gaussian
distribution, thus making it extremely difficult to more accurately
control form correction.

V d 3 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn
nghin cu For instance, the FJP method has
difficult in satisfying the requirement of form error
/10 for small optical elements.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The
inability to optimize the design of an optical system
owing to limitations of the FJP method makes it
impossible to achieve high precision in product
manufacturing.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
develop a modified FJP method to ensure not only that the
shape is close to Gaussian distribution with a low pressure
air source, but also that the resolution of material removal
should be small and stable.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, slurry can be carried with low air pressure, based on use
of siphonic and laminar flow theories. The Gaussian shape
can then be achieved by using a nozzle different from the
conventional one, in which both air and slurry can pass
through simultaneously. Next, fine resolution of material
removal can be obtained by optimization of the slurry
concentration and air pressure.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the modified FJP
method can produce stable material removal less
then 50 nm deep by using 1~2 bar air pressure
source and the new nozzle. Via the modified FJP
method, small optical elements can be fabricated
using accurate material removal.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Moreover, the enhanced capability of material
removal can fabricate precise optical elements,
ultimately improving the performance of an optical
system.

V d 4: Industrial Engineering
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Extensively adopted in the
opto-electronics industry for producing polymer optical elements
such as condenser lens, light pipe, lens array, and Fresnel lens for
mobile devices, injection molding technology varies the
temperature and pressure in a polymer-based mold to reduce the
number of shrinkage defects in products.

Vn nghin cu The conventional means of optimizing

process parameters is inaccurate owing to its reliance on the
subjective experience of an operator to eliminate shrinkage defects
in products. Shrinkage can vary based on the polymer material,
geometrical configuration of the part, subsequently explaining the
complexity of the shrinkage phenomenon and the difficulty in
eliminating shrinkage faults.

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance,
the conventional approach fails to reduce shrinkage defects in products to
less than 2%. Injection molding is an extensively adopted polymer process
in which molten polymer flows into a closed chamber for solidification. The
final dimensions and geometrical configuration of the product is of priority
concern in terms of manufacturing quality. Shrinkage refers to the deviation
between the dimension of the cavity and final part. Therefore, as
minimization of the shrinkage is anticipated, an operator can increase the
holding pressure and mold temperature to eliminate shrinkage faults during
the injection molding process. However the operator can not determine the
appropriate values of process parameters immediately.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Moreover, in addition to lacking
a pre-compensated mold cavity, the conventional injection molding process
also manufactures the mold first, making a high yield rate for products
impossible and ultimately increasing fabrication costs. The inability to
reduce shrinkage defects in products to less than 2% makes it impossible
to comply with assembly specifications and increases overhead
manufacturing costs.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop an
injection molding method that can accurately estimate shrinkage
defects during product manufacturing by estimating the shrinkage
rate of a product part and pre-compensation of the mold cavity via
simulation, ultimately reducing shrinkage defects in products and
streamlining the manufacturing process.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
shrinkage of wafer products can be reduced based on mold
shrinkage compensation. The shrinkage compensation rates for
various materials can then be determined via computer-aided
engineering (CAE) simulation. Next, compensation dimensions of
shrinkage and injection molding process parameters can be
optimized by performing CAE simulations repeatedly. Additionally,
design can be simplified and manufacturing time significantly
lowered by using those compensation rates, which are stored in a
database made available for engineers.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed
injection molding method can streamline product
design by decreasing the shrinkage rate of
defective products to less than 2%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin
Importantly, the proposed method can ensure precompensation of the mold part, ultimately ensuring
high precision in the manufacturing of exterior
injection mold parts.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

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