Shasthram Matham Manusyan PDF

im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-
im-kv-{Xwa-Xw
- a-\p-jy
Fw.Fw. AIv_
im-kv-{Xwa-Xw
- a-\p-jy
\nv Hm^v {Sqv
sasthram madam manushyan

(malayalam)
[science religion man]
author:
m.m. akbar
first edition: april 1991
second edition: november 2002
publishers:
niche of truth,
kalabhavan road,
kochi-18.
cover page:
yoonus.k.k
type setting:
m.b.s. eloor
printing:
screen offset, cochin-18
Cu- tem-In-s\m-cp- {kjv-Sm-hp-v Po-h- \-Inhmbp-hpw- shhpw- ku-Icy-sSp-n- `q-an-sb Po-hn-XtbmKyam-n-b ]caIm-cp-Wn-I\m-b {kjv-Sm-hv- \mw- Chn-sS
Fs\ Po-hn-Wsapw- Cu- Po-hn-Xn-s-d ]caeywFspw- Zq-Xm- ap-tJ\ {kjvS- m-hv- \s ]Tn-n-p.- \psS Po-hn-Xn-s-d IWv- acWtijw- \mw- {kjvS- m-hn-sd
ap-n- t_m-[n-n-tn-hcpw.- Av- ]p-Wyw- sNbv-Xh\v\bpw- ]m-]w- sNbv-Xh\v- Xn-bpw- {]Xn-êw- In-pw.- AXn\m- {kjv-Sm-hv- Xs-d Zq-Xcn-eq-sS \-In-b \n-tZia\p
kcn-v- Po-hn-p-Ibm-Wv- a\p-jy-s-d cm-am-Kw.\p-sS tem-I {kjvS- m-hv- \-In-b \n-tZi kw-ln-XbmWv- Jp-B.- ap-lZv- \_n-bn-eq-sS Ah- B ktiwa\p-jy-sn-p-sIm-Sp-p.- CXdn-hcpw- Adn-bm-
hcpw- \ap-n-Sbn- Dv.- tem-Isc ap-gp-h- {kjv-Sm-hn-sd
ktiadn-bn-- AXdn-hcp-sS _m-[y-Xbm-Wv.- AXn
\m-bn- cq-]o-Ir-Xam-b Hcp- {]kv-Ym-\am-Wv- \n-v- Hm-^v- {Sqv.\m-Ym-...- kXy-aX kti {]Nm-cWn-\p- thn-bp hn-\o-Xam-sbm-cp- kw-cw-àm-Wn-Xv.- \o- G-]n- DchmZn-n-s-d \n-hlWn-\p-thn-bp- Ffn-b {iaw.CsXm- c p- {]Xn- ^ em- l am- b {]h- \am- b n- kzo- I cntWta (Bao).-
Rs: 40
UbdIv-S-
XmfpIfn...
1. aXw, imkv{Xw: kwL\hpw klIcWhpw
11
2. imkv{Xs hfp ssZhnIaXw
21
3. imkv{X knmfpsS A{]amZnXzw
27
4. imkv{X knm khIme kXytfm?
35
5. imkv{Xnsd ]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpw
42
6. ssZhmkvXnXzhpw
55
ùXnIimkv{Xhpw
7. imkv{Xhpw am\pjnIaqeyfpw
71
8. aXw: {]kIvXnbpw {]tbmKhpw
79
11
aXw, imkv{Xw:
kwL\hpw klIcWhpw
""B-Znbn ssZhw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSnp. `qan cq]
clnXhpw iq\yhpambncpp. Bgn\papIfn A\v[Imcw
hym]nncpp. ssZhnsd ssNX\yw shn\paosX
NenpsImncpp. ssZhw Acpfn sNbvXp. shfnapmIs.
shfnapmbn. shfnw \sXp ssZhw Ip. AhnSpp
shfns Ccpfn\nv thXncnp. shfnn\p ]Isepw
Ccpfn\p cm{Xnsbpw t]cnp. k\v[ybmbn, {]`mXambn Hmw
Znhkw.
ssZhw hopw Acpfn sNbvXp. Pe ayn Hcp hnXm\w
DmIs. AXp Pes cmbn Xncns. ssZhw hnXm\ap
mpIbpw AXn\p Xmsgbp Pes apIfnep Pen
\nv thXncnpIbpw sNbvXp. A{]Imcw kw`hnp. hnXm
\n\v AhnSpv BImisav t]cnp. k\v[ybmbn, {]`mXam
bn cmw Znhkw.
ssZhw hopw Acpfn sNbvXp. BImin\v Iognep
aXw, imkv{Xw: kwL\hpw klIcWhpw
12
shsamw HcnSv Hcpanp IqSs. Ic {]XysSs. A

s\ kw`hnp. Icv `qansbpw HcpanpIqSnb Pen\v IS
sepw ssZhw t]cnp. AXp \sXv ssZhw Ip. AhnSpv
Acpfn sNbvXp. `qan FmXcw lcnXkkyfpw [m\ysSn
Ifpw hnpsmp ê Imbvp hrfpw
apfns. As\ kw`hnp. `qan Fmcw lcnX kky
fpw [m\ysSnIfpw hnp -êtfmSp IqSnb hr
fpw apfnp. AXp \sXp ssZhw Ip k\v[ybmbn, {]`mX
ambn aqmw Znhkw.
ssZhw hopw Acpfn sNbvXp. cmhpw ]Iepw thXncnm
BImihnXm\n {]Imi DmIs. Ah EXpfpw
Zn\fpw hjfpw Ipdnp ASbmffmbncns.
`qanbn {]Imiw sNmcnbmthn Ah BImihnXm\n
Zo]fmbn \ns. As\ kw`hnp. ssZhw cp almZo
] krjvSnp. ]Iens\ \bnm hepXv. cm{Xnsb \bnm
sNdpXv. \{Xsfbpw AhnSpv krjvSnp. `qanbn {]
Imiw sNmcnbm\pw cmhns\bpw ]Iens\bpw \nb{nm\pw
shfns Ccpfn\nv thXncnm\pw ssZhw Ahsb
BImihnXm\n kvYm]np. AXp \sXv ssZhw Ip.
k\v[ybmbn. {]`mXambn \memw Znhkw.
ssZhw hopw Acpfn sNbvXp. shn \nv PohPme
fpmhs; ]nI `qanpaosX BImihnXm\n
]dpIbpw sNs. As\ ssZhw òamImcfmb PePp
sfbpw ISen ]wtNv Ncnp kIehn[ PohnIsf
bpw FmXcw ]nIsfbpw krjvSnp. Ah \sXv ssZhw
Ip. AhnSpv Ahsb Cs\ A\p{Klnp: karambn
ISen \ndbphn; ]nI `qanbn s]cpIs. k\v[ybmbn,
{]`mXambn Amw Znhkw.
ssZhw hopw Acpfn sNbvXp. `qan Fmcw PohPme
sfbpw \mmenI, CgPp, ImparK Fnh
sb ]pdsSphns. As\ kw`hnp. As\ ssZhw Fm
C\w ImparKsfbpw \mmenIsfbpw CgPpsfbpw
krjvSnp. Ah \sXv AhnSpv Ip. ssZhw hopw
13
Acpfn sNbvXp. \apv Ombbnepw kmZriynepw a\pjys\

krjvSnmw. Ahv ISense akyfpsSbpw BImin
se ]dhIfpsSbpw \mmenIfpsSbpw ta B[n]Xyw
Dmbncns. As\ ssZhw Xsd Ombbn AhnSpv
Ahs\ krjvSnp. AhnSpv ]pcpj\pw kv{Xobpambn Ahsc
Cs\ A\p{Klnp. km\]pjvSnbphcmbn s]cpIphn.
`qanbn \ndv AXns\ IogSphn. ISense akyfp
sSbpw BIminse ]dhIfpsSbpw `qanbn Ncnp kIe
PohnIfpsSbpw ta \nv B[n]Xyw Dmbncns.
ssZhw Acpfn sNbvXp. `qapJp [m\yw hnfbp Fm
sNSnIfw hnpsmp ]g Imbvp Fm hr
fpw Rm \nv `Wambn Xcpp. `qanbnse arK
pw BIminse Fm ]dhIpw CgPppw Poh
izmkap kIeXn\pw Blmcambn lcnXkky Rm
\Inbncnpp. As\ kw`hnp. Xm krjvSnsXmw
hfsc \mbncnpp Fp ssZhw Ip. k\v[ybmbn, {]`m
Xambn Bdmw Znhkw.
As\ BImihpw `qanbpw Ahbnep kakvXhpw
]qWambn. ssZhw Xsd tPmen Ggmw Znhkw ]qnbmn
Xm XpSnb {]hrnbn\nv hncanp. Ggmw Znhkw Ahn
Spv hn{ianp.
krjvSnIaw ]qnbmn Xsd {]hrnIfn\nv
hncanv hn{ian Ggmw Znhks ssZhw A\p{Klnp hnip
amn. CXmWv BIminsdbpw `qanbpsSbpw D]n
Ncn{Xw''-. (ss__n D]n ]pkvXIw Hmw A[ymbw 131
(apgph \pw) cmw A[ymbw 1 apX 4 hscbpw hmIy).
temInse `qcn]w aXhnizmknIfpsSbpw Nnsb \nb
{nncp, Cpw \nb{npsImncnp {K\vYnse
{]]tm]nsbpdnp hnhcWamWv apIfn. ]utcm
lnXynsd ssI ISepIv hnt[bamb "ssZhn-I
{K\vY'n kvJenXfpmhpI kzm`mhnIw am{Xw. ]t,
XfpsS kzImcymhiy kwcnm kXythZ ]pkvX
In XncpepI hcpnb hyIv X nXz AXn
14
sXps hmZw AwKoIcnpsImSpm XbmdmhpIbn

tm. ]qh]nXmfpsS Imev kaqlnepmbncp A_
[mcW ISpIqSnb "kXythZ]pkvXI's hnpw
]pnpw amw hcmsX \ne\nWsav iTn ]utcmlnXy
n\papn Hscm amKta Dmbncppq. "thZ]pkvXI
kXy'v \ncm Imcy IspXn \nv
a\pjysc ]nncnnpI. AXn\h ]e amK Isn.
Bibkacw ]cmPbstm Btbm[\ apdI ]bn.
A{Iafgnphnp. A]hmZ {]Ncnnp. ]t, GtXm
Axt{]cWv hnt[bambn Nnnp a\pjycn Nnesc
nepw X Isnb bmYmYyw Dds hnfnp ]dp.
Ahcn ]ecpw ]utcmlnXynsd I\ap Ipcnin Ibdm
hn[nsp. Insbcnbnsp. hnjw IpSnnsp.
BntbmSnsp. ap Nne Ahkm\ \nanjn "Cu ]m\
]m{Xw Xfn\nv \opXn\pthn' X Isnb
kXyw AkXyamsWv {]Jym]np. kzs cnm
XmmenIamsbnepw Ifhp]dtbn hp,- Ahv .
]utcmlnXyadnn,- {InkvXphn\pthn Hcpnb Ipcnin
apncoSaWntbnh HpImc\mb bqZmkns\tmse,
a\pjyNnsb XSpm Xsfmcpp\ Cu acpcnipI
fn apncoSaWntbn hcnI XXsbmsWv. Cpw
aXw F te_en\p Xmsghcp kIecpamWv Cu Ipcnin
InSp]nSbpsXv{InkvXpinjymt]mepw Ipcnin
]nSbpXv a\pjy]p{X\mb {InkvXpXsbmsWv a\nem
nb t]mse P\w IcpXpp. X RmW sImv inc
n ASnpXpw XppXpw ]cnlknp {]WanpXpw
{Inkv X phns\bmsWv ]nemtmknsd ]SbmfnI
sXncnt]mse bYmY aXsbmWv X sImpsIm
ncnpsXv A`n\h ]nemtmkpam A`nam\npp.
hnPvRm\nsd hnfpambn ssZhIcpWbm Hcp t]mdep
tamsX ssZhnIaXw \ne\npp. AXp ImWm, Ip
Ifpmbnpw "hnhcnsd ]WnbmfpI' FhImisSp
h sa\sSpn. ImcWw, Ahmhiyw aXs
sImpshv hcpnopIbmWv. Ahdnbmw bmYm
15
Yys \innpI km[yasv. {InkvXpXsbmWv Ipcnin

cIvXw NnnbsXv t_m[ysSpnbnv e`np P\]n
pWbmbncpphtm ]nemtmknsdbpw eyw.
hnip thZ]pkvXIw IpaSv hnizknWsav ]d
]ptcmlnXmtcmSv Nnnp a\pjy tNmZn tNmZnm
XpSn.
Hmw Znhkw BImihpw `qanbpw krjvSnstm
kqcy\nmsX Fs\bmWv {]`mXhpw k\v[ybpapmbXv?
(kqcy krjvSnsSpXv \memw ZnhkamWtm?)
{]Imi ImcWfmb \{XfpsS \nanXnp apmbn
Fs\bmWv `qanbn {]ImiapmhpI?
kky \ne\nmXs kqcy Bhiysancns
kqcykrjvSnv Hcp Znhkw apv, aqmw Znhkw kkyPme
fpsS krjvSn \SsXs\bmWv?
`qanbpsSbpw kqcyN{mcpsSbpw Bhn`mhw cp kab
fnembn kw`hnXsv hyIvXambncns, Hmw Znhkw
`qanbpw \memw Znhkw kqcy\pw krjvSnspsh ]cma
iw icnbmtWm?
tNmZyw sNm aSnm a\ph apgph tNmZy
tNmZnpsImncpp. ]utcmlnXyw Dcw apn. A[nImcn
sd kzm[o\apmbncp ]utcmlnXyw Cu {]Xnk\v[nv
hfsc "Ffp'amb ]cnlmcamKamWv IsnbXv. tNmZnp
hsd hmb aqSnspI. AXn\p Nnetm Hcp XpWn
jvWw aXnbmhpw. ap Nnetm XqpIbdmhpw thnhcnI.
FmWmhiysanepw AXp kPvPamn. tNmZy XIm
, A[nImcnencnph BPvRm\phnIfmbpmbn
cp ]utcmlnXyn\v {]bmkapmbn. Cu tNmZyfpsS
tlmamKv\nbn Npscns F{Xsb{X tNmZyIm!
Ahcn ]ecpsSbpw t]cv \apdnbn. ]t, "kXythZ kwc
W' Ncn{Xnsd XmfpIfn \nv AhcpsS tcmZ\w \mw
tIpp. Hcp Dbnsgpt]nsd Bchhpw!
F.Un. 1548"kzKob tKmffpsS {àWsn' F
16
Xsd {K\vYneqsS \ntmfkv tIm\nkv F t]mfn

jv ]mXncn, kqcy\mWv {]]nsd tI{sa knmw
aptmpshp. {InkvXphn\v tijw cmw \qmn \nan
sXpw XncphN\tfmSv s]mcpsSp {]] amXrIsb
k`bpsS AwKoImcw e`nXpamb tSmfanbpsS "ùatI{kn
m'n\v XnIpw hncpambn cpp tIm\nknsd
knm. {]]nsd tI{w kqcy\msWv ss]
tKmdkv appw ]dncpsnepw {KlfpsS kvYm\hpw
{KlWfpsS kabhpwIqSn IWpIqn {]hNnm km[nXn\m tIm\nknsd {]] amXrIv {]m_eyw
h[np. ssZh\ntj[nsbv ap{ZIpsSptam Fv `bv
kzw t]cpshmsXbmWv Atlw Xsd knm
{]knoIcnXv. Ahkm\w "kzKob tKmffpsS {àWs
n' F ]pkvXIw htm, `bssXtm AXpXs
kw`hnp. thZ]pkv X In\nv hcnIfpcnpsImv
tIm\nkns\ FXnh tNmZnp. "ssZhw krjvSn Cu
kpctemIamsX asmWv Cu {]]nsd tI{am
hpI?' tIm\nkv sXmSpphn sImSpmv Agnphn
kw`hfpsS Zqchym]IXzw ImWm Atlw Pohnncpn.
F.Un. 1593Cenbnse t\mfbn P\n KntbmUmt\m
{_qtWm, tIm\nknsd knm {]Ncnnpsh
Ipn\v ImcmKrlneSsp. kqcys\ NppXv GXm
\pw BImitKmf am{XamsWpw kqcys\tmse At\
Iw \{Xfpspw Ahbvsmw Nppw Idp {Kl
fptSXmb Hcp hyqlapspw {_qtWm kaYnp. kXyth
Z]pkvXIn\v ISIhncpamb Imcy {]NcnnpIbpw
]ptcmlnXmsc [ncnpIbpw sNbvXpsh Ipn\v
inns {_qtWmbvv amptNmZnm ]e {]mhiyw
Ahkcw \Insbnepw Atlw AXv \ncknp. Xm Is
nb Imcy adpshmsX "]ptcmlnXtmSXn'bn\nvAh Atlw BhnpsImncpp. {InkvXphjw 1600
tImSXn Atls h[inv hn[np. h[kvXw`n
_\v[nv AKv\nbn ZlnnpIbmWv hnPvRm\ hntcm[nI
{_qtWmbvv \Inb in.
17
F.Un. 1632Keoentbm KeoenbpsS kp{]knamb "kwhm

Zw'(Dialogue) F ]pkvXIw ]pdphp. 596 apX tIm
\nknsd kuctI{ knmw {]NcnnXn\v ]utcmln
Xynsd t\mpnbmbn amdnbncp KeoentbmsXnsc
bp \S]SnIv, "UbtemKn'sd {]knoIcWw Bw
Iqn. 1613 Atlw ^mZ tImkvnv FgpXn. "\apv C{n
bfpw _pnbpw bpIvXnbpw X\p{Kln ssZhwXs B
knnIfp]tbmKnpXn\nv \s hneppshv
hnizknphtcmSv tbmPnm F\np _m[yXbn'.
{]]nsd krjvSnp ]nn Hcp almssNX\ys
Zin kXymt\zjnbpsS, _unI kzmX{yw \Ip
aXn\pthnbp "tXamWv ' Cu Fgpn \apv
ImWm IgnbpXv. 1615 tdmanse In\m s_mssa
Keoentbmhns\ imknp. "`qanb {]]nsd tI{sa
pw AXn\v ssZ\wZn\ {àWw Dspw ]dbpXv hnip
hN\v hncpamWv. Cu {]NmcWw XpSm PbneneS
m `cWIqSw \n_\v[nXamIpw'.
1632se "UbtemKn'sd {]knoIcWtmSpIqSn Keoen
tbm PbneneSsp. Pbnenshv Atls \n_\v[nv
A`n{]mbw Xncpnnp. Pbnenshv A\p`hn imcocnI
hpw am\knIhpamb ]oU\ Atls hnj\pw A]
am\nX\pamn. B \jvSs BXvahocyw XncnsSpm 1642
acWsSpXphsc Atln\p Ignn.
F.Un. 1621 sIdpsS "{KlNe\ \nba' BhnjvIcn
sp. {Kl kqcy\p Nppw kcnpXv ZoLhr
]YnemsWv Atlw kaYnp. tIm\nknsd
knmsf AXnsd hniZmwifn hnain sIdpsS
Harmony of the World, Emptoms of Copernican Astronomy XpSnb
{K\vY, Ah tIm\nknsd knms A\pIqen
ppsh ImcWm \ntcm[nsp. A[nImcnIfpsS
A{Iaw `bv sIv kzw \mn\nv amdnmaknt
nhp.
Cs\ F{Xsb{X kw`h! hnPvRm\nsd {]th
18
i\ IhmSn\p apn hneSnp\n ]utcmlnXynsd

Icn `nnIfn hnepI {]Xysp. AXn\pneq
sS h shfnw Ih Ih kXyw Dds hnfnp]dp.
Cu hnepI adbvm ]mccy kvYm]\aXnsd Bfp
I sNbvX ]WnIsfmw AhbpsS hepw h[nnm\mWv
ImcWambXv. Cu shfnw Ihscbpw Ihs\ Ihscbp
samw "altdm' sNmnpdmnsmmWv k` XfpsS
Ihyw \nhlnXv.
Ap apX ]ecpw ]dpXpSn: "imkv{Xw aXns\
XncmWv, aXw imkv{Xns\XncmWv.'
CXn\p \Sphn A\pcRvP\nsd I]S \mSyfpambn
h Nne ]dp:
"aXw imkv{Xntem imkv{Xw aXntem CSs]SmXncp
m aXn.'
Ahmhiyw aXs ]naqeIfnepw `P\ameIfnep
samXppIbmbncpp. Ahcn apJwaqSnsbpdndnbmsX
aXhnizmknIfn Nne ipKXnmcpw apIfnse hmIyw Gp
]mSpIbpw Bhnv DcphnSpIbpw sNbvXpsImncpp.
AXn\pthn {K\vY cNnp. {]`mjW kwLSnnp.
ap Nne ]dpXpSn: "imkv{Xnsd Hmtcm Ip]nSn
hpw aXnsd ASnkvYm\mibamb ssZhhnizmknsd
{]kIvXn \jvSsSppIbmWv sNpXv.'
"HmtemNnm B[p\nI imkv{Xnsd in]nIfm
cpwXs \ncoizchmZnItfm aXhntcm[nItfm Bbncpnsv
ImWmw' (\yqWpw {]nknnbbpw, s{]m^. ]n.kn.sI. \qXn
cnmSv, t]. 29. tIcf imkv{X kmlnXy ]cnjv {]knoI
cWw) F hkvXpX adpshpsImmWv Cu hn`mKw
ssZhhnizmkns\Xnsc Ipcnipbpn\p ]pdsXv .
\yqWpw sFkvbn\pw Umhn\pw AwKoIcn {]]n
se {]h\p ]nnep almssNX\ys \ntj[n
pIbmWv imkv{Xnsd BXynI eysav hmZnp
Ibpw AtXkabw "\yqWpw Umhn\pw sFkvbn\pw sImfp
19
nb Zo]inJ Xeapd Xeapd ssIamdn sISmsX R

kqnpw' Fv Be]npIbpw sNph Cpw \ne
\npp.
"hnip thZ{K\vY'nse hmIy Acw{]Xn icnbm
sWpw AXn {]amZapmhpI Akm[yamsWpw hmZnp
sImv aXauenI hmZnI (fundamentalists)* Hcphiv
AWn\nctm ]condn bmYmYy thZ]pkvX
In\v hncpsanepw AXmWv icnbmhm km[yXsb
knmhpambn imkv{XPvRm adphiv ktfnXv
kzm`mhnIw am{Xw. hyXykvX kaqlfnepmbncp A_
[mcWI ISpIqSn kXyhpw kvJenXfpw kn{iambn
ktfn "thZ]pkvXI'n Aimkv{Xobamb ]cmaifp
mhm\p km[yX \ntj[nm Ignbntm. Atm Cu
sbmcp kwL\w A\nhmcyambncppshpthWw ]dbm.
]utcmlnXy aXhpw imkv{Xhpw Xnep kwL\anmbncp
pshn Cv hnPvRm\imJIfn ]eXpw achnpt]m
tbs\.
]t, {]]s krjvSn ssZhs \ntj[np
sXn\mWv? kzmYnIfmb a\pjycpsS ssII {]hn
sXn\v ssZhsXs \ntj[ntXptm? kvYm]\aX
nsd ]WnbmfpIfpw ]nWnbmfpIfpw kXyn\v IpgnamSw
]Spshn AXn\v ssZhnI aXs Fn\v {]Xnqn
IbWw? a\pjy sNbvX sXn\v ssZhsav ]ngp? aXsav
]ngp? Hcp Imcyw \mw AdnbpI. Hcp kXyw ]Xn\mbncw t]
Hcpanp\np \ntj[nmepw AkXyamIm t]mIpn.
ssZhmkvXnXzw Hcp hkvXpXbmsWn BcpXs \ntj[n
mepw ssZhn\v Hcp {]iv\hpan. \ntj[nmWv B \ntj
[w sImv \jvSapmhpXv. AXpsImpXs {]]
*aXnsd auenI Xzpthn hmZnpI FmWv aXauenIhmZn
sd `mjmYsanepw AXn\v kmtXnIambn asmcYapv. 19mw \qmn
Atacnbnse s{]mkvdv k`mnSbn\npw cq]w sIm Nnm{]kvYm
\amWv ^sadenkw. hnip ss__n AcmYnXs sXp]mXm
sWmWv ^sadenknsd ASnkvYm\mibw. ss__nfns\Xncnemtcm]n
sSp imkv{Xob sXpI imkv{Xs A\pIqeambn hymJym\np sImv
CmXmtXmsWpw Ch hnizknpp.
20
krjvSnp]nnse AP\mb Hcp {kjvSmhnsd AkvXnXzw

\ntj[np-Xn- \papv B \ntj[n\v h AYhpw ASnkv
Ym\hpaptm Fv ]cntim[ntXv HmtcmcpcpsSbpw
ISabmWv. Ihyw \ndthmXncn pXv Xocm\jvSnte
t a\pjys\ \bnq.
21
imkv{Xs hfp
ssZhnI aXw
th-Z-{K\vYnsd
A{]amZnXz \ntj[n\v \nZm\amIp

sa ImcWm tdmanepw {Koknepw imkv { XNnv
"CIznknj' \SmpXn\v \qmpIv apv, {]amZ
apIvXamb ssZhnI{K\vYn\nv {]tNmZ\apsmv
hnPvRm\ taJeIfntev Dufnbnndnb almcYmsc
imkv{XNcn{Xw adpItbm adnpItbm sNbvXnpv. {_q
tWm NpscnsXpw Keoentbm XShnemsXpw Fn\p
thnbmbncptm AtX eyn\pthn {]hnhsc
_lpaXnIsImv BZcn Ncn{XamWv Atd_ypw Ckvem
an\papXv. "Jm\q -^nXznv' (sshZyimkv{X \nba)
F hniz{]kn {K\vYsagpXnb C_v\pko\ (9801037 F.Un)
{]tNmZ\apsmXv hnip JpB\n\nmbncpp.
hyXykvX imkv{X imJIsfpdnv Ccpqtdmfw _rlXv{K\v
YsfgpXnb aplZv _n kIcnmdmknbpsSbpw ASnkvYm
\ t{kmXv Ay{]hmNI\neqsS am\hcminp AhXoW
imkv{Xs hfp ssZhnI aXw
22
amb Ahkm\ thZ{K\vYambncpp. ikv{X{InbbpsS ASnkv

Ym\ {K\vYambn AhXcnnsSp "Xkvco-^n'sd Im
hv A_p Jmknbpw {]Imi imkv{Xnsd aqeknm
hnhcnp On Opticssd Imhv Alk\pw
{XntImWanXnv A\ntj[yamb kw`mh\I \Inb
A_ph^bpw APn{_bpsS ASnkvYm\ Xz Bhn
jvIcn aplZv _n apkJphmcnkvanbpw JtKmf imkv{X
n\v AhKWnm\mhm kw`mh\I \Inb \mkndpo
\pqknbpw AJmenbpw ckX{nse ASnkvYm\
{K\vYfnsemmbn ]cnKWnsSp Book of SeventybpsS
Imhv Pm_ndp_v\p lm\pq^nbpsamw {]tNmZ\ap
smXv, Nnnm\pw Imcy Isphm\pw a\pjys\
ASnSn DWp hnip JpB\n\npXsbmbncp
p. aXw s]mfnbpsav `bv imkv{XNnsb \innm
]ptcmlnXm ]pdsSpXn\v \qmpIp apmWv, {]]
bmYmYyfpsS IsepI aXs _esSppI
bmWv sNpIsbv apIfn t]scSpv ]dhcpw Am
hcpamb imkv{XPvRm {]mtbmKnIambn sXfnbnXv. "`qan
kqcys\ hewshpp'sh {]m]nI kXyw ]dbpIbpw
{]NcnnpIbpw sNpXv aX]camb IpamsWv tdmanse
sshZnIk` \nbaapmnbXv F.Un. 1616embncppshv
\mw HmWw. Fm, CXn\v \qmpIpapv F.Un.
750\pw 850\pw CSbvmWv Jeo-âmcmb lmdqdjoZpw
amaq\pw akqdpw aX]camb Ihysa \nebvv imkv{X
s t{]mkmlnnpIbpw hnPvRm\sbpw kzX{Nn
sbbpw hfcm\\p hZnpIbpw sNbvXsXpIqSn \mw a\nem
pI. ChnsS \mw cpXcw aXsf ]cnNbsSpp. Hv
imkv{Xs hfp aXw-. {]]s krjvSnp ]cn]men
p ssZhn\v, a\pjy {]m]nI \nba Ip]nSn
pXn\v Ahsd AkvXnXzs t_m[ysSpm\mWv
DXIpIsbdnbmw. AXpsImpXs ssZhnIaXw hnPvRm\
nsd apn adbpambn \nesImpIbn. kXyw shfns
SpXv, Xfpw ]qh]nXmfpw ssZhnIaXnepw {K\vY
fnepw hcpnb kzmYamb ssIISepIsf ]pdpsImp
23
hcm\pXIpsav ]utcmlnXyn\dnbmw. AXpsImpXs

"]ptcmlnXaXw' hnPvRm\n\papn IcnShpambp Ccp
w XpScpw. ssZhnI aXnsd {][m\ t{kmXv kvJenX
clnXhpw a\pjyIcfpsS CSs]SepIv hnt[bamhm
Xpamb ssZhnI {K\vYamWv. BhWw. AXn\np hyXnNe
\amWv a\pjyNnsb kpNnXamb apmenIfn sInbn
Sm t{]cnnpXv. ChnsS {]Xnqn \npXv GsXn
epsamcp {]tXyI kapZmbmc. {]XypX ssZhnI t{kmXp
Ifn\nv hyXnNenv ]utcmlnXynsd A\pimk\I
inckmhln apgph t]cpamWv. BImi`qanIfnep hkvXp
sfbpw hkvXpXIsfbpw Ipdnv Nnnphm XpSscpSsc
Blzm\w sNp hnip JpB\n\p thn AhImi
w \Sp _lpam\shXsbmWv `qan Imfsmn
emsWv hn[nXpw N{\n ImepIpnbXv hnizknm
sImnsv {]Jym]nXpw.
kvJenXclnXhpw a\pjyIchnXpIfn\nv apIvXhpamb
ssZhnI {K\vYw ]dbpXv A\v[ambn bmsXmns\bpw ]n
]cpsXmWv. Ipw ImXpw akvXnjvIhpw X ssZhw Ah
D]tbmKnmXncnpXns\ iIvXambn hneppv. "\n\v
AdnhnmXns\ \o ]npScpIbpw sNcpXv. \nivNbambpw
tIhnbpw ImgvNbpw _pniIvXnbpw Chsbmns\pdnpw
tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv.-' (hn.Jp. 17:36) ssZhnsd im]
tIm] Xm]v ]m{Xo`qXcmbn \cImKv\nbn FdnbsSp
hcpsS kz`mhw ssZhnI {K\vYw hnhcnpXv t\mpI:
""Ahv lrZbfpv, Ah aqew Ah {Klnpn;
Ahv IpIfpv, Ah aqew Ah ImWpn; Ahv
ImXpIfpv; Ah aqew Ah tIpn. Ah ImenIsf
tmsebmWv; A Ahcm-Wv- IqSp-X- ]n-g--h-;- A-h-X-sbm-Wv- {i--bn-m-h.--'' (hn.Jp. 7:179)
{]] ]T\w kXy\ntj[nte; {]XypX AP\mb
{kjvSmhnsd AkvXnXzmwKoImcntemWv a\pjys\
\bnpIsbv a\nemph\mWv apkvenw. Ah\v AXn\p
{]tNmZ\w JpB\mWv. JpB a\pjytcmSv I]nXv
24
{]]spdnv ]TncpsX; KthjW \Scp

sX; adnv BImin\p Xmsgbp Fmns\pdnpw
Ahsd Ignhn\\pkcnv a\nemWsamWv; ]TnW
samWv; AXneqsS ]caImcpWnIs\pdnv a\nemWsa
mWv. ""Xobmbpw BImifnepw `qanbnepw hnizmknI
v ZrjvSmfpv. \nfpsSXs krjvSnbnepw, Fpw
hym]nncnp Ppfnepw ZrVhnizmkap P\Xv
ZrjvSmfpv. cmIepIfpsS amnepw BImin
\nv Amlp Cdp PohnXhn`hnepw, As\ AXp
aqew `qansb AXnsd acWn\ptijw PohnnpXnepw
ImpIfpsS KXnamnepsamw _pnbp P\Xv ]e Zrjv
Smfpapv.-'' (hn.Jp. 45:35)
ssZhmkvXnXzn\p sXfnhpIpthn \app Npn
tepw t\mphm\mWv JpB \ntZinpXv.
""HIs Ah t\mpntAsXs\bmWv krjvSn
sncnpXv.
D]cntemItv AsXs\bmWv DbsncnpXv.
]hXfntev Fs\bmWXv \msncnpXv.
`qanbntev Fs\bmWXv hnXm\nsncnpXv.''
(hn.Jp. 88:1720)
HIsf, Ppsf, kkyPmesf, a\pjysc,- `q-an-sb,]--h-X--sf,- B-Im-i-tKm-f--sf...-As\ F-m- \n-Po-h-hpwkPohhp-amb hkvXpfpsS krjvSnns\pdn ]T\w AXn
\p]nn A]mcamb Hcp _pnbpsS APamb {]h\
fpspXsbmWv a\pjys\ t_m[ysSppXv .
BImitKmffpsS Ne\fpw AhkvYIfpw a\nemn
cpXv Ahsb \nb{npsImncnph- {]amZapIvXam
sWmWv. ]hXsfbpw `qansbbpw Ipdn ]T\w AhbpsS
sbmw ]nn Hcp _pnbpsv hyIvXamncpp. AXp
sImmWv ssZhnI{K\vYw Npp]mSns\bpw kzXzsbpw
Ipdnv ]Tnm\pw Nnnm\pw a\pjytcmSv ASnSn Blzm\w
sNpXv.
25
_pnbp P\v ssZhnI krjvSnnsd Hmtcm

Imcyfnepw ZrjvSmfpv Fv {]Jym]np JpB
Hcnepw hnPvRm\nsd apn IcnShpambn \nesm
nn. JpB\nsd Blzm\n\nv {]tNmZ\apsm
psImmWv Fv, HXv \qmpIfnse apkvenw imkv{X
PvRm XfpsS ASnkvYm\ Ip]nSn \SnbXv.
]ptcmlnXaXhpw ]WnbmfpIfpapmnb NeIfn
InSv kzmX{yn\pthn Zmlnncp a\pjy[njWsb
_\v[\fn\npw `mcfn\npw apIvXampIbmWv
Ahkm\\m hsc A{]amZnXambn \ne\np ssZhnI
{K\v Y hpambn h An- a - { ]hmNI sNbv X Xv . AsX,
"Atlw AhcpsS taepmbncp hnepIsfbpw AhcpsS
`mcsbpw CdnshpIbpw sNpp' (hn.Jp. 7:157).
{]kn {_nojv tPymXnimkv{XPvR\mb s{^-Uv tlmbn
ensd hcnI {inpI. "kaImenI aXw Cp Ignpt]m
b bpKfnse aXm\pimk\sf ASnkvYm\sSpnbnp
XmWv. Ahv Cs aXhnizmknI IcpXpXnepw
IqSpX ]gapv. a\pjy\v Ahs\pdntm {]]s
pdntm XmcXtay\ hfscpdnp am{Xw Adnhpmbncp
Hcp ImeLnemWv {]kvXpX aXm\pimk\I Dcpncn
Xv. AXpsImv Ames BfpIv [mcmfw ]niIp
I ]nbncnm CSbpv. B ]niIpI bpIvXnt_m[ap
B[p\nI a\pjysd \ncpiamb kqva]cntim[\sb
AXnPohnm t]mX'.*
s{Ûv tlmbnensd hnebncp Hcp ]cn[nhsc icnbm
Wv. Atlnsd At\zjW]cn[nbn ]ptcmlnX aX
fpw hnIrXams thZ{K\vYfpw am{Xta DsSppq
shp am{Xw. Adnhnm Imev Dcpncn aXm\pimk
\Ifn Adnhnmb-v-abn\npmhp ]niIpI ImWpI
kzm`mhnIamWv. ]t, kv-Y-e-Im-e--v- A-Xo-X-\m-b- ssZh
n\nmWv imk\Isfntem? AXn sXpmhpIbn.
]qWambn ssZhnIsav hntijnnmhp h aXtfm
* Fred Hoyle. Man and Meterialism. Page: 155.
26
{K\vYtfm \ne\nptm Fv ]cntim[ntXv Hmtcm

a\pjysdbpw _m[yXbmWv, ISabmWv. kzw ISa\ndthm
XncnpXv \s imizX \jvSntemWv \bnpIsb
tmpI! \jvSw hp`hn tijw Xncpm Bcmepamhn
s bmYmYywIqSn \mw a\nemptmgmWv hcm\p
\jvSspdn Nnv {]kIvXntbdpXv.
\mw ]cntim[npI\apv apn ssZhnI{K\vYfmsW
]pdwNbn {]XysSp GsXnepsamcp ]pkvXIw B
hntijWn\lamtWm Fv- \app tImw:
"The Vedas are neither infallible nor all inclusive' (thZ
A{]amZnXztfm khhpw DsmptXm A)*
"\qmpIfnembn ]gb ]pXnb \nba ]mndknepw
tXmpcpIfpIfnepw ]InsbgpXsncpp. B[p\nI
coXnbnep ap{ZW k{Zmb Ap \nehnepmbncp
n. ]Ip Hmtcmcpcpw kzm`mhnIambn sXpI hcp
nbncpXpsImv ssIsbgpp{]XnIfn kmcamb
hyXymk hnpv.'**
""\psS ASnabpsS ta \mw AhXcnnXns\pdnv \n
kwibnemsWn, AXpt]msemcp A[ymbw \n
sImphcphn. Amlphn\v ]pdsabp \nfpsS kmn
Isf \n hnfnpIbpw sNbvXpsImphn. \n kXy
hmmcmsWn'' (hn.Jp. 2:23). C; CXphsc Ignnn.
JpB\n\v Xpeyamsbmcp {K\vYw sImphcm. th, AXn
teXn\p Xpeyamsbmcp A[ymbw cNnm temIp
kIeiIv X nIfpw HnptNmepw Ahkm\\mfphsc
Ignbn. AXn\p {ian ]ecpw ]cmPbw kXnp ]nhmn
bXn\v Ncn{Xw kmnbmWv. Ahkm\ \mfphscbp a\pjy
p apgph amKZi\w \Im Ignhp GI{K\vYw Jp
B\mWv. Ay\mfp hsc AXv {]-am-Za
- p-IvX
- a
- mbn \nesIm pw
Xo! ""AXmWv {K\vYw! AXn kwibta C.-'' (hn.Jp. 2:2)
* Dr. Radhakrishnan: Indian Religions. Page: 22.
**]n.Sn. Ipcphnf: ss__n \qmpIfneqsS. t]Pv: 16, 17.
27
imkv{X knmfpsS
A{]amZnXzw
Ign
Hpcp \qmpI, sshPvRm\nI cwKs

A`qX]qhamb hfv kmyw hln \qmpIfmWv.
km[mcWmc\n imkv{Xspdn AanXamb Bibpw
aXnpapmm Cu \qmpIfnse sshPvRm\nI aptw
ImcWambnpv. a\pjy\v kz]v\nt]mepw ImWm
IgnbmXncp Imcyfn ]eXpw t\SnsbSpm km[n
imkv{XtmSp km[mcWmcsd aXnv kzm`mhnIw
am{Xw. BImineqsS ]dpIsb Bibw IhnXIfn
am{Xw HXpnbncp CseIfnse a\pjy\n\nv
_lncmImi bpKntev IpXnm a\pjys\ {]m]vX\m
pXphscbp ]ptcmKXnv hgnsXfnbn imkv{Xsa
amPnIvkvnnt\mSp km[mcWmcsd AanXamb aXnv
Iptd sXmb [mcWIfpsS krjvSnv \nZm\ambnpv.
imkv{Xnsd te_en ]dbsSpsXpw kXyamWv.
imkv{Xn\v GXpXcw tNmZypw Dcw \Im
imkv{X knmfpsS A{]amZnXzw
28
Ignbpw. imkv{XPvRsd samgnv FXnsamgnbn. imkv{X

n\v Ism Ignbm Imcyfn..-. Cs\ t]mIpp
[mcWI.
FmWv imkv{Xw? H\h[n Dc \Is tNmZyam
WnXv. kbdnb (Scientia) F emn ]Zn\nmWv
"kbkn'sd D]n. AXn\Yw "Adnhv' AYhm "hnPvRm
\w' FmWv. imkv{Xnsd Ghpw {]mNo\amb AYw
"Adnhv' FmsWnepw ]mZmYnIamb hnPvRm\w am{Xta
\mw imkv{Xsav ]dbptm hnhnppq. imkv{Xn
\v k hneyw skkn Umw]nb \Inb \nhN\w
{inpI:
Science may be defined as ordered knowledge of natural phenomena and the rational study of the ralations between the concepts in which these phenomena are expressed.''* ({]IrXn
{]Xn`mksfpdn A\p{Iaamb Adnhpw Cu {]Xn`m
k hyIvXamp Imcy Xnep _\v[spdn
bpIvXn\njvTamb ]T\hpamWv imkv{Xsav \nhNnmw).
]ZmYhpw {Zhym-[-njvTnXamb Cu {]]hpw am{XamWv
imkv {Xnsd taJe. AXpsImpXs {]]mXoX
iIvXnsbtbm ]ZmYmXoX hkvXpsftbm Ipdnv Adntb
Xn\v imkv{Xs kao]nnv Imcyan. imkv{Xw am{XamWv
icn Fv iTnphv Acw bmYmYysf \ntj[n
pI am{Xta \nhmlapq.
ùXnI {]Xn`mksf a\nempXn\pthnbp
]cythjWfmWv imkv{X]T\w. sskmnIhpw kmt
XnIhpamb hnPvRm\ imkv{Xnsd ]cn[nbn hcpp.
sskmnI hnPv R m\w ]coWmXv a Ihpw kmtXnI
hnPvRm\w {]tbmKahp-amWv. kmtXnI hnPvRm\n
\pIqSn ASnd ]WnbpXv sskmnI hnPvRm\amWv.
kmtXnI hnPvRm\n\nmWv kmtXnIhnZy cq]w
sImpXv. kaqln\v imkv{Xw sImv t\cnp t\w
Cu kmtXnI hnZybmWv. {Zhys DuPambpw DuPs
* W.C. Dampier: A History of Science. Page: 13.
29
{Zhyambpw ammw F sskmnI hnPvRm\n \nv

E= mc2 (E= DuPw, m= {Zhynsd amv, c= {]Iminsd
{]thKw) F kmtXnI hnPvRm\w cq]w sImpp. AWp
dnbmIvSdpIfneqsSbpw Bwt_mw _pIfneqsSbpw apw kmt
XnI hnZybmbn ]cnWanpXv Cu kmtXnI hnPvRm\amWv.
knmfmWv imkv{X nsd ASnkvYm\(base)saYw.
sskmnI hnPvRm\w ASnkvYm\]cambn XmmenI
(provisional)amWv. imkv{Xnsd Hcp knmhpw kv-Yn-camsW-v- ]-d-bm-\m-In-.- ]coWfpw KthjWfpw \Sp
tm apv sXfnbns imkv{X knmfn ]eXnsd
bpw AeIpw ]nSnbpw amtnhnpv. app knmfn
\nmWv Hmtcm imkv{XPvR\pw XpSpXv. ]etmgpw
Xsd apKmanIfpsS knmn\v hniZoIcWw \Im
{ianptmgmWv imkv{XPvRmcpsS a\n ]pXnb knm
DcpncnbpXv. AXpsImpXs Hmtcm imkv{X
PvR\pw Xsd apKmanItfmSv ISsncnpp;- AhcpsS
knmfpw hymJym\fpw F{XXs A_fpsm
ppshnepw. \yq ]d ]Z ChnsS {]tXyIw
{itbamWv. "Rm s]maphs\v tXmppshn
AXn\p ImcWw Rm Fsd apKmanIfpsS tXmfntedn \n
pIbmsWXmWv.' XeapdIfn\npw XeapdIfntev
hnPvRm\w ]Icm a\pjys\ ]cym]vXamp "FgpXm\p
Ignhm'Wv imkv{X kmtXnI cwKs almb IpXnpNm
n\v \nZm\ambsXYw. enJnX tcJIfnmbncppshn
Xsd apKman Fp ]dpshdnbm a\pjy\p amK
sfmpapmIpambncpn. amIvknkvv NnI\mb Un.Un.
sImkmw_n FgpXpp. "BnanUokpw \yqWpw tKkpw
Hnt\msSmv IqnbnWs NeenIfmWv. Hmtcmcp
cpsSbpw Ip]nSn XfpsS apKmanIfpsS Ip
]nSntfmSv GsXnepw Xcn At`Zyambn _\v[s
ncnpp. BZys Ip]nSnw \Snnmbncppshn
anhmdpw ]ntXv \Spambncpn.'* ""t]\sImv
* Kosambi: science, Society and peace. Page:10.
30
]Tnnncnp AXypZmc\mWv \nsd cnXmhv'' (hn.Jp.

96:3,4) F ssZhnIhN\w CXnt\mSv IqnhmbnpI.
Acnkvtmnen\nmWv tSmfan XpSnbXv. F.Un cmw
\qmn Pohn tSmfan, `qansb {]]nsd tI{ambn
{]XnjvTnpsImp Xsd {]]amXrIv {]tNmZ\ap
smXv Acnkvtmnen\nmbncpp. tSmfanbpsS knm
spdnv IqSpX ]Tn tIm \nkv, `qanb kqcy\mWv
{]]nsd tI{amIm IqSpX km[yXsb knmw
aptmpshp. sIdmIs tIm \n {]] amXrI
bpsS hniZmwifn am{Xw Nne am hcppIbmWv
sNbvXXv. {]] hymJym\n\v \yq XpSnbXv sIdn
\nmbncpp. "^ntemk^nb \mpdmenkv {]nknnb
amamn' F sFkIv \yqsd kp{]knamb {K\vYw
]pdphtm, AXv sIdpsS amXrIbnse ]niIpI
hyIv X amn. Ne\ \nbafpsS Bhnjv I mcneqsS,
KpcpXzmIjWamWv BImitKmffpsS \ne\n]n\v
\nZm\amb iIvXnsbv kvYm]n \yq imkv{XtemIv
AhKWnm\mhm hn[w AwKoIcnsp. \yqsd Ne\
\nbafn\nv- XpSnb sFkvbn Bt]nIXm
knmneqsS kvYeIme ss\ccyntdXmb ]pXn
sbmcp {]] hymJym\n\v cq]w \In. Cv AwKoIcn
s {]] hymJym\w sFkvbntdXmWv. ]t, Xsd
knmn\v {]]nsd Hcp kqW Nn{XahXcnn
m Ignbnsv sFkvbn\dnbmambncpp. KpcpXzmI
jW iIvXnsbbpw BeIvXnI ImiIvXnsbbpw IqnbnW
p Hcp GIoIrX {]Xe knm (unified field theory)n\v
cq]w \Im Xsd Ahkm\ Imev Atlw {ianXv
AXpsImmbncpp. sFkvbn\nsd {iaw Cpw imkv
{XPvR XpSpsImncnpp. temIn hnhn[ {]tZi
fnse et_mddnIfn Ccw Hcp GIoIrX kq knm
(grand unified theory)ahXcnnm thn imkv{XPvRm
an\spsImncnbmWv. {_n\nse {]KXv` DuPX{
{]Xn`bmb kvo^ tlmnwKv Xsd "Imensd eLp
31
Ncn{Xw, _nKv_mwKv apX mv lm hsc' (A brief history

of time from Big bang to Black holes) F {K\vYn Cu
\qm hkm\npXn\p apv Ccw Hcp GIoIrX almkn
mnsd AhXcWapmIpsav {]Xymi {]ISnnnp
v ({]-kX
v- p-X- {]-Xym-i- C-cp-]
- n-sbm-mw- k-l{- km-_Zv-
- nsdXp-S--n-epw- ]q-o-I-cn--s-Sm-sX- Xp-S-cp-I-bm-Wv)-. Acw
Hcp knmw DmbmXs, AXnt\mS\p_\v[n ]pXnb
{]iv\fpw {]tlfnIIfpw AXnt\msSmwXs cq]saSpp
saXn kwiban. imkv{Xnsd Ctmfap Ncn{Xw
hyIvXampXv AXmWv. djy imkv{XPvR\mb hn.sF.
dnZv\nnsd hcnI ChnsS {]kIvXamWv. "Fmw AdnpI
gnbpIbpw imkv{Xn\v IqSpXemsbmpw sNm \nmXncnp
Ibpw sNp Hcp Imew Hcnepw DmhpIbn.'
Hcp "knmw' imkv{XtemIw AwKoIcntXn\v th
\n_\v[\IsfsmsbmWv? {]m-]n-I-kXy a\nem
pXn\v at\m\njvTambn am-{Xw- Nnnm aXnsb Hcp
[mcW appapX \ne\npt]mcppv. Utam{Inknsd
"]camWp Zi\w' at\m\njvTamb At\zjWnsd am{Xw
êamWv . ]coW \ncoWsfmpw \Snbn
Utam{Inkv Xsd hmZw kvYm]npXv. {]XypX, tIhe
bpIvXnbpsS klmbmemWv. Ccw NnI icnbmbn
cnmw; sXmbncnmw. ]t, cmsWnepw AXv kzoIcn
m imkv{XtemIn\v _m[yXbn. Utam{Inknsd
"]camWpZi\'n bmYmYynsd Awifpmbn
cppshXv Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. ]t, AXn\v imkv{XtemI
v henb {]kIvXnsbmpan. ]coW \ncoWfmWv
imkv{Xnsd amKw (method). Cu amKn\nv hyXnN
enp tIhe bpIvXnv imkv{Xn henb kvYm\ansYw. k kn.hn. cma FgpXpXv t\mpI. "hkvXpfneq
sS sXfnbnsSm Hcmibn\pw imkv{Xn {]m[m\y
an. AXmbXv sskmnIhpw ]coW]chpamb ASn
dbp- Ip]nSn am{XamWv AwKoIcnsSpIsb
Yw.'* tIhe bpIvXnbp]tbmKnv Zmi\nI sa\sSp
* hn-Pv-Rm-\ ssIcfn-: s^{_p-hcn- 1989.-
32
p Bib, AsX{XXs kXyk\v[ambncpmepw,

]coWfneqsS sXfnbnsSmnStmfw imkv{Xtem
Iv AXn\v {]kIvXnsbmpan.
]coWfneqsS sXfnbnsSm Imcy hkvXpX
Ifmbn AwKoIcnm ]ns Bibw, enJnX tcJI
{]Imcw, {]mtbmKnIambn DZvLmS\w sNbvXXv Keoentbm
BWv. Cenbnse ]nkm tKm]pcn\v apIfn\nv hyXykvX
`mcfp Htc KWnep hkvXp \netnv cpw
Htc kabw \nespsav ImWnpsImSppsImmWv
Keoentbm AXv sNbvXXv. hyXykvX `mcfp hkvXp
\netnm `mcw IqSpXep hkvXp BZyw \nesp
sambncpp cmbncw hjtmfw tNmZyw sNsSmXn
cp Acnkvtmnensd knmw. ]coWfmWv ùXnI
bmYmYysf a\nemm\pXIp amKsav {]tbmK
hXvIcnv {]Jym]n KeoentbmsbbmWv tPmk^v t{_mtWm
hvkvIn Xsd "am\hmtcmlWw'* F {K\vYn imkv{Xob
At\zjW k{Zmbnsd ]nXmshv hntijnnnpXv.
]coWfneqsS sXfnbn-s Imcy am{Xta "imkv{X'
sa XehmNIn\v Iosg hcm ]mSpq F s]mXpXzw
am\nmsX k]fpw A\pam\fpsamw imkv{Xn
sd t]cn {]Ncnnp "_lpP\ imkv{X{]kvYm\'m
sNpXv imkv{XtmSp A\oXnbmsWv am{Xw ChnsS
kqNnnpIbmWv.
ChnsS FSpp]dtb asmcp Imcyapv. ]coWfn
eqsSbmWv Hcp imkv{X knmnsd icnbpw sXpw Xocp
am\npsXnepw knm cq]hXvIcWn imkv{XPvR
sd _pnpw NnmiIvXnpap {]m[m\yw Hcnepw
\ntj[npIqSm. ]coWmXvaI k{Zmbn\v AanX {]m[m
\yw \Insmv 1620 {]knoIcns {^mknkv
t_sd "t\hw HmKm\w' F {K\vYnsd BKa\
tmsS imkv{XtemIv imkv{Xob KthjW shdpw
bm{nIamb Hcp {]{InbbmsW sXmb Hcp [mcW hfp
hcnIbpmbn. Hcp {]iv\n\v ]cnlmcamIm _\v[s
* The Ascend of Man. Page: 202
33
Fm hkvXpXIfpw tiJcnv hKoIcnm am{Xw aXnsb

hnizmkw hfnb {]kvXpX {K\vYw imkv{XPvRsd ùXn
Iamb IgnhpIsf Xosc sImmn ImWnpIbmWv sNp
Xv. imkv{XPvRsd kKmXvaI kw`mh\Isf Xosc ]cnKWn
msX Ahs\ shdpsamcp IymadbpsS ]X\ntev Cdn
sh [mcWv Ipsdmew imkv{XtemIv {]XnjvT t\Snsb
Spm IgnpshXv Hcp hkvXpXbmWv.
GItZiw CtX coXnXsbmWv amIvknkhpw kzoIcn
ncnpXv. Bib; {]XypX ]ZmYn\mWv {]mY
anIXsbmWtm amIvknb ùXnIhmZnsd ASnkv
Ym\ hmIyw. "{]IrXnbmWv, ùXnI ]ZmYfmWv BZyapm
bXv. hnImc hnNmcfpw Ahv Pw \Ip BXvaob iIv
XnIfpsamw Cu ùXnI ]ZmYfpsS krjvSnbmWv.'* D]m
Zt\m]IcWfpw D]t`mK\nbafpamWv Ncn{Xnse
atsXmcp hkv X psfbpsat]mse imkv { Xsbpw
\nb{npsXmWv amIvknkvv aXw. tIm\nkpw
\yqWpw sFkvbn\psamw kaImeo\ kmnI kwhn
[m\nsd- A\nhmcyXI am{XamsWmWv amIvknb
ImgvNmSv. imkv{XPvRmcpsS kKssh`hnt\m AhcpsS
ùXnI IgnhpItm bmsXmcp hnebpw I]nm kao
]\ coXnbmWnXv. Htc kmnI {Iaw \ne\nncp kaql
fn FpsImv Hne[nIw "sFkvbnam' PsaSp
n F tNmZyw _qjzm ]nncn\msW sdUnsabvUv
Dcn\p ]nn A`bw tXSpIbmWv amIvknkvp _pn
PohnI.
bYmYn imkv{XPvR sXcsSpp GsXnep
samcp {]iv\nsd ]cnlmcambn Ahsd a\n DSseSp
p BibfmWv knmfmbn cq]w sImpXv. {]iv
\]cnlmcn\pthnbp Bibpw BImwbpamWv
knmn\v ASnd]WnbpXv. ]coWptijta
knmw icntbm sXtm Fv Xocpam\nIsSpIbpqsh
nepw knmnsd ASnkvYm\w imkv{XPvRsd a\n
cq]w sImp BibwXsbmWv . kaqlnsd
* tUm.- Fw.-]n.- ]ctaiz-c-: am-Iv-kn-kw- Hcp- ]m-T]p-kv-XIw- t]: 115.-
34
kmnI {IaoIcWfpambn ]etmgpw bmsXmcp _\v[

hpw {]ISnnm Cu Bibw AhtdXp am{XamWv. t{_m
tWmhvkvIn FgpXpp: "{]iv\]cnlmcn\pthn th]Yp
sImp imkv{XPvRsd a\n BIkva-nIambn Dcp
ncnbp DulmXvaIamb Hcp k]amWv imkv{Xob Ip
]nSnn\v auenI tlXphmbn `hnpXv. Bhiyamb hkv
XpXIfpw XXzfpw a\n hopw hopw Ipgp adns
SpXn\nsS A{]XonXambnmsWnepw `mKym XntcIm
emsWhw IssSp Hcp sFIyZi\amWnXv. CXv
]etmgpw `mh\bpsS Hcp IpXnnsd êambncnpw.'
imkv{X knmnsd cq]hXvIcWn ùXnI kmlN
cysfmf[nIw kzm[o\w sNeppXv imkv{XPvRsd
a\n Dcpncnbp BibfmsWmWv CXv hyIvX
ampXv.
35
imkv{X knm
khIme kXytfm?
{]
iv\ ]cnlmcn\pthn At\zjnpsImncnp

imkv{XPvRsd a\n BIkvanIambpmhp Bib
fmWv ]coWptijw knmambn ]cnWanp
sXv \mw a\nemn. DghpNmen\nv AaqeycXv\w
IspXnt\mSmWv imkv{Xob Ip]nSnsf kn.hn.
cma D]anncnpXv. {]iv\nsd ]cnlmcambn Xsd
a\n Hcmibw cq]w sImptm Ahpmhp A\p
`qXn F{Xbmbncppsav \apv DulnpI h. B
A\p`qXn AhtdXp am{XamWv. Ah\p am{XapXmWv. Adn
hn\pthn Hcm \Sp At\zjWn\v e`np Ghpw
henb {]Xn-êamWv Ip]nSn \Sp \nan jn
Ahpmhp A\p`qXn. Xm At\zjnpsImn cp
{]iv\n\v ]cnlmcw Isnbtm Ipfnsmn bn\nv
\Kv\\mbn "bqtdm... bqtdm' Fv Bphn fnpsImv
CdntbmSnb BnanUoknsd hnImcmthiw \aps
imkv{X knm khIme kXytfm?
36
s\ IWmm Ignbpw? "B Hcp \nanjnsd ktm

jhpw hnImtcmtP\hpw hnhcWmXoXamWv'* FmWv
{]kv X pX \nanjspdnv t\m_km\ tPXmhmb
`mcXob kn.hn. cma FgpXpXv. imkv{XPvRsd a\n
Ah Isp ImcyfpsS t]cn A\p`qXnbpmhp
tmXs kaqln ]etmgpw AXnt\mSv AhPvRbm
bncnpw DmhpI. kXymt\zjnIfmb imkv{XPvRmcn
]epw kaqlnsd iIvXamb FXnpI t\cntSn
hnpv. FpXs Bbncpmepw imkv{XPvRsd a\n
cq]saSpp BibfmWv, kaqlnsd kmnI
{IaoIcWf imkv{X Ip]nSnv \nZm\w. imkv{X
PvRs\ "tamm \np \mbbpsS Xebn hoW shdp
samcp tX'bmbn am{Xw ]cnKWnp amIvknb kao]\
coXn icnbsYw.
hnNn\n\pw ]coWn\pw imkv{X knmn
sd cq]oIcWn Xpeyamb ]pv. {]iv\]cnlmcn\v
thn hnNn\w \Snsmncnp imkv{XPvRsd
a\n BIkvanIambpmIp Bibw imkv{XtemIv
A\pam\fmbn (hypothesis) \nenpp. A\pam\ icn
bmsWn Dmtbmhp {]`mh {]hNnpIIqSn
sNtXv imkv{XPvRsd ISabmbnmWv IWmsSp
Xv. Cu {]hN\ icnbmsWv ]coW \ncoW
fneqsS sXfnbnsSptXmsSbmWv A\pam\w knm
ambn (theory) amdpXv. sFkvbnsd s]mXp Bt]nIXm
knmw icnbmsWn _lncmImip\nv hcp civan
I kqcysd ASppIqSn ]mbptm hnpt]mse hfbpsa
v Atlw {]hNnncpp. 1919 a[ym{^nbnepw {_koen
epw ]qW kqcy{KlW kabv Cmcyw \nconv icnbm
sWv t_m[ystXmsSbmWv s]mXp Bt]nIXm knm
n\v kmh{XnImwKoImcw e`nXv.
CXphsc ]dXn\nv Hcp knmnsd cq]hXvI
cWn\v hyXykvXfmb L Ignpt]mthXp
* hn-Pv-Rm-\ ssIcfn-: s^{_p-hcn- 1989.-
37
sv \mw a\nempp. ùXnI imkv{X taJebnse

knm cq]hXvIcWn\v imkv{XPvRm s]mXpth kzoI
cnphcp Hcp \S]Sn{Iaapv. hniz{]kn im-k{v- X- Zmi\nI
\mb Im t]m Xsd "imkv{Xob Ip]nSnnsd
bpIvXn' (Karl Popper: The Logic for Scientific Discovery) F
]pkvXIn imkv{XPvR ]menpsImncnp, ]men
t \S]Sn{Iaspdnv hyIvXamppv. 1959 {]kn
oIcns {]kvXpX {K\vYn Atlw kqNnnp
\S]Sn{Ias Cs\ t{ImUoIcnmw.
1. ]cnlmcamhiyap {]iv\ns-d- Is.
2. {]kIvXamb hkvXpfpw hkvXpXIfpw tiJcnpIbpw
hKoIcnpI-b-pw ]TnpIbpw sN.
3. ]cnlmcamtbmhp A\pam\m[njvTnXamb knmw
(hypothesis) BhnjvIcn.
4. {]kvXpX knmnsd {]`mhfpsS {]hN\hpw
]coWhpw.
5. ]coW ê {]hN\sf kvYncoIcnpp
shn knmw kzoIcnsSpIbpw Asn XnckvIcn
sSpIbpw sNpp.
{]hN\ IqSn kvYncoIcns tijw am{XamWv
knmv imkv{XtemIv kzoImcyX e`npXv.
Fm, Cv imkv{XPvRmcpsS A\pam\ t]mepw
imkv{Xnsd t]cn {]NcnnsSppshXv Hcp bmYm
YyamWv. XnjvSanm ImcyfpsS \ntj[n\p
thn A\pam\ ]Spmn AXv imkv{Xnsd
t]cn {]Ncnnp hncpXmcpv . imkv { XtemIv ,
A\pam\fpsS ASnkvYm\n "C\nsbmcp {kjvSmhn\v
{]kIv X nbns'v {]Jym]np imkv { X kwLS\I
aebmfcbnXs Pohnpp. KpcpXzmIjWn\p
]nn alm\mb Hcp tXPkznbpsS IchncpXpI Zin
\yqs\ "KpcpXzmIjW knmneqsS {]]w \ne\n
m C\nsbmcp ssZhnsd Bhiyans'v sXfnbn
38
alm\mb Hcp "hnh t\Xmhm'bn AhXcnnv XfpsS X\n

\ndw hyIvXamnbhcmWv tIcf-nse "P\Iobimkv{X'
{]kvYm\m. Ah cpsS imkv{X hniZoIcWnsd tImew
Im BsImsS imkv{Xn\p GI eyw Cu {]]
ns\mcp {kjvSmhnsv kvYm]npI am{XamsWv tXmn
tmIpw.
B\pjwKnIambn ChnsS kqNnnt asmcp Imcyapv.
Hcp hnjbn Hcp imkv{XPvR ]d Imcy apgph
icnbmsWn Abm ]dbp kIe Imcyfpw icnbmbn
cnpsasmcp [mcWbpv. CXv ASnkvYm\]cambn sXmWv.
Hcm BZyw ]d Imcy apgph Hccw hnSmsX
icnbmsWnXs cmaXp ]d Imcyw icnbmbncn
WsaXn\v "BZys icn' sXfnhmm ]pIbnsXv
Ximkv{Xnsd DucmpSppIfnmsXXs a\nem
mhp efnXamsbmcp hkvXpXbmWv. ]t, imkv{XcwKv
P\w Fs\tbm Acsamcp [mcW shp]peppv.
Cu [mcWniImWv XfpsS {]Xybimkv{Xn\\pIqeam
bn imkv{Xs hfsmSnph apXseSpm\p]tbmKnp
Xv.
Ccsamcp [mcWbpsS êambn imkv{Xn\v ]e tIm
fpapmbnpv. ]e sXmb hnizmkfpw, AXv ]dbpXv
AdnbsSp imkv{XPvR\mbntmbn F ImcmWm
imkv { XtemIv {]amZapIv X ambn IcpXntmnpv .
DZmlcWn\v {]Iminsd LS\sbpdn \yqtmWn
b k]w ]cntim[npI. {]Imiw t\tcJbn kcn
p IWnIIfmsWmWv \yq k]nXv. imkv{X
PvRmcmb sslPkpw lppw CXns\ FXnpIbpw
{]Imiw XcwKamsWv hmZnpIbpw sNbv X pshnepw
imkv{XtemIpmbncp \yqsd hyIvXn {]`mhn\p
apn AhcpsS knm apJhnesSpsn.
Fm {]Imispdn B[p\nI k]amb BeIvXnI
ImnI XcwK(electro magnetic wave)sa Bibhpambn
IqSpX- A-Spw {]ISnnpXv sslPknsd XcwK
39
knmamWv; \yqsd IWnIm knma. ]t, cp

\qmp Imew \yqsd IWnIm knmw, AXp \yq
]dpsh ImcWm am{Xw imkv{XtemIv tNmZyw
sNsSmsX \ne\np.
Im t]m hnhcn Ap L IgnXn\ptijw
Xs Hcp imkv{X knmhpw ]qWambn kXyamsWv
[cnm hs- mWv imkv { XZmi\nIcpsS A`n{]mbw.
]coWfneqsS sXfnbns knm t]mepw
A\yq-\amsWv ]dbpI h. s{]m^. hn.]n. thep FgpXpp:"]coWfneqsS sXfnbnsSp knm t]mepw
BXynI bmYmYys kw_\v[nnStmfw Ahkm\
hmmbn imkv{XPvRm IWmpn' (im-kv{- X-KXn:- amv- 1989).- ]coWfneqsS sXfnbns knm
Xs sXm\p hyXykvXfmb km[yXI NqnmWn
ppv imkv{XZmi\nIm. {]hN\sf kvYncoIcnm
thn \Sp- ]coWfnepmhp kvJenXamhmw
AXn\v ImcWw. AXsn ]coWw \Sm\p]tbmKn
p D]IcWfpsS \yq\Xbmhmw. AXpasn
]coWfn\npw e`np ^
-- en\nv imkv{XPvR
a\nemp Imcyfn hcp sXmbncnmw. Fmbn
cpmepw sXfnbnssXv IcpXp knmXs
sXm\p km[yXsb \ntj[nm imkv{XZi\sp
dndnbphscmpwXs sa\sSpsav tXmpn.
1929 {_nojv tPymXn imkv{XPvR\mb FUvhn ]n.- l_v
{]]w hnIknppsh \nKa\nsen. KmeIvkn
Ifn\np {]ImiXcwKfpsS ssZLyw h[npsImn
cnpXnsd êambn A\p`hsSp AcpW{`wi (red shift)
amWv KmeIv k nI AIp\onsmncnppsh
\nKa\nsem l_vfns\ t{]cnnXv. Cu AcpW{`wiw
bmYmYywXsbmsWv l_vfn\ptijhpw ]e ]coW
fneqsSbpw kvYncoIcnsSpIbpmbn. {]]-w hnIknp
sImncnppsh k]ntemWv B[p\nI {]]
amXrI \nansncnpXv. Cu AcpW{`win\p ImcWw
40
assnepw hkv X pXIfmsWv Ip]nSnsm

{]]w hnIknppsh l_vfnb knmw tNmZyw
sNsSpw. CXn\p km[yX amIvknkvv Zmi\nI\mb
Un.Un. sImkmw_n NqnmWnppv. "hnIkzc {]]
n\p Hcp ZrjvSmsaXn\p]Icw hfsc t\cnb ]ZmY
fneqsS {]Imiw tImkvanIv ({]]koaI hsc) Zqcn
kcnptmgpmIp AhtimjWamWv AcpW{`win
\p ImcWsav Hcp \m Ip]nSntpw. KWnX]cambpw
]coW]cambpw sXfnbnmnStmfw Ccw Dulmt]m
l AYiq\yfmWv'* (amIvknb hoWneqsS
{]]s t\mnmWp sImkmw_n {]] hnImk
knmw sXm\p km[yX NqnmWnpXv kvYnck
vYnXn knms (Steady state theory) ]npWm thnbm
bncnmsanepw Hcp imkv{X knmsa \nev {]]
hnImkw tNmZyw sNsSm\p km[yX Bpw \ntj[n
m Ignbn)
]coWfneqsS sXfnbnsSp imkv{X knmw
Xs Nnetm ]coWn\p hnt[bamb Npp]mSpIfn
am{Xw {]mtbmKnIambpw ap ]cnXkvYnXnIfn A{]mtbmKnI
ambpw hcm\p km[yXbpw \ntj[nm Ignbn. \yqsd
Ne\ \nba (Newtons laws of motion)-- km[mcW {]thKn
{]mtbmKnIamsWnepw {]ImitmSSp {]thKn
A{]mtbmKnIamsWmWv sFkv bn Bt]nI
knmneqsS sXfnbnXv. \yq Xsd \nba
]coWfneqsS sXfnbnncppshnepw ]noSv
imkv{Xn\v- A-Xp XncpnsbgptXnhp. kucbqYn\
Ip Ip]nSn KpcpXz\nbaw {]]nsd hnZqc`mK
fnsemw Xs {]mtbmKnIamsWp ]dbpI Akm[yam
sWv imkv{XPvR\mb Im ]ntbgvk Xsd "imkv{Xn
sd hymIcWw' (Karl Pearson-Grammer of Science) F {K\vY
n NqnmWnppv.
imkv{XPvR ]dbp Imcysmpw kvYncXbns
* D.D. Kosambi: Science, Society and Peace. Page: 13.
41
tm imkv{Xknmsfmw sXm km[yXbpstm

kvYm]nmthnb C{Xbpw ]dXv. {]XypX imkv{Xkn
m sXm\p km[yX NqnmWnm thn am{X
amWv. AtXkabw, imkv{XhkvXpXIsf \ntj[nm B
pw Ignbn. ]pw_oPhpw AWvUhpw IqSnt knIvXmWv
Uw (zygote) hfmWv IppmhpI FXv Pohimkv{X
nse Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. `qan kqcys\ Npnncnbpp
shXv ùXnI imkv{Xnse Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. ssl{UP
\pw HmIvknP\pamWv Pensd LSIaqeIsfXv ckX
{nse Hcp hkvXpXbmWv. Ccw hkvXpXm]camb ]cma
i Bpw \ntj[npI km[ya. Fm, knm
fpsS kvYnXn AX.- knm {]amZ apIvXfpw kh
Ime kXyfpamsW [mcW icnbsp am{XamWv ChnsS
kqNnnpXv.
imkv{X kwLS\ItfmSv: \ncoW ]coWfneqsS
sXfnbns ImcyXs XncpnsbgpXm\p km[y
Xsb imkv{X Zmi\nIm NqnmWnptm shdpw
A\pam\ (hypothesis) imkv{Xnsd te_en AhXcn
npsImv \Sp "imkv{X {]NcW' Aimkv{Xo
bamWv.
aXkwLS\ItfmSv: imkv{Xnsdbpw imkv{XPvRsd
bpw A\pam\smnv thZ kqIvX hymJym\nsmn
m thn Cv Nne \Sp "tamtU CIznknj'
hyYhpw AXp aXt-mSp sNp Ghpw henb A\oXnbp
amWv.
42
imkv{Xnsd
]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpw
sImfw_kn\p apv kvs]bn cmPIpSpw_nsd kvYm\
Nnlv\w, slpenb kvXw`fpw AhbvnSbn Ipdnnn
cp "Ne Plus Ultra' F hmIyhpambncppht{X. "C\nbtmv
Hpan' FYw hcp "Ne Plus Ultra' sImv, kvs]bn\n\p
dw temIan Fpw kvs]bn\mWv temInsd AXnnsb
pamWv kqNnnncpXv. sImfw_knsd bm{XtbmSpIqSn
kv]m\njv cmPIpSpw_w NphSpampIbpw Cu hmIyn\nv
"Ne' \ow sNbvXv "Plus Ultra' Fmn ampIbpw sNbvXp.
"aptmv C\nbpw IqSpXepv' FYw. CXp IYbmWv. IY
sbmbncpmepw "Plus Ultra' FXv ]Xn\mdv ]Xnt\gv \qm
pIfnse imkv{XPvRmcpsS thZhmIyambn \nesImnp
v. {^mknkv t_Wnsd "almb ]p\cpXvYm\w' (The
Great Instauration) F {K\vYnsd ]pdwNbn, {]knam
b slpenb Nnlv\fpsS Xmsg Cs\ Ipdnncnpp.
"]ecpw hcnIbpw t]mhpIbpwsNpw. hnPvRm\amIs h[n
43
pw'. t_Wnsd kaImenIcmb imkv{XPvRmcpsS

Bthifmbncpp Plus Ultrabpw CXpw.
]pXnb ]pXnb KthjWfneqsS imkv{Xw ]eX-pw Is
nsmncnpp. Cse kz]v\fmbncp ]eXpw Cv
kmmXvIcnspsImncnpp. imkv{Xn\v AXnsd
taJebn ]cn[nIfnsv imkv{XPvRm hnizknncpp.
Hmtcm Imepw AXnSnt]np ]cn[nI B Ime
p hnPvRm\nsd ]cnanXnsbbmWv AXmsX imkv
{Xn\v Fmepap ]cn[nIsfb kqNnnpsXv
hnizknpt]mncpp. AXn\p sXfnhmbn Dcnsncp Xv
sImfw_kn\p app kvs]bnImcpsS Nnbmbncpp.
kvs]bn\n\pdw temIansp IcpXnbh, sImfw _knsd
Ibm{XIptijw NphSpamtnhXpt]mse imkv{X
n\p ]cn[nIfpsp IWmph ]pXnb Ip]nSn
fpsS ASnkv Y m\n ]gb]cn[nIsf Xn
dtbnhcpsapw hmZnsncpp. Fm, Cv imkv{X
n\v AXnsd taJebnXs ]cn[nIfpsv kXn
m Zm-i-\n-I-m- k---am-bn-cn-p-p.- ]p-Xn-b- K-th-j-W- imkv{Xnsd "]cn[nbnmbva'bnte, {]XypX "]cn
anXn'IfntemWv shfnw hoipsXv Cv ]ecpw A`n
{]mbsSm XpSnbncnpp.
{]iv\fpsS ]cnlmcn\mbn a\pjy_pnbn DZnpb
cp BibfmWv A\pam\fpw knmfpw Ip]nSn
fpsamambn ]cnWanpsXv \apdnbmw. ]t{n
bfneqsSbmWv \mw Adnhv kmZnpXv. Cu C{nb
v ]cn[nItfm ]cnanXnItfm Dtm? a\pjyNnv ]cn[nI
tfm ]cnanXnItfm Dtm? ]t{nbv ]cnanXnIfps
n _pnpw ]cnanXnIfpmtb aXnbmhq. _pnpw Nn
pw ]cnanXnIfpsn imkv{Xn\pw ]cnanXnIfpm
bncnpw. Atm imkv{Xnsd ]cnanXnIsfpdn N
]t{nbfpsS ]cnanXnsbw_\v[n Nbn\nmWv
XpStXv.
]t{nbv ]cnanXnIfptm?
imkv{Xnsd ]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpw
44
Csv Ahsbw_\v[nv Adnhphscmpw Cv ]dbp

n. IpsImv ImWm ]msmcp temIanspw ImXp
sImp tIm ]msmcp i_vZanspw aqp sImv
aWm ]m Hcp K\v[anspw \mpsImv cpNnm
]m Hcp kzmZnspw XzpsImv A\p`hnm ]m
Hcp kv]im\p`hanspsamw Cse hmZnncpp. CXv
amdn. Ahbhsfpdndntm Ahbvp ]cnanXnIfps
v a\pjy a\nemn. C\nbpw ]eXpw Adnbm\ncnpp.
380 apX 780 hsc annssat{Im XcwK ssZLyap
{]Imiw am{Xta a\pjyZrjvSnp tKmNcamhpIbpqshv
]dbptm AXn\pappw ]npw XcwKssZLyfp
{]Imiansmcpw AYampn. Cv \apdnbmw, ZrjvSn
tKmNcamb {]Imiw 104 MHz\pw 109 MHz\pw CSbn
Bhrn(frequency)bph am{XamsWv. kqcy{]Iminse
hbep apX Nphphscbp {]ImicivanIsfbmWtm
\apv ImWm IgnbpXv. kqcy{]IminXsbp hb
en\pdhpw ( ultra violet ) Nphn\npdhp( infra red )ap
{]ImiXcwKsf a\pjyZrjvSnp ImWpI km[ya. 1020
MHz Bhr-nbp FIvkvtdbpw 1025 MHz Bhr-nbp
tImkv a nv tdUntbj\pw ImWm \psS IpIv
Ignhn. ]t, AhbpsS AkvXnXzw ]coW \ncoW
fneqsS sXfnbnspIgnXmWv. ]coWfneqsS
Ism t]mepw Ignbm cq]nep {]Imiw Dm
Im\p km[yX \ntj[nm Ignbn. a\pjyt\{X p
]cn[nIfpsn a\pjy \Sp ]coWpw
]cn[nIfpmhpI km[yamWtm.
Ccp]Xv apX Ccp]Xn\mbncw hsc Bhrnbp i_vZ
amWv \apv tIm IgnbpXv. \psS {ihtW{nb
v ]nSnsSpm Ignbm i_vZhoNnIfmWv "A{Smku
v' FdnbsSpXv. \apv tIm Ignbm i_vZho
NnI ]nSnsSpm Nne PohnIv Ignhpv. DZmlcWw
hm. \psS {ihtW{nbv A{]m]yamb "A{Sm
tkmWnIv' i_vZw Cv hymhkmbnIhpw NnInkmkw_
45
\v[hpamb Bhiyv thn D]tbmKnphcpp. A{Sm

kuv ]nSnsSpm\pw kwt{]jWw sNm\pap hnZy Cp
\apdnbmw. \apv ]nSnsSpm km[nm i_vZhoNn
I Csv Ctm \ap\pam\npI h.
kzmZnsdbpw K\v[nsdbpsamw AhkvYbpw CXp
Xs. "Pen\v kzmZn' Fv \mw ]dbptm AXp sIm
YampXv Pensd kzmZv A\p`hnm\p ckapIp
f \psS \mhpIfnensv am{XamWv. ap kzmZp
hkvXpsftmseXs Pen\v AXntdXmb Hcp "kzmZv'
DmbncnWw. ]t, FpsImtm \apv AXdnbm
Ignbpn. "B ]qhn\v aWan' Fp ]dbptmgpw AhkvY
CXpXsbmWv. AXn\Yw, {]kvXpX ]pjv]nsd hmk\
a\nemm\p Ignhv \psS \mkmc\v{[n Fp
am{XamWv. asm ]qsfbpw t]mse B ]qhn\pw aWapm
bncnWw. ]t, AXdnbphm \apv Ignbpnsv am{Xw.
sFkvbnsd Bt]nIXm knmtmS\p_\v[nv
Nne Zmi\nImcpbn hfsc ckIcamb "C{nbfpsS
Bt]nIX' Fsmcp Bibapv. HmtcmcpcpsSbpw C{n
bPvRm\w Hmtcm hn[nembnqtS FmWv Zmi\nIm
cpsS tNmZyw. HcmfpsS C{nbPvRm\w ]cntim[nm at
Bp Ignbntm. DZmlcWn\v K\v[nsd ImcysaSp
pI. ]qhn\nv aWw ]pdsSphnp cmk]ZmY
hmbphneqsS kcnv \psS \mkmc\v{[fnsepp.
AXn\Ip "K\v[{Kmln' Xetmdntev kwthK
(impulses) Abpp. AXp Xetmdnseptm \mw B
hmk\ Xncndnbpp. ChnsS Zmi\nIm tNmZnpp:
FpsImmWv Htc ]qhnsd hmk\Xs Nnev {]nb
sXpw apNnev CjvSanmXpambn amdpXv? Hmtcm
cpcpsSbpw Xetmdv Htc cmk]ZmYss hyXykvX
cq]nemWv A\p`hnpsXmWv CXn\nv a\nem
tXv. Atm C{nbPvRm\w Bt]nIamWv. Fsd
C{nb sImv Rm ]cntim[nptm ImWp, A\p
`hnp cq]nembnsmWsan \n AtX hkvXp
46
]cntim[nptm ImWpXv;- Asn A\p`hnpXv.

sNdpw apXte Hcp km[\spdnv \mw shp]pep
s]mXphmb Bibw AXns\pdnp \mw ]dpsImncnp
pshp am{Xw. Hcp tdmkmq Rm aWptm A\p`hn
p AtX A\p`qXnXs BbnsmWsan \n
hmk\nptm InpXv. ]t, "tdmkmqhnsd kpK\v[w'
Fsmcp Bibw sNdpw apX Xs \mw shp]pep
Xn\m \sfmhcpw- Xs tdmkmq aWqtm AXn
sd kpK\v[spdnv ]dbpp, AXv hyXykvX cq]nem
Wv \mw A\p`hnpsXnepw.
Ipdp Ipgw ]nSn {]iv\amWnXv. HmaXmbn ]conp
t\mm km[ya FXpXs. IpdpIqSn hyIvXammw.
Insd ImcysaSppI. \mw \nd XncndnbpsXs\
bmWv? Hcp \ndn\npw hcp {]tXyI XcwKssZLy
ap {]Imiw In\Is sekneqsS ISpsNv tIm
Wnbbn XeIogmb {]Xn_nw_apmpp. CXv t\{X\m
UnI Xetmdnsenpp. Xetmdv AXns\ Xncndn
bpp. Rm Hcp {]tXyI \ndw ImWptm Fsd Xetmdn
epmhp A\p`qXnXsbmWv \nfpsS Xetmdnepap-m
hpsXv Bp ]dbm Ignbpw? DZmlcWn\v Rm
Hcp \ndw ImWpp. AXv NphmsWv Rm Fsd ]nXmhn
\npw amXmhn \npw ]TnXmWv. Rm B \ndw t\mn
CXv Nph-msWv ]dbpp. ]t, Rm ImWp cq]n
XsbmWv \n Nphp\ndw A\p`hnpsXv ]dbm
Ignbptam? Rm ] ImWp coXnbnemcnmw \n Nphp
ImWpXv. ]t, \n sNdpn ]TnXv AXmWv
NphsmWv. AXv \n ]dpsImncnpp. \sf
mhcpw ]dpsImncn pp. ]t{nbPvRm\nsd
apgph AhkvYbpw CXmsWmWv Bt]nIXmknmw
hnhcn Iqn Nne ]WvUnXm ]dnpXv. CXn\
Yw ]t{nbPvRm\w Bt]nIamsW. AXv Bt]n
Iamhm\p km[yX \ntj[nm Ignbnsv am{XamWv.
hnImcfpw Xetmdnepmhp A\p`qXnIfpw \psS
47
]mZmYnIamb ]cntim[\IXoXamWtm. Nne Zmi\nI

mcpsS hnebncp am{XamWnXv.
imkv{Xn\v Dcw \Im Ignbp tNmZypw
]cn[nIfpv. Cu ]cn[nIsfpdnv hniZambns t\m_
km\tPXmhmb k ]o saUh Xsd "imkv{Xn
sd ]cn[nI' (Peter Madawar: The limits of science) F
{K\vYn hnhcnppv. Fmnsdbpw XpSsans\?
PohnXnsd AYsav? \mw Fn\pthnbmWv Pohn
pXv?
Cu tNmZyv Dcw \Iphm kbkn\p km[ya
sv k ]o saUh Xsd ]pkvXIn Nqn mWn
pp. Ccw BXynI tNmZyv Dcw \Im
imkv{Xn\v FpsImv Ignbpn F tNmZyw, sdbn
]mffneqsS am{Xw HmSm cq]I]\ \Snbnp Xohn
I FpsImv ]dpn F tNmZyw t]mse _meniam
sWmWv Atlw FgpXpXv.* AhsbmpwXs imkv{X
n\v Dcw \Im Ignbp tNmZyfsYw. ImcWw
imkv{Xnsd taJe AX. ]coW \ncoWfneqsS
Ism IgnbpX Ccw tNmZyfpsS Dc.
kzbw Xs Xm ssZhhnizmknbsv ]cnNbsSpp
saUh Ccw tNmZyfpsS Dcn\pthn aXsbm
Wv kao]npXv. ]t, Ccw BZymhkm\ tNmZyv
aXw \Ip Dcnepw Nne t]mcmbvaI Zinpp
tlw.
{]]nsd D]n, ]cnWmaw, Pohsd D]n,
]cnWmaw XpSn Cv imkv{XtemIv NI \SpsIm
ncnp ]e hnjbfpw bYmYn imkv{Xn\v JWv
UnXambn Fsnew ]dbm Ignbp {]iv\f. imkv{Xw
F{XXs ]ptcmKanmepw Ccw {]iv\v A`yql
fpw A\pam\fpw am{Xta Dcambn e`nq.
{]]tm]nsbpdnv Hne[nIw A\pam\ Cv
imkv{XtemIw shp]peppv. AXn {][m\shbm
* Peter Madawar: The Limits of Science. Page 29.
48
Wv almhnkvt^mS\ knmhpw (big bang theory) kvYnc

kvYnXn knmhpw (steady state theory). cp knm
pw AhbptSXmb ]cnanXnIfpsnepw imkv{XtemIv
IqSpX AwKoIcnsncnpXv almhnkv t ^mS\
knmamWv. {]]w hnIknppsh A\pam\nemWv
almhnkvt^mS\ knmw ]SppbnbnpXv. {]]
hnImkXzw imkv{XtemIv Fsnepw tNmZyw sN
sm almhnkvt^mS\sa Bibn\v ]ns {]kIvXn
bpmhn. C\n {]]w hnIknppshv \mw k]n
mXs Hcp almhnkvt^mS\w \SXnsd ASnkvYm\
nemWv Cu hnIk\w \SpsXv JWvUnXambn ]dbpI
km[ya. Cu hnImkn\pw hnImkn\m[mcamb DuP
n\pw \nZm\w assnepamIm\p km[yXbpw Xn
fbm\mhn. imkv{Xn\v Cv e`nncnp sXfnhpIfpsS
ASnkvYm\n Hcp almhnkvt-^mS\w \Sncnm\mWv
kmm[yXsbv am{XamWv \apv ]dbm\mhpI. \msf IqSpX
sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\n ]pXnsbmcp knmw AhX
cnnsSmw. AXv imkv{XtemIv IqSpX AwKoIcns
Smw; AXpw sXmw. Npcpn,- {]]nsd D]nsb
kw_\v[nv Fsnepw JWvUnXambn ]dbm imkv{Xn\v
Hcnepw km[ya. A\pam\ shp]pem\msX.
Pohsd D]n, ]cnWmaw Fo {]iv\fpsS AhkvY
bpw apIfn ]dt]mseXsbmWv. Poh Ir{Xnaambn
krjvSnm temIv hnhn[ et_mddnIfn ]coW
\SpsImncnpIbmWv. ]t, Cv Pohs\pdnv imk
v{XtemIv IqSpXemsbmpw AdnbnsXmWv hmkvXhw.
GXm\pw Nne Ip]nSnfpsS ASnkvYm\n Poh
Ir{Xnaambn krjv S nsSpsa anYy- m [mcW ]cp
imkv{X{]NmcI Cu aebmfcbn Pohnncnpp. Ah
\SpXv imkv{X {]NmcWa, {]Xybimkv{X{]NmcWam
Wv. imkv{XsqSn XfpsS {]Xybim kv{Xn\\pIqeam
bn hfsmSnv AhXcnnpXn Chp sshZKv[yw
A]mcwXsbmWv. XnIpw AtNX\amb hkvXpfn\nv
49
ktNX\fmb Poh\p hkvXp krjvSnXn\mWv

lthmhnv sJmcm\v t\m_ km\w e`nsXv* ]
sagpXnshXv imkv{Xnsd ]nWnbmfpIfmb-ncppshv
\mw a\nemWw.
C\n ]coW\mfnbn Poh krjvSnsp FpXs
k]npI. FnXs Poh `qanbn BZyambn D]m
ZnnsXv CtX kmlNcyn CtX cq]nXs
bmsWv Fs\ ]dbm\mhpw? kvmen andpsS ]coWw
t\mpI. 1955 \ocmhnbpw aoss-Y\pw AtamWnbbpw ssl
{UP\pw tN Hcp hmXI an{inXn sshZypXn kv-^penwK
fp]tbmKnpmnb sNdpkvt^mS\n\nv tImi
t{]mo\n ImWp Aant\m BknUv t]mep Nne cmkbu
KnI an \nansSppIbpmbn. ctm aqtm iX
tImSn sImpapv (imkv{XPvRmcpsS A`n{]mb{]Im
cw Pohsd BZnacq]w `qanbn {]XysXv Ambncpp)
Ccnepsmcp ke\w ùamcon Dmbncp
tmsbv \apv ]dbm km[yasv {]KXv`\mb tamdnkv
_pmbv NqnmWnppv.** CtXt]mse ]qWambn
Pohsd {]mYanI cq] krjvSnsm Xs AtX
kmlNcyfnXsbmWv BZyImev Poh\pmbsXv
imkv{Xn\v Fs\bmWv ]dbm\mhpI? ]coW \nco
Wv hyIvXhpw JWvUnXhpamb Dcw \Im km[n
m {]iv\fnsemmWv Pohsd D]n kw_\v[amb
tNmZysfYw.
Poh]cnWmasa Bibnsdbpw AhkvY CXp Xs
bmWv. t^mkn dnmUnsd AXoh Zp_eamb ]n_e
ntemWv ]cnWmaknmw ]SppbnbncnpXv.
Dul am{XamWXnsd ASnd. Ah Hcnepw \nco
W tbmKyf. "Ximkv{X]camb hnPb'amWv ]cnWma
knmn\v imkv{XtemIv {]XnjvT t\SnsmSpXv. B
{]XnjvTv Hcnepw kvYmbo`mhahImi-sSm Ignbn.
* Fw.-]n.- ]ctaiz-c-: sshcp-ym-[n-jv-Tn-X ù-Xn-Ihm-Zw.- t]Pv-: 24.** tamdn-kv- _p-m-bv-: D-]n- im-kv-{Xn-epw- thZfn-epw.- t]Pv-: 27.-
50
Ximkv{X]cambn Hcnepw tNmZyw sNsSmXncp

]eXpw Cv imkv{XtemInse NhdpI am{XamWv. \nco
W tbmKyam Dul am{XamWv ]cnWmasa
Bibn\v ASnd ]WnbpsXv ]cnWma knmn
sd B[p\nI hIvXmfn {]apJ\mb kvo ^sP tKm
Up t]mepw FgpXnbnpv.* krjvSnI Xn ssPhimkv{X
]camb Ipsd kmPmXyfpspw PohPmXnInSbn
Hcp t{iWn \ne\nppshpw t^mkn sXfnhpI hyIv
XamppsXv icnbmWv. ]cnWmaw CXnsd ImcWw
hniZoIcnmthn aptmpshs Hcp Bibw am{Xam
Wv. Cu Bibn\p ]Icw asmcmibw aptmpshsSmw.
AXn\p IqSpX sXfnhpIfpcnsSmw. ]t, PohPme
fpsS D]nv ]nn Hcp {kjvSmhns\ k]np
Hcp knmhpw A\phZnpXcm imkv{XtemInsd Ip
I AhImisSph kamhn. "]cnWmahmZw sXfn
bnstXm sXfnbnsSm km[yXbptXm Bb Hcp
knma. Poh]cnWmasa Bibn\p ]Icwshmhp
ssZhnsd krjvSnsb hnizmkw kzoIcnpXv
imkv{XtemIn\v Nnnphmt]mepw Ignbn FXn\m
]cnWmaw kzoIcnpIbmsX \nhrnbn' F k B
X Ionsd hN\ CtXmSp tNphmbnpI.
Chsbmw XmXznIambn imkv{Xn\v Dcw ]dbm
Ignbm taJebnse {]iv\fmWv. {]]nsd D]
nsbbpw Pothm]n ]cnWmasfbpw kw_\v[nv F{X
Xs knmfpmbmepw Ah Fspw A\pam\
(hypothesis) am{Xambn Ahtijnpw-. ]coWimeIfn
Ah Bhnm IgnbnsXpam{Xa AXn\p ImcWw.
{]XypX, As\ BhnsmXs BZy Imev
Ah \SXv CtX cq]nXsbmbncppshv JWvUn
Xambn ]dbm Bpw km[yasXmWv.
imkv{Xnsd taJebnXs ]pXnb KthjW
\Sptm H\h[n ]cnanXnIfpw ]cn[nIfpapXmbn
* New Scientist: December 1986.
51
imkv{XPvRm a\nemnsmncnpIbmWnv. "t\Sn

sbSpm Ignbp hnPvRm\w apgph\pw imkv{XamKneq
sSXs t\SWw. imkv{Xn\v Ip]nSnm IgnbmXv
am\hcminv a\nemm\pw km[ya'* Fv Cmcpw
]dbpn. imkv{XtemIspdnv IqSpX ]TnpwtXmdpw
AXnsd ]cnanXnI IqSpX hyIvXambnsmncnpIbm
sW bmYmYyw Cv Hcphn[sam NnImcpw kXnp
ImcyamWv.
kvYqe{]]spdnv Nnnpt\mpI. kvYqe {]]
n Cpw Ism Ignbm \{Xfpv. Ah
IqSpX iIvXnbp ZqcZin\nIfpsS Ip]nSntm
SpIqSn \ncoWtbmKyamhpsav \ap\pam\nmw. As\
Ip]nSnm IgnbpXn\v ]cn[nIfptm? DsmWv
imkv{XPvRm ]dbpXv. ZqcZin\nbpsS IgnhptIS Chn
sS hnh. Cv a\pjy\v Nnnmt]mepw Ignbm{Xbpw
iIvXnbp sSekvtImpI Ismw. Av IqSpX
\{Xsfbpw KmeIvknIsfbpwI-pdnv \apv a\nemmw.
]t, {]iv\nsd ASnkvYm\w AX. Cp e`np
sXfnhpIfpsS ASnkvYm\n {]]w hnIknpsImncn
ppshmWv imkv{XPvRmcpsS apgph A`n{]mbw.
Hmtcm KymeIvknbpw _eqWnse IppI t]mse \n
\nv AIpt]mbnsmncnpIbmWv. Hcp KymeIvkn
AIpt]mIpXnsd thKX, B KymeIvknbpsS Zqcn\v
A\p]mXnIamsWmWv l_v \nbaw. V= Hor (Hubbles Law)
VKymeIvknbpsS thKX, Hol_v \nbXmw, rKyme
IvknbpsS Zqcw. (l_v \nbXmw, 20 Intemao/skdv/
Ziew {]Imihjw Fv IWmnbnpv) CXp{]Imcw
1500 tImSn {]Imihjw AIsebp Hcp KymeIv k n,
{]ImitmSSp thKXbn \n\nIp t]mbn
smncnpIbmWv. AXn\m B KymeIv k nbn\nv
]pdsSp {]Imiw Hcnepw \apSpspIbn. F{X
Xs iIvXnbp ZqcZin\nIfpmbmepw ChnsS Fm
* Bertrand Russel: Why I am not a christian?
52
{]Imis \apv ]nSnsSpm Ignbntm. Acsamcp

KymeIvknsbpdnv \apv bmsXmcdnhpw e`npIbn. Zriy
{]]nsd AXncmWnXv. CXn\Iv1500 tImSn {]Imi
hjn\Ip hkvXp am{Xta \mw F{XXs ]ptcm
Kanmepw kmXnIhnZy F{XXs iIvXnambmepw \apv
ImWphm km[yamhq. AXn\m AXn\pdv {]]an
sv ]ZmYansv hmZnm ]ptam? ]t{nbPvRm\
n\v A{]amZnXzw I]nphv As\ hmZntn
hcpw. ]t, CXp kzoIcnm a\n\v A\v[X _m[nm
hsc Inpsav tXmpn.
kqva{]]n\Ipw kvYnXn GXmsmw CtXt]m
seXsbmWv. CeIvt{SmWnsdbpw t{]mtmWnsdbpw ap
auenI IWfpsSbpw temIntev IqSpX IqSpX
ASppwtXmdpw imkv{XPvR\v Acv IqSnhcnIbmWv. CeIv
t{SmWnsd ssZzXkz`mhamWv Hmas {]iv\w. AXnt\m
henb {]iv\w, AXnsd kvYm\hpw amkpw {]thKhpw Htc
kabv IrXyambn IWmm ]pIbnsXmWv. CeIv
t{SmWnsd amkv IWmm thn \ncoI\p]tbmKnp
hkvXp AXnsd {]thKsbpw {]thKw ImWm thn
D]tbmKnp hkvXp AXnsd amkns\bpw KWyambn kzm
[o\npp. CXnsd êambn imkv{XPvRm Fnbnp
Ahkm\ \nKa\anXmWv. "CeIvt{SmWnsd {]thKhpw amkpw
Hmtcmkabv IWmpI km[ya'. CXn\mWv sslk
_Knsd "A\nivNnXXz knmw' (Heisinbourgs uncertainity
principle) Fp ]dbpXv. Cu knm{]Imcw Hcnepw
HcneIvt{SmWns\ ]qWambn a\nemm \apv Ignbn.
\psS \ncoWw CeIvt{SmWnsd kz`mhn hcpp
KWyamb amamWnXn\p ImcWw.
kqva {]]nepw kvYqe{]]nepw \psS Kthj
Wv ]cnanXnIfpsv \mw a\nemn. \apv
Hcnepw a\nemm Ignbm Ipsd Imcy Cu {]]
n\IpXs Dst Ch hyIv X ampXv ?
Fnpw Nne IpaSv FgpXpXv t\mq:
53
"ùXnImXoXamb bmsXmpw bmYmYyaspw bmYm

YyambsXmpw APvtRbaspamWv Ctmfap {]mtbmKn
Im\p`h icnshp ASnkv Y m\]camb imkv { X
kXyw.'* APvtRbamb {]m]nI hkvXpXIt]mepw bmYm
Yyas Cu hn[nsbgpv ssZhhnizmks imkv{Xn
sd shfnn XIpIfbmsa hymtaml tmSpIqSn
bmsWnepw bYmYn Ch sNpXv kzw {]Xybim
kv{Xnsd \nanXnpthn imkv{XhkvXpXIsfs
_enIgnpIbmWv.
imkv { XknmfpsS Imcynepw CtXt]mep
{]Xnk\v[nI \ne\nppv. {]]nsd kqW
hnhcWw eyw shp\op ùXnIimkv{Xw Cu eyw
kmmXvIcnptam F hnjbn ]e {]mamWnI imkv
{XPvRmcpw ktl_pnIfmWv. {]]s Hnp hnhcn
m ]cym]vXamb Hcp knmnsd cq]oIcWn\v
km[npsav {]Xyminphcpv . kqv a {]]s
hniZoIcnm am{Xmknmhpw kvYqe {]]s hniZo
Icnm Bt]nIXm knmhpamWv Cp]tbmKnp
Xv. {]]nsd kqW hnhcWn\v km[np Hcp
knmsa eyw ]qoIcnm km[yasv hnizkn
p imkv{XPvRmcpapv. tP_v t{_mtWmhvkvIn Cc
nep Hcp NnI\mWv. ey]qoIcWn\v km[nm
Xn\v Atlw NqnmWnpXv cp ImcWfmWv.
Hv \psS `mjbpsS t^maenk nsd A]cym]vXXbm
Wv. {]IrXnbpsS ZpmTyw sIm. {]XypX, Cv \map]tbmKn
p `mjbpsS ]cnanXnIfmWv Cu ey]qoIcWn\v
hnLmXambn `hnp Hmas ImcWsamWv t{_mtWm
hvkvInbpsS A`n{]mbw. \psS At\zjWfpw Isep
Ifpw {]tXyI taJeIsfpdnmsWXmWv CXn\p cm
as ImcWsav Atlw ]dbpp. Atlnsd hmZw
Cs\ t{ImUoIcnmw. "{]]nep Fm hkvXpfpw
]ckv]cw _\v[nXamWv. \psS At\zjWfpw Isep
* kn- Ip-cy-: im-kv-{XKXn,- \hw-_- 1989.-
54
Ifpw {]tXyIw {]tXyIw taJeIsfpdnmWv. Cu ImcW

m {]]nsd samnep _\v[w \apv \jvS
sSpp. Xnanw {]]s HmsI Btjnm t]m
cp Hcp knmtam Hne[nIw knmfpsS Hcp hymh
kvYtbm BhnjvIcnpI Akm[yamWv.*
imkv{Xn\v, AXnsd taJeIv, AXn\v t\cnSm
Ignbp tNmZyv Fmw ]cn[nIfpw, ]cnanXnIfpapv.
imkv{Xw ssIImcyw sNp taJebnse ]cnanXnIfmWv \mw
CXphsc a\nemnbXn anhbpw. imkv{Xn\v Hcn
epw Dcw ImWm km[nm B[ymXvanI tNmZysfp
dn CXphsc \mw N sNbvXXv. "FmWv \?' "FmWv
Xn?' "FmWv aqey?' "Fn\v \ sNpIbpw Xn
sNmXncnpIbpw thWw?' "{]]nsd {kjvSmhmcmWv?'
XpSnb tNmZyv imkv{Xn\v Hcnepw Dcw ]dbp
I km[ya. Acw tNmZyv Dcw ]dbpI imkv{X
nsd DchmZnhpa. ]t, Acw tNmZy AY
iq\yfmsWv hmZnm h. BZyImew apXpXs
a\pjy tNmZnpsImncnp tNmZyfmWnh. AXpsIm
pXs Ahsb AhKW-npI h. Acw tNmZyp
Dc \IpnSmWv aXnsd {]kIvXn.
* J. Bronowski: Origins of Knowledge and Imagination P. 80.-
55
ssZhmkvXnXzhpw
ùXnIimkv{Xhpw
hn Nqfw hnfnv HmSnsmncnpIbmWv. hn{In
]nnSn cv DdppI AXns\pdnv KthjWw \Sn
smncnpp.
Hma ]dp: "Cu N{Iw kzbw Xncnp sImncn
pp'.
cma ]dp: "Hcp N{In\v Hcnepw kzbw XncnbpI
km[ya. CXn\p ]nn Hcp \namXmhpw \nbmhpapv.'
KthjWw XpScpIbmbncpp. Ah Isn. N{Iw
XncnbpXv AXnt\mS\p_\v[nv LSnnncnp ]nkvWp
IfpsS aptmpw ]ntmpap Ne\w aqeamsWv.
Hma {]Jym]np: "N{Iw XncnbpXnsd ImcWw Is
nbncnpp. ]nkvWpI apntepw ]nntepw Nen
pXpsImmWv,- Hcp \nbmhnsd {]h\w aqea
ssZhmkvXnXzhpw ùXnIimkv{Xhpw
56
N{Iw XncnbpsXv \mw a\nemngnncn pp. C\n

Hcp \nbmhnsd {]kIvXn Xsbn'.
cma {]XnhNnp: "]nkvWpIfpsS Ne\amWv N{In
sd Idn\v \nZm\saXv icnXs ]t, ]nkvWpIfp
sS A\p{Iaamb Ne\w hyIvXampXv CXn\p ]nn Hcp
\nbmhpspXsbmWv.'
KthjWw ]ptcmKanpsImncpp. ]nkvWpI Nenp
Xv Fn\nse hyXykvX `mKfpsS Iqmb {]h\
aqeamsWh a\nemn. Fn\nse hyXykvX
`mKfpsS {]h\thKXbpw N{Insd Nw{IaW
thKXbpw Xnep _\v[spdnv Ah ]Tnp. As\
N{Insd "Ne\\nba' BhnjvIcnp, Ah.
Hma hmZnp: "N{I Fs\bmWv NenpsXpw
Ah GXpXcw \nbafmWv ]menpsXpw \mw Isn
gnncnpp. C\nbpw CXns\mcp \namXmhpw \nbmhp
apsv ]dbpXv hnUvVnamWv.'
cma {]XnIcnp: "Ne\\nba Bhnjv I cnv
AXn\\pkcnv Cu hn{Is Nennph-s-d- {]kIv
Xn \jvSsSpsXs\? Ne\ \nbafpsS BhnjvImcn
eqsS \mw IsnbncnpXv \nbmhv Fs\bmWv Cu
N{Iw XncnpsImncnpXv Fp am{XamWv.'
KthjWw XzcnXspsImncpp. hn NenpXv
Icn InpInp DuPw sImmsWv a\nemn.
Icnbnse Xmt]mPw Fs\bmWv KXntImPambn
]cnWanpsXv IspIbpw AXn\p kq{XhmIy
amhnjvIcnpIbpw sNbvXp, Ah.
Hma lmjmchw apgn: "hnbpsS Ne\ kw_\v[n
bmbn C\nsbmpw Adnbm _mnbn. Nenm\p
DuPn\p t]mepw \mw hniZoIcWw Isnbncnpp
AXv Fs\ N{Is XncnpsImncnppshv hyIvX
amb kq{XhmIyfneqsS \mw a\nemngnp. C\nsb
n\msWmcp ss{Uh? ss{Uhsd k]nmsX Xs
57
\apv hn{Isf apgph\mbpw a\nemmw. Cu N{I

smcp \namXmhpspw CXv XncnbpXv Hcp \nbmhn
sd \nb{Wn\v hnt[bambnmsWpw C\nbpw hnizkn
pXv hnUv-VnamWv.'
cma hn\bm\znX\mbn samgnp: "hn NenpXv
IcnbpsS Pze\w aqeamsWXv icnXs. ]t, B I
cnsb hnpthn kPvPoIcnncnp,- Xmt]mPs
KXntImPvPamn ]cnhnnpsImncnp,- b{kwhn
[m\v cq]w \Inb hyIvXnsb \apss\ \ntj[n
m Ignbpw? Icnbn\nv e`np KXntImPap]tbm
KsSpn hnsb \nb{np iIvXnsb Xndbm
Fs\bmWv IgnbpI?'
hn \onsmncpp, AXnsd eyntev. hn
{Inse Xw XpScpIbmWv. B Xw XpScpw. hn
\opnStmfw. Hcp \m hn \npw-. Atm ss{Uh
]pdphv samgnbpw: Rm\mbncpp hnsb \nb{nncp
sXv;- Rm\mWXn\v cq]I]\ sNbvXsXv. AXp hsc
Xw XpScpw XpSpsImncnpw.
Cu Xn Bcp Pbnpsav ]dbpI km[ya.
]t, BcpsS ssIbnemWv kXysav ]dbm \apv km[n
pw;- \apv hnsbpdnpw ss{Uhsdpdnpw Fn
kw_\v[npsamw AdnhpXn\m.- ]t, ss{Uhsdpdn
dnbp \psS ham\w tIm Iqmm DdppI
sfpdnsp]dbm? AhbpsS \ntj[w sImv Ah
sNpXv kzbw \mintev NmSpIbmsWv Ahcdnbpn
tm Fv ]cn`hnpI am-{X-ta- \n-hm-l-ap-q-.
kap{Zw Fmepw a\pjys\ AXv`pX ]cX{\mn
bnpv . kap{Zn\Is hkv X pfpw {]Xn`mkfpw
kap{Zn\pds temIhpw a\nemm a\pjy
H\h[n kmlknI IrXy \Snbnpv. thentbhpw
thenbndhpw I a\pjy AXnsd ImcWspdnpw
At\zjnncnWw. AXnsd ImcW tXSn kap{Z-n
\Ipw ]pdpw a\pjy KthjWw \SnbncnWw.
58
BZyImew apXt thentbn\pw thenbndn\pap

aXhnizmknIfpsS hniZoIcWw Cs\bmbncpp:
"{]]w krjvSnv ]cn]menpsImncnp ssZhn
sd {]h\fmWv thentbhpw thenbndhpsamw'.
aX\ntj[nIfpsS \ymbw Cs\bmbncpp:
thentbhpw thenbndhpapmIpXv GsXnepw {]Ir
XymXoX, iIvXnIfpsS {]h\êamb, {]XypX kap{Z
n\Ip \Sp {]Xn`mkfpsS êamWh'.
KthjW, kap{Zn\Ipmhp GsXnepw
{]h\f, {]XypX N{sd BIjWamWv thentb
n\pw thenbndn\pw \nZm\amIpsX \nKa\nse
m\mWv a\pjys\ t{]cnnpXv.
tKmffpsS BIjWnsd \nbaKpcpXzmI
jW \nba\yq BhnjvIcnpIbpwIqSn sNbvX
tm thentbw t]msebp ]e {]Xn`mkpw hniZoI
cWw tXSn Hcp {]IrXymXoX iIvXnbnsetXnsv
sImntLmjnsp. aXhnizmknIv Atmgpw ]dbm\p
mbncpXv C{Xam{Xambncpp.
"BIjWiIvXnbpsS êambnmWv thentbw t]mep
{]Xn`mk {]XyamIpsXXv icnXs. ]t, tKmf
fn BIjWiIvXn knthinsXs\? BIjW
iIvXnbpsS {kjvSmhmcmWv? tKmfsf \ne\nm\mhiy
amb BIjWiIvXn krjvSn \mYsd ssh`hw A]mcwX
sbmWv'.
\yq t]mbn. sFkvbn hp. Atlw BIjW
iIvXnv kvYeIme ss\ccyntdXmb Hcp hymJym\w
\In. kmam\ymt]nIXm knm {]Imcw {Zhynsd
bpw DuPnsdbpw hnXcWamWv kv Y eImefpsS
PymanXn \nWbnpXv. {Zhynsd kbapnSv
kvYeImew h{Iambn `hnpp. Cu h{IX(distortion)bmWv
hkvXpfpsS XzcnXKXnv \nZm\w. \yq Cu XzcnXKXn
hniZoIcnm\mWv KpcpXzmIjWsa k]w AhXcnn
59
Xv. KpcpXzmIjWsav ]dbp _ensd ImcWw IqSn

Isnbtm aX\ntj[nI ljmchw apgn. C\n
sbmcp ssZhn\v {]kIvXnbnsv. ssZhhnizmknIv
hn\btmSpIqSn ]dbm\pXv C{X am{XamWv.
"kvYeIme _\v[ne[njvTnXamb ùXnItemIw krjvSn
almssNX\ynsd iIvXn AXpeywXs. {Zhykbap
nSv kvYeImew h{Iambn `hnWsa \nbaw krjvSn
AP\mb \nbmhnsd \ntj[nte; {]XypX
Ahp apn \{ainckvIcmbn \npXntemWv \s
Cu Ip]nSn \bnpXv.'
sFkvbn FgpXn: "imkv{Xs Kuch_pym A\p[m
h\w sNp GsXmcmpw {]m]nI \nbafn A
eo\amb Hcp alm ssNX\yspdnv t_m[ysSpw.'*
C\nbpw KthjW XpScpw. knm P\npw;acnpw. ssZh\ntj[nsd sXfnhpIpthn Dd
samgnv KthjW \Snsmncnph, Hmtcm
knmfpsSbpw hmen ISnpXqn, ssZhanspw,
ssZhn\v {]kIvXnbnspw "sXfnbnpw'! temIapnS
tmfwa\pjy\pnStmfw Cu Xw \ne\npw. Hcp
\m {]]ns\mcp {kjvSmhps bmYmYyw \mw Fm
a\pjycpadnbpw. Ctm, \mw hn{In XqnnSv
ss{Uhsd \ntj[npIbmWv. Cu temIhpw ]-c-temIhpw
a\nemnb {]hmNImcpsS hN\ {ihnmsX,
ssZhs \ntj[nphm\mWv \psS ]SpdmsSn,
ssZhnsd AkvXnXzw t\cnv a\nemp Av \mw
\jvSw ]nbhcn s]pt]mhpw. \mw icnpw NnnpI.
{]hmNImcpsS hN\ {inv tamw t\SWtam, Ah
\ntj[nv \miw ]pIWtam Fv.
"ssZhw acnp Ignncnpp' \otj ]dp.
"]ZmYw Xcq... AXn\nv {]]w Fs\bpm
bnsbv Rm ]dpXcmw' sIdv {]kvXmhnp.
* Albert Eistein: TIME Magazine 19.2.1979.
60
"Pew, cmk]ZmY, kabw Ch e`nm a\pjysd

krjvSnv \Smw, tl {]Jym]np.
"XzPv R m\n'I Dbnsgptp bpns\mcp
nbpw ssZhns\Xnsc, ]Xns\-v, ]smX-v \qmpI
fn \S imkv{XKthjWfpsSbpw knmfpsSbpw
shfnn "Zmi\nIm'cn Nne \Snb {]kvXmh\
IfmWv apIfn. XzNnImcpsS BXvahnizmkn\v A`n
\\! ]t, C{Xam{Xw ]dbm ChnsS FmWpmb
Xv? ssZhn\v ihpgn tXmm\p Xq ChshnsS
\nmWv InnbXv?
]ptcmlnX aXw, appapXt hnPvRm\nt\mSv shp
]pentmncp \ntj[mXvaI \bn\v Hcp XncnSnsb
tmWamWv imkv{XtemIv ssZh\ntj[ {]hWX Xe
s]mnbXv. imkv{Xns\Xnsc A[nImcnsdbpw ]utcm
lnXynsdbpw "apjvIv' {]tbmKnstm imkv{Xn
sd BfpI aXns\Xnsc Inp hSnIsfmw {]tbmKnm
XpSn. aXnsd ASnkvYm\ hnizmkamb ssZhhnizm
ks knmfpsSbpw ]coWfpsSbpw shfnn
AYiq\ysav sXfnbnm\mbn et_mddnI kPohambn.
]t, ssZh\ntj[n\v sXfnhpI Ism\mbn sSkvv
Syqs_Sphcn ]epw AP\mb {kjvSmhnsd kvXpXn
]mTIcmbn amtdnhp. CXn\v imkv{XNcn{Xn H\h[n
DZmlcWfpv.
1687 aqp hmeyfmbn {]knoIcns k sFkIv
\yqsd "\mpd ^ntemk^nbpsS KWnX imkv{XXz
' (Sir Isac Newton: Philosopha Naturalis Principia Mathematica)
F {K\vYnsd BKa\tmsSbmWv imkv{XtemIv
"{]]s hymJym\nm C\nsbmcp ssZhnsd
Bhiyan' F {]Jym]\hpambn Nne ISphXv .
ssZh\ntj[n\v ImcW tXSnsmncph- v
\yqsd knm Hcmbp[ambn Fp am{Xw. {]kvXpX
]pkvXInsd Hmw `mKn kvYew, Imew XpSnb
k]fpsS \nhN\fpw kmam\y KXnI \nbafpsS
61
BhnjvImchpamWv DsmncnpXv. cmw `mKn

{ZhyfpsS KXnI \nbafpw XcwK Ne\nsd KWnX
imkv{X]T\fpamWv {][m\ambpw {]Xn]mZnncnpXv.
aqmw`mKamWv ]pkvXInsd Ghpw {][m\s `mKw.
AXnemWv "\yqsd Ne\ \nba' (Newton's Laws of Motion) Fv ]nmev Adnbs ù-Xn-I-n-s-d- ASnkv
Ym\ {]amWfmb aqv Ne\ \nba AhXcnnn
cnpXv. _eX{nsd BhiymYw \yq {]tXyIw
Ip]nSn "ImIpekv' F Ie\k{Zmbhpw {]mNo\
PymanXnbpsS {]tXyI hnImk k{Zmbfpw Cu `mKv
hnhcnncnpp. {KlfpsS Ne\n\v B[mcambn `hnp
Xv "{]Xntema ZznLmX \nbaw (inverse square law) BsWv
sXfnhpI klnXw kaYnpIbpw CXnsd ASnkvYm\
n kmheuInI KpcpXzmIjW \nbaw (universal gravitational theory) BhnjvIcnpIbpw sNpIbmWv aqmw `mK
n {][m\ambpw \yq sNpXv. Cu \nbaamWv {]]
nse {]h\v C\nsbmcp ssZhamhiyansv
hmZnm thnbp hSnbmbn "XzPvRm\n'I D]tbmKn
Xv. XnIpw bm{nIsav hntijnnmhp \yqtmWnb
{]] hymJym\n ISnpXqnsmv Ah {]Jym]np:"Hcp b{nteXpt]mse Bhnp hcp {]{InbIfmWv
Cu {]]nse {]h\ apgph\pw. Cu b{nsd
{]h\sfmw AXn\Is hkvXpXIfp]tbmKnp
Xs hniZoIcnmw. b{n\v ]pdp Hcp iIvXnsb
k]nt {]iv\wXsbn'. Fm, \yq FgpXnb
Xv Cs\bmWv. "Cu henb sajo Nennm Bcw`n
DuPw thWw. AXv ssZhnIamhmw. am{Xa, kuchyqln
Isnbnp {IacmlnXy bYmImew ssZhw Xs
XncpnhcnIbmWv.' \yq XpSp. "kqcy\pw N{\pw hm
\{Xfpw ASp Cu AXnkpchyqlw _pnam\pw
iIvX\pamb Hcp tXPkznbpsS AwKb-ambn D`hnXmbn
cnWw'.
ChnsS \mw \tS ]d cpXcw NnIsfbpw ImWpp.
62
Ne\ \nbap ]nn ssZhs Zin \yqWpw Ne\

\nba IsnbXn\m ssZhn\v- C-\-n {]kIvXnbn
sv {]Jym]n \otjbpw XnIpw hncpamb cpXcw Nn
IfpsS {]XoIfmWv.
PvRm\w+hn\bw= ssZhhnizmkw
A]PvRm\w+Al= ssZh\ntj[w
Fp km[mcW ]dbsSmdp kahmIynsd {]k
IvXn \mw ChnsS Zinpp. ssZhhnizmkneqsS hn\bm
\znX\mbno \yqsdbpw ssZh\ntj[neqsS
Almcnbmbn amdnb Pqenbkv lIvkenbpsSbpw ]Z
IqSn A\p_\v [ ambn tNs. Cu kahmIynsd
{]kIvXn Atm \apv IqSpX hyIvXamhpw.
\yq ]dp:"I do not know what I may appear to the world,
but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing onthe seashore and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary whilst, the great ocean of truth lay
all undiscovered before me'. (temIw Fs Fs\ ImWp
pshv F\ndnbn. Fm F\npXs tXmpXv,

Rm IScbn Hcp an\p shmctm km[mcWbn
\nptasd at\mlcamb Hcp Itbm t\mn HmSp Hcp
Ifnpnbmbncpp shmWv. kXynsd almkmKcw
Fsd apn aqSspInSpp)
\yqsd {]] hymJym\nsd shfnn lIvken
]dp:- "If events are due to natural causes, they are not due to
supernatural causes'. ({]IrXn]camb ImcWfmemWv {]m]
nI kw`hfpmhpsXn ]ns Ah Hcnepw {]Ir
XymXoX ImcWfme)
{]]nsd bm{nI hymJym\w icnbsv Cv
\apdnbmw. sFkvbn CXn\p]IcahXcnn kmt]n
IXm {]] hymJym\n\pw Nne ]cn[nIfpw ]cnanXnIfpap
sXv icnbmWv. ]t, \yqtmWnb {]] hymJym
\nsd ASnd XIncnpp sFkvbnsd knm
w. "]ZmYw Xcq {]]s krjvSnmw' Fp ]dbm
63
ss[cyap XzPvRm\nIsf Cv \apv ImWm Ignbp

n. hkvXpfpsS tIhe KWnX LS\bnep]cn bYmY
AkvXnXzw Ism \apv Ignbnsv Cv imkv{XPvR
\dnbmw. sslk_Knsd A\nivNnXXz knmhpw (uncer
tainity theory) mnsd Izmw knmhpw (quantum theory)
sFkvbn\nsd Bt]nIXm knmhpw (relativity the
ory) FmwXs {]]n APvtRbamb \nKqVXIfp
s [mcW hfpIbmWv sNbvXncnpXv. AXpsImp
Xs ]Xns\v]smXv \qmpIfn imkv{Xnsd
t]cn s\phncnpsImv ssZhhnizmkns\Xnsc
kacn\v hncphv Cv A\nchmcnmXmbncn
pp. Asn AhcpsS A\nchmv ]t{nbPvRm
\nsd ]cnanXamb taJeIfntev am{Xw Nnsb HXp
m Xbmdp tIhe bpIvXnhmZnIfpsSIqsS am{Xta kvYm\
apqsh AhkvY kwPmXambncnpp. imkv{XtemIn
]cs, {]m]nI {]h\p ]nn Hcp iIvXnbp
s hnizmkw hfphncnpp. BcwànmsXmp
an ssZhamsX (Francis Backon:, The Great Instauration)
Fv {]Jym]n t_Wnsd ssZhhnizmkw Cv imkv{X
temIv ]csbpsv, Xm kzbw ssZh\ntj[nbmsWv
]cnNbsSpp saUh, Xsd "imkv{Xnsd ]cn[n
I' (Peter Medawar: the Limits of Science) F ]pkvXIn
XpdpkXnppv.
a\pjysd Bcw`w apXpXs, GXpXcw Ip]nSn
pt\scbpw Ah aqpXcw {]XnIcW {]ISnn
Xmbn ImWm Ignbpw. Hv A\v[amb \ntj[ntdXm
sWn atXv A\v[amb ]n]entdXmbncpp. Cu cv
BXynIXIpw \Sphnembncnpw ]etmgpw kXyw IpSn
sImpXv. Cu "BXynIX'I Xnep kwL\n
sd Bchn Zu`mKyhim a[yhn`mKnsd i_vZw
{ihnm Ncn{XImcmv ImXpmhn. imkv{X Ncn{Xn
sd Ghpw henb ZpKXn Ccw sNInSps]mmcmb
Ncn{XImcmcmsWv ]dbpXmbncnpw icn.
64
kqva {]]nsd DZmlcWsaSppI. \psS Nppw

ImWp ZieWn\v AtNX\hpw ktNX\hpamb
hkvXp apgph GXm\pw Nne aqeIfpsS hyXykvX
A\p]mXfnep IqSntc sImmWv cq]w sImsXv
a\pjy a\nemn. CXp icnbspw Hmtcm hkvXpsf
bpw ssZhw krjvSnXmsW ]mccy hnizmkns\Xncm
Wv CsXp {]XnIcWamWv \ntj[mXvaIw. hkvXpfpsS
cq]oIcWn\v \nZm\amb ImcW Isngnp
shpw C\n Chsb krjvSn Hcp iIvXnsb k]ntXn
spap {]NmcWamWv A\v[amb ]n]entdXv. aqeI
sfpdndnpshnepw Ahbv-v {]tXyIamb kz`mh
\IpIbpw Ahsb hyXykvX A\p]mXfn Iqnt
psImv hnhn[ hkvXp \nanpIbpw sNbvX {kjvSm
hnsd {]kIvXn \jvSsSpns hnizmkhpw, krjvSn alm
Xvayspdnp t_m[hpamWv Cu cv BXynIXIv
\Sphnep a[y\ne]mSv.
CXmWv IqSpX ]coW \ncoWv a\pjys\
t{]cnnp \ne]mSv. A\v[amb \ntj[nsd BZys
kao]\w, Ip]nSnfn\nv ]nncnnpXmsW
n, A\v[amb ]n]ensd cmas kao]\w C\nsbm
pw Ip]nSnm\ns [mcW hfn IqSpX KthjW
sf \ncpkmlsSppXmWv. aqmas \ne]mSmIs,
krjvSnbpsS clkyw tXSnbp \nXmamb ]cn{ian\mWv
a\pjys\ t{]cnnpXv.
{]]w \nbmaIamsW hkvXpXbmWv ssZh\ntj[n
\\pIqeambn NqnmWnsSmdpXv . bYmYn,
{]m]nI tKmf Nne {]tXyI \nba A\pkcnpp
shXv B \nba \nan khPvR\mb Hcp \nbaZmXm
hnsd Akv X nXzntet \s \bnpXv ? \nba
\namXmhnmsX \nbafpmhpsXs\? \mw Cv
KWnX kq{XhmIyfpsS \n[mcWfneqsS k]nsSp
p {]kvXpX \nba \nivNbnXv \tfm _pn
bpw hnhchpap Hcp iIvXnbmbncnWatm. {]]nI {]Xn
65
`mkfpsS kqW\nba Ism Cv imkv{X

n\v IgnnnsXv t\cmWv. ]t, AXv Fsnepw
a\pjy k]nsSppIbnsv ]dbpI \apv km[ya.
C\n, {]m]nI \nbasfmwXs a\pjy Isnsb
v IcpXpI. FnXs B \nba \nan ssZhn\v
{]kIvXnbnmXmhpsXs\bmWv? Atm koW
fmb Ccw \nba krjvSn {kjvSmhnsd AkvXnXzw
IqSpX hyIvXamhpIbt sNpI?
ChnsS Hcp Imcyw {]tXyIw a\nemtXpv. imkv{X
nsd amK \ncoWfpw ]coWfpamWv. ]Zm
YamWv imkv{Xnsd taJe. ]ZmYw Fs\ s]cpamdp
pshXmWv imkv{Xnsd hnjbw. Atm XnIpw
]ZmYmXoX\mb, {]]mXoX\mb ssZhspdnv At\z
jWw \Sm imkv{Xnsd amK (methods) A]cym
]vXamWv. ]ZmYs krjvSn ssZhw ]ZmYmXoX\msW
mWv aXhnizmkw. ]ZmYspdnv ]T\w \Sp
imkv{Xn\v ssZhapv Ftm C Ftm AXnsd am{Xw
amKfp]tbmKnv ]dbpI km[ya. F{X iIv X amb
sSekvtImpI a\pjy Ip]nSnmepw AXpsImv ssZh
s ImWm Ignbpsav thZ{K\vYsfmpw hmZnpn.
AXn\mXs imkv{XKthjW ssZhnsd AkvXn
Xzs \ntj[npIbmWv sNpsX hmZn\v Xosc
{]kIvXnbn.
Atm ]ns \mw "imkv{Xw ssZhntev' Fv ]dbp
Xnsd AYsamWv? ]coW\mfnbnse GsXnepw
cmk{]h\fntem {]Imitm {]thKap knKv\
epI kzoIcnm km[np sSekvtImntem AWphn\
Is kIe Imcyfpw ImWm Ignbp ssat{ImkvtIm
ntem shv Bscnepw ssZhs Zinpshtm, Asn
Bk`mhnbn As\sbmcp Zi\ ku`mKyw am\hcmin
v e`yamhpsatm A \mw CXpsImv hnhnpXv.
adnv imkv{Xw Hmtcm Ip]nSn \Sptmgpw {]m]
nI hkvXpfpsS {kjvSmhns\pdnpw Ahsd A]mc
66
amb Adnhns\bpw Ignhns\bpw ]nbpw \app t_m[ysSp

pshv am{XamWv. a\pjys\pdn ]T\saSppI. Ahsd
Hmtcm Ahbhsfnbpw AhbpsS koWXIsfpdnpw
IqSpX a\nempwtXmdpw Ah tIhe bmZrivNnIXbpsS
krjvSnbspw {]XypX, Hcp almb iIvXnbpsS Nnnpd
n {]h\amsWpw t_m[ysSpw. {]IrXnbnse GsXm
cp hkvXphnsdbpw AhkvY As\XsbmWv. imkv{XK
thjW {]]nse hkvXpfpw hkvXpXIfpw tIhe
bmZrivNnIXbpsS D]aspw adnv A]mc _pniIvXn
bp Hcp almssNX\ynsd {]h\fmWnhsbpw
hyIvXampIbmWv sNpXv. CXmWv "imkv{Xw ssZh\ntj
[nte, ssZhhnizmkntemWv \bnpXv' Fp
]dbptm \mw AYampXv. AmsX imkv{Xnsd
D]m[nIfp]tbmKnpsImv ssZhs Ismw F A
Yne.
"Ahs\ ZrjvSnI IspIbn; Ah\mIs ZrjvSnIsf
IspIbpw sNpp' (hnip JpB 6:103) F JpB
\nI hN\w hyIvXampXv ]ZmYmXoX\mb {kjvSmhns\
Ism ùXnIamb ]coW \ncoWmhns
pXsbmWv. Fm, ùXnIhkvXpXIsfpdn Nn,
AhbpsS krjvSnns\bpw ]cn]me\sbpw Ipdn ]cnNn
\w, ssZhnsd AkvXnXzw AwKoIcnpXntep \bnp
sav JpBXs hyIvXamppv. AXpsImmWv
{]mIrXnI hkvXpfbpw hkvXpXIsfbpw Ipdnv Nnnm
JpB ASnSn Blzm\w sNpXv. ""Fmeh HIn
sd t\v t\mpnt; AsXs\ krjvSnspshv.
BImintev AsXs\ Dbsncnppshv.
]hXfntev AsXs\ \mn \nsncnppshv.
`qanbntev AsXs\ hnXm\sSpsncnppshv''
(hn.Jp. 88:1720).
{]]krjvSn Ignv Ggmw Znhks kpJkaramb
hn{ian\ptijw ssZhw XpSbmbn hn{ianpsImncnp
IbmsW hnizmkw JpB ]Tnnpn. {]]nse
67
Hmtcm Ne\n\p ]nnepw ssZhnsd A]mcamb iIvXn

hntijapsmWv JpB\pw \_nhN\fpw hyIv X
ampXv. ""a\pjysd IWvT\mfntbm ASpmWv \mw
kvYnXn sNpXv'' (hn.Jp. 88:50) Fv ssZhnI {K\vYneqsS
shfnsSpp ssZhw, a\pjy\v A{]m]yt\m, ImSnsd Iqcn
cpnt]mbn k\yknm am{Xw Zi\w \Ip Hcp
iIvXntbm BsW Ckvemw ]TnnpXv. km[mcWm
csd kIehn[ ]cnanXnIpnepw \npsImpXs
Ah\v ssZhs Adnbm\pw Ahsd kmao]yw t\Sm\pw
IgnbpsaXmWv CkvemanI ssZhhnizmknsd khnti
jhpw ASnkvYm\]chpamb {]tXyIX. AXn\h hoSpw \mSp
apt]nv Imn t]mtIXn. ssZhstSn Bn\
Is kv]\fntetm BImin\p apIfnse XtamK
fntetm t]mtIXn. Ah \apSpmWv \psS
IWvT\mfntbmfSpv.
ChnsS Hmkv{Snb DuPX{PvR\mb {^ntPm^vIm{]bp
sS NnIsfpdnv ]cmainmXncnpXv A\pNnXambncn
psav tXmpp. Cu \qmn Ghpa[nIw N sN
s {K\vYfnsemmWv Atlnsd "Z Smthm Hm^v
^nknIvkv (Frijoph Capra: The Tao of Physics, Fontana Publications) hntijnpw `mcXn, Atlnsd NnIv
Gsd {]Nmcw e`np. B[p\nI imkv{X\nKa\, `mcXob
apssSbp ]ucmWnI ]uckvXy NnIv ]n_ew
\IphbmsWXmWv Im{]bpsS ]pkv X Insd
s]mXphmb DSw. am{Xm knmnse bmYmYy
k]hpw ]uckvXy tbmKmXvaI hmZnse bmYmYy k
]hpw Xn kmZriysSppIbmWv Im{] {]kvXpX
]pkvXIn {][m\ambpw sNpXv.
Im{]bpsS Nnv Hne[nIw sshIeyfpv. AXns\
n hniZambn D]\yknptm thZhpw thZmhpsamw
]cmaintnhcpw. Acsamcp ]T\n\v ChnsS {]kIv
Xnbn. ankvnknkn ]dbp A\p`qXnI am{XamWv
bmYmYysa hmZtmSv, Bn\pnse "A\nivNnXXz'
68
s _\v[sSppIbmWv Im{] {][m\ambpw sNpXv.

am{Xm_eX{nse (Quantum Mechanics) {][m\ {]Xn
]mZyw D]BWh IWnIIfmWv ( sub atomic particles ).
AhbmWv ]ZmYnse auenIamb hkvXp. Ahsb \psS
\ncoWw kzm[o\nppsh bmYmYynemWv Im{]
{][m\ambpw ]nSnpXqpXv. ankvnknk{]Imcw {]]w
anYybmWv . AXv bmYmYyamsWv \apv tXmpI
am{XamWv . "{_lv a w kXyw: PKw anYy'sbmWtm
thZmnIfpsS ASnkv Y m\ hmIyw. ]ZmY \nanXamb
{]]nsd ASnkvYm\ LSIamb BWh IWnIIsf
\psS \ncoWw kzm[o\nppshp hm Ah \psS
a\nse Hcp A\p`qXn am{XamsWt AYw?- Atm
PKw anYybmsW, thZmnIfpsSbpw ap ]uckvXy ankvn
pIfpsSbpw hmZw icnbmWv CXmWv Im{]bpsS coXn. ChnsS
]eXpw ]cnKWntXpv. HmaXmbn PKw anYybmsW
hmZw sslh ASnkvYm\ {]amW {]Imcw icnb. B
{]tbmKw shdpw BemcnIamWv. cmaXmbn, D]BWh
IWnIIv hkvXp\njvTamb AkvXnXzhpw kzXxknamb
KpWhntijfpapsmWv B[p\nI KthjWê
kqNnnpXv. \ncoWw AhbpsS kz`mhs kzm[o\n
ppshp hmt]mepw AhbpsS AkvXnXzw hkvXp\n
jvTamsWXn\m imkv{XPvRm kwibnpn. C{nb
hnjbam AWphn\pnse kv]\ a\pjysd
C{nbfpsSbpw Ah Ip]nSn D]IcWfpsSbpw
]cnanXnsbbmWv ImWnpsXv hnizknp H\h[n
DuPX{PvRmcpv.
AXpsImpXs {]]w anYybmsW ankvnpIfpsS
hmZn\p sXfnhv IspXv Bn\pn\nm
hpXv A]w ISImWv. AXv DuPX{ss
\ntj[nemWv.- {]]w anYybmsWn ]ns B {]]
spdn hyhkvYm]nX ]T\n\v {]kIvXnsbmpan
tm. kvo-^ tlmnwKv FgpXpXv t\mpI: "]uckvXy
ankvnknknsd {]]w Hcp anYybmWv. AXns\ Xsd
69
{]h\hpambn _\v[sSpp DuPvX{PvR DuP

X{ss ssIsbmgnncnpIbmWv.'* {_lvaPvRm
\hpw B[p\nI imkv{XZi\nse AWphn\pnse A\niv
NnXmhkvYbpw Xn _\v[aps hmZw ASnkvYm\ clnX
amsWv- thZm]Sphmb {io. kpIpam AgotmSv kaYnp
pv. ("Xzhpw a\pjy\pw' F ]pkvXIw t\mpI)
AWphn\pn \Sp IWfpsS krjvSnnsdbpw
hnLS\nsdbpw ]p\xkrjvSnnsdbpw ss\ccynsd
XmssfIyw ]pcmWfnse \ScmP\rnemWv Im{]
ZinpXv. Hckpcsd PVnt \npsImv, \
{Xsf \mep]mSpw ]dnpsImv ZnKsf `kvaamn
khkwlmc elcnbn inh sNp \Sc-mP \rs
AWphnsd AKm[XIfn \Sp \nXmamb IW DuP
]cnh\fnse imeo\Xmfn Zinm Ign
bpIbnsv AgotmSv hyIvXamppv. Hcp kthm-XssZhhpw B ssZhnsd \nbasf Hcp ASnasbtmse
A\pkcnp {]]hpsa skannIv aXfpsS k]w
B[p\nI imkv{X KthjWv \ncmXpw, ]ZmY
n\pnXs ssZhw kvYnXn sNppsh ]uckvXy
hoWw imkv{X knmv \ncpXpamsW \nKa
\nemWtlw Ahkm\w FntcpXv. CXmWv Im{]v
]p KpcpXcamb sX-pw.- AWphn\pnse clkyfn
]eXpw Cv imkv{Xn\dnbnsXv t\cmWv. ]t, Ah
\msf Ism\p km[yX \ntj[nm Ignbn. AWp
hn\pnse kv]\fn sZhnI ksb Zinp ]w
B kv]\fpsS ImcWw IsptXmsS ssZhn\v
{]kIv X nbnmXmbn amdpw. Acsamcp k]n\v
kmhImenIamb \ne\n]nsYw. imkv { Xnsd
sskmnI ASndbn aX\nba kvYm]nm AXn
\v \ne\nm\mhnsv tUm. cm[mIrjvWs\tmep hn
thIimenI NqnmWnXnsd ImcWhpw CXmsX
asmpa. (tUm. cm[mIrjvW: aXw ]mivNmXy ]uckvXy
* Stephen hawking: History of Time From Bigbang to Black holes.
70
cmjv{Sfn)
ssZhw ]ZmYmXoX\mWv. ]mZmYnIamb ]coW \nco
WfneqsS ssZhnI k IspI km[ya. AXn\v
{]amZapIvXamb ssZhnI t{kmXpIsfs B{ibn
Ww. ssZhn\nv AhXoWambXmsWv ]qWambp
dp {K\vYtam {K\vYtfm Dtm? Acsamct\zjW
n\v Gsd {]kIvXnbpv. ùXnI{]iv\sfpdnt\zjn
m thn apgpkabhpw hn\ntbmKnp a\pjy, Xsd
imizXamb tamN\n\v \nZm\amIp ssZhnI t{kmXp
Isfpdn At\zjWn\v Xosc kabw ImWpns n
AXhs\ imizX \jvSntemWv \bnpI Xo.
71
imkv{Xhpw am\pjnI
aqeyfpw
1945 BKkvv Bdn\v cmhnse 8.15\v lntcmjna \Kcn
Atacn Bwt_mw_p h[np. BKkvv HXn\v \mKkm
nbnepw AWpt_mw_v hjnsp. "sNdnb Ipn' (little
boy) Fv Atacn Hma\tcn lntcmjnabn hjn bqtd
\nbw t_mw_pw \mKkmnbn hjn qtmWnbw t_mw
_pwIqSn aqp etmfw a\pjysc sImsmSpn. e
Wn\v a\pjy AWp{]kctav \nXytcmKnIfmbn. Cpw
tdUntbj Zpcnsd kXnI AhnSfn Pohn
ncnpp; acnmsX acnpsImv.
km{amPyXziIvXnI Bbp[w IppIqnsmncnpI
bmWnpw. \qdp saKmS AWpt_mw_n\v `qapJs Pohc
lnXamm Ignbpsapw, temIv Cv \qdp `qanIsf
\innm t]m AWphmbp[ tiJcapspw \mw Adn
bpI. t_mw_p hjnp cmPyhpw B]n\nv- apIvXam
hpIbns òXnam{XamWv Ah {]tbmKnpXn\nv-
imkv{Xhpw am\pjnI aqeyfpw
72
km{amPyXziIv X nIsf XSp\npXv . "òXnbpsS

kam[m\'amWv Cv temIv \ne\npsXYw. Cu
"òXnbpsS kam[m\w't]mepw XIm km{amPyXz iIvXnI
v ss[cyw ]Icm\pw Nne {ianpsImncnpIbmWnpw.
Atacn ssl{UP t_mw_nsd ]nXmhmb FtUzUv
sS Hcn Cs\ kam[m\np. "Hcp AWpbpw aqew
Atacn XIsmepw Ap hjn\pn AXn\v
hiIvXnbmbn amdm Ignbpw.'
sFkvbn\mWv B kq{XhmIyw Ip]nSnXv. "{Zhys
DuPamnbpw DuPs {Zhyamnbpw ]cnhnnmw.'
{Zhynsd ]cnamWw "m'Dw {]Iminsd ]cnamWw "c'bpw
BsWn B {Zhyw ]cnhnnm mc2 DuPw e`np
sav sFkvbn Isn. temInsd DutPm]mZ\
cwKv hn hnhfpmm t]m Ip]nSn ambn
cpp AXv. hnIkzc cmjv{Sfn ]eXpw Xv hnIknX
cmjv{StfmsSmsamsav kz]v\w IncnWw. kqcy\n
epw ap \{Xfnepap DuPnsd DdhnSw Isn
sbpw C\n Icn J\nIfntev Cdtn hcnIbns
pw hsc sImntLmjnsp. ]ckv]cw sFIyhpw kulm
Zhpapsn temInsd apJOmbXs amm ]cym]v
Xamb DuP {ZhykwcW \nbaw BZyambn {]mtbmKnI
]coWw \SnbXv \nc]cm[nIfmb eWn\v
a\pjycnemWv. Cu \qmnse Ghpw henb Ip]nSnsa
]dbmhp "BWthmPw' lntcmjnam\m KkmnIfn
Ipsd amdmtcmKnIsf krjvSnpshp; temIn\v ]mTambn
smv.
1955 G{]nen temInse {]apJimkv{XPvRm tNv
Hcp {]kvXmh\ ]pdsSphnpIbpmbn. B_v sFkv
bn, s{ÛdnIv tPmfntbmvIyqdn, amIvkvt_m, s]gvkn
{_nUvPvam, slam ap, sse\kv t]mfnwKv,- skkn
]uh, lnsZnbph, entbmt]mkv CsÛv, tPmk^v
tdmv_mv, _{Smdv d XpSnb imkv{XPvRcpw NnI
mcpw Hpsh {]kvXpX {]kvXmh\, dsFkvbn
73
am\ns^kvtm FmWv AdnbsSpXv. Bbp[bn

sdbpw km{amPyiIvXnIfpsS ioXkacnsdbpw ]ivNm
en, lntcmjna\mKkmnIfn\nv ]mTapsm
psImpXmWv {]kvXpX am\ns^kvtm. `qapJs am\h
cminsb apgph (Poh\p hkvXpsfsbmw) \innm
]cym]vXamb coXnbn Bbp[, hninjym BWhmbp[
IppIqp `cWm[nImcnIsfbpw KthjW kvYm]\
sfbpw iIvXambn XmoXv sNp am\ns^kvtm, Ahkm
\ambn Cs\ ]dbpp: "ktmjhpw hnPvRm\hpw hnthI
hpaSnb A\pkyqXamb ]ptcmKXnbmWv \mw sXcsSp
psXn AXntmgpw \psS apnepv. \psS hgp
I adm IgnbmXpsImv \mw kzbw \miw sXcs
SpWtam? R a\pjysc \nebn a\pjytcmS`yYn
pp. \nfpsS am\hnIXsb HmanpI, aphsbmw
adpI'.
Cu \qmnse Ghpw amcItcmKamb, FbnUvkv F
Npcptcn ]dbsSp "BPnXamb {]Xntcm[ iIvXnp
dhv Dmp AkpJw' (acquired immune defeciency syndrome),
P\nXI Fn\obdnwKnsd Zp-jvShpw {Iqchpamb Zpcp]tbmK
nsd kXnbmsW A`n{]mbw s]mnhncnpp.
]pXnb hnn\sf D]mZnnm\pw ]mccytcmK t`Z
amm\pw D]tbmKnstS P\nXI Fn\obdnwKv am\h
cminv kw`mh\ sNbvXXv AXyw amcIamb Hcp tcmKam
sWmWv Cu A`n{]mbw icnbmsWn \mw a\nemt
Xv. tcmKmWpsf D]tbmKnpsImv bpw sNpIsb
{Iqchpw \nIrjvShpamb km{amPyXz X{amWv FbnUvknsd
D`hn\v \nZm\samWv CXn\Yw. Atacn bpX{
nsd BkvYm\amb s]dKWmWv FbnUvkv tcmKmWp
sf \nansXpw AhcpsS A{i aqew XShp]pnIfneq
sSbmWv CXv kaqln ]IsXpw tP_v koK,
enn koK Fnh tNsgpXnb "FbnUvknsd D]
n' (Jacob Segal Lilli Segal: The Origin of Aids) F {K\vYn
Btcm]nncnpp. "s]dKWn'sd ]coWn\v hnt[
74
bambXn\ptijw Bdp amkw Ignv t^mSv s U{SnIv

XShdbn\nv tamNnXcmbn \yqtbmnse At[mtemIn
tev t]mb IphmfnIfn \nmWv CXv ]IsXpw Cu
hkvXpX adpshm thnbmWv FbnUvknsd D`hw
B{-^n IpcpIfn\nmsW IY NasXpw
sXfnhpI \ncn {]kvXpX ]pkvXIn kvYm]npp
v . FbnUv k nsd D`hspdnp Cu IYbpsS
\nPkvYnXn FpXsbmsWnepw, bpn\v D]tbmKnm
]mIn P\nXI Fn\obdnwKv hgn tcmKmWpsf
\nanm km{amPyXz iIvXnIv ]cn]mSnbpsXv Hcp
bmYmYyw am{XamWv. Atacn {]Xntcm[ hIpnse RD
hn`mKw sU]yqn UbdIvS sUmWmUvaIv BX 1969 Pq
HXn\v Atacn lukv Hm^v d{]ktdohvknsd k_v
Innv apmsI AhXcnn Hcp hkvXpX Cmcyntev
shfnw hoipXmWv. Atlw ]dp: "hcp Atm
]tm hjn\pn \apv Hcp ]pXnb tcmKmWphns\
bpn\p]tbmKnphm ]p Xcn kPvPamphm
Ignbpw. a\pjysd {]Xntcm[ iIvXntm av AdnbsSp
acppItm CXns\Xnsc Hpw sNm IgnbnsXv Cu
AWpfpsS iIvXn h[nnpp.'*
Xsd klPohnIsf sImm Hcpnb Ipgnbn Atacn
km{amPyXzwXs sRcnacp ImgvNbmWv, CXp
icnbmsWn, \mw Cp IpsImncnpXv. ssZhnI
imk\I Imndn, Ipgn ssewKnI PohnXw
\bn P\v, kzw ssI sImpXs XfpsS sImeb
Xotnhp.
1989 amv 23. imkv{XtemIs AcnpsImv B hm
]pdphp. Hcp -^yqj t_mw_nsd kvt-^mSI iIvXn
tbmsS imkv{XtemIs ]nSnpIpepnb {]kvXpX hm
]pdphnXv Atacnbnse bqm khIemimebnse tUm.
kvmen t]mkpw {_nWnse kXmw]vS khIemime
bnse amn ^vsfbnjvam\pw IqSn kmvtev knnbn
* Jacob Segal Lilli segal: The Origin of AIDS
75
hnfnptN {]kv tIm^dkn shmbncpp.

"]coW \mfnbnse AWpkwtbmP\w' F hnjbs
kw_\v[n hniZamb teJ\ Cv imkv{X {]kno
IcWfn hncfsanepw temIs hnhn[ et_mddnIfn
Cpw "tImUv ^yqjs\'pdn KthjW XIrXnbmbn
\Sppv. L\Pen (heavy water) Xbmdmnb enYnbw
sslt{UmIvsskUv emb\nsb, ]teUnbw, mn\w Fnh
bYm{Iaw ImtYmUpw Bt\mUpambn D]tbmKnv sshZypXn
hntjWn\v hnt[bamnbtm km[mcW cmkùXnI
{]{InbIfn DmhpXnt\m \qdncntbmfw Xm]w
D]mZnnsXmbn ImWsp. L\ Pense Uyqocnbw
(ssl{UPsd sFtkmtSm]v) AWp Xn kwtbmP\w
\SXn\memWv C{Xb[nIw DuPw D]mZnnssX
mbncpp t]mknsdbpw ^vsfbnjvamsdbpw hniZo
IcWw. loenbw, Kmam td FnhbpsS kmn[yhpw ]cnkc
v \yqt{Sm Iuv h[nXmbp \ncoWhpw mn\w
CeIvt{SmUn AWpkwtbmP\w (atomic fusion) \Snpv
FXnsd sXfnhmbn Ah Nqnmn. km[mcW BWh
dnbmIvSdpIfnepw apw ZieWn\v Un{Kn Xm]\nebn
am{Xw \Sp -^yqj {]h\w, km[mcW Xm]\nebn
\SmsaXmWv Cu Ip]nSnnsd {]m[m\yw. CXp
icnbmsWn DuPn\v \mw C\nsbhnsSbpw At\zjnp
t]mtInhcn. kap{ZPen \nv thXncnsSpmhp
Uyqocnbw DuPnsd Ab]m{Xambn amdpw. AXpsIm
pXsbmWv bqmbnse ]coWê tIam{Xbn
Xs bp.Fkv. kvtv DuP hIpv sk{Idn hnam\-n
Atmv ]dXv.
DuPnsd Ab]m{Xn\pthnbp {]bmWw
\Sptm Xs imkv{Xnsd CXx]cyap D]tbm
Kn\npw ]mTapsmh AXn hymIpesSpI
bmWvv. ImcWw asmpa. \yqt{Sm t_mw_pw ssl{UP
t_mw_pw km[mcW ]-co-W
- i
- m-eI
- f
- n- \n-a-- n-msa-- kvYnXn-bm-Wv,- C-u- ]coW icnbmsWn, kwPmXamIm
76
t]mIpXv. BWht_mw_pIfpsS D]tbmKw, km{amPyiIv

XnIfpsS ssIIfn\nv km[mcW {]mtZinI Iem]Im-cnIfpsS Icfntev \op Hcp \msfsbbmWv Ahv
CXn\nv ImWm IgnbpXv. {Iqc\mb a\pjysd ssII
fn DuPnsd A\mbmkamb D]mZ\amIp Cu
"kq{XhmIy' G]npXv am\hcminbpsS kqW
\mintemWv \bnpIsbv Ah IWp Iqpp. Cu
IWpIqepI, CXx]cyap A\p`hfpsS shfnn
icnbmWpXm\pw.
Cv UtbmP\okv Pohnncpsn a\pjys\tSn At
lw BZyw t]mhpI imkv{XtemItmbncnpw. AhnsS
Atlnsd Xopapn "am\hnIX'bpsS
aqSp]SaWnhcn ]ecpw am\hcminbpsS i{XpfmsWv
Atlw Xsd "DZi\w'sImv a\nempw. DutPm
]mZ\hpw P\nXI Ip]nSnfpw, Fn\[nIw a\pjys\
tcmKn\nv apIvXamt acppI hsc \mw Adnbm
sX km{amPytem_nIfpsS bpnsd _enbmSpIfmbn
\s amnsmncnpp. km\pw ]mcntXmjnI
pw apn, imkv { XPv R t]mepw a\pjyhncp
iIvXnIfpsS ASnabmbn amdpp. ChnsS a\pjyschnsS...?
cp Imen \Sp, \nh Xebpw kpcamb hZ\hp
ap, Iyqdn\p apn Ccpv Nnnp a\pjycnhnsS
[mcmfapv. ]t, UtbmP\okv \ncmi\mWv. Atlw At\z
jnpXv cp Imen \Sp a\pjys\b;- \nhp\n
p b{a\pjys\b;- a\pjys\ a\pjy\mp ùXnI
khntijXIfp a\pjys\b;- {]XypX, BXvamhp a\p
jys\bmWv. Xsd klPohnItfmSv IcpWbpw klXm]hp
ap, A\ysd thZ\bpw thhemXnbpw Adnbm Ignbp,
\mWhpw am\hpw khntij kz`mhambn kzoIcnp, BXvam
hv acnm a\pjys\bmWv. a\pjys\ a\pjy\mp
khntijXI FsmsbmWv? ùXnIamb hfsImv,
a\pjy\nse arKobXsb \innmsav IWpIqnb
Zi\ ]mcmbn amdnbncnpp. _pnbpw sshZKv[yhp
77
aphcmWv am\hcminsb \innm t]m knmfm

hnjvIcnpXv. AhcmWv XfpsS klPohnIsf apgph,
GXm\pw shnmipIpthn HnsmSppXv.
aqe[\hn\mineqsS a\pjy\nse kzmYXsb CmXm
msav hymtamln {]Xybimkv{Xw, Cv sskmnIhpw
{]mtbmKnIhpamb ]mcw aqSnshm mkvt\mkvnsd
bpw s]cnkvt{SmbnbpsSbpw IcnS ]Spp. A[n
Imcnsd apjvIvsImv a\pjys\ "\mm' ]pds
{]kvXpX Zi\nsd Zwi\n\v hnt[bambn abn
emncp kaql kzmX{yn\pthn "HmSpI'
krjvSnm XpSnbncnpp. (tk-m-hn-bv- bq-\n-b-\pw- In-g- bq-tdm-]y- cm-Py--fpw- I-ayq-Wn-k-n-\n-v- hn-Sp-Xt\Sn-sm-n-cn-p-tm-gm-Wv- Cu- te-J-\-sa-gp-Xn-b-Xv)
]cnXkvYnXnI am{XamWv a\pjys\ tISphcppsXv
Cmcpw ]dbpn. kzImcy kzmWv kIe {]iv\pw
ImcWsav ]dncphcpsS Cs A\pbmbnI "ISn
m s]mm' ]ZkpIfn A`bw tXSpIbmWv.
\appw UtbmP\oknt\msSmw tNmZnmw: "a\pjys\
a\pjy\mm Bpw Ignbpw?'
\ncoizchmZnbmb densd hmpI t\mpI: d
sFkvbn am\ns^kvtmhn\nv: "R a\pjysc
\nebn a\pjytcmS`yYnpp. \nfpsS am\hnIXsb
HmanpI, aphsbmw adpI'.
FmWo am\hnIX?
a\pjy Fn\p \ sNWw? a\pjy Fn\pthn
Pohnpp? a\pjys\ arKfn\np hyXncnIvX\mp
sXmWv?
Cu tNmZypcw \Iphm imkv{Xn\v Ignbn.
]coW \mfnIpnse cmk{]h\tfm GsXn
epw cq]nep kahmIytfm knmtfm \Xn
Isfpdn hnNmchnImcfpmm ]cym]vXa. E=mc2F
kq{XhmIyw {Zhy]cnh\n\nv F{Xam{Xw DuPw
78
e`nppshp am{Xta hyIvXamppq. B DuPw Xsd

ktlmZcs\ AImcWambn \innm D]tbmKncpsXv
]Tnnpn. CXpt]mseXsbmWv imkv{Xnsd hnhn[
taJeIfnsebpw kvYnXn. {`qWimkv{Xnse GsXnepw
hkvXpXI hy`nNmcw A[aamsWv hyIvXampn.
`mcybnepmhp Ippw A\ykv{Xobnepmhp Ippw
Xn Pohimkv{X]camb Acsfmpan. hkvXp
fpsS cmkLS\sbpdn ]T\w Ahbn ambw tNpXv
A[aamsWv a\nemncpn. ChnsSbmWv imkv{X
nsd bYmYnep ]cn[nbpw aXnsd {]kIvXnbpw
\apv hyIvXamhpXv.
79
aXw: {]kIvXnbpw
{]tbmKhpw
"a\pjy Fn\p \ sNWw? "a\pjy Fs\ Pohn

Ww?' XpSnb tNmZypcw ]dbm a\pjyt\m
a\pjy ]S Zi\tm Ignbn. AXn\v a\pjysd
kz`mhsfbpw Npp]mSpIsfbpw Ipdnv AhKmVamb Ah
t_m[ap Hcph-t\- Ignbq. GsXnepsamcm ]dbp "Pohn
X coXn' kzoIcnpsImWsav asmcmsf \n_\v[np
XneYan. am{Xhpa, Abm ]dbp coXnXsbmWv- bpIv
Xhpw kvJenXclnXhpw khIme {]kIvXhpsav ]dbp
sXs\bmWv? a\pjysd kmlNcyhpw ]cnXx-kvYnXnIfpw
\nccamb amn\v hnt[bamWtm. Atm kmlNcy
\pkcnv coXnIfpw amdWsav hmZnm, ùXnIamb
hoWtImWneqsS am{Xw t\mnbm AXn sXsmpw
ImWm Ignbn.
aXw: {]kIvXnbpw {]tbmKhpw
80
ChnsSbmWv aqeyspdn hyIvXhpw kmhImenIhpam

b \nhN\nsd {]kIvXn \mw ZinpXv. hyIvXnbpsS
CjvSm\njvStfm kaqlnsd A\nhmcyXtbm hK Xm
]cytfm A aqey \nWbnpXv. sImmcs\
kw_\v[nnStmfw Ifhv aqeyamWv. apXemfnbptSXv sIm
sNbvXv km[pv hnXcWw sNpIsbXv NnecpsS hK
Xm]cyamWv. A\ycmjv{Ssf sIm sNbvXv kztZis
]pjvSnsSppI tZiobamb aqeyt_m[amsWmWv NnecpsS
knmw.
imkv{XtemItpXs ISpI. s]dKWnse Hcp
imkv{XPvR. Abmv ]Ww thWw. AbmfpsS hyIvXn]
camb {]iv\ ]cnlcnsSWw. {]ikvXn thWw. Xsd
Ipppw IpSpw_n\pw Pohnm\p hgn thWw.
AXn\bm tcmKmWpsf \nanWw. AXv BscbmWv
\innpIsbv Adntb Imcyw Abmn. Abm
sNpXv aqp Xcnep "tkh\'amWv. Hv, kzn\v;
cv, IpSpw_n\v; aqv cmjv{Sn\v. CXmWv AbmfpsS
[manI hoWw. tkmjyenkvv kzKnsd krjvSnp
thn AXp ew D{Ibn IjIsc ]nWnnv sImXv
"alm\mb' kvmensd ZrjvSnbn [aambncpp. AXp
ew t] acnmepw tImSnIpthn kaXzkpcamb
hKclnX kaqlw krjvSnpXv A[aamsWv tkmjyen
kvv Xzimkv{Xw Atls ]Tnnncpn. kIepw
_m[Iamb coXnbn [an\v kq-v-a-h-pw hyIvXhpamb
\nhN\w \IpXnep a\pjysdbpw a\pjy\nanX
{]Xybimkv{XfpsSbpw IgnhptISmWv ChnsS A\mhr
XamhpXv.
hy`nNmcw AXv sNphsd ZrjvSnbn A[aa. D`bI
n kX {]ImcamsWn Cy inm \nba{]Imchpw
AXn sXsmpan. hy`nNmcw A[manIamsWv aX\ntj
[nIfpw kXnpp. Atm [asbpw A[asbpw
thXncnpXv hyIvXnbpsStbm kaqlntdtbm CjvSm\n
jvSf. ChnsSbmWv ssZhnI amKZi\nsd A\nhm
81
cyXbpw alXzhpw \mw ImWpXv.

a\pjy Fs\ PohnWsav ]TnnpXtcXv Ah
s\ krjvSn ssZhamWv. Ah\mWv [aw FmsWpw- A[
asamsWpw ]dpXtcXv. AXv am\hcminv ]Tnnp
sImSpm thnbmWv ImemImefmbn Ah {]hmNI
msc t_m[\w \In a\pjycntebnpXv. AhcmWv
a\pjysc-s\ PohnWsav ]TnnXv. [asamsWpw
A[asamsWpw am\hcminp ]TnnXv AhcmWv. ssZ
hnI t_m[\n\\pkcnmbncpp Ah P\tfmSv
kwkmcnncpXv. "Fn\v \ sNWw? Xn shSnbWw?'
F tNmZyn\v "]ctemIv \ e`nm, ITn\inbn
\nv c e`nm' FmWh Dcw \InbXv. \pw
Xnpw \oXnbpIvXamb {]Xn-êw \Im Cu CltemI
n\v Akm[yamsW hkvXpX Bcpw \ntj[npsav
tXmnn. \XnIv XXmb {]Xn-êw e`np
Hcp thZnbnsn "\ sNWw' Fpw "Xn shSnbWw'
Fpw I]npXn AYantm. AXpsImpXs,
]ctemIpshv \XnIv Alhpw bpIvXhpamb
{]Xn-êw \IsSpsav ssZhw {]hmNImcneqsS am\hcm
inv AdnbnpsImSpp. AhnsS a\pjycpsS D\oNXz
tfm ip]miItfm ]cnKWnsSpIbnsXn\mepw
ssZhnsd am{Xw A[oim[nImcn\v hnt[bamWv B
thZnsbXn\mepw XnIpw \oXnbpIv X amb {]Xnêw
]ctemIpshv \IsSpsav \appdnmhpXmWv.
Atm FmWv \?
"]ctemIv {]Xnêw e`yamp Imcysfv ssZhnI
{]hmNIm ]TnnpX Imcy'.
FmWv Xn?
"]ctemIv in e`yamp {]h\sfv
ssZhZqXm hyIvXamnb Imcy'.
FmWv am\hnIX?
"a\pjy Fs\ PohnWsa ssZhnI shfn]mSpIfp
82
sS \ntZi\pkcn PohnXw'.
a\pjy Fn\v \ sNWw; Xn shSnbWw? "]ctem
Iv inbn\nv csSm\pw \ e`nm\pw thn!'
Cs\ imkv{Xnsd ]cn[nIpdp {]iv\
pcw \Im aXn\v am{Xta Ignbq. \XnIfpsS
ssZhnImSnkvYm\s \ntj[np Zmi\nIm IqSpX
Bibpg krjvSnpIbmWv bYmYn sNpXv.
_{Smdv densd A`n{]mbw {inpI:
"\XnIsfpdnp \psS hnImchnNmc, \s
kw_\v[np asm Imcyfnepsat]mse \ne\n
]n\p thnbp \psS PohnX kacn\nv Dcpncn
bp kzm`mhnI hkvXpXI am{XamWv. Ahb-v-v {]IrXym
XoXamtbm ssZhnIamtbm Hcp D]nbpan'*
tdmP kvs]dn FgpXpp: "akvXnjvI {]{InbIfpsS kzm`m
hnI KpWhntijfmWv am\pjnI aqey. Ahbv-v
kzX{amb \ne\n]psp IcpXn, Ahsb IrXyambn
akvXnjvI {]{Inbbn\nv thXncnp \npI hgn \mw
bpIv X nhnNmc]camb NnmIpgw WnphcppI
am{XamWv sNpXv. akvXnjvInsd {]h\ Dn
tev hcp hkvXpfpambn {]Xn{]hnpIbpw Ahsb
aqeyfmbn cq]mcsSppIbpw sNpp.'*
sP.skUv. bpv AhImisSpXv t\mpI: "ssZh\n
bpIvXamb Hcp BcnIPvRm\ iIvXnbpsS -êambnmWv
aqey DcpncnbpsXv IcpXpXnt\m IqSpX
Xr]vXnIchpw {]tbmP\{]Zhpamb A\pam\fn Fn
tcpXn\v akvXnjvIhnPvRm\nsd ]cnKW\ klm
bnpsamWv Rm AhImisSpXv.'***
akvXnjvI {]{InbbpsS êambnmWv aqey Dcpn
cnbpsXn Fm a\pjycpw Htc cq]n aqeysf ]n
]phcpw Ahsb \n_\v[]qhw A\pkcnphcpambn
* Bertrand Russ el: Why I am not a Christian? Page: 73
*-* Rogger Sperry: Science and Moral Priority. Page: 71.
** J.Z. Young: Programmes of the Brain, Page: 141.
83
amtdXt? Htc AbpsS afnXs Hcm Zbmephpw

asbm {Iqc\pambn amdpsXs\bmWv? akvXnjvIw
hfp hnIkn imkv { XPv R mt]mepw A\ymbamb
a\pjypcpXnv Iqp\npsXpsImmWv? \ne\n]n
\pthnbp PohnXkacn\nv DcpncnXmWv
aqeysf A`n{]mbhpw Iptd {]iv\sf t\cntSXpv.
Hcp arKw am{Xamb a\pjy\v \ne\nphm ap arKfptS
Xn\nv hyXykvXamb aqey ]npStcXpsv
hmZnpXnsd HuNnXysamWv? ap arKsftmse Pohn
m Ah\v \ne\nm km[yas AhkvY kwPmXam
bsXs\bmWv ? A\phZnsXpw hnesXpsa
hyXymkw t\mmsX `Wn\pthn GXp amKhpw
kzoIcnpIsb BbmkclnXamb amKw Ft a\pjy
ssIhnpIfXv? amXmhpw ktlmZcnbpsa hyXymkanm
sX ssewKnI _\v[ntesSpIsb kzX{amb \ne]m
Sn\nv a\pjy ]nncnsXpsImmWv? hnthN\
clnXamb ssewKnI_\v[fpsS -^-eambn, arKpm
hm amcIamb ssewKnI tcmK Fs\bmWv a\pjy
sd am{Xw {]tXyIXbmbn amdnbXv? XpSnb {]iv\v
apn ùXnIhmZw Dcwapn \npIbmWv.
a\pjysd am{Xw kz`mh khntijXbmb ]tcm]Im
tcNvOpw XymKn\pw apw hniZoIcWw \IpXn
ùXnI imkv{X apgph ]cmPbsncnpIbmWv. a\p
jysd Zbmhmbv]pw, kzPoh t]mepw aphmbn XyPn
m\p kXbpw Umhnsd ]cnWmahmZnsd hni
ZoIcWn\v hgpX. {]IrXn \nmcW knm {]Im
cw XnIpw kzmY Xm]cymbn {ianp PohPmXnI
mWv \ne\nm IqSpX IgnbpI. kzw \ am{Xam
Wv AhbpsS eyw. Cu eyamWv AhbpsS \ne\n]n\v
B[mchpw. kzw Po\pIfpsS {]Xn\n[nIsf h[nnpXn
\mbn Ah kZm t]mcmSnsmncnpp. \ne\n]n\v thn
bp kacw (struggle for existence) F Umhn\nb kmtXn
I i_vZw sImv hnhnpXv Cu t]mcmamWv. hyIvXnKX
84
t\ am{XamWv {]IrXnbnse ]nSnp\n]n\p am\ZWv

Usav Umhn hmZnpp. Atm ]nssbs\bmWv
Ppfn\nv ]cnWanpmb a\pjy\n kzmYXbm
sX asmcp kz`mhw hfphnIknpXv? Zb, ]tcm]Imc
Imw, XymKa\xkvYnXn Fnh ap arKfptSXnt\m
Xptemw IpdhmtI PohnbmWv Umhn\nb ]cnWmahmZ
{]Imcw a\pjy. kzmYXp am{XamWtm \ne\nm\p
AhImiw t\Snsbm IgnbpI. Fm, \apdnbmw,
am\knIambn hfv amemJamsctmse ]cnipcmIm\pw,
Xfv arKtfm A[x]Xnm\pw km[yXbp Htc
sbmcp PohnbmWv a\pjys\v.
a\pjysd Zbbpw IcpWbpsampw Pohimkv{Xnsd
`mjbn hniZoIcnm CXx]cyw {iasfmpw \Sn
sv CXnYan. {ia \Snpv. Cpw \SpsImn
cnpp. AXn Ghpw ]pXnbXmWv, ]cnWmahmZnsd
{]apJ hIvXmhmb kvo^ tPtKmUnsd "Umhn\p
tijw'* F ]pkvXIn AhXcnnncnpXv. Umhn
sd ]cnWmahmZn\v hgm Zb, IcpW, XymKw, ]tcm]
ImtcNvO XpSnb aqeyv ]cnWmahmZn\Ip
\npsImpXs hniZoIcWw \Im {ianp tKmUv,
{]kvXpX {ian Zb\obambn ]cmPbsSpXv {]kvXpX
]pkvXIw Hcmhn hmbnphv ImWm Ignbpw.
{]Xyn ]tcm]ImtcNv O bmbn a\nemsSp
{]h\, Pohimkv{X]cambn, Xsd hKnep
Po\pIsf h[nnphm thnbp kzmYXbmsWmWv
tKmUv \Ip hniZoIcWw. {]]nse kulrZfn
epw klIcWfnepsamw kwL\w Zin amIvknb
sshcpy`mhsbpw amXr]p{X _\v[n t]mepw ssewKn
I aqNvO Isnb t{^mbnUnb a\ximkv{X knm
sbpw t]mse Zbbnepw IcpWbnepw ]tcm] ImtcNvObnep
samw kzmYX ZinpIbmWv kvo^ sP. tKmUv sNp
Xv. Atlnsd hniZoIcWw GXmns\bmWv.
* Stephen Jay Gould: Ever since Darwin
85
"Hcmpw AbmfpsS ktlmZc\pw BsI Po\pIfpsS ]IpXn

s]mXphmbn ImWm km[yXbpv. AYhm, \nfpsS Hcp
Po \nfpsS ktlmZc\n ImWm\p km[yX 1/2 BWv.
\n \nfpsS aqp ktlmZctfmsSmw bm{X sNpp,
Hcp cmk \nsfsbmw sImm\mbn ]mSppXv
\n am{Xw ImWpp. \nv cp amK kzoIcn
mw. Hv, Aedn hnfnv ktlmZcv apdnbnv \In
smv cmksd t\sc sNv, cmk \nsf Xnp
kabw sImv ktlmZcsf csSm\\phZnpI. cv,
\n thKw HmSnsbmfnv \nfpsS ktlmZcsf cmk
XnpXv ImWpI. CXn Hmas amKamWv \n
kzoIcnpI. ImcWw, \nfpsS aqp ktlmZc \nfp
sS Po\pIfnse Hc `mKs {]Xn\n[oIcnppv. kzw
Po\pIsf 100 iXam\w {]Ncnnm \n Pohnncnp
Xnepw \Xv 150 iXam\w {]Ncnnm Ignbp aqv
ktlmZc PohnncnpIbmWv. As\, {]Xyambn
]tcm]Imcamb \nfpsS {]hrn Pohimkv{X]camb kzm
YXbmWv.'' Ccnep P\nXI kzmYXv H\h[n
DZmlcW tX\obn\npw apambn tKmUv Dcnp
pv.
XymKnsd "P\nXI kzmYXm hniZoIcWw' shdpw hni
ZoIcWn\pthnbp hniZoIcWamsWv a\nem
m Gsd {]bmkan. GsXnepw Xm]cyp thn
Xsd ktlmZco ktlmZcmsc, apgph sImsmSpp
"bYmY kzmYX'v Fs\bmWv Cu P\nXI hniZoIWw
]mIamIpIsbdnbm IuXpIapv. ]t, tKmUv ]pkvX
In B `mKw a\pjysd arKob `mhsfpdn hniZo
IcWw Xosc hnpIfncnpIbmWv. Xm\nNvOnp
s]ns\ t\SnsbSpm thn kzktlmZcfbpw amXm
]nXmsfbpw shn\pdpm Xbmdmb aIs\ \apdnbmw.
Abm sNbvXXv kzw Po\pIsf 250 iXam\w {]Ncnnphm
\p km[yXsb \innpIbpw \qdp iXam\w {]Ncnnm
\p km[yXsb \ne\npIbpamWv. kzw Poh shSn
86
pw asmcmsf Xopw A\y\mb Hcps\cnm

]ecpw \Snb [ocIrXyp P\nXI hniZoIcWsa
mWv? \mSnsd kzmX{yn\pw BZinsd \ne\n]n
\p thn kacw sNbvXv acn, acnpsImncnp Bbnc
fpsS XymKn\v FpXcw P\nXI hniZoIcWamWv \Ip
I? aqeyfpsS D]nbn Hcp ssZhnIamb t{kmXv
I]npXn\nv csSm tKmUv \Sp {iaw,
AXyw timN\obamb hn[n Ayizmkw henp
ImgvNbmWv \m-anhnsS ImWpXv.
kn.hn. cmasd `mjbn ]dm "{]IrXnsb kmm
XvIcnm thn AnXamb a\pjysd kucymXvaI
[afpsSbpw _unI [afpsSbpw kwtbmPnX cq]a
t{X imkv{Xw. AXpsImpXs AXv kKmXvaIXbpsS
Ghpw DXamb cq]hpamWv'.* Iesbbpw kmlnXysbpw
t]mseXs imkv{Xhpw kKmXvaIamWv. Ie Iepthn
bpw kmlnXyw kmlnXyn\pthnbpw AmXpt]mse,
imkv{Xhpw imkv{Xn\pthnb. imkv{Xw a\pjy\p
thnbmWv. a\pjysd \bmWv IebpsSbpw kmlnXy
nsdbpw AXpt]mseXs imkv{Xnsdbpw eyw.
imkv { Xw a\pjy\pthnbmWv ; a\pjy imkv { Xn\p
thnb. As\ BbnqSm-. a\pjyXs imkv{Xn\p
thnbmWv F hnizmkw hfp coXnbnep
{]h\fn km{amPyiIv X nI GstmgmWv
a\pjykvt\lnIfmb Nnev imkv{Xss \ntj[n
pIbpw AXnsd hf XSbWsav BhiysSpIbpw
sNtnhXv. Ajojv \nbpsS "imkv{Xw; A[oiXzw;
A{Iaw' F teJ\ kamlmcnse {]uVamb Ggp
{]_\v[fpw Cu cq]n imkv{Xs \ntj[npIbmWv
sNpXv. Ggp {]_\v[ ImfpsSbpw imkv{X\n-tj-[n\v \nZm\amb ImcW, Ajojv \n Xsd BapJ
n hyIvXamppv. "imkv{Xnsdbpw hnIk\n
sdbpw t]cn Cv Hcmv km[mcW ]ucsd ASp
* hn-Pv-Rm-\ ssIcfn: 1989 s^{_p-hcn.
87
\nv- h tXmXnep XymK BhiysSmw. òaamb ZpcnX

ASnt]npIbpw sNmw.'*
"`cWIqSn\pw AXnsd hnhn[ Ahbhpw imkv
{Xnsd t]cn sImmw, AwK`wKw hcpmw, NqjWw
sNmw. imkv{Xn\v AXnsd kzw Bhiypthn,
kzw sImSnogn cmPycbpsSbpw hnIk\nsdbpw
t]cn A{Iaw \Smw.'** imkv{Xnsd Zpcp]tbmK
hcpImWnpsImv imkv{XsXs XyPnm\mhiysSp
IbmWv teJ\Imf[nIhpw sNpXv. \nbpsSbpw
IqcpsSbpw hnebncpepI AwKoIcnpsImpXs
imkv { Xs kqWambn \ntj[np {]hWXsb
hnainmXncnm h. imkv{Xnsd Zpcp]tbmKs
XSbmth Imcyft\zjnv IspIbpw {]tbmKnpI
bpw sNpIsb krjvSn]camb ]cnlmc \ntZiamsX,
imkv { XIp]nSp- sf achnnpIsb Bibw
BXvalXym]camsW Imcyn kwiban.
imkv{Xw, Ie, kmlnXyw, cmjv{Sobw, IpSpw_PohnXw,
hyIvXnPohnXw XpSn Fm cwKpw \n_\v[ambpw ]men
stS Nne \nba\ntZifmhiyamWv. a\pjy \nanXamb
\nbahyhkvYnXnIv Hcnepw imizXhpw kvJenXclnX
hpambn \ne\nm Ignbnsv \mw Ip. Atm ssZh
n\v am{Xta a\pjy kmaqlnIhpw sshbIvXnIhpamb
kIe aWv U efnepw ]ment \nba\ntZi
\Im Ignbq.
ssZhw {]hmNImcneqsS am\hcminp ]TnnpsImSp
Xv CXmWv. CXn\mWv aXsav ]dbpXv. PohnXnsd
kIe aWvUefnepw ]menstS hn[nhnepIfmWv
"aXw'. AmsX GXm\pw Nne a{tfm X{tfm am{Xa.
"aXw' a\pjys\ ]cnhnnm\pXmWv. arKobamb
tNmZ\fn\nv apIv X n \In kwipamb PohnX
coXnbntev \bnpIbmWv aXnsd eyw. AXpsImp
*- -Ashish Nandy: Science, Hegemonoy and Violence. Page: 1.
** ibid-page: 10.
88
Xs PohnXnsd GsXnepw cwKs aXapIvXamm

Hcp hnizmknp Ignbn. cmjv{Sobhpw imkv{Xhpw Iebpw
kmlnXyhpsapth, Xm _\v[sSp kIe taJeI
fnepw aXnsd amK\ntZi ]mentXv hnizmknbp
sS ISabmWv. Bcm[\mebfnepw P]ameIfnepw am{Xw aX
s HXppIsb atXXcXz(secular) k]n\v {]mtbm
KnIam\w \Inb ]mivNmXy ]uckvXy P\XbpsS A[x]X
\nsd {][m\ ImcWw AhcpsS Cu knmwXsbmWv.
imkv{XtemIp aqeycmlnXynsd ImcWhpw asm
. cmhpw ]Iepw Xs honp sImncnp,- a\nep
Xpw adpshsXpsamw kqvaambn Adnbp Hcph\n-ep hnizmkw \intm Fpw sNmsa AhkvYbp
mbn. imkv{XtemIttm kmlnXyIemkmwkvImcnI
cmjv{Sob cwKfntetm aXw ISphcpXns\ skIype
ASpsImv iIvXambn ]qn. `qanbn sNp sXpIs
mw Atm Xs amp \Im Ignbp ]cnipmXva
{]tNmZnXcmb ssZhZmfpamcpw Ipkmchpw krjvSn aXw,
ssZhn\v ]nbn am{XamWv ]Wnsbpw kokdpsSbpw
imkv{XPvRsdbpw taJeIfn ssZhn\v {]kIvXnbns
pap [mcW hfn.
aXamWv aqeysf krjvSnpXv. aqeyt_m[anm
imkv { XamWv {]iv \ ]SpXv . AXpsImpXs
imkv{XtemIv- aXn\v Fspw {]kIvXnbpv. imkv{X
temIs, FhnsSbpw a\pjys\ ]Sm aXnt\
Ignbq. aXapIvXamb cmjv{Sobsbpw Iesbbpw kmlnXy
sbpw t]mseXs, aXapIvXamb imkv{Xhpw A]ISIm
cnbmWv. ]t, Cu bmYmYyw a\nemm Zmi\nI
mcn ]epw Ignbpn. d FgpXn. "aXhnizmkw
XnIpw hyIvXnKXambncnpIbpw imkv{Xn\v sXmsWv
sXfnbnm Ignbp A`n{]mb Xdnv ]dbmXncn
pIbpw sNbvXm ISp imkv{XbpKn t]mepw aX
n\v \ne\nm Ignbpw.'* aXhnizmkw hyIvXnKXamp
*- Bertrand Russel: Religion and Science. Page: 9.
89
IbmWv Chsmamhiyw. "aXs Bcm[\mebfn

HXppI'sbXmWtm Cs Ghpw iIvXamb ap{Zmhm
Iyfnsemv. Cu "HXp' BWv Cv imkv{X temIpw
apw A\p`hsSp aqeyNypXnbpsS {][m\s-- ImcWw.
Pohnp aXsbmWv Fmhcpw `bsSpXv, acn aX
sb. a\pjysd PohnXs kaqeambn ]cnhnn
p aXamWv Pohnp aXwsImv hnhnpXv .
ssZhnI amZi\fpsmp APhpw A\yq\hpamb
aXn\v am{Xta am\hcminsb C`napJoIcnp {]Xn
k\v[nIfn\nv cnm Ignbq.
aXnse AXv`pX hnizmk imkv{Xnsd hniZo
IcWn\v hgpnsXmWv aXns\Xnsc Nnecpbn
p hnai\w. tbip{InkvXp I\yIv P\nh\msW
hnizmkw imkv{Xn\v \ncmXmsWv- s{-Ûvtlmbn"a\pjy\pw ùXnIhmZhpw'* F Xsd {K\vYn ]dbpp
v. Ccw AXv`pXfpsS {]tXyIXXs Ah imkv{Xn
sd hniZoIcWnXoXamsWXmWv-. Ahsb hniZoI
cnm imkv { Xn\v Ignbn. Ah ssZhnI{]h\
fmWv. tamsi {]hmNI hSnsImSnv kap{Zs cmbn
]nfnsb Imcyw kap{Zimkv{Xnsdtbm atsXnepw
imkv { XimJbpsStbm ASnkv Y m\n hniZoIcnpI
km[ya. Ah Aam\pjn-I {]h\fmWv. ssZhn\pam
{Xw Ignbp Imcy!- {]hmNIXzn\p ZrjvSmambn
AhXcnnsSp {]hrnI! Ah hniZoIcnnsn
aXn\v {]kIvXnbns hmZw ipt`mjvImWv.
app {]hmNImcpsS apgph Aam\pjnI ZrjvSm
AhcpsS AytmsS Ahkm\np. Ay{]hmNI\p
\Inb Aam\pjnI ZrjvSmw Cpw \ne\npp. kvJen
XclnXambn, {]amZapIvXambn, APambn Ign ]Xn\mep
\qmntesdmeambn imkv{XkmtXnI sshPvRm\nI
aptv apn Hscm sXpt]mepw ]msX \ne\n
p GI{K\vYw, ssZhnIamsWXn\v apsXfnhpIsf
* Fred Hoyle: Man and Materialism-P-152
90
n\mWv ? B {K\v Y nteXpt]mep Hc[ymbsanepw

sImphcm\p shphnfnpapn kmlnXytemIw Dcw
apn \npp. hnip JpBam\hcminv amKZi\w
\Ip, ]qWambpw ssZhnIsav kzbw AhImisSp
GI{K\vYw B {K\vYw ]Tnphm {ianpIAX\pkcnv
PohnpI. AXpam{XamWv Cl]c hnPbn\p amKw.
"\nivNbambpw Cu JpB Ghpw sNmmbXntev amK
Zi\w \Ipp. kIa {]hnp kXyhnizm
knIv hepXmb {]Xnêapsv Ahsc ktmjhm
AdnbnpIbpw sNpp. ]ctemIn hnizknm
hmIs, Ahv \mw thZ\tbdnb in Hcpnshncn
ppshpw' (hnip JpB 17:9,10).
Iq-Sp-X-e-dn-b-m-:U-b-d-Iv-S\n-v- Hm-^v- {Sq-vI-em-`h- tdm-UvsIm-n- 682 018

t^m-:- 0484 2367810,- 2352421
^-m-Iv-kv-:- 0484 2380746
Website: www.nicheoftruth.org
E-mail: islam@nicheoftruth.org

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im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-

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im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-

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imkv{X knmfpsS A{]amZnXzw

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im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-

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im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-

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im-kv-{Xw- a-Xw- a-\p-jy-

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