Integrative Case 1

-Merit Enterprise
Corp.-

Aiacoboaie Ciprian
Ilies Ramona Madalina
Popovici Livia Ioana
BA, GR1

a) Discuss the pros and cons of option 1, and prioritize your thoughts. What are the most
positive aspects of this option, and what are the biggest drawbacks?
The first option Sara Lehn considers when asked to raise the $4 billion needed for
the dramatic expansion planned by the CEO, is borrowing the money from JPMorgan
Chase, a bank they have previously made business with. One problem could be that
this time the amount is much bigger comparing to the seasonal credit lines and
medium term loans made before.
One important drawback of borrowing from banks is the covenant that banks
impose on companies to which they lent money. Covenants are rules placed on debt
that are designed to stabilize corporate performance and reduce the risk a bank is
exposed when giving a large amount of money to a company. Examples of
covenants may be: cannot issue any more debt until the loan is completely paid off;
cannot participate in any share offerings until the loan is paid off, etc. covenants
can be very straightforward and sometimes difficult to deal with.
Another drawback is that the company will have to pay interest annually plus the
repayment of the principle.
The most positive aspect of this option is that debts can often work as tax shields.
Interest paid on debt is a tax-deductible expense, so the company could save some
money by financing with debt instead of going public. The investment the company
wants to make is big and the interest will also be pretty big. Therefore, the
deduction in taxes will also be pretty high, saving the company from paying so
much money.
Another positive aspect is that the company will not have to search in many places
to find investors. It will only go to the bank, and the employees working there will
take care to raise the money needed and give it to the company. So, the company
will not have to contact third parties that may even be risky and jeopardize the
plans of the firm.

b) Do the same for option 2.

Saras second option is to transform the company in a public one. The positive
aspects of this option are that Merit Enterprise had an excellent financial
performance in the last years so probably many powerful investors will be
interested to buy the stock and the stock could command a high price on the
market.
The second positive aspect is that for the first time the company offer to employees
a compensation in stock or stock options.

Another advantage is that going public generates publicity and increases awareness
of the company and attracts new customers.
Stock Value Appreciation If your public company performs well, the value its stock
tends to increase. This is one of the foremost reasons to Go Public, the future value
of the company stock.
Retain Control - In most cases, Venture Capital investors will want to appoint
someone on their team as a member of the board of directors. Moreover, they
usually want to have more than half of the ownership and/or voting rights. Through
the public equities market, or going public, you can maintain control.
Liquid Equity - When you take your company public, your shares can be used as or
turned into cash, for paying debts, acquiring another business, etc.
Control Risk - If you ever feel that your shares will drop in price, you could sell them.
Naturally, proper public disclosures are required. Publicly traded shares are much
easier to sell quickly than are privately held ones.
The biggest drawbacks in this case are extensive disclosure requirements for
investors and the problem that on the secondary market any kind of individuals or
institutions might wind up holding a large chunk of Merit stock.
Public companies also are faced with the added pressure of the market which may
cause them to focus more on short-term results rather than long-term growth. The
actions of the company's management also become increasingly scrutinized as
investors constantly look for rising profits. This may lead management to perform
somewhat questionable practices in order to boost earnings.

c) Which option do you think Sara should recommend to the board and why?
I think Sara should recommend option 2 to the board; as the company is on a
growth trajectory there could be continuous demand for funds which cannot be met
by retained earnings and debt alone, therefore keeping the future in perspective
equity issue will be a good decision.
The final objective of any company is to improve performance, growth and
shareholder wealth which can be met by growing in size unless these objectives are
replaced by management control as a private company will have a growth limited
by the funds available for investment.
Though cost of equity is high there are no fixed financial payments linked to it.
Even though Merit will require larger financial and other disclosures, this will only
bring in more transparency and better corporate governance in the company.

Though both equity and debt have their pros and cons, an equity issue also
increases the debt capacity of the firm as the firm can resort to higher debt in
future.
Today we are in a global market competing not just with local peers but also
internationals, therefore going public gives better visibility, brand image, larger
investor base and recognition.