N TP CHNG 1

I.

PHN T LUN

Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe v Au 20 , bit nhit ny, khi lng ring ca

Fe v Au ln lt l 7,87 g/cm3 v 19,32 g/cm3. Gi thit trong tinh th, nguyn t st hay vng l
nhng khi cu chim 75% th tch tinh th. Cho nguyn t khi Fe l 55,85 v Au l 196,97u; ly
gi tr NA = 6,02.1023 v = 3,14.
2. Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol ca nguyn t Fe ln lt l 1,28 v 56 g/mol. Bit rng
trong tinh th Fe ch chim 74% v th tch, cn li l phn rng. Ly NA = 6,023.1023 v = 3,14.
Tnh khi lng ring ca Fe.
3. Hp cht c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. trong ht nhn M c s ntron
nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X c s proton bng vi s ntron. Tng s proton
trong MX2 l 58. Xc nh s khi v k hiu ha hc ca M v X. Cho bit cng thc MX2.
4. Tng s ht c bn trong phn t MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht c bn trong ! ! nhiu
hn trong M2+ l 16. Xc nh cng thc MX3.
II.
PHN TRC NGHIM
1.

Cu 1. Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn:

A. electron, proton v ntron

B. electron v ntron

C. proton v ntron

D. electron v proton

Cu 2. Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng

A. S proton v in tch ht nhn

B. S proton v s electron

C. S khi A v s ntron

D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn

Cu 3. Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:

A. C cng s khi A

B. C cng s proton

C. C cng s ntron

D. C cng s proton v s ntron

Cu 4. iu khng nh no sau y l sai?

A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5. Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l p, n, e.
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6. Mnh no sau y khng ng?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t.
(2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron.
(4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4
Cu 7. Chn cu pht biu sai:

B. 1 v 3

C. 4

D. 3

1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s proton = s electron = s hiu nguyn t.

2. Tng s proton v s electron trong mt ht nhn gi l s khi.
3. S proton = in tch ht nhn.
4. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron
A. 2,4

B. 1, 2

Cu 8. Cho ba nguyn t c k hiu l

C. 3,4

!"
!"
!"! !; !"

!; !"
!"! !. Pht biu no sau y l sai ?

A. S ht electron ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 12, 13, 14

C. Ba nguyn t trn u thuc nguyn t Mg.

D. 2, 3
B. y l 3 ng v.

D. Ht nhn ca mi nguyn t u c 12 proton.

Cu 9. Nguyn t !"
!"!! c :
A. 13p, 13e, 14n.

B. 13p, 14e, 14n.

Cu 10. Nguyn t canxi c k hiu l

!"
!"! !

C. 13p, 14e, 13n.

D. 14p, 14e, 13n.

. Pht biu no sau y sai?

A. Nguyn t Ca c 2 electron lp ngoi cng.

B. S hiu nguyn t ca Ca l 20.

C. Canxi c in tch ht nhn l 20.

D. Tng s ht c bn ca canxi l 60.

Cu 11. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 40. Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht

khng mang in l 12 ht .Nguyn t X c s khi l
A. 27

B. 26

C.28

D. 23

Cu 12. Trong nguyn t mt nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht l 58. Bit s ht p t hn s ht n l 1

ht. K hiu ca A l
A. !"
!"!

B. !"
!"!

!"
C. !"
!

D. !"
!"!

Cu 13. Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 155 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht

khng mang in l 33 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 119

B. 113

C. 112

D. 108

Cu 14. Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 82 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht

khng mang in l 22 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 57

B. 56

C. 55

D. 65

Cu 15. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu to bi 36 ht .Trong ht nhn, ht mang in bng s ht

khng mang in.
1/ S n v in tch ht nhn Z l:

A. 10

B. 11

C. 12

D.15

2/ S khi A ca ht nhn l:

A. 23

B. 24

C. 25

D. 27

Cu 16. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 49, trong s ht khng mang in bng

53,125% s ht mang in. S n v in tch ht nhn ca X l:
A. 18

B. 17

C. 15

D. 16

Cu 17. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t c tng s ht l 122. S ht mang in trong nhn t hn s ht

khng mang in l 11 ht. S khi ca nguyn t trn l:
A. 122

B. 96

C. 85

D. 74

Cu 18. Nguyn t X c tng s ht p,n,e l 52 v s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca X l

A.17

B.18

C.34

D. 52

Cu 19. Nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e l 28 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l

A. !"!!

B. !"!!

C.! !"!!

D. !"!!

Cu 20. Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t mt nguyn t l 13. S khi ca nguyn t nguyn t l:

A. 9

B.10

C.11

D. 13

Cu 21. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht c bn l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht

khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn
t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M2X l:
A. K2O

B. Rb2O

C. Na2O

D. Li2O

Cu 22. Trong phn t MX2 c tng s ht c bn l 164 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 52 ht. S ht mang in trong ht nhn nguyn t M nhiu hn s ht mang in
trong ht nhn nguyn t X l 3 ht. S hiu nguyn t ca M l:
A. 12

B. 20

C. 26

D. 9

Cu 23. Oxit Y c cng thc M2O. Tng s ht c bn trong Y l 92, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 28. Y l:
A. K2O

B. Na2O

C. Cl2O

D. N2O

Cu 24. Ba nguyn t X, Y, R c tng s in tch ht nhn bng 16. Hiu in tch ht nhn ca X v Y
l 1. Tng s electron trong ion X3Y- l 32. X, Y v R ln lt l
A. C, H, F

B. O, H, H

C. N, C, He

D. O, S, H

Cu 25. Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn t sau, dy no ch cng mt nguyn t ha hc:

A. !"!!, !"!!

B. !"!!, !"! , !"!!

!"
C. !"
!"! , !"!

!!
D. !"
!"! , !!!

Cu 26. Oxi c 3 ng v !"!!, !"!!, !"!!. S kiu phn t O2 c th to thnh l:

A. 3

B. 9
1

C. 8
2

D. 6
16

17

18

Cu 27. Trong t nhin H c 3 ng v: H, H, H. Oxi c 3 ng v O, O, O. Hi c bao nhiu loi

phn t H2O c to thnh t cc loi ng v trn:
A. 3

B. 16

C. 18

D. 9

Cu 28. Nit trong thin nhin l hn hp gm hai ng v l !"!! (99,63%) v !"!! (0,37%).
a. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nit l
A. 14,070

B. 14,004

C. 14,400

D. 13,700

15

b. S nguyn t ng v N c trong 224 ml NO2 (ktc) l (NA = 6,02.1023)

A. 2,23.1021

B. 6.1021

C. 6,02.1021

D. 2,23.1019

!"
Cu 29. Nguyn t Cu c hai ng v bn l !"
!"! ! v !"! ! . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54.
!"
T l % s nguyn t mi ng v !"
!"! !, !"! ! ln lt l

A. 70% v 30%

B. 27% v 73%

C. 73% v 27%

D. 64% v 36 %

Cu 30. Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c 2 ng v bn, trong ng v
79
Br chim 54,5%. Khi lng nguyn t ca ng v th 2 s l:
A. 77

B. 78
11

C. 80

D. 81

10

Cu 31. Nguyn t Bo c 2 ng v B (x1 %) v B (x2 %), nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,8.
Gi tr ca x1 l:
A. 80%
B. 20%
C. 10,8%
D. 89,2%
35
37
Cu 32. Nguyn t clo trong t nhin l hn hp ca hai ng v Cl (75%) v Cl. Thnh phn % v
khi lng ca 37Cl trong kali clorat (KClO3) l (cho K: 39, O: 16)
A. 28,98%

B. 7,24%

C. 25,60%

D. 7,55%

Cu 33. Mt nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t Z =19. S lp electron trong nguyn t X l

A. 4

B. 5

C. 3

D. 6

Cu 34. Electron thuc lp no sau y lin kt vi ht nhn cht ch nht?

A. Lp K

B. Lp L

C. Lp M

D. Lp L
2

Cu 35. Nguyn t ca nguyn t nhm c 13e v cu hnh electron l 1s 2s 2p 3s23p1. Kt lun no sau
y ng ?

A. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 3e.

B. Lp electron ngoi cng ca nhm c 1e.

C. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 3e.

D. Lp L (lp th 2) ca nhm c 6e.

Cu 36. Nguyn t nguyn t X c cu hnh electron xy dng n phn lp 3d2. S electron ca

nguyn t nguyn t X l:
A. 18

B. 22

C. 24

D. 20

Cu 37. trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t c s hiu bng 7 c my electron c thn?
A. 3

B. 5

C. 2

D. 1

Cu 38. Nguyn t nguyn t X c Z = 17. X c s electron trng thi c bn l:

A. 3

B. 2

C. 1

D. 5

Cu 39. Mc nng lng ca cc electron trn cc phn lp s, p, d thuc cng mt lp c xp theo th

t :
A. d < s < p.
B. p < s < d.
C. s < p < d.
D. s < d < p.
Cu 40. Cc nguyn t c Z 20, tho mn iu kin c 2e c thn lp ngoi cng l
A. Ca, Mg, Na, K

B. Ca, Mg, C, Si

C. C, Si, O, S

D. O, S, Cl, F

Cu 41. Nguyn t M c cu hnh electron ca phn mc nng lng cao nht l 3d7. Tng s electron
ca nguyn t M l:
A. 24
B. 25
C. 27
D. 29
3
Cu 42. Cu hnh ca phn mc nng lng cao nht nguyn t M l 3d . S electron ha tr ca M l
A. 3

B. 2

C. 5

D.4

Cu 43. Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng l

6. Cho bit X l nguyn t ho hc no sau y?
A. Oxi (Z = 8)

B. Lu hunh (Z = 16)

C. Flo (Z = 9)

D. Clo (Z = 17)

Cu 44. Mt nguyn t X c tng s e cc phn lp p l 11. Hy cho bit X thuc v nguyn t ho hc

no sau y?
A. nguyn t s.

B. nguyn t p.

C. nguyn t d.

D. nguyn t f.

Cu 45. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn

t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:
A. Al v Br

B. Al v Cl

C. Mg v Cl

D. Si v Br.

Cu 46. Nguyn t nguyn t Y c tng s ht c bn l 52, trong s ht khng mang in trong ht

nhn ln gp 1,059 ln s ht mang in dng. Kt lun khng ng l
A. Y c s khi l 35.
C. Y l phi kim.

B. trng thi c bn, Y c 3e c thn.

D. in tch ht nhn ca Y l 17+.

Cu 47. Mt nguyn t c Z = 14 th s c c im:

A. S electron ha tr l 4.

B. S electron c thn l 2.

C. S electron lp ngoi cng l 2.

D. A, B u ng.

Cu 48. Ion X c 18e v 16p. Ion X mang in tch l:

A. 2+

B. 18-

C. 16+

D. 2-

Cu 49. Cho bit st c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion Fe2+ l:
A. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2

B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d6

C. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d44s2

D. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d4

Cu 50. Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca ion Cu+

A. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d94s1.

B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d10.

C. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d9.

D. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d104s1

Cu 51. Cu2+ c cu hnh electron l:

A. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d94s2

B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d104s1

C. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d9

D. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d8

Cu 52. Cation R+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R
l
A.1s2 2s22p5
B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s2
C.1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1
D.1s2 2s22p6 3s1
Cu 53. Cu hnh e ca ion Mn2+ l : 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d5. Cu hnh e ca Mn l :
A.1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d7

C. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d54s2

B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s24p5

D. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d34s24p2

Cu 54. Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d5. Vy cu hnh electron ca M l
A. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s23d8

B. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d64s2

C. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d8

D. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d54s24p1

Cu 55. Ion X2- v M3+ u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p6. X, M l nhng nguyn t no sau y ?
A. F, Ca

B. O, Al

C. S, Al

D. O, Mg

Cu 56. Dy gm nguyn t X, cc ion R2+ v ! ! u c cu hnh electron : 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 l:

A. Ne, Mg2+, ! !

B. Ar, Mg2+, ! !

C. Ne, Ca2+, Cl!

D. Ar, Ca2+, Cl!

Cu 57. Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t X: 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4 ; Y: 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2;
Z: 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6. Nguyn t no l kim loi?
A. X

B. Y

C. Z

D. X v Y

Cu 58. Cho cc nguyn t c s hiu tng ng l X (Z1 = 11), Y (Z2 = 14), Z (Z3 = 17), T (Z4 = 20), R
(Z5 = 10). Cc nguyn t l kim loi gm :
A. Y, Z, T.

B. Y, T, R.

C. X, Y, T.

D. X, T.

Cu 59. Vi ht no c s proton nhiu hn s electron?

A. Nguyn t Na

C. Ion Cl!

B. Nguyn t S

D. Ion K+

Cu 60. Nguyn t M c 2 lp electron v c 3 electron lp ngoi cng. M l:

A. Kim loi hoc phi kim

B. Kh him

C. Kim loi

D. Phi kim

C. Kim loi

D. Phi kim

Cu 61. Nguyn t M c 4 lp electron v c 6e c thn. M l:

A. Kim loi hoc phi kim

B. Kh him

Cu 62. Cu trc electron no sau y l ca phi kim:

(1). 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4.

(4). [Ar] 3d54s1.

(2). 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d24s2.

(5). [Ne] 3s23p3.

(3). 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d104s24p3.

(6). [Ar] 4s2.

A. (1), (2), (3).

B. (1), (3), (5).

C. (2), (3), (4).

D. (2), (4), (6).

Cu 63. Cho cc cu hnh electron sau:

a. 1s2 2s1.

b. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s1.

c. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p1

d. 1s2 2s22p4.

e. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d44s2

f. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d54s2

g. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p5.

h. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 3d104s24p5

i. 1s2 2s22p6 3s23p4

j. 1s2 2s22p6 3s1.

k. 1s2 2s22p3.

l. 1s2.

a) Cc nguyn t c tnh cht phi kim gm:

A. (c, d, f, g, k)

B. (d, f, g, j, k)

C. (d, g, h, k )

D. (d, g, h, i, k).

C. (a, b, c, e, f, j)

D. (a, b, c, j, l).

b) Cc nguyn t c tnh kim loi gm:

A. (a, b, e, f, j).

B. (a, f, j, l)

!"
!"
Cu 64. Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t !"
!"! , !"!" , !"! :

A. X v Z cng s khi.

B. X v Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc.

C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc.

D. X v Y c cng s ntron.

3+

Cu 65. Mt ion M c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn
khng mang in l 19 ht. Cu hnh e ca M l:
A. [Ar] 3d3 4s2.

B. [Ar] 3d6 4s2.

C. [Ar] 3d6 4s1

D. [Ar] 3d5 4s1.

Cu 66. Cation M2+ c tng s ht l 58 trong ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l

20. Cu hnh electron ca M2+ l:
A. [Ne] 4s2

B. [Ar] 3d10 4s2

C. [Ar] 4s2

D. [Ne] 3s2 3p6

Cu 67. Cu hnh ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l:

A. [Ar] 3d9 v [Ar] 3d14s2.

B. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3.

C. [Ar] 3d9 v [Ar] 3d3.

D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2.

Cu 68. Mt kim loi M c s khi l 54. Tng s ht trong M2+ l 78. K hiu ha hc ca M l:
A. !"
!"!

B. !"
!"!

C. !"
!"!

D. !"
!"!

Cu 69. Tng s ht mang in trong ion !!!!! l 97. S ht mang in trong nguyn t A nhiu hn s
ht mang in trong ht nhn nguyn t B l 22. S hiu nguyn t A, B ln lt l:
A. 16 v 7

B. 7 v 16

C. 15 v 8

D. 8 v 15

----------------^.^----------------

P N
I.
1.
2.

Phn t lun
Fe: 1,28 (0,128 nm) v 1,45 !(0,145!!").
D = 7,84 g/cm3.

II.
Cu$
1"
2"
3"
4"
5"
6"
7"
8"
9"
10"

3.
4.

FeS2.
AlCl3.

Phn trc nghim

.A$
C"
D"
B"
A"
B"
A"
D"
A"
A"
C"

Cu$
11"
12"
13"
14"
15"
16"
17"
18"
19"
20"

.A$
A"
B"
D"
B"
C,"B"
D"
C"
A"
B"
A"

Cu$
21"
22"
23"
24"
25"
26"
27"
28"
29"
30"

.A$
A"
B"
B"
B"
B"
D"
C"
B,"D"
C"
D"

Cu$
31"
32"
33"
34"
35"
36"
37"
38"
39"
40"

.A$
A"
D"
C"
A"
A"
B"
A"
C"
C"
C"

Cu$
41"
42"
43"
44"
45"
46"
47"
48"
49"
50"

.A$
C"
C"
B"
B"
B"
B"
D"
D"
B"
B"

Cu$
51"
52"
53"
54"
55"
56"
57"
58"
59"
60"

.A$
C"
D"
C"
B"
B"
D"
B"
D"
D"
C"

Cu$
61"
62"
63"
64"
65"
66"
67"
68"
69"
"

.A$
C"
B"
D,"C"
A"
B"
D"
C"
C"
C"
"