Fluid Properties

Manish K Choudhary
Shell Technology India

Background

Fluid properties effect
Reservoir flow

Well Flow

Surface facilities design

Fluid properties dependent on

Pressure
Temperature
Composition

Fluid PVT analysis

Methodology of analysis

3-2

Reservoir Fluid System

3-3

Key PVT Properties

Formation Volume Factor

Reservoir Volume occupied by unit surface volume

Bo,g,w

Dissolved Gas Oil Ratio

Volume of surface gas dissolved in unit surface liquid volume

Rs

Viscosity

Resistance of fluid to shear which retards flow

Density

Mass per unit volume. Controls gravity segregation

Compressibility

Change in fluid volume per unit volume per unit pressure

Bubble Point Pressure

Saturation pressure in oil reservoir where gas first comes out

Pbp

Dew Point Pressure

Saturation pressure in gas reservoir where liquid first condenses

Pdp
3-4

Gas

Dry Gas
Composition is key, Properties also derived from Gas gravity (g)

All properties derived from composition

Gas gravity Always related to air
Typically, only reservoir gas rich in CO2 or H2S have g > 1.0

Wet Gas

Gas exists as vapor phase in reservoir

Liquid separate at surface only;
Composition is very important
Proper sample collection / re mixing required

Addnl properties 2 phase Z factor, Liquid content

3-5

Oil

API Gravity

Only an indicator, other factors may be important

Generation of properties

Correlations

PVT analysis not available, May not be reliable

Require : oAPI, GOR/Rsi, T, Separator T, P, g

Some Correlations Standing, Glaso, Vasquez Beggs etc

Download - http://www.mhausa.com/software.html

PVT analysis

Sample collection and detailed analysis

Need to discriminate correct PVT analysis among differing test
3-6

Water

Important

Density Affect gravity segregation

Compressibility Influence aquifer support (~0.000003), Different for CO2
Viscosity Mobility ratio in water floods
Composition Scaling and Tracking

Less Important

Formation Volume factor ~ 1.03

Dissolved gas water ratio, Important where CO2 exists

Salinity Properties defined on salinity

Water correlations are very good

Water Contracts with increased P, Expands with increased T

3-7

Exercise

Exercise 3-1

RFT Analysis
Evaluate Fluid Density and Contacts

Exercise 3-2

PVT Properties
Generate PVT properties for Oil, Gas & Water

3-8