H thng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS)

H thng vin thng di ng

ton cu (UMTS)
Bi:
L Vn Tm

Lch s
Ngay t u nhng nm 90 ca th k 20, Hip hi Tiu chun Vin thng chu u
(ETSI) bt u trng cu phng n k thut ca tiu chun3G v vi vng gi
chung k thut 3G l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems) c ngha
l cc h thng thng tin di ng a nng. CDMA bng rng (WCDMA) ch l mt
trong cc phng n c khuyn ngh (bng rng ln ti 5MHz).
Sau s tham gia tch cc ca Nht Bn vo vic xy dng cc tiu chun ny thc
y nhanh chng s pht trin ca cng ngh3G trn phm vi ton cu. Nm 1998, chu
u v Nht t c s nht tr v nhng tham s ch cht ca Khuyn ngh CDMA
bng rng v a n tr thnh phng n k thut dng giao din khng gian FDD
(ghp tn s song cng - Frequency Division Duplex) trong h thng UMTS. V t
phng n k thut ny c gi l WCDMA nu r s khc bit vi tiu chun
CDMA bng hp ca M (bng rng ch c 1,25 MHz).
Tip tc pht trin mt cch logic, UMTS tr thnh mt trong nhng tiu chun 3G ca
t chc tiu chun ho th gii 3GPP (T chc nhng ngi bn hp tc v 3G) v
khng ch nh ngha giao din khng gian; ch th ca n bao gm cc khuyn ngh
v cc giao din v mt lot cc quy phm k thut v cc mch kt ni v mch phn
nhm nng ct caCDMA.
UMTS l vit tt ca Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. UMTS l mng di
ng th h th 3 (3G) s dng k thut tri ph W(wideband)-CDMA. UMTS c
chun ha bi t chc 3GPP. UMTS i khi cn c gi l 3GSM ch kh nng
"interoperability" gia GSM v UMTS. UMTS c pht trin ln t cc nc s dng
GSM. UMTS s dng bng tng khc vi GSM.

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H thng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS)

c trng
UMTS, dng cng ngh CDMA bng rng WCDMA, h tr tc truyn d liu ln
n 21Mbps (v l thuyt, vi chun HSPDA). Thc t, hin nay, ti ng xung, tc
ny ch c th t 384 kbps (vi my di ng h tr chun R99), hay 7.2Mbps (vi
my di ng h tr HSPDA). D sao, tc ny cng ln hn kh nhiu so vi tc
9.6kbps ca 1 n knh GSM hay 9.6kbps ca a knh trong HSCSD (14.4 kbit/s ca
CDMAOne) v mt s cng ngh mng khc.
Nu nh th h 2G ca mng t ong l GSM, th GPRS c xem l th h 2.5G. GPRS,
dng chuyn mch gi, khc so vi chuyn mch knh (dnh knh ring) ca GSM, h
tr tc d liu cao hn (l thuyt t: 140.8 kbit/s, thc t, khong 56 kbit/s). EGPRS hay EGDE, c xem l th h 2.75G, l s ci tin v thut ton m ha. GPRS
dng 4 mc m ha (coding schemes; CS-1 to 4), trong khi EDGE dng 9 mc m ha
v iu ch (Modulation and Coding Schemes; MCS-1 to 9). Tc truyn d liu thc
ca EDGE t ti 180 kbit/s.
T nm 2006, mng UMTS c nhiu quc gia nng cp ln, vi chun HSPDA,
c xem nh mng 3.5G. Hin gi, HSPDA cho php tc truyn ng xung t
21Mbps. Di hi hn, mt nhnh ca t chc 3GPP ln k hoch pht trin mng 4G,
vi tc 100 Mbit/s ng xung v 50 Mbit/s ng ln, dng cng ngh giao din
v tuyn da trn Ghp knh tn s trc giao.
Mng UMTS u tin trin khai nm 2002 nhn mnh ti cc ng dng di ng nh:
TV di ng hay thoi Video. Tuy nhin, kinh nghim trin khai Nht v mt s nc
khc cho thy rng, nhu cu ngi dng vi thoi Video l khng cao. Hin ti, tc
truyn d liu cao ca UMTS thng dnh truy cp Internet.

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H thng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS)

Cng ngh

Mt b pht ca UMTS t trn nc ta nh

UMTS kt hp giao din v tuyn WCDMA, TD-CDMA, hay TD-SCDMA, li Pha

ng dng di ng ca GSM (MAP), v cc chun m ha thoi ca GSM.
UMTS (W-CDMA) dng cc cp knh 5Mhz trong k thut truyn dn UTRA/FDD.
Ban u, bng tn n nh cho UMTS l 18852025 MHz vi ng ln (uplink) v
21102200 MHz cho ng xung (downlink). M, bng tn thay th l 17101755
MHz (uplink) v 21102155 MHz (downlink), do bng tn 1900MHz dng.
UMTS l mt mng RAN (mng truy nhp v tuyn) thay v GERAN nh ca GSM/
EGDE. UMTS v GERAN c th dng chung mng li CN, v cho php chuyn mch
thng sut gia cc RAN nu cn. Mng li CN c th kt ni n nhiu mng ng
trc khc nhau nh ca Internet v ISDN. UMTS (cng nh GERAN) gm 3 lp thp
nht ca m hnh truyn thng OSI. Lp mng (OSI 3) gm giao thc Qun l ti
nguyn v tuyn RRM, qun l cc knh sng mang (bearer channels) gia my di ng
v mng.

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H thng vin thng di ng ton cu (UMTS)

Kin trc mng UMTS

Kin trc mng UMTS

Nh hnh v th hin, Mng UMTS bao gm 2 phn, phn truy nhp v tuyn (UMTS
Terrestrial Radio Access Network- UTRAN) v phn mng li (core). Phn truy nhp
v tuyn bao gm Node B v RNC. Cn phn core th c core cho data bao gm SGSN,
GGSN; Phn core cho voice th c MCS v GMSC.

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