Nguyn Ph Khnh Lt

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nh l Lagrange : nh l v gi tr trung bnh ca php vi phn

Nu hm s y = f ( x) lin tc trn on [ a; b ] v c o hm trn khong ( a; b ) th tn ti t nht mt
f (b) f (a)
= f '(c)
ba

im c ( a; b ) , sao cho

H qu 1: nh l Rolle
Nu hm s y = f ( x) lin tc trn on [ a; b ] v c o hm trn khong
tn ti t nht mt im c ( a; b ) ,sao cho f '(c) = 0 .
H qu 2 :
Nu hm s y = f ( x) lin tc trn on [ a; b ] v c o hm trn khong
f ' ( x ) = 0, x ( a; b ) th f ( x) = C khng i trn on [ a; b]
H qu 3 :
Nu hm s y = f ( x) lin tc trn on [ a; b ] v c o hm trn khong
f ' ( x ) = 0 c khng qu n

( n + 1) nghim trn ( a; b )

( a; b ) v

f (b) = f (a ) th khi

( a; b ) ; ngoi ra

( a; b ) ;nu phng trnh

nghim phn bit trn khong ( a; b ) th phng trnh f ( x ) = 0 c khng qu

Gii cc phng trnh

a ) 3x + 5 x = 2.4 x

b) x + x log3 5 = 2.3log3 4

a ) 3x + 5 x = 2.4 x
Cch 1 : Dng nh l v gi tr trung bnh ca php vi phn
Phng trnh cho vit li 5 x 4 x = 4 x 3x

Xt hm s f (a ) = ( a + 1) a x hm s lin tc trn v f (3) = f (4)

x

f (a ) = ( a + 1) a x f ' ( a ) = x ( a + 1)
x

x 1

xa x 1

f (4) f (3)
=0
43
x = 0
x = 0
x 1
x 1
x ( c + 1) xc x 1 = 0 x ( c + 1) c x 1 = 0

1
x = 1
x 1

( c + 1) c = 0

Theo nh l v gi tr trung bnh ca php vi phn th c [3; 4] sao cho f '(c) =

x = 0
Vy nghim ca phng trnh cho l
x = 1
Cch 2 : Dng tnh cht hm li ( hay lm )
Nu hm s y = f ( x) lun li (hay lun lm ) trn on [ a; b ] th th y = f ( x) ct trc Ox ti a
ti hai im .
x

3 5
3 + 5 = 2.4 + 2 = 0
4 4
x

3 5
Xt hm s f ( x ) = + 2 lin tc trn
4 4

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x

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3 5
5
3
f ' ( x ) = ln + ln
4 4
4
4
x

3 5
5
3
f '' ( x ) = ln 2 + ln 2 > 0, x
4 4
4
4
x

3 5
V f '' ( x ) > 0 nn hm s f ( x ) = + 2 lun lm trn , do th hm s f ( x) ch c th
4 4
ct Ox ti a hai nghim phn bit .
D thy f (0) = f (1) = 0 nn x = 0; x = 1 l hai nghim ca phng trnh 3x + 5x = 2.4 x .
b) x + x log3 5 = 2.3log3 4 , x > 0
Tng t cu a) , phng trnh
x + x log3 5 = 2.3log3 4 3log3 x + 5log3 x = 2.4log3 x 5log3 x 4log3 x = 4log3 x 3log3 x ( *)
t t = log3 x ; khi (*) 5t 4t = 4t 3t .

t = 0 x = 1
Cc bc gii hon ton tng t cu a) ,ta tm c
t = 1 x = 3

Bi tp tng t
Gii cc phng trnh :
a )3x + 7 x = 4 x + 6 x
b)2 x + 4 x = 2.3x

Gii cc phng trnh :

2
2
2
a )3x 2 x + 5x 2 x = 22 x 4 x +1

c)2 x + 3x = x3 .5x

d )2 x + 6 x = ( 3 x 3 1) .4 x

b ) x 2 x + 4 + 3x

x +1

f )e x x + 1 = 2 x + 1

=5

Gii cc phng trnh :

a )4log3 x + 2log3 x = 2 x

b)3log4 x + 5log4 x = 2 x

Gii cc phng trnh :

a) x + x log2 3 = x log 2 5
b) x + x log2 4 = 2.x log2 3

c) x + x log3 5 = x log3 8
d ) x 2 + x log2 3 = x log2 7

Gii cc phng trnh :

a ) x 8log9 x = x 2log9 x

c) x 3log4 x = x 1

b) x 15log16 x = x 3log16 x

e)3x + 3x 2 x = 4 x 3x

e) x + x log2 4 = 2.x log2 3

f ) x + x log2 3 = x log2 5

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Gii cc phng trnh :

a)2log5 ( x +3) = x

b)3log5 ( 2 x +1) = x + 1

b)2log5 ( 2 x +1) = x

b)2log3 ( 2 x +1) = x + 1

c)2log3 ( x + 2) = x + 1

Gii cc phng trnh :

a )2009tan x 2008tan x = 2008tan x 2007 tan x

Gii cc phng trnh :

a )3cos x 2cos x = cos x

b)4sin x 3sin x = sin x, x [ 0; 2 ]

c) (1 + cos x ) ( 2 + 4cos x ) = 3.4cos x