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64.cong Nghe Thi Cong Topdow
64.cong Nghe Thi Cong Topdow
I. t vn
Trong thit k nh cao tng hin nay H Ni, hu ht u c tng hm gii
quyt vn xe v cc h thng k thut ca ton nh. Ph bin l cc cng trnh
cao t 10 n 30 tng c thit k t mt n hai tng hm p ng yu cu s
dng ca ch u t trong hon cnh cng trnh b khng ch chiu cao v khun vin
t c hn... Vic xy dng tng hm trong nh cao tng t ra c hiu qu tt v
mt cng nng s dng v ph hp vi ch trng quy hoch ca thnh ph. Tuy
nhin, n nay vn cha c bo co tng kt v tnh hnh kinh t - k thut cho cc
cng trnh trn a bn thnh ph, cho d cc cng trnh cao tng kt hp tng hm
tr nn rt ph bin.
Bi ny cp n cc gii php thit k, thi cng hin nay cho dng cng trnh ny
v u nhc im ca tng gii php. ng thi so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k
thut gia cc gii php thit k - thi cng dng tng c thp, tng vy barrette v
cc gii php thi cng khc qua rt ra nhng tng kt ban u cho cng tc thit
k, thi cng tng hm trong nh cao tng nhm p ng c cng nng s dng v
gi thnh hp l trn a bn H Ni.
II. Tng quan vic thit k nh cao tng c tng hm H Ni
Hin nay cng trnh nh cao tng thng c t mt n hai tng hm, trong nh
mt tng hm l ch yu. Bng 1. Thng k mt s cng trnh c hai tng hm trn
a bn thnh ph.
Bng 1
TT Tn cng trnh
Thit k
n v
thi cng
1
Bachy
Soletanche
Cty XD s 1
HN
2
3
4
5
Tr s kho bc NN CDCC
32 Ct Linh
Delta
To nh 70-72 B CDCC
Triu
Delta
VP v Chung c 47 VNCC
Hunh Thc Khng
ng Dng
Delta
- Tng barrette
- o h, chng bng dn thp
- Tng barrette
- Top down
- Tng barrette
- Top down
- Tng barrette
- Top down
- Tng barrette
- Top down
Bachy
Soletanche
10
11
- Tng barrette
19 Phm nh H
- Neo trong t
12
13
- Tng barrette
- Khng chng
To nh thp Vietcombank
- Neo trong t
Gii php
- Tng c thp (khng hoc 1 tng chng, neo)
- Cc xi mng t (khng hoc 1 tng chng, neo)
6m < H 10m
H > 10m
Tham kho ti liu: Cm nang dnh cho k s a k thut - Trn Vn Vit; Thit k
mng su - Nguyn B K.
2.2. Thit k tng chn nhiu hng neo, chng.
Gm thit k tng chn v thit k h neo chng. C hai cng vic ny u da
trn kt qu tnh ton ni lc v chuyn v trong tng chn.
Cc phng php tnh ton tng chn:
- Phng php 1: Dng s phn b p lc n gin cu Tarzaghi v Peck, 1967 v
tnh ton tng chn nh mt dm lin tc ta ln cc gi l thanh chng hoc neo.
- Phng php 2: Dng chng trnh phn mm nn mng chuyn dng PLAXIS 2D
(H Lan) hoc GEOSLOPE (Canaa).
Thc t cho thy ch c dng chng trnh phn mm a k thut chuyn dng mi
c th gii quyt n tho bi ton tng chn nhiu tng neo chng.
Chng trnh PLAXIS 2D cho php m t kt cu chn gi bng cc thng s hnh
hc
(chiu di, tit din, mmen qun tnh), loi vt liu (trng lng ring); tit din,
cng , khong cch cc thanh neo chng; cc thng s c bn ca nn t (, c, ,
k, E), cc ch nn t thot nc hay khng, cc loi ti trng trn mt t. Cc
m hnh tnh ton ca chng trnh (n hi tuyn tnh, n hi do tuyt i, t
mm, t yu). c bit, chng trnh a ra kt qu m phng cc giai on thi
cng khc nhau ca h o. Cc kt qu nu c hiu chnh theo kinh nghim xy
dng, cc s liu quan trc ti a phng th s cho kt qu kh quan.
3. Tnh ton thit k c cu gi n nh tng chn
3.1. Phng php tnh ton n nh h dn chng bng thp hnh
M hnh h dn chng bng chng trnh tnh ton kt cu khng gian (chng trnh
SAP, Etabs, Staad...) tnh ton s n nh v kh nng chu lc ca tit din thanh
chng v ct chng di tc ng ca ti trng ngang; p lc gy ra do t nc v
hot ti ng.
3.2 Phng php tnh ton neo pht
(Tham kho Tiu chun Anh BS 8081: 1989) V c bn, vic thit k h thanh neo
trong t bao gm cc cng vic sau:
- Xc nh sc khng ct ca t ti khu vc bu neo.
- Thit k s tng thanh neo, khong cch thanh neo, gc nghing.
- Tnh ton n nh tng th thanh neo.
3.3. Tnh ton kim tra n nh kt cu tng vy - sn hm bng phng php
thi cng Top - down
Kim tra n nh v kh nng chu lc ca sn hm dng gi n nh x ngang ca
tng hm bng chng trnh tnh ton kt cu khng gian (Sap, Etabs, Staad...).
V. So snh ch tiu kinh tt - k thut cho gii php tng c thp v tng
barrette trong thi cng nh cao tng c 2 tng hm
Di y, chng ti so snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ti mt cng trnh c 02 tng
hm m 02 gii php khc nhau l kh thi v mt k thut.
Gii php 1: Thit k, thi cng, gi n nh h o bng tng vy barrette, dy
600mm, su 16m;
Gii php 2: Thit k tng bao b tng dy 400mm, su 7,3m, gi n nh bng c
thp di 12m..
Bng 3. So snh cc ch tiu kinh t k thut theo cc gii php thit k
T
T Ch tiu so snh
n
v
Vt liu
Gi XL (triu VND)
C thp + Tng
tng
Barrette
D400
D600
C thp + Tng
tng
Barrette
D400
D600
C thp 12m
227
681
m3
593
1949
1779
9745
4200
168
2628
9745
Tng Gxl phn ngm 25,5t. Phng n C thp tit kim 7,1
t ng (28% Gxl phn ngm)
Ct thp H400
o m: 240m*56.1kg/
m
n
v
Vt liu
Tn
13.5
Gi XL (triu VND)
Chng
Thi cng Chng
Thi cng
bng dn Top - down bng dn Top
thp hnh
thp hnh
down
9.0
162
108
Topdown: 160m*56.1kg/
m
2
Dm thp H300
Tn
54.4
653
o m:1490m*36.5kg/
m
3
Chi ph lin kt ca
phng php Topdown
Tng Gxl phn ngm 32.6t Phng n Topdown tit kim 0.6
t ng (60% chi ph BPTC)
100
815
208
VII. Kt lun
- Gii php thit k v thi cng cng trnh tng hm gn b cht ch vi nhau do c
im thit k kt cu chn gi cng trnh tng hm ph thuc vo cng ngh thi
cng. Kt cu chn gi c th ng thi l kt cu chu lc vnh cu cho cng trnh.
Do gii php thi cng tng th cn c la chn ngay t khu thit k cng trnh.
- Cng ngh thi cng hin nay l kh a dng. Do n v thit k v thi cng cn
phn tch, a ra gii php thit k v thi cng ph hp nht trong nhng iu kin
hin c.
- V mt kinh t, cng trnh tng hm l dng cng trnh m c th gy lng ph
nu la chn gii php thit k, thi cng khng ph hp vi c im d n.
- V mt k thut, y l dng cng trnh phc tp; thi cng di su, d xy ra s c
cho bn thn cng trnh v cc cng trnh lin k. V vy, cng vic thit k, thi cng,
gim st thi cng phi c c bit coi trng.
TS. Nguyn D Tin, ThS. Trn c Cng
(Ngun tin: T/C T vn Thit k, s 3/2006)