Presumptions

In construing the a doubtful or ambiguous statute, the courts will presume

that it was the intention of the legislature to enact a valid, sensible and just law,
and one which should change the prior law no further then may be necessary to
effectuate the specific purpose of the act in question.
1. Presumptions against unconstitutionality
Laws are presumed constitutional. To justify nullification of law, there
must be clear and unequivocal breach of the constitution.
2. Presumptions of Validity
Every statute passed by the legislature is resumed to be valid because
the legislature is supposed to have considered the question of its validity.
3. Presumptions of Good faith
In case of interpretation of a statute, it is presumed that the legislature
had good motives in having considered and adopted a particular law.
4. Presumptions against injustice
In case of doubt in the interpretation or application of laws, it is
presumed that the lawmaking body intended right and justice to prevail.
5. Presumptions against inconsistency
The mind of the lawmaking body is presumed to be consistent. In case
of doubt therefore, such a construction should be adopted as will make all
the provision of the statute consistent with one another and with the
entire act.
6. Presumption against absurdity
It is presumed that the legislature does not intend that absurdity will
flow from its enactment.
7. Presumptions against ineffectiveness
It is presumed that the lawmaking body does not intend to adopt laws,
which are unnecessary and ineffective.
8. Presumptions against irrepealable laws
It is presumed that the lawmaking body does not intend that its law
shall be irrepealable.
9. Presumptions against implied repeals
Repeals by implication is not favored.
10.Presumptions against violation of public policy

It is presumed that the legislature designs to favor and foster rather than
contravene, that public policy which is based upon the principles of
natural justice, good morals, and the settled wisdom of the laws as
applied to ordinary affairs of life.
11.Presumption of knowledge of existing laws
In enacting a law, the lawmaking body presumed to have full
knowledge of all existing laws on the subject.
12.Presumption of acquiescence to judicial construction
When the court has construed a statute in particular manner, and the
lawmaking body made no move to alter or amend the said statute, it is
presumed that legislature has acquiesced in that interpretation.
13.Presumptions of jurisdiction
A statute will not be construed in such a manner as to oust or restrict
the jurisdiction of superior courts, or to vest a new jurisdiction in them,
unless there are express words or a necessary implication to that effect.
14.Presumption of acting within the scope of authority
It is presumed that the legislature acted within the scope of its
authority.
15.Presumption against violation of international law
It is presumed that a statute is in conformity with the rules and
principles of international laws, or with treaties, in line with section 2,
article II, of the constitution.