I

:
: 1227/10
:

,2012.

 I
20011/2012.

. 1.

1.
,
, .
.
BC547B,
,
.

,
. ,
, ,
.
2.
, rcad
Capture. , ,
, :
1.

IDC1
(0500)A
SOURCE
VDC1
(01,5)V
SOURCE
0/SOURCE
///
SOURCE
BC547B
///
EBIPOLAR
VDC2
6V
SOURCE
VDC3
(030)V
SOURCE
VDC4
(070)V
SOURCE
3.
a)
(Ib)
(Ube), (Uce=const.) ().
Ib=f(Ube), Uce=const.

 I
20011/2012.
:

Q1
V2
BC547B
I

0Vdc

V1
0Vdc

.1.
:
10A

5A

0A
0V

0.5V

1.0V

IB(Q1)
V_V2

.2. =0
10A

5A

0A
0V

0.5V

1.0V

IB(Q1)
V_V2

.3. =25

 I
20011/2012.
20A

10A

0A
0V

0.5V

1.0V

IB(Q1)
V_V2

.4. =100
N ,
, ,
.
,
.
b)
,
. .
(Ic) (Ube), Uce .
Ic=f(Ube), Uce=const.
(Ic) (Ib),
Uce .
Ic= f(Ib), Uce=const.
Ic=f(Ube), Uce=const.
:

Q1
I

V2

BC547B

0Vdc

V1
0Vdc

.5.

 I
20011/2012.
:

.6. =0

.7. =25

.8. =100

 I
20011/2012.
. ,
,
. ,
.
Ic=f(Ib), Uce=const.
:

Q1

V1
0Vdc

BC547B
I1
0Adc

.9.
:
100mA

50mA

0A
0

200u

400u

600u

IC(Q1)
I_I1

.10. =0
200mA

100mA

0A
0

200u

400u

600u

IC(Q1)
I_I1

.11. =25

 I
20011/2012.
200mA

100mA

0A
0

200u

400u

600u

IC(Q1)
I_I1

.12. =100
, ,
, , ,
, .
, .

c)
(Ic)
(Uce), (Ib) ().
Ic= f(Uce), Ib= const.
:

Q1
I

BC547B

V3
0Vdc

I1
0Adc

.13.

:
7

 I
20011/2012.

.14. =0

.15. =25

 I
20011/2012.

.16. =100

, ,
,
, .
d) BC547B ,
: Ucemax=50V; Icmax=100mA; Pdismax=500mW;
,
:

Q1
I

BC547B

V4
0Vdc

I1
0Adc

.17.

 I
20011/2012.
,
.
.
.

200m

-200m
0V

10V

20V

IC(Q1)

V(V1:-)
V_V1

.18. =25

10

30V

 I
20011/2012.

. 2. RC (ZE)

1.

. , , ,
, .
,
.
2.
, rcad
Capture. , ,
, :
1.

R1,R6
150k
ANALOG
R2,R7
27k
ANALOG
R3,R8
2,7k
ANALOG
R4,R9
470
ANALOG
R5,R10
10k
ANALOG
VDC2
12V
SOURCE
VSIN1
(ampl. 10mV,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
VSIN3
(ampl. 10V,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
C1
1F
ANALOG
C2,C4
10F
ANALOG
C3,C5
100F
ANALOG
C6
1nF
ANALOG
0/SOURCE
///
SOURCE
BC547B1,BC547B2
///
EBIPOLAR
VAC4
1V
SOURCE
3.

RC

Vcc=12V, |Av|=200, h21=332, h11=4,25k, h12=h22=0

11

 I
20011/2012.

Rc
Rb1

Cs2
12V

10u
BC547B

1u

Vul

Vcc

Q1

Cs1

Rp
Rb2
Re

Ce
100u

.1. ZE
B

h11

h21Ib

Vul

Rc

Vizl

0
E

.2. h ZE

Vizl h21IbRc
Vul
Vizl h21Rc
h11
Vizl
h21
Avh11
Av

Rc 200 Rc
2,56k 2,7k
Vul
h11
h21
Ic=2mA, ,
: Ib=6,02A
Re , . Re
(1030)% (0,53)V.
: URe=1V
IcIe=2mA
Vre
1V
Re

500 Re 470
Ic
2mA
I1 Rb1 Rb2,
5 10 ,
.
I1=10Ib=60,2 A
Vcc
12V
Rb1 Rb 2

199k
I1 60,2A
Vbe Vre 1V 0,7V
Vbe Vre I1Rb 2 0 Rb 2

28,24k Rb 2 27k
I1
60,2A

12

 I
20011/2012.

Rb1 199k Rb2 172k Rb1 150k

:
Vce Vcc Vre RcIc 12V 1V 2,7k 2mA 5,6V
QVce 5,6V ; Icq 2mA; Ibq 6,02A
:
Vce1 Vceq 0V Vceq 5,6V
Vce 2 12V Vceq 12V 5,6V 6,4V
Vizlm 5,6V

Rc
Rb1
Q1

Vcc
12V

Rb2
Re

.3.

h21 332
Rul Re1 470 1 332 156,51k
Rb 2 Re1
Rb 2 Re1
Vb
Vcc 1,6V
Rb 2 Re1
Rb1
Rb 2 Re1

Vbe Vb Ve Ve Vb Vbe 1,6 0,7V 0,9V

Ve
Ie
1,9mA
Re
Ie
Ie Ib Ic Ib 1 Ib
5,7 A
1
Ic Ib 1,89mA
Ic Ie 1,9mA
Vc Vcc IcRc 12V 1,9mA 2,7k 6,87V
Vce Vc Ve 6,87V 0,9V 5,97V

13

 I
20011/2012.
QVce 5,97V ; Ic 1,9mA; Ib 5,7 A

I.
B

h11
Ib=Iul

h21Ib

Vul

Rc

Rp
Vizl

0
E

.4.
Uul
Rul
Uul f Iul
Iul
Uul
Uul h11Iul 0
Rul h11 4,25k
Iul
II.
B

h11
Ib=Iul

h21Ib

Vul=0

Vo
Rc
Vizl

0
E

.5.

Uo
Uo f Io
Io
Uo IoRc h21IbRc 0, Ib Iul 0
Uo
Rizl Rc 2,7k
Io
III.
Rizl

h11
Ib=Iul

h21Ib

Vul

Rc

Rp
Vizl

0
E

.6.

14

 I
20011/2012.

Uizl
Uizl f Uul
Uul

Rc Rp

Uizl h21IbRp ' , Ib Iul , Rp '

Rc Rp

Uul
Ib
h11
h21
Uizl
Rp 'Uul
h11
Uizl
h21
Av
Rp ' 166,4
Uul
h11
IV.
Av

B1

C1

h11

B2

C2

h11

Ib1=Iul

Ib2
I3
h21Ib2
h21Ib1

Vul

Rc

Rc

Rp
Vizl

E2

E1

.7.

Av Av1 Av 2
Uizl1
Av1
Uizl1 f Uul
Uul
Rc h11
Uizl1 h 21Ib1
Rc h11
Uul
Ib1 Iul
h11
h21 Rc h11
Uizl1

Uul
h11 Rc h11
Uizl1
h21 Rc h11
Av1

128,9
Uul
h11 Rc h11
Uizl
Av 2
Uizl f Uul 2
Uul 2
Rc Rp
Uizl h21Ib 2
Rc Rp
Uul 2
Ib 2
h11

15

 I
20011/2012.

h21 Rc Rp

Uul 2
h11 Rc Rp
Uizl
h21 Rc Rp
Av 2

166,4
Uul
h11 Rc Rp
Av Av1 Av 2 21448,96
V.

Uizl

h11
Ib=Iul
h21Ib

I1

Vul

Iizl
Rc

Rp
Vizl

0
E

.8.

Iizl
Iizl f Iul
Iul
Iizl h 21Ib I1, Ib Iul
Rp
I1
Iizl
Rc
Rp
Iizl h 21Iul
Iizl
Rc
Rp
Iizl 1
h21Iul
Rc

Iizl
Rc
Ai h21
70,6
Iul
Rc Rp
VI.

Cs1
Ai

Cs1

Rul=R1||R2||h11

.9.

fd1

1
37,5Hz
2Cs1Rul

16

 I
20011/2012.

Cs 2
Cs2

R=Rp+Rc

.10.

1
fd 2
1,25Hz
2Cs 2Rp Rc
Ce
R

Ce

.11.

1
128,2 Hz
h11
Re
1

h
21
2Ce
h11
Re
1 h21
fd 128,2Hz

fd 3

Cp

.12.

1
fg
74,9kHz
Rc Rp
2
Rc Rp

17

 I
20011/2012.

a)

:

12.00V
68.81uA
R2

2.113mA
R1

150k

2.7k
C1
6.294V
Q1

C3
1.679V
1u

0V

10u

12V

V2

2.113mA

6.639uA
BC547B
-2.120mA

R5

2.182mA

10k

0V

0A

0A
V1
VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz

62.17uA
R3
27k

2.120mA
R4

0.996V
C2

470

0V

100u

.13.
:

Q:(IC=2,113mA;Vce=5,298V;Ib=6,639A)
b)

R2
R1

150k

2.7k
C1
10u

12V

Q1

C3

R5
BC547B

V2

10k

1u

V1
VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 10mV
FREQ = 1kHz

R3
27k

R4
470

C2
100u

.14.
:

18

 I
20011/2012.

.15.

.16.

,
:

|Av|=1,4333V/10mV =143,3

.
c)

19

 I
20011/2012.

,
, ,
.
:

.17.

M Vizl=2,8697V.
.
d)


:

R3
2.7k

C2

R1
10u

150k
Q1

C1

V2
R5

1u
V1
VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 10m
FREQ = 1k

BC547B

V
I

12

10k

R2
R4

27k

470

C3
100u

.18.

20

 I
20011/2012.

.19.

.20.
,
:

Rul=10mV/2,9807A =3,35k

21

 I
20011/2012.
e)

R1
R3

150k

2.7k
Q1

C1
1u

C2
V2

10u

12
V1

R2
27k

BC547B

VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 10m
FREQ = 1k

R4
470

C3
100u

.21.
:

.22.

22

 I
20011/2012.
.23.
, ,
,
:

Riz=10mV/3,9929 A =2,5k

f)
R1
R3

150k

2.7k
Q1

C1

C2
10u
C6

V2
V

12

1n
V4
1Vac
0Vdc

1u

R2

BC547B

R5
10k

27k

R4
470

C3
100u

.27.

23

 I
20011/2012.

.28.
,
:
fd=133Hz fg=96kHz

, , ,
, ,
.
, ,
( 0,
).

1.
,

.
.
.

24

 I
20011/2012.

2.

, .
.
. Excel,
,
, , .
:
1.

150k, 27k, 2,7k, 10k, 470

1F, 10F, 100F, 1nF

///

///

12V
(BC547B)
///

///
3.
a) :

R3
2.7

R1
150k
C1

V4

C2

V1

Q1

12

10u

1u

BC547B
R2

R5
R4

27k

470

C3

10k

100u

.1.
b)
2. 3.
, .

25

 I
20011/2012.
c)
4. .
3V,
.
d)

Vin=10mV
2.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
i
f[kHz]
0,01
0,05
0,1
0,5
1
10
50
100
Vo[V]
0,1
0,4
0,7
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
A
10
40
70
150
150
150
150
150

10

150
1,5
150

200
0,5
50

A=f(f)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

50

100

150

200

f[kHz]

.5.

26

250

 I
20011/2012.

. 3. FET
2N4416 2N7000

1.
JFET MOSFET
.
,
.
FET , () .
2.
, rcad
Capture. , ,
, :
1.

J2N4416
///
JFET
2N7000
///
PWRMOS
VDC1
(05)V
SOURCE
VDC2
5V
SOURCE
VDC3
(030)V
SOURCE
0/SOURCE
///
SOURCE
3.
a) JFET
(Id)
(Vgs), Vds=const.
Id=f(Vgs), Vds=const.

27

 I
20011/2012.
:
J1
I

J2N4416

V2
0Vdc

V1
0Vdc

.1. J2N4416

.2. J2N4416 =25

.3. J2N4416 =100

Vgs=0 Idss, .
, Vgs, ,
, .
Vgs=-3V 0 ,
. Idss ,

28

 I
20011/2012.
.
b) JFET
Id, Vds, Vgs=const.
Id=f(Vds), Vgs=const.
:

J1
I

J2N4416

V3
0Vdc

V1
0Vdc

.4. J2N4416

.5. J2N4416 =25

29

 I
20011/2012.

.6. J2N4416 =100

Vds, . ,
( ).

c) (JFET)

gm (,, )
:

.7. J2N4416 =25

VT=-3V, Vds=5V, Idss=9,522mA

gm= Id/ Vgs, Vds=const.
gm= (5,1288mA-1,9061mA)/(-815mV+1,691V)=3,68mS
30

 I
20011/2012.

Ri ( , )
:

.8. J2N4416 =25

Vgs=-1V
Ri= Vds/ Id, Vgs=const.
Ri= (21,259V-11,701V)/(4,6915mA-4,4716mA)=43,5k
( )

= Vds/ Vgs, Id=const.

= gm Ri =3,68mS43,5k=159
d) MOSFET
:

M1
I

V1

M2N7000

V2
0Vdc

0Vdc

.9. 2N7000

31

 I
20011/2012.

.10. 2N7000 =25

.11. 2N7000 =100

MOSFET ,
2V, , .
Vgs .
.

32

 I
20011/2012.

e) MOSFET

M1
I

V1

M2N7000

V3
0Vdc

0Vdc

.12. 2N7000

.13. 2N7000 =25

.14. 2N7000 =100

33

 I
20011/2012.

Vds ,
.
.
f) (MOSFET)
gm (,, )
:

.15. 2N7000 =25

Vds=5V
gm= Id/ Vgs, Vds=const.
gm= (8,1894mA-3,1039mA)/(2,2340V-2,0420V)=0,026S
Ri ( , )
:

.16. 2N7000 =25

34

 I
20011/2012.

Vgs=4V
Ri= Vds/ Id, Vgs=const.
Ri= (19,498V-12,449V)/(166,761mA-166,761mA)=
( )

= Vds/ Vgs, Id=const.

= gm Ri =0,13S=
g) JFET 2N4416
:
Pdis=300mW, Pdis=400mW, Idmax=15mA, Vdsmax=30V
:

.17.
h) MOSFET 2N7000
:
Pdis=400mW, Idmax=200mA, Vdsmax=60V
:

.18.
35

 I
20011/2012.

. 4. RC (ZD)

1.
.
, , ,
, .
,
.
2.
, rcad
Capture. , ,
, :
1.

R1
100k
ANALOG
R2
48k
ANALOG
R3
1,2k
ANALOG
R4
10k
ANALOG
C8
1F
ANALOG
C9
10F
ANALOG
C10
1nF
ANALOG
VDC1
12V
SOURCE
VSIN2
(ampl. 1V,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
VAC3
1V
SOURCE
VSIN4
(ampl. 10mV,frek. 1kHz)
SOURCE
2N7000
///
PWRMOS
0/SOURCE
///
SOURCE
3.

RC

Vdd=12V, IdQ=5mA, gm=0,026S

ao ,
:
36

 I
20011/2012.

Rg2
Cs1

M2
Vdd
M2N7000

Cs2

12V

Vul
Rg1

Rp
Rs

.1. ZD

.2. 2N7000 =25

Vgs
Id=5mA
Vgs=2,13V

Rg2
M2
Vdd
M2N7000

12V

Rg1
Rs

37

 I
20011/2012.
.3.

Vds Vdd IdRs

Vds 12V 5mA 1,2k 6V
Vdd
12V
Vgs
Rg1 IdRs
100k 5mA 1,2k 2,1V
Rg1 Rg 2
100k 48k
QVds 6V ;Vgs 2,1V ; Id 5mA
:
Vds1 Vds 0V 6V
Vds 2 12V Vds 6V
Vdsm 6V

I.

G
D

Iul
Vgs

Vul

gmVgs

R5
S

1k

Rs

Rp
Vizl

.4.

Uul
Uul f Iul
Iul
Uul
R1 R 2
Iul Rg Uul 0
Rul Rg
32,4k
Iul
R1 R 2
Rul

II.
G
D

Iul=0
Vgs

gmVgs

Io

R5
Vul=0

1k

S
Vo
Rs

.5.
38

 I
20011/2012.

Uo
Uo f Io
Io
Uo IoRs gmVgsRs 0
Vgs Vo 0 Ugs Uo
Uo IoRs gmRsUo 0
Uo1 gmRs IoRs
Uo
Rs
Rizl
37,27
Io
1 gmRs
Rizl

III.
G
D

Iul
Vgs

gmVgs

Io

R5
Vul

1k

S
Rs

Rp
Vizl

.6.

Uizl
Uizl f Uul
Uul

Rs Rp

Uizl gmUgsRp' , Rp '

Rs

Rp

Ugs gmUgsRp'Uul 0
Ugs1 gmRp ' Uul
Uul
Ugs
1 gmRp '
gmRp '
Uizl
Uul
1 gmRp '
Uizl
gmRp '
Av
0,96
Uul
1 gmRp '
Av

39

 I
20011/2012.

IV.

Cs1
Cs1

Rg

.7.

fd1

1
4,91Hz
2Cs1Rg

Cs 2
Cs1

R=Rs+Rp

.8.

1
1,42Hz
2Cs 2Rp Rs
fd 4,91Hz

fd 2

Cp

.9.

40

 I
20011/2012.

fg

1
1
Rs
gm
Rp
1
Rs
gm
2
1
Rs
gm
Rp
1
Rs
gm

4,29MHz

a)

:
12.00V
81.08uA
R2
48k
C8

M2

V1

4.987mA
12

8.108V 0A
M2N7000

1u
V2

0V
0A

VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 1
FREQ = 1k

C9
5.068mA
5.984V
10u
4.987mA
R3

81.08uA
R1
100k

0V
R4

1.2k

10k
0A

0V

.10.
:

Q:(VGS=2,124V;ID=4,987mA;VDS=6,016V)

41

 I
20011/2012.
b)

R2
48k
C8

V1

M2
12
C9

1u

M2N7000

V2

10u

VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 1
FREQ = 1k

R1

R3

100k

1.2k

R4
10k

.11.

.12.

42

 I
20011/2012.

.13.
,
:

Av=922,562mV/1V =0,92
.

.14.

43

 I
20011/2012.

.15.
,
:

|Ai|=940,015 A /30,691 A =30,62

c)

,
, ,
.
:

.16.

44

 I
20011/2012.
Vul=6V,
Vizl=5,6052V
d)


:

R2
48k
C8

V1

M2
12
C9

1u
V2
VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 6
FREQ = 1k

M2N7000

10u
I

R1

R3

100k

1.2k

R4
10k

.17.

.18.

45

 I
20011/2012.

.19.
,
:

Rul=1V/30,691A =32,58k
e)

R2
48k
V1
C8

M1
12

1u

M2N7000
C9
10u
R1
V4

100k
R3
1.2k

VOFF = 0
VAMPL = 10m
FREQ = 1k

.20.

46

 I
20011/2012.

.21.

.22.
, ,
,
:

Riz=10mV/243,925 A =40, 99

47

 I
20011/2012.

f)
R6
48k
C8

M2

1u

C10
1n
C9

V1
12

M2N7000

V3

10u

1Vac
0Vdc

R9
1.2k

R7

R4

10k

100k

.23.
:

.24.
,
:
fd=16,29Hz fg=4,93MHz

, , ,
, ,
.

48

 I
20011/2012.
, ,
( 0,
).

1.
,
.
.

.
2.

, .
.
.
.
:
1.

100k, 48k, 1,2k, 10k

1F, 10F

///

///

12V
(2N7000)
///

///

///
3.
a) :

49

 I
20011/2012.

R2
48k
V1
C8

M1
12

1u

M2N7000
C9

V2

10u
R1

R4

100k

1k
R3
1.2k

.1.
b)

2.:
,

1. .
c)
3. :
5 V,
.
d)

Q:(VGS=1,748V;ID=5,27mA;VDS=5,53V)

,
.
.

50