Calculating entropy change from reversible heat flow

The heat of fusion

in entropy

of butane

when

is

of butane freezes at

. Calculate the change

.

Be sure your answer contains a unit symbol. Round your answer to

digits.

significant

Read this explanation carefully.

Additional Resources
For additional explanation,
see your textbook:
Section 10.4: Entropy and
Physical Changes

You can answer this question by using the Clausius definition of entropy:

In the Clausius equation

stands for the change in entropy of a system,

stands

for heat, and stands for absolute temperature.

Heat will flow out of the system as the butane freezes. Your first step in using the
Clausius equation is to calculate how much heat flows.
You're told the heat of fusion,

, which is the amount of heat that must flow out of

the system for each mole of butane that freezes. If you multiply
by the total moles
of butane involved, you'll get the total amount of heat:
The moles of butane (in the second parentheses) are equal
to the mass of butane divided by the molar mass of butane.
There are
keep

significant digits in this calculated value, but

extra digits for now.

Now you must stop and think carefully about the sign of
. Use the fact that heat is
defined to be positive if the energy of the system increases, and negative if the energy
of the system decreases.

In this case, energy must flow out of the system for the
be negative:

to freeze, so

must

You're next step is to divide

by the temperature. Be careful! You need to use
the absolute temperature, in kelvins:
There is
significant decimal
place in this calculated value, but
keep all of the decimal places for
now.
Now you're ready to use the Clausius equation:
Since there were

significant digits in your calculated value for

and

digits in the absolute temperature, you should round your final answer to
digits.
Also, you might want to convert your answer to a more convenient unit.

significant
significant