Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Unit 2
Unit 2
30203
3
2544
1
4
61
68
30203
3
4
1
2
3
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. 30203
3 14
2.
3.
()
4. 3
3
5. 3
70
6.
()
(...)
CD
(...)
B
E
(
... )
B
(
... )
E
ABC OMN
C = OM
N
AB
AM = OB , CAB = NOM
AC = ON
O
M
B
A
ABC OMN
B = NO
M AB
C = OM
N
AM = OB , CA
AC = ON
B = NO
M
CA
AM = OB
AM = AB+ BM
OB = OM + MB
AB + BM = OM + MB
AB = OM
C = OM
N
AB
ABC OMN
AC = ON
1. AM = OB
2. AM = AB + BM
3. OB = OM + MB
4. AB + BM = OM + MB
5. AB = OM
6. CAB = NOM
1.
2.
3.
4. 1 , 2 , 3
5. 4
6.
C = OM
N
AB
7.
8.
ABC OMN
AC = ON
7. 5 6 (..)
8.
1
1. ABCD E F
AD BC CED = AFB
B
A
............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
ABCD
AD = BC
E AD
F BC
ED = FB
C = FB
A
ED
EDC FBA
CED = AFB
CD = AB
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
2.
QS = QP
SR = PR QR PQS
S
R
Q
............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
3. AD BAC
BD = CD
AB BD
AC CD
C
............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
..................................................................
1
ABCD E F
1.
AD
BC
CED = AFB
1. ABCD
2. AD = BC
3. E AD
F BC
4. ED = FB
5. EDC = FBA
6.
7.
8.
CD = AB
EDC FBA
CED = AFB
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. 4 , 5 6 (..)
8.
2. QS = QP SR = PR
QR PQS
QS = QP
QR = QR
SR = PR
QSR QPR
R = PQ
R
SQ
S
QR PQ
1. QS = QP
2. QR = QR
3. SR = PR
4. QSR QPR
5. SQR = PQR
6.
S
QR PQ
3. AD BAC
BD = CD
1.
2.
3.
4. ..
5.
6. 5
AB BD
AC CD
D = ACD
AB
D = CA
D
BA
ABD ACD
BD = CD
AD = AD
1. ABD = ACD
2. BAD = CAD
3. AD = AD
4. ABD ACD
5. BD = CD
1. 90
2. AD BAC
3.
4. ..
5.
B
A
A
BAC
BC
ABC ACB
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
...... ......
1.1
A
.................................................................................................
......................................................................................
AB D AC E AD = AE
D
E
ABC AB = AC
ACB = ABC
AB D AC E AD = AE
AB = AC
ABE ACD
E = CA
D
BA
AE = AD
BE = CD
C
AEB = AD
BCE CBD
E = CB
D
BC
E = AB
D
AC
B = AB
C
AC
CE = BD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
AB = AC
E = CA
D
BA
AE = AD
ABE ACD
C
BE = CD AEB = AD
AE AC = AD AB
CE = BD
BCE CBD
E = CB
D
BC
E = AB
D
AC
E BC
E = AB
D CB
D
AC
B = AB
C
AC
1.....................................................
2.....................................................
3.....................................................
4.....................................................
5.....................................................
6. 1 3
7. 6
8.....................................................
9.....................................................
10.....................................................
11. 9 10
12. 11
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1 , 2 3 (..)
8. 5 7 (...)
9.
10. 180
1.2
A
D
E
B
C = AC
AB
E
D = AC
AB
BC = BC
B
C = EC
DB
BD = CE
DBC ECB
B = BEC
CD
CD = BE
DAC EAB
AC = AB
C = EA
B
DA
1. ABD = ACE
2. ABC = ACB
3. ABD ABC = ACE ACB
4. DBC = ECB
5. BC = BC
6. BD = CE
7. DBC ECB
8. CDB = BEC CD = BE
9. DAC = EAB
10. DAC EAB
11. AC = AB
1.....................................................
2.....................................................
3. 1 2
4. 3
5.....................................................
6.....................................................
7.....................................................
8.....................................................
9.....................................................
10.....................................................
11.....................................................
1.
2.
5.
6.
7.
8.
180
4 , 5 6 (..)
9.
10. 8 9 (..)
11.
1.1
1.2
ABC AB = AC
A
DF = EG
AD = BF = CG = AE
ABC
DF = EG
G
AB = AC
AD = BF = CG = AE
AB = AC
AD = AE
DB = EC
G
F = EC
DB
BF = CG
DBF ECG
DF = EG
1. AB = AC
2. AD = AE
3. DB = EC
4. DBE = ECG
5. BF = CG
6. DBF ECG
7. DF = EG
1.
2.
3. 1 2
4. AB = AC
5.
6. 3 , 4 , 5 (..)
7.
2
1.
ABC P , Q R
ABC PQR
A
R
P
B
.....................................................................................
............................................................................
...........................................................................................
AP = BP
R = PB
Q
PA
APR BPQ
PR = PQ
AR = BQ
PQR
PR = PQ = QR
AP = CQ
R = QC
R
PA
AR = CR
APR CQR
PR = QR
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
2.
ABC
ABC
A = B = C
....................................................................................................
.........................................................................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
...........................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
3. AC BD M AB DC
..............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
4. ABC DBC BC
AB = AC DB = DC AD ABD ACD
..............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
A
D
B
D , E F
AB , BC AC
AE , BF CD
...
5.
..............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
2
A
1.
P
B
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
P , Q R
ABC
PQR
AP = BP
1. P AB
R = PB
Q
PA
2.
AR = BQ
3. P , Q R
4. ..
APR BPQ
5.
PR = PQ
APR CQR
6. 4
PR = QR
7.
PR = PQ = QR
8. 5 7
PQR
9.
1.
2.
3.
ABC
2.
B
ABC A = B = C
ABC
=B
ABC
BC = AC
AB = AC = BC
=C
B
AC = AB
1. A = B
2. BC = AC
3. B = C
4. AC = AB
5. AB = AC = BC
6. ABC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. 2 4
6.
3.
D
M
B
AC BD M
AB // DC
1. AC BD M
1. AM = CM
2. AMB = CMD
2.
3. AC BD M
3. BM = DM
4. AMB CMD 4. 1 , 2 3 (..)
5. BAM = DCM
5.
6.
6. AB // DC
4.
A
D
B
B
D
DBC BC
AB = AC DB = DC AD
ABD ACD
1.
1. AB = AC
2. DB = DC
2.
3. AD
3. AD = AD
4. ABD ACD
4. ..
5. ABD ACD
5. 4
ABC
5.
A
F
ABC AD , BE CF
AD = BE = CF
1. ABC
1. AB = CB
2.
2. ABD = CBF
3. BD = BF
3. D F BC AB
4. ABD CBF
4. ..
5. AD = CF
5.
6. 4
6. ACD BCE
7. AD = BE
7.
8. AD = BE = CF
8. 5 7
1.
AB = AC = CD
BAD = 120 x
A
120
()
D = CD
A = x
CA
C = 120 x
BA
B = 180 (120 x)
C = AC
ABC , AB
2
(
)
60 + x
2
ACD = 180 2 x
A + AC
D = 60 + x + 180 2x = 180
BC
2
60 + x
= 2x
2
A =
BC
60 + x = 4 x
3x = 60
60
x =
3
x = 20
()
3
1. AB = BE , AC = CD ,
x + y
C = 70
AB
ACB = 50
x+y=
70
50
y
C
2. AB = BC , AC = CD ADC = 35 ABC
A
B
C = ....................
AB
3.
AB = AC , D AB
C
AD = DC = BC BA
A
ABC
x
D
C = ....................
BA
2x
2x
3
1.
E = 180 70 = 110
AB
B = 180 110
AEB = EA
2
( ABE )
x = 35
D = 180 50 = 130
AC
D = CD
A = 180 130
CA
( ACD )
2
y = 25
x + y = 35 + 25
x + y = 60
)
B = 35 + 35 = 70
AC
AB = BC ACB = CAB = 70 ( ABC )
B + CA
B)
C = 180 (AC
AB
(
180 )
3.
AD = DC = BC
C = DC
A = x
DA
C = 2x
BD
C = DB
C = 2x
BD
B = 2x
C = AC
AB
A + CA
B = 180
C + BC
AB
2x + 2x + x = 180
5x = 180
180
x =
5
x = 36
( )
( ADC AD = DC
)
(
)
( BDC DC = BC
)
( ABC
)
(
180 )
1. - - (..)
2. - - (..)
3. - - (..)
4. - - (..)
( - - .. )
ABC
AC = DF
C = GD
F = 90
BA
ABC DGF
AB = DG
ABC DEF
D = FED
FG
F = ED
F
GD
DGF DEF
DF = DF
1. AC = DF
2. BAC = 90
3. GDF = 90
4. BAC = GDF
5. AB = DG
6. ABC DGF
7. BC = GF
8. BC = EF
9. GF = EF
10. FGD = FED
11. EDF = 90
12. GDF = EDF
13. DF = DF
14. DGF DEF
15..................................
1.
2.
3. EDF = 90 EDG
4. ..........................................................
5.
6. 1, 4 5 ( .. )
7.
8. ..........................................................
9. ..........................................................
10. ..........................................................
11. ..........................................................
12. 3 11
13. ..........................................................
14. ..........................................................
15. 6 14
4. 2 3
8.
9. 7 8
10. 9
11.
13.
14. 10 , 12 13 (..)
15. ABC DEF
(..)
ABC AB = AC CD BE
AB AC D E CD = BE
AD = AE
A
D
C
B
ABC AB = AC CD BE
AB AC D E
CD = BE AD = AE
E = CB
D
BC
B
BEC = CD
BC = BC
BCE CBD
C = AEB
AD
BE = CD
ADC AEB
AD = AE
AC = AB
1.
E = CB
D
BC
2.
3.
4.
5.
B = 90
BEC = CD
6.
7.
8.
9.
BC = BC
BCE CBD
BE = CD
C = AEB = 90
AD
AC = AB
ADC AEB
AD = AE
1.
2. BE AC CD AB
3. BC
4. ..
5.
6. CD AB BE AC
7.
8. ..
9.
AB = AC
4
1. ABC DEC ACB DCE
AB = DE BC = EC AC = DC
D
C
E
A
..............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
2.
ABCD
BF = BE FD = ED
E
..............................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
3. ABCDE AB = BC = CD = DE = EA
ABC = BCD = CDE = DEA = EAB M AB
DM EDM = CDM
D
E
.................................................................................................
........................................................................................
( EM CM )
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
4
1.
C
E
A
ACB DCE
AB = DE BC = EC
AC = DC
1.
1. ACB = DCE = 90
2. AB = DE
2.
3.
3. BC = EC
4. ABC DEC
4. ..
5. AC = DC
5.
ABC DEC
2.
ABCD BF = BE
FD = ED
1. FAB = ECB = 90
1.
2. AB = CB
2.
3. BF = BE
3.
4. ABF CBE
4. ..
5.
5. FA = EC
6. DA = CD
6.
7. DA FA = CD EC
7. 5 6
8. FD = ED
8. 7
3.
D
E
ABCDE
AB = BC = CD = DE = EA
D = CD
B
C = BC
E = DEA = EA
AB
M AB DM
EDM = CDM
EM CM
1.
1. EA = CB
2. EAM = CBM
2.
3. AM = BM
3. M AB
4. ..
4. EAM CBM
5. EM = CM
5.
6. DE = DC
6.
7. DM = DM
7. DM
8. ..
8. DEM DCM
9. EDM = CDM
9.
2 1
1 6
2 1
1
( 2 )
1. ABC AB = AC , ABC = x
ACB = 90 2x BAC
A
90 2 x
C = .....................................................
BA
2.
ACD
ABC
40
D
D = .....................................................
AC
3.
A
C = 40 AD BC
AB
C
AE = ED
AE // BC , EF // CD AD = BF
AEF
BCD
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
C
A
D
..........................................................................
5. ABCD AP = PB DPC
..........................................................................
6. ( 5 )
1.
AB = AC
ABC AE // BC
D
ABC
D
AE CA
........................................................................................................
........................................................................................................
...............................................................................................
1. .........................................................
1. AB = AC
2. ABC = ACB
2. .........................................................
3. ..........................................................
3. DAC = ABC + ACB
4. ...............................................
4. 2 3
5. DAC = 2 (EAC)
5. ...........................................................
6. 2 (ACB) = 2 (EAC)
6. ..........................................................
7. .................................................
7. 6
8. .........................................................
8. AE // BC
2
(5 )
ABC E BC CD // AB AE
CD D ABC ACD
C
E
B
.........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
...........................................................
1
1. BAC = 120
2. ACD = 100
3. AFE = BDC
AF = BD
E = DB
C
FA
4. ..
5. ..
2
1.
D
AEF = BC
AF = BD
E = DB
C
FA
D
AEF = BC
AF = BD
C
AFE = BD
D
ABC AB = AC AE CA
ABC
AE // BC
1.
2.
3.
4. DAC = 2 (ACB)
5. AE DAC
6. 4 5
7. ACB = EAC
8.
E BC CD // AB
AE CD D
ABC ACD
1. CD // AB
1. CDE = BAE
2. CD // AB
2. ECD = EBA
3. CE = BE
3. E BC
4. CED BEA
4. ..
5. CED BEA
5.
6.
6. CED + CEA
BEA + CEA
7. ACD ABC 7. 6
2.
ABC
. .3 021 022 . ;
.
021
2521 ( ..2533). ; 2537.
.
2
3 2544.
.
1
1 2544. 5.
; , 2548.
.
1
1 2544. 6.
; , 2548.
.
2
3 2544. ;
, 2548.