(Vnmath - Com) Chuyen de LTDH 20140huythuong

CHUYN LUYN THI I HC
2013 - 2014
KHO ST HM S
BIN SON: LU HUY THNG
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
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CHUYN :
KHO ST S BIN THIN V V TH HM S
CC BI TON LIN QUAN N KHO ST HM S
VN 1: TNH N IU CA HM S
1. inh ngha:
Hm s f ng bin trn K (x1, x 2 K , x1 < x 2 f (x1 ) < f (x 2 ))
Hm s f nghch bin trn K (x1, x 2 K , x1 < x 2 f (x1 ) > f (x 2 ))
2. iu kin cn:
Gi s f c o hm trn khong I.
a) Nu f ng bin trn khong I th f '(x ) 0, x I
b) Nu f nghch bin trn khong I th f '(x ) 0, x I
3.iu kin :
Gi s f c o hm trn khong I.
a) Nu f '(x ) 0, x I ( f '(x ) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f ng bin trn I.
b) Nu f '(x ) 0, x I ( f '(x ) = 0 ti mt s hu hn im) th f nghch bin trn I.
c) Nu f '(x ) = 0, x I , x I th f khng i trn I.
Ch : Nu khong I c thay bi on hoc na khong th f phi lin tc trn .
Dng ton 1: Xt tnh n iu ca hm s

Phng php: xt chiu bin thin ca hm s y = f(x), ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
Tnh y. Tm cc im m ti y = 0 hoc y khng tn ti (gi l cc im ti hn)
Lp bng xt du y (bng bin thin). T kt lun cc khong ng bin, nghch bin ca hm s.
Bi tp c bn
HT 1. Xt tnh n iu ca cc hm s sau:
1) y = x 3 2x 2 + x 2
2) y = (4 x )(x 1)2
3) y = x 3 3x 2 + 4x 1
6) y =
4) y =
1 4
x 2x 2 1
4
5) y = x 4 2x 2 + 3
7) y =
2x 1
x +5
8) y =
10) y = x + 3 + 2 2 x
x 1
2 x
11) y =
2x 1 3 x
1 4
1
x + x2 2
10
10
9) y = 1
1
1x
12) y = x 2 x 2
B HC V B - CHUYN CN S TI BN
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Dng ton2: Tm iu kin hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn tp xc nh

(hoc trn tng khong xc nh)
Cho hm s y = f (x, m ) , m l tham s, c tp xc nh D.
Hm s f ng bin trn D y 0, x D.
Hm s f nghch bin trn D y 0, x D.
T suy ra iu kin ca m.
Ch :
1) y = 0 ch xy ra ti mt s hu hn im.
2) Nu y ' = ax 2 + bx + c th:
a = b = 0
c 0
y ' 0, x R
a > 0
a = b = 0
c 0
y ' 0, x R
a < 0
3) nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c :
Nu < 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a.

Nu = 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a (tr x =
b
)
2a
Nu > 0 th g(x) c hai nghim x1, x2 v trong khong hai nghim th g(x) khc du vi a, ngoi khong hai nghim
th g(x) cng du vi a.
4) So snh cc nghim x1, x 2 ca tam thc bc hai g (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c vi s 0:
> 0
x1 < x 2 < 0 P > 0
S < 0
> 0
0 < x1 < x 2 P > 0 x1 < 0 < x 2 P < 0
S > 0
5) hm s y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c di khong ng bin (nghch bin) (x1; x 2 ) bng d th ta thc hin cc bc

sau:
Tnh y.
Tm iu kin hm s c khong ng bin v nghch bin:
a 0
(1)
> 0
Bin i x1 x 2 = d thnh (x1 + x 2 )2 4x1x 2 = d 2
(2)
S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

Gii phng trnh, so vi iu kin (1) chn nghim.
Bi tp c bn
HT 2. Tm m cc hm s sau lun ng bin trn tp xc nh (hoc tng khong xc nh) ca n:
1) y = x 3 3mx 2 + (m + 2)x m
3) y =
HT 3.
x +m
x m
2) y =
x 3 mx 2
2x + 1
3
2
4) y =
mx + 4
x +m
Tm m hm s:
1) y = x 3 + 3x 2 + mx + m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 1.

2) y =
1 3 1
x mx 2 + 2mx 3m + 1 nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 3.
3
2
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1
3) y = x 3 + (m 1)x 2 + (m + 3)x 4 ng bin trn mt khong c di bng 4.
3
HT 4.
Tm m hm s:
1) y =
x3
+ (m + 1)x 2 (m + 1)x + 1 ng bin trn khong (1; +).
3
2) y = x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + (12m + 5)x + 2 ng bin trn khong (2; +).

3) y =
mx + 4
(m 2) ng bin trn khong (1; +).
x +m
4) y =
x +m
ng bin trong khong (1; +).
x m
BI TP TNG HP NNG CAO

HT 5.
Cho hm s
y = x 3 + 3x 2 mx 4 (1).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn
khong (; 0) . /s: m
HT 6.
Cho hm s
y = 2x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + 6m(m + 1)x + 1 c th (Cm).Tm m hm s ng bin trn
khong (2; +) /s: m

HT 7.
Cho hm s y
/s: m
HT 8.
= x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2 . Tm m hm ng bin trn (0;+) .
5
4
Cho hm s
y = x 4 2mx 2 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong
(1; 2). /s: m [ ;1)

HT 9.
Cho hm s y = x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + (12m + 5)x + 2 ng bin trn khong (; 1) v (2; +)

/s:
7
5
m
12
12
HT 10. Cho hm s y = x 3 mx 2 (2m 2 7m + 7)x + 2(m 1)(2m 3) . Tm m hm s ng bin trn [2; +).
/s: 1 m
5
2
---------------------------------------------------------
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VN 2: CC TR CA HM S
I. KIN THC CN NH
I.Khi nim cc tr ca hm s
Gi s hm s f xc nh trn tp D (D ) v x 0 D
1) x 0 im cc i ca f nu tn ti khong (a; b) D v x 0 (a; b) sao cho
f (x ) < f (x 0 ) , x (a; b) \ {x 0} .
Khi f (x 0 ) c gi l gi tr cc i (cc i) ca f .
2) x 0 im cc tiu ca f nu tn ti khong (a; b) D v x 0 (a; b) sao cho
f (x ) > f (x 0 ) , x (a; b) \ {x 0} .
Khi f (x 0 ) c gi l gi tr cc tiu (cc tiu) ca f .
3) Nu x 0 l im cc tr ca f th im (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) c gi l im cc tr ca th hm s f .
II. iu kin cn hm s c cc tr
Nu hm s f c o hm ti x 0 v t cc tr ti im th f '(x 0 ) = 0 .
Ch : Hm s f ch c th t cc tr ti nhng im m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng c o hm.
III. iu kin hm s c cc tr
1. nh l 1: Gi s hm s f lin tc trn khong (a; b) cha im x 0 v c o hm trn (a; b) \ {xo }
1) Nu f '(x ) i du t m sang dng khi x i qua x 0 th f t cc tiu ti x 0 .
2) Nu f '(x ) i du t dng sang m khi x i qua x 0 th f t cc i ti x 0
2. nh l 2: Gi s hm s f c o hm trn khong (a; b) cha im x 0 , f '(x 0 ) = 0 v c o hm cp hai khc 0 ti
im x 0 .
1) Nu f "(x 0 ) < 0 th f t cc i ti x 0 .
2) Nu f "(x 0 ) > 0 th f t cc tiu ti x 0 .
II. CC DNG TON

Dng ton 1: Tm cc tr ca hm s
Qui tc 1: Dng nh l 1.
Tm f '(x ) .
Tm cc im x i (i = 1, 2,...) m ti o hm bng 0 hoc khng c o hm.
Xt du f '(x ) . Nu f '(x ) i du khi x i qua x i th hm s t cc tr ti x i .
Qui tc 2: Dng nh l 2.
Tnh f '(x )
Gii phng trnh f '(x ) = 0 tm cc nghim x i (i = 1, 2,...)
Tnh f "(x ) v f "(xi ) (i = 1, 2,...) .
Nu f "(x i ) < 0 th hm s t cc i ti x i .
Nu f "(x i ) > 0 th hm s t cc tiu ti x i
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Bi tp c bn
HT 11. Tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
1) y = 3x 2 2x 3
2) y = x 3 2x 2 + 2x 1
1
3) y = x 3 + 4x 2 15x
3
6) y =
4) y =
x4
x2 + 3
2
5) y = x 4 4x 2 + 5
7) y =
x 2 + 3x + 6
x +2
8) y =
3x 2 + 4x + 5
x +1
4x 2 + 2x 1
10) y = (x 2)3 (x + 1)4
11) y =
13) y = x x 2 4
14) y = x 2 2x + 5
2x 2 + x 3
9) y =
x4
3
+ x2 +
2
2
x 2 2x 15
x 3
12) y =
3x 2 + 4x + 4
x2 + x + 1
15) y = x + 2x x 2
Dng ton 2: Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr

1. Nu hm s y = f (x ) t cc tr ti im x 0 th f '(x 0 ) = 0 hoc ti x 0 khng c o hm.
2. hm s y = f (x ) ) t cc tr ti im x 0 th f '(x ) i du khi x i qua x 0 .
Ch :
Hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c cc tr Phng trnh y ' = 0 c hai nghim phn bit.

Khi nu x0 l im cc tr th ta c th tnh gi tr cc tr y(x0) bng hai cch:
+ y(x 0 ) = ax 03 + bx 02 + cx 0 + d
+ y(x 0 ) = Ax 0 + B , trong Ax + B l phn d trong php chia y cho y.
Bi tp c bn
HT 12. Tm m hm s:
1) y = (m + 2)x 3 + 3x 2 + mx 5 c cc i, cc tiu.
2) y = x 3 3(m 1)x 2 + (2m 2 3m + 2)x m(m 1) c cc i, cc tiu.
3) y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 1)x m 3
4) y = 2x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + 6m(m + 1)x + 1 x = 2
5) y = x 3 3mx 2 + (m 2 1)x + 2 t cc i ti
6) y = mx 4 + 2(m 2)x 2 + m 5 c mt cc i x =
1
.
2
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HT 13. Tm a, b, c, d hm s:
1) y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d t cc tiu bng 0 ti x = 0 v t cc i bng
1
4
ti x =
3
27
2) y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c c th i qua gc to O v t cc tr bng 9 ti x =
3.
HT 14. Tm m cc hm s sau khng c cc tr:

1) y = x 3 3x 2 + 3mx + 3m + 4
2) y = mx 3 + 3mx 2 (m 1)x 1
HT 15. Tm m hm s :
1) y = x 3 + 2(m 1)x 2 + (m 2 4m + 1)x 2(m 2 + 1) t cc tr ti hai im x1, x 2 sao cho:
1
1
1
+
= (x1 + x 2 ) .
x1 x 2
2
2) y =
1 3
x mx 2 + mx 1 t cc tr ti hai im x1, x 2 2 sao cho: x1 x 2 8 .
3
3) y =
1
1
mx 3 (m 1)x 2 + 3(m 2)x + t cc tr ti hai im x1, x 2 sao cho: x1 + 2x 2 = 1 .
3
3
HT 16. Tm m th hm s :
1) y = x 3 + mx 2 4 c hai im cc tr l A, B v AB 2 =
900m 2
.
729
2) y = x 4 mx 2 + 4x + m c 3 im cc tr l A, B, C v tam gic ABC nhn gc to O lm trng tm.
BI TP TNG HP V NNG CAO

HT 17. Tm m th hm s :
1) y = 2x 3 + mx 2 12x 13 c hai im cc tr cch u trc tung. /s: m = 0
2) y = x 3 3mx 2 + 4m 3 c cc im cc i, cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng phn gic th nht.
/s: m =
1
2
3) y = x 3 3mx 2 + 4m 3 c cc im cc i, cc tiu v mt pha i vi ng thng d : 3x 2y + 8 = 0 .
4
/s: m ;1 \ {0}
3
HT 18. Tm m th hm s:
1) y = x 3 + 3x 2 + m c 2 im cc tr ti A, B sao cho AOB = 1200
/s: m = 0, m =
12 + 132
3
3 9
2) y = x 4 2mx 2 + 2 c 3 im cc tr to thnh 1 tam gic c ng trn ngoi tip i qua D ; /s: m = 1
5 5
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3) y = x 4 + 2mx 2 + m 2 + m c 3 im cc tr to thnh 1 tam gic c mt gc bng 1200.

/s: m =
1
3
4) y = x 4 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 c 3 im cc tr to thnh 1 tam gic c din tch bng 4.

/s: m = 3 2
HT 19. Tm m hm s:
1) y = x 3 3mx + 2 c hai im cc tr v ng trn qua 2 im cc tr ct ng trn tm I (1;1) bn knh
bng 1 ti hai im A, B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB ln nht. /s: m =
2 3
2
9
2) y = 4x 3 + mx 2 3x c hai im cc tr x1, x 2 tha mn: x1 +4x2 = 0 /s: m =
2
HT 20. Tm m hm s:
1) y = 2x 3 + 3(m 1)x 2 + 6(m 2)x 1 c ng thng i qua hai im cc tr song song vi ng thng
y = 4x 1 . /s: m = 5
2) y = 2x 3 + 3(m 1)x 2 + 6m(1 2m )x c cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th nm trn ng thng y = 4x .
/s: m = 1
3) y = x 3 + mx 2 + 7x + 3 c ng thng i qua cc im cc i, cc tiu vung gc vi ng thng
y = 3x 7 . /s: m =
3 10
2
4) y = x 3 3x 2 + m 2x + m c cc im cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng (): y =
1
5
x .
2
2
/s: m = 0
-------------------------------------------------------
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VN 3: KHO ST S BIN THIN V V TH HM S

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. Cc bc kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s
Tm tp xc nh ca hm s.
Xt s bin thin ca hm s:
+ Tm cc gii hn ti v cc, gii hn v cc v tm tim cn (nu c).
+ Tnh y ' .
+ Tm cc im ti o hm y ' = 0 hoc khng xc nh.
+ Lp bng bin thin ghi r du ca o hm, chiu bin thin, cc tr ca hm s.
V th ca hm s:
+ Tm im un ca th (i vi hm s bc ba v hm s trng phng).
+ V cc ng tim cn (nu c) ca th.
+ Xc nh mt s im c bit ca th nh giao im ca th vi cc trc to (trong trng hp
th khng ct cc trc to hoc vic tm to giao im phc tp th c th b qua). C th tm thm mt s
im thuc th c th v chnh xc hn.
2. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
(a 0)
Tp xc nh D = .
th lun c mt im un v nhn im un lm tm i xng.
Cc dng th:
a>0
a<0
y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit
' = b 2 3ac > 0
I
0
y ' = 0 c nghim kp
' = b 2 3ac = 0
y ' = 0 v nghim
' = b 2 3ac < 0
y
I
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3. Hm s trng phng y = ax 4 + bx 2 + c (a 0)
Tp xc nh D =
th lun nhn trc tung lm trc i xng.
Cc dng th:
a>0
a<0
y
y
c 3 nghim phn bit
ch c 1 nghim
4. Hm s nht bin y =
ax + b
(c 0; ad bc 0)
cx + d
d
Tp xc nh D = \

c
th c mt tim cn ng l
x=
d
a
v mt tim cn ngang l y = . Giao im ca hai tim cn l tm i
c
c
xng ca th hm s.
Cc dng th:
y
ad bc >
ad bc <
Bi tp c bn
HT 21. Kho st s bin thin v v th cc hm s sau:
x3
x2 + x 1
3
1. y = x 3 + 3x 2 1
2. y =
4. y = x 4 2x 2 + 2
5. y = x 4 x 2 + 1
7. y =
2x 1
x 1
8. y =
3. y =
6. y =
x3
+ x 2 2x + 1
3
x 1
x +1
x 1
2x + 1
----------------------------------------------------
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VN 4: S TNG GIAO CA CC TH
Dng ton 1: Dng th hm s bin lun s nghim phng trnh
C s ca phng php: Xt phng trnh:
(1)
f (x ) = g(x )
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) = S giao im ca (C1 ) : y = f (x ) v (C 2 ) : y = g(x )

Nghim ca phng trnh (1) l honh giao im ca (C1 ) : y = f (x ) v (C 2 ) : y = g(x )
bin lun s nghim ca phng trnh F (x, m) = 0 (*) bng th ta bin i (*) v dng sau:
F (x, m) = 0 f (x ) = g(m )
(1)
Khi (1) c th xem l phng trnh honh
g(m
yC
giao im ca hai ng:
(C ) : y = f (x ) v d : y = g(m)
xA
(C)
(4) : y =
g(m)
yCT
d l ng thng cng phng vi trc honh.

Da vo th (C) ta bin lun s giao im
ca (C) v d . T suy ra s nghim ca (1)
Bi tp c bn
HT 22. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s. Dng th (C) bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng
trnh:
1) y = x 3 3x + 1; x 3 3x + 1 m = 0
2) y = x 3 + 3x 1; x 3 3x + m + 1 = 0
3) y = x 3 3x + 1; x 3 3x m 2 2m 2 = 0
4) y = x 3 + 3x 1; x 3 3x + m + 4 = 0
5) y =
x4
+ 2x 2 + 2; x 4 4x 2 4 + 2m = 0
2
6) y = x 4 2x 2 + 2; x 4 2x 2 m + 2 = 0
HT 23. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s. Dng th (C) bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng
trnh:
1) (C ) : y = x 3 3x 2 + 6;
x 3 3x 2 + 6 m + 3 = 0
3
2) (C ) : y = 2x 3 9x 2 + 12x 4; 2 x 9x 2 + 12 x + m = 0
3) (C ) : y = (x + 1)2 (2 x ); (x + 1)2 2 x = (m + 1)2 (2 m )
4) (C ) : y =
x 1
x +1
x 1
x 1
x 1
x 1
= m;
= m;
= m;
=m
x +1
x +1
x +1
x +1
------------------------------------------------
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Dng ton 2: Tm iu kin tng giao gia cc th

1.Cho hai th (C1 ) : y = f (x ) v (C 2 ) : y = g(x ) . tm honh giao im ca (C1 ) v (C 2 ) ta gii phng trnh:
f (x ) = g(x ) (*) (gi l phng trnh honh giao im).
S nghim ca phng trnh (*) bng s giao im ca hai th.
2. th hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d (a 0) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit
Phng trnh ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d = 0 c 3 nghim phn bit.
Bi tp c bn
HT 24. Tm to giao im ca cc th ca cc hm s sau:
x2
3
y = 2x 4
+ 3x
y =
2
2
1)
2)
x 1
2
x 1
y = x + 2x + 4
y = +
2 2
3
y = 4x 3x
3)
y = x + 2
HT 25. Tm m th cc hm s:
1) y = (x 1)(x 2 mx + m 2 3) ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit.
2) y = mx 3 + 3mx 2 (1 2m )x 1 ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit.
3) y = x 3 + 2x 2 + mx + 2m; y = x + 2 ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
4) y = x 3 + 2x 2 2x + 2m 1; y = 2x 2 x + 2 ct nhau ti ba im phn bit.
HT 26. Tm m th cc hm s:
1) y = x 4 2x 2 1; y = m ct nhau ti bn im phn bit.
2) y = x 4 m(m + 1)x 2 + m 3 ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
3) y = x 4 (2m 3)x 2 + m 2 3m ct trc honh ti bn im phn bit.
HT 27. Bin lun theo m s giao im ca cc th ca cc hm s sau:
x3
3
y = x 3x 2
y =
+ 3x
1)
2)
3
y = m(x 2)
y = m(x 3)
HT 28. Tm m th ca cc hm s:
3x + 1
; y = x + 2m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B. Khi tm m on AB ngn nht.
1) y =
x 4
2) y =
4x 1
; y = x + m ct nhau ti hai im phn bit A, B. Khi tm m on AB ngn nht.
2 x
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HT 29. Tm m hm s:
1) y =
2x 1
(C ) ct ng thng : y = x + m ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho AB = 2 2 /s: m = 1; m = 7
x +1
2) y =
x 1
(C ) ct ng thng : y = x + m ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho A, B c di nh nht.
2x
/s: m =
3) y =
1
2
2x 1
(C ) ct ng thng : y = x + m ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho tam gic OAB vung ti O.
x 1
/s: m = 2
4) y =
2mx 2m 3
(C ) ct ng thng : y = x 2 ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho AOB = 450
x +2
5) y =
(1 + m )x + 2(1 m )
OA OB
+
=4
ct ng thng : y = x ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho:
x
OB OA
6) y =
3x + 1
ct ng thng : y = (m + 1)x + m 2 ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch
x 1
bng
3
.
2
7) y =
x +1
(C ) ct ng thng : 2mx 2y + m + 1 = 0, ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho biu
2x + 1
thc P = OA2 + OB 2 t gi tr nh nht.
x +2
(C ) Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tm trn th (C) hai im A, B sao cho tam gic
x 1
IAB nhn H (4; 2) lm trc tm. /s: (2; 4),(2; 0)
HT 30. Cho hm s y =
HT 31. Cho hm s y =
x + 1
(C ) Xc nh m ng thng : y = x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit
2x 1
c honh x1, x 2 sao cho tng f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) t gi tr ln nht.

HT 32. Cho hm s y =
x 1
(C ) Xc nh m ng thng : y = x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit c
2x + 1
honh x1, x 2 sao cho tng f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) t gi tr nh nht.
3x 4
(C ) Xc nh ta cc im trn th (C) sao cho tng khong cch t im n
2x 3
trc honh gp 2 ln khong cch t im n tim cn ng.
-----------------------------------------------------
HT 33. Cho hm s y =
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VN 5: S TIP XC CA HAI NG CONG
1. ngha hnh hc ca o hm: o hm ca hm s y = f (x ) ti im x 0 l h s gc ca tip tuyn vi th (C) ca

hm s ti im M 0 (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) .
Khi phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im M 0 (x 0 ; f (x 0 )) l:
y y0 = f '(x 0 )(x x 0 )
(y0 = f (x 0 ))
2. iu kin cn v hai ng (C1 ) : y = f (x ) v (C 2 ) : y = g(x ) tip xc nhau l h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f (x ) = g(x )
(*)
f '(x ) = g '(x )
Nghim ca h (*) l honh ca tip im ca hai ng .

3. Nu (C1 ) : y = px + q v (C 2 ) : y = ax 2 + bx + c th (C1) v (C2) tip xc nhau
phng trnh ax 2 + bx + c = px + q c nghim kp.
Dng ton 1: Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng cong (C): y = f(x)

Bi ton 1: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C ) : y = f (x ) ti im M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ) :
Nu cho x 0 th tm y0 = f (x 0 )
Nu cho y0 th tm x 0 l nghim ca phng trnh f (x ) = y0 .
Tnh y ' = f '(x ) . Suy ra y '(x 0 ) = f '(x 0 ) .

Phng trnh tip tuyn l: y y0 = f '(x 0 )(x x 0 )
Bi ton 2: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C ) : y = f (x ) bit c h s gc k cho trc.
Cch 1: Tm to tip im.
Gi M(x0; y0) l tip im. Tnh f (x0).

c h s gc k f (x0) = k (1)
Gii phng trnh (1), tm c x0 v tnh y0 = f(x0). T vit phng trnh ca .
Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.
Phng trnh ng thng c dng: y = kx + m.

tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f (x ) = kx + m
(*)
f '(x ) = k
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Gii h (*), tm c m. T vit phng trnh ca .

Ch : H s gc k ca tip tuyn c th c cho gin tip nh sau:
+ to vi chiu dng trc honh gc th k = tan
+ song song vi ng thng d: y = ax + b th k = a
+ vung gc vi ng thng d: y = ax + b (a 0) th k =
+ to vi ng thng d: y = ax + b mt gc th
1
a
k a
= tan
1 + ka
Bi ton 3: Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C): y = f(x), bit i qua im A(x A ; yA ) .
Cch 1:Tm to tip im.
Gi M(x0; y0) l tip im. Khi : y0 = f(x0), y0 = f (x0).

Phng trnh tip tuyn ti M: y y0 = f (x0).(x x0)
i qua A(x A; yA ) nn: yA y0 = f (x0).(xA x0)
(2)
Gii phng trnh (2), tm c x0. T vit phng trnh ca .

Cch 2: Dng iu kin tip xc.
Phng trnh ng thng i qua A(x A; yA ) v c h s gc k: y yA = k(x x1)

tip xc vi (C) khi v ch khi h phng trnh sau c nghim:
f (x ) = k (x x A ) + yA
f '(x ) = k
(*)
Gii h (*), tm c x (suy ra k). T vit phng trnh tip tuyn .
Bi tp c bn
HT 34. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c ch ra:
1) (C ) : y = 3x 3 x 2 7x + 1 ti A(0; 1)
2) (C ) : y = x 4 2x 2 + 1 ti B(1; 0)
3) (C): y =
3x + 4
ti C(1; 7)
2x 3
4) (C): y =
x +1
ti cc giao im ca (C) vi trc honh, trc tung.
x 2
5) (C): y = 2x 2x 2 + 1 ti cc giao im ca (C) vi trc honh, trc tung.

6) (C): y = x 3 3x + 1 ti im un ca (C).
HT 35. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) ti cc giao im ca (C) vi ng c ch ra:
1) (C): y = 2x 3 3x 2 + 9x 4 v d: y = 7x + 4 .
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2) (C): y = 2x 3 3x 2 + 9x 4 v (P): y = x 2 + 8x 3 .
HT 36. Tnh din tch tam gic chn hai trc to bi tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c ch ra:
5x + 11
(C): y =
ti im A c xA = 2 .
2x 3
HT 37. Tm m tip tuyn ca th (C) ti im c ch ra chn hai trc to mt tam gic c din tch bng S
cho trc:
2x + m
1
1) (C): y =
ti im A c xA = 2
v S = .
2
x 1
2) (C): y =
9
x 3m
ti im B c xB = 1 v S = .
2
x +2
3) (C): y = x 3 + 1 m(x + 1) ti im C c xC = 0 v S = 8.
HT 38. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit c h s gc k c ch ra:
2x 1
1) (C): y = 2x 3 3x 2 + 5 ; k = 12
2) (C): y =
; k = 3
x 2
HT 39. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit song song vi ng thng d cho trc:
1) (C): y =
x3
2x 2 + 3x + 1 ; d: y = 3x + 2
3
2) (C): y =
2x 1
3
; d: y = x + 2
x 2
4
HT 40. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit vung gc vi ng thng d cho trc:
1) (C): y =
x
x3
2x 2 + 3x + 1 ; d: y = + 2
8
3
2) (C): y =
2x 1
; d: y = x
x 2
HT 41. Tm m tip tuyn ca (C) ti im c ch ra song song vi ng thng d cho trc:

1) (C): y =
(3m + 1)x m 2 + m
(m 0) ti im A c yA = 0 v d: y = x 10 .
x +m
HT 42. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit i qua im c ch ra:
1) (C): y = x 3 + 3x 2 ; A(2; 4)
2
3) (C): y = (2 x 2 ) ; C(0; 4)
5) (C): y =
x +2
; E(6; 5)
x 2
2) (C): y = x 3 3x + 1 ; B(1; 6)
4) (C): y =
3
1 4
3
x 3x 2 + ; D 0;
2
2
2
6) (C): y =
3x + 4
; F(2; 3)
x 1
HT 43. Tm m hai ng (C1), (C2) tip xc nhau:

1) (C 1 ) : y = x 3 + (3 + m )x 2 + mx 2; (C 2 ) : trc honh
2) (C 1 ) : y = x 3 2x 2 (m 1)x + m; (C 2 ) : trc honh
3) (C 1 ) : y = x 3 + m(x + 1) + 1; (C 2 ) : y = x + 1
4) (C 1 ) : y = x 3 + 2x 2 + 2x 1; (C 2 ) : y = x + m
HT 44. Tm m hai ng (C1), (C2) tip xc nhau:
1) (C 1 ) : y = x 4 + 2x 2 + 1; (C 2 ) : y = 2mx 2 + m
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2) (C 1 ) : y = x 4 + x 2 1; (C 2 ) : y = x 2 + m
1
9
3) (C1 ) : y = x 4 + 2x 2 + ; (C 2 ) : y = x 2 + m
4
4
4) (C 1 ) : y = (x + 1)2 (x 1)2 ; (C 2 ) : y = 2x 2 + m
5) (C 1 ) : y =
(2m 1)x m 2
; (C 2 ) : y = x
x 1
Dng ton 2: Tm nhng im trn ng thng d m t c th v c 1, 2, 3, tip tuyn vi th (C):
y = f (x )
Gi s d: ax + by +c = 0. M(xM; yM) d.
Phng trnh ng thng qua M c h s gc k: y = k(x xM) + yM

tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f (x ) = k(x x ) + y
M
M
f '(x ) = k
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
(1)
(2)
f(x) = (x xM).f (x) + yM
(C)
S tip tuyn ca (C) v t M = S nghim x ca (C)

Bi tp c bn
HT 45. Tm cc im trn th (C) m t v c ng mt tip tuyn vi (C):
1) (C ) : y = x 3 + 3x 2 2
2) (C ) : y = x 3 3x + 1
HT 46. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c ng mt tip tuyn vi (C):

x +1
x +3
1) (C ) : y =
; d l trc tung
2) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 2x + 1
x 1
x 1
HT 47. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c t nht mt tip tuyn vi (C):
2x + 1
3x + 4
1) (C ) : y =
; d: x = 3
2) (C ) : y =
; d: y = 2
x 2
4x 3
HT 48. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t v c ba tip tuyn vi (C):
1) (C ) : y = x 3 + 3x 2 2 ; d: y = 2
2) (C ) : y = x 3 3x ; d: x = 2
3) (C ) : y = x 3 + 3x + 2 ; d l trc honh
4) (C ) : y = x 3 12x + 12 ; d: y = 4
HT 49. T im A c th k c bao nhiu tip tuyn vi (C):

1) (C ) : y = x 3 9x 2 + 17x + 2 ; A(2; 5)
2) (C ) : y =
4 4
1 3
x 2x 2 + 3x + 4; A ;
9 3
3
HT 50. T mt im bt k trn ng thng d c th k c bao nhiu tip tuyn vi (C):

1) (C ) : y = x 3 6x 2 + 9x 1 ; d : x = 2
2) (C ) : y = x 3 3x ; d : x = 2
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Dng ton 3: Tm nhng im m t c th v c 2 tip tuyn vi th (C): y = f(x) v 2 tip tuyn

vung gc vi nhau
Gi M(xM; yM).
Phng trnh ng thng qua M c h s gc k: y = k(x xM) + yM

tip xc vi (C) khi h sau c nghim:
f (x ) = k(x x ) + y
M
M
f '(x ) = k
Th k t (2) vo (1) ta c:
(1)
(2)
f(x) = (x xM).f (x) + yM
(C)
Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) (C) c 2 nghim phn bit x1, x2.
Hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau f (x1).f (x2) = 1
T tm c M.
Ch : Qua M v c 2 tip tuyn vi (C) sao cho 2 tip im nm v hai pha vi trc honh th
(3) co 2 nghiem phan biet
f (x1 ).f (x 2 ) < 0
Bi tp c bn
HT 51. Chng minh rng t im A lun k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) vung gc vi nhau. Vit phng trnh cc tip
tuyn :
1
(C ) : y = 2x 2 3x + 1; A 0;
4
HT 52. Tm cc im trn ng thng d m t c th v c hai tip tuyn vi (C) vung gc vi nhau:
1) (C ) : y = x 3 3x 2 + 2 ; d: y = 2
2) (C ) : y = x 3 + 3x 2 ; d l trc honh
Dng ton 4: Cc bi ton khc v tip tuyn

HT 53. Cho hypebol (H) v im M bt k thuc (H). Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tip tuyn ti M ct 2 tim cn
ti A v B.
1) Chng minh M l trung im ca on AB.
2) Chng minh din tch ca IAB l mt hng s.
3) Tm im M chu vi IAB l nh nht.
4) Tm M bn knh, chu vi, din tch ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB t gi tr nh nht.
5) Tm M bn knh, chu vi, din tch ng trn ni tip tam gic IAB t gi tr ln nht.
6) Tm M khong cch t I n tip tuyn l ln nht.
1) (H ) : y =
2x 1
x 1
2) (H ) : y =
x +1
x 1
3) (H ) : y =
4x 5
2x + 3
HT 54. Tm m tip tuyn ti im M bt k thuc hypebol (H) ct hai ng tim cn to thnh mt tam gic c din
tch bng S:
2mx + 3
;S =8
1) (H ) : y =
x m
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VN 7: KHONG CCH
Kin thc c bn:

1) Khong cch gia hai im A, B:
AB =
(x B x A )2 + (yB yA )2
2) Khong cch t im M(x0; y0) n ng thng : ax + by + c = 0:

d(M, ) =
ax 0 + by0 + c
a 2 + b2
3) Din tch tam gic ABC:
S=
2
1
1
AB.AC . sin A =
AB 2 .AC 2 (AB.AC )
2
2
Bi tp c bn
HT 55. Tm cc im M thuc hypebol (H) sao cho tng cc khong cch t n hai tim cn l nh nht.
x +2
4x 9
2x 1
1) (H ) : y =
2) (H ) : y =
3) (H ) : y =
x 2
x 3
x +1
HT 56. Tm cc im M thuc hypebol (H) sao cho tng cc khong cch t n hai trc to l nh nht.
2x + 1
4x 9
x 1
2) (H ) : y =
3) (H ) : y =
1) (H ) : y =
x
2
x 3
x +1
HT 57. Cho hypebol (H). Tm hai im A, B thuc hai nhnh khc nhau ca (H) sao cho di AB l nh nht.
2x + 3
4x 9
x 1
1) (H ) : y =
2) (H ) : y =
3) (H ) : y =
2x
x 3
x +1
HT 58. Cho (C) v ng thng d. Tm m d ct (C) ti 2 im A, B sao cho di AB l nh nht.
x +1
(H ) : y =
; d : 2x y + m = 0
x 1
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N TP TNG HP
PHN I: TNH N IU CA HM S
1
(m 1)x 3 + mx 2 + (3m 2)x (1).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng
3
bin trn tp xc nh ca n. /s: m 2
HT 1.
Cho hm s y =
HT 2.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 mx 4 (1).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn
khong (; 0) . /s: m 3
HT 3.
Cho hm s y = 2x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + 6m(m + 1)x + 1 c th (Cm).Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong
(2; +) /s: m 1
5
m
4
HT 4.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2 . Tm m hm ng bin trn (0; +) . /s:
HT 5.
Cho hm s y = x 4 2mx 2 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong (1; 2).
/s: m (;1 .
HT 6. Cho hm s y =
mx + 4
x +m
(1). Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) nghch bin trn khong
(;1) ./s: 2 < m 1 .

HT 7.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + mx + m . Tm m hm s nghch bin trn on c di bng 1. /s: m =
9
4
PHN II: CC TR CA HM S
HT 8.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2 (m l tham s) (1). Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s
(1) c im cc i, im cc tiu, ng thi honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1. /s:

HT 9.
5
7
<m < .
4
5
Cho hm s y = (m + 2)x 3 + 3x 2 + mx 5 , m l tham s.Tm cc gi tr ca m cc im cc i, cc tiu ca
th hm s cho c honh l cc s dng. /s:
3 < m < 2
HT 10. Cho hm s y = 2x 3 3(m + 2)x 2 + 6(5m + 1)x (4m 3 + 2). Tm m hm s t cc tiu ti x 0 (1; 2
/s:
1
m <0
3
1 4
3
x mx 2 + (1).Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c cc tiu m khng c cc i.
2
2
HT 11. Cho hm s y =
/s: m 0
HT 12. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2mx 2 4
(C m ). Tm cc gi tr ca m tt c cc im cc tr ca (C m ) u nm
trn cc trc ta . /s: m = 2; m 0

HT 13. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (2m + 1)x 2 (m 2 3m + 2)x 4 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm). Xc nh m (Cm) c
cc im cc i v cc tiu nm v hai pha ca trc tung. /s: 1 < m < 2 .
HT 14. Cho hm s y =
1 3
x mx 2 + (2m 1)x 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm). Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im
3
m 1
cc i, cc tiu nm v cng mt pha i vi trc tung. /s:
m > 1
2
HT 15. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + mx + m 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm). Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i
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v cc tiu nm v hai pha i vi trc honh. /s: m < 3
1 3
4
x (m + 1)x 2 + (m + 1)3 (C ). Tm m cc im cc tr ca hm s (C) nm v hai pha
3
3
HT 16. Cho hm s y =
1
(pha trong v pha ngoi) ca ng trn c phng trnh: x 2 + y 2 4x + 3 = 0. /s: m <
2
HT 17. Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + 4m 3 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm). Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v
cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng y = x. /s: m =
2
2
HT 18. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3mx 2 3m 1 . Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c im cc i v im cc tiu

i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d : x + 8y 74 = 0 . /s: m = 2
HT 19. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3mx 2 + 3(1 m 2 )x + m 3 m 2 (1).Vit phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr
ca th hm s (1). /s: y = 2x m 2 + m .
HT 20. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + mx + 2 (C m ). Tm m (C m ) c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc tr
ca hm s cch u ng thng d : x y 1 = 0. /s: m = 0
HT 21. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 mx + 2 (m l tham s) c th l (Cm). Xc nh m (Cm) c cc im cc i v
cc tiu cch u ng thng y = x 1 . /s:
HT 22. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + mx
3
m = 0;
(1). Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s (1) c cc im cc i v im
cc tiu i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d : x 2y 5 = 0 . /s: m = 0

HT 23. Cho hm s y = x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 9x + m 2 (1) c th l (Cm). Vi gi tr no ca m th th hm s c
im cc i v im cc tiu i xng vi nhau qua ng thng d : y =
HT 24. Cho hm s y =
1
x . /s: m = 1 .
2
1 3
1
x (m 1)x 2 + 3(m 2)x + , vi m l tham s thc. Xc nh m hm s cho t
3
3
cc tr ti x1, x 2 sao cho x1 + 2x 2 = 1 . /s: m =
4 34
.
4
HT 25. Cho hm s y = x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 9x m , vi m l tham s thc. Xc nh m hm s cho t cc tr ti
x1, x 2 sao cho x1 x 2 2 ./s: 3 m < 1 3 v 1 + 3 < m 1.

HT 26. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2 , vi m l tham s thc. Xc nh m hm s cho t
1
cc tr ti x1, x 2 sao cho x1 x 2 > ./s:
3
m>
3 + 29
m < 1
8
9
HT 27. Cho hm s y = 4x 3 + mx 2 3x . Tm m hm s c hai im cc tr x1, x 2 tha x1 = 4x 2 . /s: m =
2
HT 28. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s y =
1 3 1
x mx 2 + (m 2 3)x c cc i x1 , cc tiu x 2 ng thi x1 ; x 2 l
3
2
di cc cnh gc vung ca mt tam gic vung c di cnh huyn bng

HT 29. Cho hm s y =
14
5
/s: m =
2
2
2 3
x + (m + 1)x 2 + (m 2 + 4m + 3)x + 1. Tm m hm s c cc tr. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
3
biu thc A = x1x 2 2(x1 + x 2 ) vi x1, x 2 l cc im cc tr ca hm s.
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9
khi m = 4
2
HT 30. Cho hm s y = x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 9x m (1) vi m l tham s thc. Xc nh m hm s (1) t cc i ,
m = 1
cc tiu sao cho yCD + yCT = 2 /s:
m = 3
HT 31. Cho hm s y =
1 3
x mx 2 + (m 2 1)x + 1 (Cm ). Tm m hm s c cc i cc tiu v: yC D + yCT > 2
3
1 < m < 0
/s:
m > 1
HT 32. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 2 (1). Tm im M thuc ng thng d : y = 3x 2 sao tng khong cch t M
4 2
ti hai im cc tr nh nht. /s: M ;
5 5
HT 33. Cho hm s
y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 1)x m 3 + m
cch t im cc i ca th hm s n gc ta O bng
(1). Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr ng thi khong

2 ln khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s
m = 3 + 2 2
n gc ta O. /s:
.
m = 3 2 2
HT 34. Cho hm s y = x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 3m(m + 2)x 2 + m (C ) .Tm m th hm s (C) c cc tr ng thi

khong cch t im cc i ca th hm s (C) ti trc Ox bng khong cch t im cc tiu ca th hm s (C)
ti trc Oy. /s: m = 2; m = 1; m = 1; m = 0
HT 35. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 mx + 2 c th l (Cm). Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng
thng i qua cc im cc tr song song vi ng thng d : y = 4x + 3 ./s: m = 3
HT 36. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 mx + 2 c th l (Cm). Tm m (Cm) c cc im cc i, cc tiu v ng
thng i qua cc im cc tr to vi ng thng d : x + 4y 5 = 0 mt gc 450 . /s: m =
1
2
HT 37. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + m (1).Xc nh m th ca hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho
AOB = 1200 . /s: m =
12 + 2 3
3
HT 38. Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3(m 2 1)x m 3 + 4m 1 (1), m l tham s thc. Tm cc gi tr ca m th

hm s (1) c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho tam gic OAB vung ti O, vi O l gc ta . /s: m = 1; m = 2
HT 39. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3(m + 1)x 2 + 3m(m + 2)x + m 3 + 3m 2 . Chng minh rng vi mi m hm s lun c 2 cc
tr v khong cch gia hai im ny khng ph thuc vo v tr ca m.
HT 40. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 mx + 2 (1) vi m l tham s thc. nh m hm s (1) c cc tr, ng thi
ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic cn. /s: m =
3
2
HT 41. Cho hm s y = f (x ) = x 4 + 2(m 2)x 2 + m 2 5m + 5 (C m ) . Tm cc gi tr ca m th (C m ) ca hm s

c cc im cc i, cc tiu to thnh 1 tam gic vung cn. /s: m = 1
HT 42. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2(m 2)x 2 + m 2 5m + 5
(C m ) .
Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c
im cc i v im cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc i v im cc tiu lp thnh mt tam gic u. /s:
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m = 233.
HT 43. Cho hm s y = x 4 + 2mx 2 + m 2 + m c th (Cm) . Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im

cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr lp thnh mt tam gic c mt gc bng 1200 . /s: m =
1
3
HT 44. Cho hm s y = x 4 2mx 2 + m 1 c th (Cm) . Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im cc

tr, ng thi ba im cc tr lp thnh mt tam gic c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip bng 1 .
/s: m = 1; m =
5 1
2
HT 45. Cho hm s y = x 4 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 c th (Cm) . Vi nhng gi tr no ca m th th (Cm) c ba im

cc tr, ng thi ba im cc tr lp thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4. /s: m = 5 16 .
HT 46. Cho hm s x 4 2mx 2 + 2 c th (C m ) . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th (C m ) c ba im cc
3 9
tr to thnh mt tam gic c ng trn ngoi tip i qua im D ;
5 5
/s: m = 1
PHN 3: S TNG GIAO

HT 47. Cho hm s y = x 3 6x 2 + 9x 6 c th l (C). nh m ng thng (d ) : y = mx 2m 4 ct th (C)
ti ba im phn bit. /s: m > 3
HT 48. Cho hm s y = x 3 3m 2x 2m (Cm). Tm m (Cm) v trc honh c ng 2 im chung phn bit.
/s: m = 1
HT 49. Cho hm s y = 2x 3 + 6x 2 + 1 . Tm m ng thng y = mx + 1 ct (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, B, C sao cho
A(0;1) v B l trung im ca AC. /s:m = 4
HT 50. Cho hm s y =
1 3
2
x mx 2 x + m + co ox thi(C m ) . Tm m e| (C m ) ca} t trc hoa nh ta
i 3 ie| m pha n bie
t co to| ng
3
3
bnh phng ca c hoa nh oln hn 15. /s: m > 1

HT 51. Cho hm s: y = 2x 3 3x 2 + 1 (1) . Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct trc tung ti
im c tung bng 8. /s: M (1; 4)
HT 52. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 2mx 2 + (m + 3)x + 4 c th l (Cm) (m l tham s).Cho ng thng (d): y = x + 4 v
im K(1; 3). Tm cc gi tr ca m (d) ct (Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0; 4), B, C sao cho tam gic KBC c din tch
bng 8 2 . /s: m =
HT 53.
1 137
.
2
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 4 c th l (C). Gi dk l ng thng i qua im A(1; 0) vi h s gc k
(k ) . Tm k ng thng dk ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C v 2 giao im B, C cng vi gc to O

to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1 . /s: k = 1
HT 54.
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 2 c th l (C). Gi E l tm i xng ca th (C). Vit phng trnh ng
thng qua E v ct (C) ti ba im E, A, B phn bit sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng
2.
/s: y = x + 1; y = (1 3 ) (x 1) .
HT 55.
Cho hm s y =
4 3
1
x (2m + 1)x 2 + (m + 2)x + c th (C m ), m l tham s. Gi A l giao im ca
3
3
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(C m ) vi trc tung. Tm m sao cho tip tuyn ca (C m ) ti A to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng
/s: m =
HT 56.
1
.
3
13
11
;m =
6
6
Cho hm s y = x 3 + mx + 2 c th (Cm). Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im duy nht.
/s: m > 3 .
HT 57.
Cho hm s y = 2x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 6mx 2 c th (Cm).Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh ti mt im
duy nht. /s: 1 3 < m < 1 + 3

HT 58.
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 1 . Tm m ng thng (): y = (2m 1)x 4m 1 ct th (C) ti ng hai
im phn bit. /s: m =

HT 59.
5
1
;m= .
8
2
Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + (m 1)x + m + 1 c th l (C m ) . Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m
d : y = 2x m 1 ct th (C m ) ti ba im phn bit c honh ln hn hoc bng 1.

/s: khng c gi tr m
HT 60.
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x + 2 (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng ct th (C) ti 3 im phn bit A, B, C sao
cho x A = 2 v BC = 2 2 /s: d : y = x + 2
HT 61. Cho hm s y = 4x 3 6mx 2 + 1 (C), m l tham s. Tm m ng thng d : y = x + 1 ct th hm s ti
3 im A(0;1), B, C vi B, C i xng nhau qua ng phn gic th nht. /s: m =
HT 62.
2
3
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + mx + 1 (m l tham s) (1).Tm m ng thng d : y = 1 ct th hm s (1)
ti ba im phn bit A(0; 1), B, C sao cho cc tip tuyn ca th hm s (1) ti B v C vung gc vi nhau.
/s: m =
9 65
9 + 65
m=
8
8
HT 63.
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x + 1 c th (C) v ng thng (d): y = mx + m + 3 . Tm m (d) ct (C) ti
M (1; 3) , N, P sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti N v P vung gc vi nhau. /s: m =

HT 64.
3 + 2 2
3 2 2
m=
3
3
Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 4 (C). Gi (d) l ng thng i qua im A(2; 0) c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct
(C) ti ba im phn bit A, M, N sao cho hai tip tuyn ca (C) ti M v N vung gc vi nhau.
/s: k =
3 2 2
3
HT 65.
Cho hm s y = x 3 mx + m 1
(C m ). Tm m tip tuyn ca th hm s cho ti im x = 1
ct ng trn (C): (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 4 theo mt dy cung c di nh nht. /s: m = 2

HT 66. Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx + 2 (C m ) . Tm m ng thng i qua im cc i, cc tiu ca (C m ) ct ng
trn tm I (1;1) , bn knh bng 1 ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB t gi tr ln nht
/s: m =
2 3
2
HT 67. Cho hm s y = x 4 mx 2 + m 1 c th l (C m ) nh m th (C m ) ct trc trc honh ti bn im
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m > 1
phn bit. /s:
m 2
HT 68. Cho hm s y = x 4 2(m + 1)x 2 + 2m + 1 (C m ). Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m th hm s

cho ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit A, B, C , D ln lt c honh x1, x 2 , x 3 , x 4 (x1 < x 2 < x 3 < x 4 ) sao cho tam
gic ACK c din tch bng 4 bit K (3; 2). /s: m = 4
HT 69. Cho hm s y = x 4 2 (m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l (C m ) . nh m th (C m ) ct trc honh ti 4 im
4
phn bit c honh lp thnh cp s cng. /s: m =
4;
9
HT 70. Cho hm s y = x 4 (3m + 2)x 2 + 3m c th l (Cm), m l tham s. Tm m ng thng y = 1 ct
1
< m < 1
th (Cm) ti 4 im phn bit u c honh nh hn 2. /s:
3
m 0
HT 71. Cho hm s y = x 4 2 (m + 1) x 2 + 2m + 1 c th l (Cm), m l tham s. Tm m th (Cm) ct trc honh
1
m = m 1.
2
ti 3 im phn bit u c honh nh hn 3. /s:
HT 72. Cho hm s: y = x 4 5x 2 + 4 . Tm tt c cc im M trn th (C) ca hm s sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti
10
10
2 < m < 2
M ct (C) ti hai im phn bit khc M. /s:
30
m
6
2x + 1
c th l (C). Chng minh rng ng thng d : y = x + m lun ct th (C) ti
x +2
HT 73. Cho hm s y =
hai im phn bit A, B. Tm m on AB c di nh nht. /s: m = 0 .

HT 74. Cho hm s y =
x 3
(C). Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua im I (1;1) v ct th (C) ti hai im
x +1
M, N sao cho I l trung im ca on MN. /s: y = kx + k + 1 vi k < 0 .
2x + 4
(C). Gi (d) l ng thng qua A(1; 1) v c h s gc k. Tm k (d) ct (C) ti hai
1x
HT 75. Cho hm s y =
im M, N sao cho MN = 3 10 . /s: k = 3; k =

HT 76. Cho hm s y =
AB =
3 + 41
3 41
; k=
16
16
2x 2
(C). Tm m ng thng (d): y = 2x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
x +1
5 ./s: m = 10; m = 2 .
HT 77. Cho hm s y =
x 1
(1). Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m sao cho ng thng (d): y = x + 2 ct th hm
x +m
s (1) ti hai im A v B sao cho AB = 2 2 . /s: m = 7

HT 78. Cho hm s y =
x +2
(C ). Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m ng thng d : y = x + m ct th
2x 2
(C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho OA2 + OB 2 =
37
2
5
/s: m = m = 2
2
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x
(C ). Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m ng thng d : y = mx m 1 ct
1x
HT 79. Cho hm s y =
th (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho MA2 + MB 2 t gi tr nh nht./s: m = 1
x +1
(C ). Gi d l ng thng qua M (2; 0) v c h s gc l k . Tm k d ct (C) ti hai
x 2
HT 80. Cho hm s y =
im phn bit A, B sao cho : MA = 2MB /s: k =
2
3
x +3
c th (H). Tm m ng thng d :y = 2x + 3m ct (H) ti hai im phn bit sao
x +2
HT 81. Cho hm s y =
cho OAOB
.
= 4 vi O l gc ta . /s: m =
HT 82. Tm trn (H) : y =
7
12
x + 1
cc im A, B sao cho di on thng AB bng 4 v ng thng AB vung gc vi
x 2
ng thng y = x .
/s: A(3 + 2; 2); B(3 2; 2) hoac A(3 + 2; 2); B(3 2; 2)
A(1 + 2; 2 2); B(1 2; 2 + 2) hoac A(1 2; 2 + 2); B(1 + 2; 2 2)
x +3
c th (H). Tm m ng thng d : y = x + m + 1 ti hai im phn bit A, B sao
x 2
HT 83. Cho hm s y =
cho AOB nhn./s: m > 3

3x + 2
x +2
HT 84. Cho hm s y =
(C ) . ng thng y = x ct (C) ti hai im A, B. Tm m ng thng
y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im C, D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. /s: m = 10

HT 85. Cho hm s y =
2x 1
x 1
(C). Tm m ng thng d: y = x + m ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
OAB vung ti O. /s: m = 2

HT 86. Cho hm s y =
2x m
(1). Chng minh rng vi mi m 0 th hm s (1) ct (d) : y = 2x 2m ti hai
mx + 1
im phn bit A, B thuc mt ng (H) c nh. ng thng (d) ct trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti cc im M, N. Tm m
SOAB = 3SOMN
2x 1
(C ). Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn ca (C). Vi gi tr no ca m th ng thng
x 1
HT 87. Cho hm s y =
y = x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic IAB u. /s: m = 3 6
x
(C ) . Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng y = x + m ct th (C) ti hai im phn
x 1
HT 88. Cho hm s y =
bit A, B sao cho OA, OB bng 600. Vi O l gc ta . /s: m = 2 m = 6
PHN 4: TIP TUYN

HT 89. Cho ha m so y =
bng
2x 1
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit khong cch t im I (1; 2) n tip tuyn
x 1
2 . /s: x + y 1 = 0 v x + y 5 = 0
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HT 90. Cho hm s y = x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2
(1)
(m l tham s).Tm tham s m th ca hm
s (1) c tip tuyn to vi ng thng d: x + y + 7 = 0 gc , bit cos =
./s: m
26
1
1
hoc m
4
2
HT 91. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 2x 2 x (C ). Tm ta cc im trn trc honh sao cho qua im k c hai tip
32
tuyn vi th (C) v gc gia hai tip tuyn ny bng 450. /s: M O; M ; 0
27
HT 92. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 1 c th (C). Tm hai im A, B thuc th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ca (C) ti A
v B song song vi nhau v di on AB = 4 2 . /s: A(3;1), B(1; 3) .
x +1
(C). Tm trn Oy tt c cc im t k c duy nht mt tip tuyn ti (C).
x 1
HT 93. Cho hm s y =
/s: M (0;1); M (0; 1)
HT 94. Cho hm s y = 3x x 3 (C). Tm trn ng thng d : y = x cc im m t k c ng 2 tip tuyn

phn bit vi th (C)./s: A(2; 2); B(2; 2)
HT 95. Cho hm s: y = x 3 3x + 2 . Tm tt c im trn ng thng y = 4 , sao cho t k c ng 2 tip
2
tuyn ti th (C). /s: (1; 4); ; 4 ;(2; 4)
3
HT 96. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 2
(C). Tm trn ng thng d : y = 2 cc im m t k c 3 tip tuyn
m < 1
phn bit vi th (C). /s: m > 5
3
m 2
HT 97. Cho hm s y = ( x + 1) . ( x 1) (C). Cho im A(a; 0) . Tm a t A k c 3 tip tuyn phn bit vi
3
3
hoac 1 a >
2
2
th (C). /s: 1 a <
HT 98. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + 2. Tm trn ng thng y = 2 cc im m t c th k c 2 tip tuyn ti
1
th hm s v 2 tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau. /s: M 2;
27
1
mx 3 + (m 1)x 2 + (4 3m)x + 1 c th l (Cm). Tm cc gi tr m sao cho trn
3
th (Cm) tn ti mt im duy nht c honh m m tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng d : x + 2y 3 = 0 .
HT 99. Cho hm s y = f (x ) =
/s:
m < 0 hay m >
2
.
3
1
HT 100. Tm tt c cc gi tr m sao cho trn th (C m ) : y = mx 3 + (m 1)x 2 + (4m 3)x + 1 tn ti ng hai
3
1 1 2
im c honh dng m tip tuyn ti vung gc vi ng thng (L): x + 2y 3 = 0 /s: m 0; ;
2 2 3
HT 101.
Cho hm s y =
2x
(C). Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng khong cch t tm i
x +2
xng ca th (C) n tip tuyn l ln nht. /s: y = x v y = x + 8 .

HT 102.
Cho hm s y =
x +2
2x + 3
(1). Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn ct
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trc honh, trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O. /s: y = x 2 .
HT 103.
Cho hm s y =
2x 1
. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) sao cho tip tuyn ny ct cc trc Ox, Oy
x 1
y = 1 x + 5
4
4 .
ln lt ti cc im A v B tho mn OA = 4OB. /s:
y = 1 x + 13
4
4
HT 104.
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s y =
2x
bit tip tuyn ct Ox, Oy ln lt ti A v B m tam
x 2
gic OAB tha mn: AB = OA 2 /s: y = x + 8

HT 105. Cho hm s y =
2x 3
c th (C). Tm trn (C) nhng im M sao cho tip tuyn ti M ca (C) ct hai tim
x 2
cn ca (C) ti A, B sao cho AB ngn nht. /s: M (3; 3) hoc M (1;1)

2x 3
.Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca (C)
x 2
ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c
din tch nh nht. /s: M (1;1); M (3; 3)
HT 107. Cho hm s y = x 3 2mx 2 + m 2x m + 1 (C m ). Tm m th hm s tip xc vi trc honh.
/s: m = 1 m = 3 m =
3
2
2x + 1
c th (C). Gi I l giao im ca hai tim cn. Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tip
x 1
tuyn ca (C) ti M ct 2 tim cn ti A v B vi chu vi tam gic IAB t gi tr nh nht.

/s: M1 (1 + 3; 2 + 3 ) , M 2 (1 3; 2 3 )
HT 109.
Cho hm s: y =
x +2
(C). Cho im A(0; a ) . Tm a t A k c 2 tip tuyn ti th (C) sao cho 2
x 1
a > 2
tip im tng ng nm v 2 pha ca trc honh. /s:
.
a 1 3
HT 110.
Cho hm s y =
x +2
. Gi I l giao im ca 2 ng tim cn, l mt tip tuyn bt k ca th (C). d
x +1
l khong cch t I n . Tm gi tr ln nht ca d. /s:GTLN ca d bng
HT 111.
Cho hm s y =
A(2; 4), B(4; 2). /s: y =

HT 112.
Cho hm s y =
x = 0
2 khi 0
x 0 = 2
2x + 1
. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C), bit rng tip tuyn cch u hai im
x +1
1
5
x + ; y = x + 1; y = x + 5
4
4
2x 3
(C). Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ti im M thuc (C) bit tip tuyn ct tim
x 2
cn ng v tim cn ngang ln lt ti A, B sao cho csin gc ABI bng
, vi I l giao 2 tim cn.
17
3
5
1
3
1
7
/s: Ti M 0; : y = x + ; Ti M 4; : y = x +
2
4
2
4
2
3
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HT 113.
Cho hm s y =
0968.393.899
x +1
(C). Tm gi tr nh nht ca m sao cho tn ti t nht mt im M (C) m tip tuyn
2x 1
ti M ca (C) to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c trng tm nm trn ng thng y = 2m 1 /s: m

HT 114.
Cho hm s y =
1
3
2x 1
(C ). Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s (C) tip xc vi ng thng
x 1
y = mx + 5. /s: m = 1 hoc m = 9
PHN 5: BIN LUN S NGHIM CA PHNG TRNH

HT 115.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + 1 .
1) Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.

2) Tm m phng trnh x 3 3x 2 = m 3 3m 2 c ba nghim phn bit.
/s: m (1; 3) \ {0; 2}
HT 116. Cho hm s y = x 4 5x 2 + 4 c th (C).
2) Tm m phng trnh | x 4 5x 2 + 4 |= log2 m c 6 nghim.
9
9
Da vo th ta c PT c 6 nghim log12 m = m = 12 4 = 144 4 12 .
4
HT 117. Cho hm s: y = x 4 2x 2 + 1 .
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh: x 4 2x 2 + 1 + log2 m = 0
0<m <
1
2
2 nghim
m=
1
2
(m> 0)
1
<m <1
2
m =1
m >1
4 nghim
2 nghim
v nghim
3 nghim
HT 118. Cho hm s y = f (x ) = 8x 4 9x 2 + 1 .
2) Da vo th (C) hy bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh:
8 cos4 x 9 cos2 x + m = 0 vi x [0; ]
/s:
m<0
m=0
0<m <1
1m <
81
32
m=
81
32
m>
81
32
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v nghim
1 nghim
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2 nghim
4 nghim
2 nghim
v nghim
x +1
.
x 1
2) Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
m < 1; m > 1
2 nghim
x +1
x 1
= m.
m = 1
1 < m 1
1 nghim
v nghim
PHN 6: IM C BIT CA TH
HT 120.
Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x + 2 (C). Tm 2 im trn th hm s sao cho chng i xng nhau qua tm
M (1; 3) . /s: (1; 0) v (1; 6)

HT 121. Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x + 2 (C). Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng d : 2x y + 2 = 0 .
/s:
1 7 7
1 7
7
; ; 2 +
; 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
11
x3
+ x 2 + 3x . Tm trn th (C) hai im phn bit M, N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
3
3
16
16
/s: M 3; , N 3; .
3
3
HT 123.
Cho hm s y =
2x 1
(C).Tm im M thuc th (C) tip tuyn ca (C) ti M vi ng thng i qua M
x +1
v giao im hai ng tim cn c tch cc h s gc bng 9.

/s: M (0; 3); M (2; 5)
HT 124.
Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
(C). Tm trn (C) nhng im c tng khong cch n hai tim cn ca (C) nh nht.
x +1
/s: (0;1);(2; 3)
HT 125.
Cho hm s y =
3x 4
(C). Tm cc im thuc (C) cch u 2 tim cn.
x 2
/s: M1(1;1); M 2 (4; 6)

HT 126.
Cho hm s y =
1 4 1 2
x x + 1 (C ). Tm im M thuc (C) sao cho tng khong cch t im M n hai trc
4
2
ta l nh nht. /s: M (0;1)

HT 127.
Cho hm s y0 = 2x 04 3x 02 + 2x 0 + 1 c th l (C) v ng thng () = 2x 1 .Tm trn th (C) im
3
1
1
A c khong cch n () l nh nht /s: A1

; 3 ; A2
; + 3
8
8
2
2
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 128.
Cho hm s y =
0968.393.899
x +1
. Tm trn th hm s im M sao cho tng khong cch t M n hai trc ta l
x 2
1
nh nht. /s: M 0;
2
HT 129.
Cho hm s
y=
2x 4
. Tm trn (C) hai im i xng nhau qua ng thng MN bit
x +1
M (3; 0); N (1; 1) /s:A(0; 4), B(2; 0).

HT 130.
Cho hm s y =
2x
x 1
. Tm trn th (C) hai im B, C thuc hai nhnh sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti
nh A vi A(2; 0). /s: B(1;1), C (3; 3)

2x 1
. Tm ta im M (C) sao cho khong cch t im I (1; 2) ti tip tuyn ca (C)
x +1
ti M l ln nht. /s: M 1 + 3 ; 2 3
hoc M 1 3 ; 2 + 3
x +2
. Tm nhng im trn th (C) cch u hai im A(2; 0), B(0; 2) .
2x 1
1 5 1 5 1 + 5 1 + 5
/s:
,
,
2
2 2
2
x 3
. Tm trn hai nhnh ca th (C) hai im A v B sao cho AB ngn nht./s:
x +1
A (1 4 4;1 + 4 64 ) , B (1 + 4 4;1 4 64 ) .
HT 134. Cho hm s y = x 4 2x 2 + 1 Tm ta hai im P. Q thuc (C) sao cho ng thng PQ song song vi trc
honh v khong cch t im cc i ca (C) n ng thng PQ bng 8
/s:Vy, P(-2;9), Q(2;9) hoc P(2;9); Q(-2;9)
(3m + 1)x m 2 + m
. Tm cc im thuc ng thng x = 1 m khng c th i qua.
x +m
/s:Tp hp cc im thuc ng thng x = 1 c tung bng a vi a tha mn : 2 < a < 10
2x 1
(C ). Tm trn th (C) hai im A, B phn bit sao cho ba im A, B, I (0; 1) thng
x 1
hng ng thi tha mn: IA.IB = 4.
) (
) (
/s: A 2 2;1 2 ; B 2 + 2;1 + 2 hoc A 1 3; 2 + 3 ; B 1 + 3; 2 3
PHN 7: CC BI TNG HP
2x + 3
(C ). Tm m ng thng d : y = 2x + m ct th ti hai im phn bit sao cho
x 2
tip tuyn ti hai im ca th hm s song song vi nhau. /s: m = 2

HT 138. Cho hm s y = x 3 2mx 2 + 2mx 1 (C ). Tm m th hm s (C) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit
A(1; 0), B v C sao cho k1 + k2 = BC . 5 trong k1, k2 ln lt l h s gc tip tuyn ti B, C ca th hm s (C).

/s: m = 1; m = 2
HT 139. Cho hm s y = x 3 3x 2 + mx + 2 m (C m ). Tm m (C m ) ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit A, B , C
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0968.393.899
sao cho tng cc h s gc ca tip tuyn ca (C m ) ti A, B , C bng 3./s: m = 2
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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PHN 8: TUYN TP THI I HC T NM 2009

HT 140. (H A 2009) Cho hm s y =
x +2
(1) . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit tip tuyn
2x + 3
ct trc honh, trc tung ln lt ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O.
/s: y = x 2
HT 141. (H B 2009) Cho hm s: y = 2x 4 4x 2 (1) .Vi gi tr no ca m, phng trnh x 2 x 2 2 = m c ng 6
nghim thc phn bit. /s: 0 < m < 1
HT 142. (H D 2009) Cho hm s y = x 4 (3m + 2)x 2 + 3m c th l (C m ) vi m l tham s. Tm m ng
thng y = 1 ct th (C m ) ti 4 im phn bit u c honh nh hn 2.
/s:
1
< m < 1, m 0
3
HT 143. (H A 2010) Cho hm s y = x 3 2x 2 + (1 m )x + m (1), vi m l tham s thc. Tm m th (1) ct

trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh x1, x 2, x 3 tha mn iu kin: x12 + x 22 + x 32 < 4
/s:
1
< m < 1 v m 0
4
HT 144. (H B 2010) Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
(C ) . Tm m ng thng y = 2x + m ct th (C ) ti hai
x +1
im A v B sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng

HT 145.
(D 2010) Cho hm s y = x 4 x 2 + 6 (C ) . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th (C) bit tip tuyn
vung gc vi ng thng y =
HT 146.
3 (O l gc ta ). /s: m = 2
1
x 1 /s: y = 6x + 10
6
(A 2011)Cho hm s y =
x + 1
(C ) . Chng minh rng vi mi m ng thng y = x + m lun ct
2x 1
th (C ) ti hai im phn bit A v B. Gi k1, k2 ln lt l h s gc ca tip tuyn vi (C ) ti A v B. Tm m tng
k1 + k2 t gi tr ln nht. /s: k1 + k2 ln nht bng 2 , khi v ch khi m = 1.

HT 147.
(B 2011) Cho hm s y = x 4 2(m + 1)x 2 + m (1) (vi m l tham s). Tm m th hm s (1) c ba
im cc tr A, B, C sao cho OA = BC; trong O l gc ta , A l im cc tr thuc trc tung, B v C l hai im cc tr

cn li. /s: m = 2 2 2
HT 148.
(D 2011) Cho hm s y =
2x + 1
(C ) . Tm k ng thng y = kx + 2k + 1 ct th (C ) ti hai im
x +1
phn bit A, B sao cho khong cch t A v B n trc honh bng nhau. /s: k
HT 149.
= 3
(A,A1 2012) Cho hm s y = x 2(m + 1)x + m (1) , vi m l tham s thc. Tm m th hm s
(1) c 3 im cc tr to thnh 3 nh ca mt tam gic vung. /s: m = 0

HT 150.
(B 2012) Cho hm s y = x 3 3mx 2 + 3m 3 (1), m l tham s thc. Tm m th hm s (1) c hai
im cc tr A v B sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng 48. /s: m = 2
HT 151.
(D 2012) Cho hm s y =
2 3
2
x mx 2 2(3m 2 1)x + (1), m l tham s thc. Tm m hm s (1) c
3
3
hai im cc tr x1; x 2 sao cho: x1x 2 + 2(x1 + x 2 ) = 1. /s: m =

HT 152.
2
3
(A,A1 2013) Cho hm s y = x 3 + 3x 2 + 3mx 1 (1) , vi m l tham s thc. Tm m hm s (1)
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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nghch bin trn khong (0; +) /s: m 1

HT 153.
(B 2013) Cho hm s y = 2x 3 3(m + 1)x 2 + 6mx (1), vi m l tham s thc. Tm m th hm s (1)
c hai im cc tr A, B sao cho ng thng AB vung gc vi ng thng y = x + 2. /s: m = 0; m = 2

HT 154.
(D 2013) Cho hm s y = 2x 3 3mx 2 + (m 1)x + 1 (1), vi m l tham s thc. Tm m ng thng
y = x + 1 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit. /s: m < 0; m >
8
9
-----------------------------------------------------------HT-----------------------------------------------------------
Page 33
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
PHNG TRNH M - LOGARIT
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
www.VNMATH.com
CHUYN : PHNG TRNH M LOGARIT

VN I: LY THA
1. nh ngha lu tha
S m
C s a
Lu tha a
= n N*
aR
a = a n = a.a......a (n tha s a)
=0
a0
a = a0 = 1
= n ( n N * )
a0
a = a n =
m
an
m
(m Z , n N * )
n
a>0
a =
= lim rn (rn Q, n N * )
a>0
a = lim a n
1
an
n
= a m (n a = b b n = a )
r
2. Tnh cht ca lu tha

Vi mi a > 0, b > 0 ta c:
a .a = a
=a
(a ) = a
(ab) = a .b
a a
=
b
b
a > 1 : a > a > ; 0 < a < 1 : a > a <

Vi 0 < a < b ta c:
a m < bm m > 0 ;
Ch :
a m > bm m < 0
+ Khi xt lu tha vi s m 0 v s m nguyn m th c s a phi khc 0.

+ Khi xt lu tha vi s m khng nguyn th c s a phi dng.
3. nh ngha v tnh cht ca cn thc

Cn bc n ca a l s b sao cho bn = a .
Vi a, b 0, m, n N*, p, q Z ta c:
n
ab = a . b ;
Neu
p
q
=
th
n
m
n
a
a
=
(b > 0) ;
n
b
b
ap =
a p = (n a ) (a > 0) ;
a q (a > 0) ; c bit n a =
mn
m n
a = mn a
am
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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Nu n l s nguyn dng l v a < b th n a < n b .

Nu n l s nguyn dng chn v 0 < a < b th n a < n b .
Ch :
+ Khi n l, mi s thc a ch c mt cn bc n. K hiu n a .
+ Khi n chn, mi s thc dng a c ng hai cn bc n l hai s i nhau.
4. Cng thc li kp
Gi A l s tin gi, r l li sut mi k, N l s k.
S tin thu c (c vn ln li) l:
C = A(1 + r )N
VN II: LOGARIT
1. nh ngha
Vi a > 0, a 1, b > 0 ta c: loga b = a = b
a > 0, a 1
Ch : loga b c ngha khi
b > 0
Logarit thp phn:
lg b = log b = log10 b
Logarit t nhin (logarit Nepe): ln b = loge b (vi e = lim 1 + 2,718281 )
2. Tnh cht
loga 1 = 0 ;
loga a = 1 ;
loga a b = b ;
loga b
= b (b > 0)
Cho a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0. Khi :

+ Nu a > 1 th loga b > loga c b > c
+ Nu 0 < a < 1 th loga b > loga c b < c
3. Cc qui tc tnh logarit
Vi a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0, ta c:
loga (bc) = loga b + loga c
b
loga = loga b loga c
c
loga b = loga b
4. i c s
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Vi a, b, c > 0 v a, b 1, ta c:
logb c =
loga c
loga b =
1
logb a
loga b
hay loga b.logb c = loga c

1
log c ( 0)
a
log c =
a
Bi tp c bn
HT 1: Thc hin cc php tnh sau:
1) log2 4.log 1 2
1
.log27 9
25
2) log5
4) 4
7)
log2 3
+9
log
5) log
log 3 a.log 4 a 1/3

a
a
7
2 2
3) loga
6) 27
log 9 2
+4
log 8 27
2 log3 2 + 4 log81 5
8) log3 6.log8 9.log6 2
log 1 a
9) 9
a
log3 5
10) 81
13) 9
1
log6 3
+ 27
+4
log9 36
+3
4 log9 7
1
log8 2
11) 25
log5 6
+ 49
1+ log9 4
14) 3
HT 2: So snh cc cp s sau:
1
1) log 3 4 va log 4
3
+4
log7 8
2log2 3
12) 5
+5
log125 27
2) log0,1 3 2 va log0,2 0, 34
32 log5 4
15) log
3) log 3
4
1
1
4) log 1
va log 1
80
3
2 15 + 2
6) 2
5) log13 150 va log17 290
3.log 3 36
2
3
va log 5
5
4
log6 3
va 3
log6
1
2
HT 3: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc logarit theo cc biu thc cho:

1)Cho log2 14 = a . Tnh log49 32 theo a.
2)Cho log15 3 = a . Tnh log25 15 theo a.
3)Cho lg 3 = 0, 477 . Tnh lg 9000 ; lg 0, 000027 ;
1
log81 100
4)Cho log7 2 = a . Tnh log 1 28 theo a.

2
HT 4: Tnh gi tr ca biu thc logarit theo cc biu thc cho:

49
theo a, b.
1)Cho log25 7 = a ; log2 5 = b . Tnh log 3
5 8
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0968.393.899
2)Cho log30 3 = a ; log30 5 = b . Tnh log30 1350 theo a, b.

3)Cho log14 7 = a ; log14 5 = b . Tnh log35 28 theo a, b.
4)Cho log2 3 = a ; log3 5 = b ; log7 2 = c . Tnh log140 63 theo a, b, c.
VN III: HM S LY THA HM S M HM S LOGARIT
1. Khi nim
1)Hm s lu tha y = x ( l hng s)
S m
Hm s y = x
Tp xc nh D
= n (n nguyn dng)
y = xn
D=R
= n (n nguyn m hoc n = 0)
y = xn
D = R \ {0}
l s thc khng nguyn
y = x
D = (0; +)
Ch : Hm s y =
1
n
x
khng ng nht vi hm s y = n x (n N *) .
2)Hm s m y = a x (a > 0, a 1).

Tp xc nh:
D = R.
Tp gi tr:
T = (0; +).
Khi a > 1 hm s ng bin, khi 0 < a < 1 hm s nghch bin.

Nhn trc honh lm tim cn ngang.
th:
y
a>1
y=ax
y=ax
1
x
0<a<1
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3)Hm s logarit y = loga x (a > 0, a 1)

Tp xc nh:
D = (0; +).
Tp gi tr:
T = R.
Khi a > 1 hm s ng bin, khi 0 < a < 1 hm s nghch bin.

Nhn trc tung lm tim cn ng.
th:
y
y
y=logax
y=logax
0<a<1
a>1
2. Gii hn c bit
1
x
lim(1 + x )
x 0
= lim 1 + = e
x
x
ex 1
=1
x 0
x
ln(1 + x )
lim
=1
x 0
x
lim
3. o hm
(x ) = x 1 (x > 0) ;
(u ) = u 1.u
( n x ) =
vi x > 0 neu n chan
.
vi x 0 neu n le
Ch :
1
n
n x n1
(a x ) = a x ln a ;
(a u ) = a u ln a.u
(e x ) = e x ;
(e u ) = e u .u
(loga x ) = x ln1 a ;
(loga u ) = u uln a
(ln x ) = 1 (x > 0);
(ln u ) = u
(n u ) =
u
n
n u n 1
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Bi tp c bn
HT 5: Tnh cc gii hn sau:
x x
1) lim
x + 1 + x
3x 4
4) lim
x + 3x + 2
1
2) lim 1 +
x +
x
x +1
3
x +1
x
x + 1 x
5) lim
x + 2x 1
e 2x 1
x 0
3x
ln x 1
x e x e
x + 12x 1
3) lim
x + x 2
2x + 1x
6) lim
x + x 1
ex e
x 1 x 1
7) lim
8) lim
e x e x
k) lim
x 0 sin x
e sin 2x e sin x
l) lim
x 0
x
i) lim
m)
lim x (e
1
x
x +
HT 6: Tnh o hm ca cc hm s sau:
3
x +1
x 1
1) y = x 2 + x + 1
2) y =
4) y = 3 sin(2x + 1)
5) y = cot 1 + x 2
7) y = 3 sin
3) y =
x +3
4
8) y =
11
9 + 6 x9
6) y =
9) y =
x2 + x 2
x2 + 1
1 3 2x
1 + 3 2x
4
x2 + x + 1
x2 x + 1
2) y = (x 2 + 2x )e x
1) y = (x 2 2x + 2)e x
4) y = e
2x +x 2
7) y = 2 .e
5) y = x .e
cos x
8) y =
1
x x
3
3x
2
x x +1
3) y = e 2x .sin x
6) y =
e 2x + e x
e 2x e x
i) y = cos x .e cot x
1) y = ln(2x 2 + x + 3)
2) y = log2 (cos x )
3) y = e x .ln(cos x )
4) y = (2x 1)ln(3x 2 + x )
5) y = log 1 (x 3 cos x )
6) y = log3 (cos x )
7) y =
ln(2x + 1)
8) y =
2x + 1
ln(2x + 1)
x +1
9) y = ln (x + 1 + x 2 )
HT 9: Chng minh hm s cho tho mn h thc c ch ra:

1) y = x .e
x2
2 ;
xy = (1 x 2 )y
2) y = (x + 1)e x ; y y = e x
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

3) y = e 4x + 2e x ;
0968.393.899
y 13y 12y = 0
5) y = ex .sin x ;
y + 2y + 2y = 0
4) y = a.e x + b.e 2x ; y + 3y + 2y = 0
6) y = e x .cos x ; y
( 4)
+ 4y = 0
HT 10: Chng minh hm s cho tho mn h thc c ch ra:

1
1
;
; xy = y y ln x 1
xy + 1 = ey
2) y =
1) y = ln
1 + x
1 + x + ln x
3) y = sin(ln x ) + cos(ln x ); y + xy + x 2y = 0
4) y =
1 + ln x
; 2x 2y = (x 2y 2 + 1)
x (1 ln x )
HT 11: Gii phng trnh, bt phng trnh sau vi hm s c ch ra:

1) f '(x ) = 2 f (x ); f (x ) = e x (x 2 + 3x + 1)
2) f '(x ) +
1
f (x ) = 0;
x
f (x ) = x 3 ln x
3) f '(x ) = 0; f (x ) = e 2x 1 + 2.e12x + 7x 5
VN IV: PHNG TRNH M
Vi a > 0, a 1 :
1. Phng trnh m c bn:
b > 0
a x = b
x = loga b
2. Mt s phng php gii phng trnh m

1) a v cng c s:
Vi a > 0, a 1 :
Ch : Trong trng hp c s c cha n s th:
a f (x ) = a g (x ) f (x ) = g(x )
a M = a N (a 1)(M N ) = 0
a f (x ) = b g (x ) f (x ) = (loga b ).g (x )
2) Logarit ho:
3) t n ph:
Dng 1:
t = a f (x ), t > 0
P (a f (x )) = 0
, trong P(t) l a thc theo t.
P (t ) = 0
Dng 2:
a 2 f (x ) + (ab)f (x ) + b 2 f (x ) = 0
Chia 2 v cho b
2 f (x )
a f (x )
, ri t n ph t =
b
Dng 3: a f (x ) + b f (x ) = m , vi ab = 1 . t t = a f (x ) b f (x ) =
1
t
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4) S dng tnh n iu ca hm s
Xt phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
on nhn x0 l mt nghim ca (1).

Da vo tnh ng bin, nghch bin ca f(x) v g(x) kt lun x0 l nghim duy nht:
f (x ) ong bien va g(x ) nghch bien (hoac ong bien nhng nghiem ngat).
f (x ) n ieu va g(x ) = c hang so
Nu f(x) ng bin (hoc nghch bin) th f (u) = f (v) u = v
5) a v phng trnh cc phng trnh c bit

A = 0
Phng trnh tch A.B = 0
B = 0
A = 0
Phng trnh A2 + B 2 = 0
B = 0
6) Phng php i lp
Xt phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
f (x ) M
Nu ta chng minh c:
g(x ) M
th
f (x ) = M
(1)
g(x ) = M
Bi tp c bn
HT 12: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ho):
2x
2) (3 2 2 )
1) 9 3x 1 = 38x 2
3) 4x
3x +2
5) 2x
1 x
7)
2
+ 4x
+ 2x
+2
+ 6x + 5
= 42x
= 3x + 3x
+ 3x +7
+1
11)
x 2 +4
= 25
1 x +7 1 12x
=2
8) .
2
2
4 3x
9) 3x .2x +1 = 72
x +10
16 x 10
4) 52x 7x 52x .35 + 7x .35 = 0

x
6) 5
=2
= 3+2 2
10) 5x +1 + 6. 5x 3. 5x 1 = 52
x +5
x
0,125.8 15
12) (
x 1
5 + 2)
=(
x 1
5 2)x +1
HT 13: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc logarit ho):

2 4x +1 1 3x +2
1)
=
5
7
x
4) 3
x
x
+
.8 2
=6
2) 5
2x 1
.2 x +1
= 50
5) 4.9x 1 = 3 22x +1
3) 3
6) 2x
3x
x
.2 +2
2x
=6
.3x = 1, 5
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8) 23 = 32
7) 5x .3x = 1
9) 3x .2x = 1
HT 14: Gii cc phng trnh sau (t n ph dng 1):

1) 4x + 2x +1 8 = 0
2) 4x +1 6.2x +1 + 8 = 0
5) 49x + 7x +1 8 = 0
4) 16x 17.4x + 16 = 0
x
7) (7 + 4 3 ) + (2 + 3 ) = 6
10) 32x
+2x +1
28.3x
+x
8) 4cos 2x + 4cos
11) 4x
+9 = 0
+2
+ 31+
6) 2x
+2
22+x x = 3.
9) 32x +5 36.3x +1 + 9 = 0
=3
+ 8 = 0 12) 3.52x 1 2.5x 1 = 0,2
2) 3.25x 2 + (3x 10).5x 2 + 3 x = 0
3) 3.4x + (3x 10).2x + 3 x = 0

x
9.2x

1) 25x 2(3 x ).5x + 2x 7 = 0
5) 4x 2 + x .3
3) 34x +8 4.32x +5 + 27 = 0
4) 9x + 2(x 2).3x + 2x 5 = 0
6) 3.25x 2 + (3x 10).5x 2 + 3 x = 0
= 2.3 x .x 2 + 2x + 6
7) 4x +(x 8)2x +12 2x = 0
8) (x + 4).9x (x + 5).3x + 1 = 0
2
2
9) 4x + (x 2 7).2x + 12 4x 2 = 0
10) 9x (x + 2).3x 2(x + 4) = 0

1) 64.9x 84.12x + 27.16x = 0 2) 3.16x + 2.81x = 5.36x
3) 6.32x 13.6x + 6.22x = 0
4) 25x + 10x = 22x +1
6) 3.16x + 2.81x = 5.36x
7)
1
x
6.9
1
x
13.6
1
x
+ 6.4
5) 27x + 12x = 2.8x
=0
8) 4
1
x
+6
1
x
=9
1
x
9)
1
x
2.4
1
x
+6
1
x
9
10) (7 + 5 2 ) + ( 2 5)(3 + 2 2 ) + 3 (1 + 2 ) + 1 2 = 0.

x
) +(
1) (2 3 ) + (2 + 3 ) = 14
2)
3) (2 + 3)x + (7 + 4 3)(2 3)x = 4(2 + 3)
4) (5 21 ) + 7 (5 + 21 ) = 2x + 3
5) (5 + 24 ) + (5 24 ) = 10
7)
6 35
) +(
6 + 35
= 12
2 3
=4
7 + 3 5 x
7 3 5 x
6)
+ 7
= 8
2
2
2+ 3
8) (2 +
(x 1)2
3)
+ (2
x 2 2x 1
3)
4
2 3
Page 10
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
www.VNMATH.com
9) (3 + 5 ) + 16 (3 5 ) = 2x +3
x
10) (3 + 5 ) + (3 5 ) 7.2x = 0
11) (7 + 4 3 ) 3 (2 3 ) + 2 = 0
12)
3+ 8
) +(
3 8
= 6.
HT 18: Gii cc phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

x
1) (2 3 ) + (2 + 3 ) = 4x
x
2)
3 2) + ( 3 + 2) =
x
3) (3 + 2 2 ) + (3 2 2 ) = 6x
4) (3 + 5 ) + 16. (3 5 ) = 2x +3
3 x 7
5) + = 2x
5
5
6)
2+ 3
10 )
) +(
2 3
= 2x
7) 2x + 3x + 5x = 10x
8) 2x + 3x = 5x
9) 2x 1 2x
10) 3x = 5 2x
11) 2x = 3 x
12) 2x +1 4x = x 1
= (x 1)2
HT 19: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v phng trnh tch):

1) 8.3x + 3.2x = 24 + 6x
2) 12.3x + 3.15x 5x +1 = 20
3) 8 x .2x + 23x x = 0
4) 2x + 3x = 1 + 6x
5) 4x
3x +2
+ 4x
+6x + 5
= 42.x
+ 3x +7
6) 4x
+1
+x
2
(x +1)
+ 21x = 2
+1
7) x 2 .3x + 3x (12 7x ) = x 3 + 8x 2 19x + 12
8) x 2 .3x 1 + x (3x 2x ) = 2(2x 3x 1 )
9) 4sin x 21+sin x cos(xy ) + 2 y = 0
10) 22(x
+x )
+ 21x 22(x
+x )
.21x 1 = 0
HT 20: Gii cc phng trnh sau (phng php i lp):

1) 2x = cos x 4, vi x 0
2) 3x
x 3 x
= 3x + 3x
4) 2.cos2
2
5)
6x +10
sin x
= x 2 + 6x 6
3) 3 sin
= cos x
6) 22x x =
= cos x
x2 +1
x
7) 3x = cos 2x
8) 5x = cos 3x
HT 21: Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim:

1) 9x + 3x + m = 0
3) 4x 2x + 1 = m
2) 9x + m 3x 1 = 0
4) 32x + 2.3x (m + 3).2x = 0 5) 2x + (m + 1).2x + m = 0

7) 16x (m 1).22x + m 1 = 0
9) 81sin
+ 81cos
=m
6) 25x 2.5x m 2 = 0
8) 25x + m.5x + 1 2m = 0
2
10) 342x 2.32x + 2m 3 = 0

Page 11
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
11) 4 x + 1 + 3 x 14.2 x + 1 + 3 x + 8 = m
2
12) 9x + 1x 8.3x +
1x 2
+4 =m
HT 22: Tm m cc phng trnh sau c nghim duy nht:

1) m.2x + 2x 5 = 0
2) m.16x + 2.81x = 5.36x
3)
5 + 1) + m ( 5 1) = 2x
5) 4x 2x + 3 + 3 = m
7 + 3 5 x
7 3 5 x
+ m
= 8
4)
2
2
6) 9x + m 3x + 1 = 0
HT 23: Tm m cc phng trnh sau c 2 nghim tri du:

1) (m + 1).4x + (3m 2).2x +1 3m + 1 = 0
2) 49x + (m 1).7x + m 2m 2 = 0
3) 9x + 3(m 1).3x 5m + 2 = 0
4) (m + 3).16x + (2m 1).4x + m + 1 = 0
5) 4x 2 (m + 1).2x +3m 8 = 0
6) 4x 2x + 6 = m
HT 24: Tm m cc phng trnh sau:

1) m.16x + 2.81x = 5.36x c 2 nghim dng phn bit.
2) 16x m.8x + (2m 1).4x = m.2x c 3 nghim phn bit.
2
2
3) 4x 2x +2 + 6 = m c 3 nghim phn bit.
2
2
4) 9x 4.3x + 8 = m c 3 nghim phn bit.
Page 12
GV.Lu Huy Thng
www.VNMATH.com
0968.393.899
VN V: PHNG TRNH LOGARIT
1. Phng trnh logarit c bn

Vi a > 0, a 1:
loga x = b x = a b
2. Mt s phng php gii phng trnh logarit

1) a v cng c s
f (x ) = g(x )
loga f (x ) = loga g (x )
f (x ) > 0 (hoac g(x ) > 0)
Vi a > 0, a 1:
2) M ho
Vi a > 0, a 1:
loga f (x ) = b a
loga f (x )
= ab
3) t n ph
4) S dng tnh n iu ca hm s
5) a v phng trnh c bit
6) Phng php i lp
Ch :
Khi gii phng trnh logarit cn ch iu kin biu thc c ngha.

Vi a, b, c > 0 v a, b, c 1:
logb c
=c
logb a
Bi tp c bn
HT 25: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v cng c s hoc m ho):
1) log2 x (x 1) = 1
2) log2 x + log2 (x 1) = 1
3) log2 (x 2) 6.log1/8 3x 5 = 2
4) log2 (x 3) + log2 (x 1) = 3
5) log4 (x + 3) log4 (x 1) = 2 log4 8
6) lg(x 2) + lg(x 3) = 1 lg 5
7) 2 log8 (x 2) log8 (x 3) =
2
3
8) lg 5x 4 + lg x + 1 = 2 + lg 0,18
9) log3 (x 2 6) = log 3 (x 2) + 1
10) log2 (x + 3) + log2(x 1) = 1 / log5 2
11) log4 x + log4 (10 x ) = 2
12) log5 (x 1) log1/5 (x + 2) = 0
Page 13
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
13) log2 (x 1) + log2 (x + 3) = log2 10 1
14) log9 (x + 8) log3 (x + 26) + 2 = 0

1) log3 x + log
x + log1/3 x = 6
2) 1 + lg(x 2 2x + 1) lg(x 2 + 1) = 2 lg(1 x )
3) log 4 x + log1/16 x + log 8 x = 5
4) 2 + lg(4x 2 4x + 1) lg(x 2 + 19) = 2 lg(1 2x )
5) log2 x + log4 x + log8 x = 11
6) log1/2 (x 1) + log1/2 (x + 1) = 1 + log
7) log2 log2 x = log3 log3 x
8) log2 log3 x = log3 log2 x
9) log2 log3 x + log3 log2 x = log3 log3 x
10) log2 log3 log4 x = log4 log3 log2 x
1/ 2
(7 x )

1) log2 (9 2x ) = 3 x
2) log3 (3x 8) = 2 x
3) log7 (6 + 7x ) = 1 + x
5) log2 (9 2x ) = 5
log5 (3x )
4) log 3 (4.3x 1 1) = 2x 1
6) log2 (3.2x 1) 2x 1 = 0
7) log2 (12 2x ) = 5 x
8) log5 (26 3x ) = 2
9) log2 (5x + 1 25x ) = 2
10) log4 (3.2x + 1 5) = x
11) log 1 (5x + 1 25x ) = 2
12) log 1 (6x + 1 36x ) = 2

1) log5 x (x 2 2x + 65) = 2
2) logx 1(x 2 4x + 5) = 1
3) logx (5x 2 8x + 3) = 2
5) logx
(x 1) = 2
4) logx +1(2x 3 + 2x 2 3x + 1) = 3
6) logx (x + 2) = 2
7) log2x (x 2 5x + 6) = 2
8) logx + 3 (x 2 x ) = 1
9) logx (2x 2 7x + 12) = 2
10) logx (2x 2 3x 4) = 2
11) log2x (x 2 5x + 6) = 2
12) logx (x 2 2) = 1
13) log 3x
15) logx
+5
(9x 2 + 8x + 2) = 2
15
= 2
1 2x
14) log2x
+ 4
(x 2 + 1) = 1
16) log 2 (3 2x ) = 1
x
Page 14
GV.Lu Huy Thng

17) log
x 2 + 3x
0968.393.899
www.VNMATH.com
18) logx (2x 2 5x + 4) = 2
(x + 3) = 1
HT 29: Gii cc phng trnh sau (t n ph):

1) log23 x + log23 x + 1 5 = 0
3) logx 2 log 4 x +
7
=0
6
5) log2 x + 3 log2 x + log1/2 x = 0

2
7) log5 x logx
1
=2
5
9) 2 log5 x 2 = logx
2) log2 x + 3 log2 x + log1/2 x = 2

2
4) log21 4x + log2
2
6) log 2 16 + log2x 64 = 3
x
8) log7 x logx
1
5
x2
=8
8
10) 3
1
=2
7
log2 x log2 4x = 0
11) 3 log3 x log 3 3x 1 = 0
12) log2 3 x + 3 log2 x = 4 / 3
13) log2 3 x 3 log2 x = 2 / 3
14) log22 x + 2 log4
15) log22 (2 x ) 8 log1/4 (2 x ) = 5
16) log25 x + 4 log25 5x 5 = 0
17) logx 5 + logx 5x =
19)
9
+ logx2 5
4
1
2
+
=1
4 lg x 2 + lg x
1
=0
x
18) log 2 3 + log9 x = 1

x
20)
1
3
+
=1
5 lg x 3 + lg x
21) log2x x 2 14 log16x x 3 + 40 log4x x = 0

log2 x
log2 6
1) log23 x + (x 12)log3 x + 11 x = 0
2) 6.9
3) x .log22 x 2(x + 1).log2 x + 4 = 0
4) log22 x + (x 1)log2 x = 6 2x
+ 6.x 2 = 13.x
5) (x + 2)log2 3 (x + 1) + 4(x + 1)log3 (x + 1) 16 = 0 6) log 2 (2 + x ) + log

x
7) log23 (x + 1) + (x 5)log3 (x + 1) 2x + 6 = 0
2x
x =2
8) 4 log3 x 1 log3 x = 4
9) log2 (x 2 + 3x + 2) + log2 (x 2 + 7x + 12) = 3 + log2 3

1) log7 x = log3( x + 2)
2) log2 (x 3) + log3 (x 2) = 2
Page 15
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
3) log3 (x + 1) + log5 (2x + 1) = 2

5) 4
7) x
log7 (x +3)
log2 9
log6 x
) = log6 x
6) log2 (1 + x ) = log3 x
=x
= x 2 .3
4) log2 (x + 3
log2 x
log2 3
8) log 3x +7 (9 + 12x + 4x 2 ) + log2x +3 (6x 2 + 23x + 21) = 4

9) log2 (x x 2 1).log3 (x + x 2 1) = log6 (x x 2 1)
HT 32: Gii cc phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

1) x + x
log2 3
=x
log2 5
(x > 0)
2) x 2 + 3
log2 x
=5
log2 x
3) log5 (x + 3) = 3 x
4) log2 (3 x ) = x
5) log2 (x 2 x 6) + x = log2 (x + 2) + 4
6) x + 2.3
log2 x
=3
7) 4(x 2) log2 (x 3) + log 3 (x 2) = 15(x + 1)
HT 33: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v phng trnh tch):

1) log2 x + 2.log7 x = 2 + log2 x .log7 x
2) log2 x .log3 x + 3 = 3.log3 x + log2 x
2
3) 2 (log9 x ) = log 3 x .log 3 ( 2x + 1 1)
HT 34: Gii cc phng trnh sau (phng php i lp):

1) ln(sin2 x ) 1 + sin3 x = 0
3) 22x +1 + 232x =
2) log2 (x 2 + x 1) = 1 x 2
8
log3 (4x 2 4x + 4)
HT 35: Tm m cc phng trnh sau:

1) log2 (4x m ) = x + 1 c 2 nghim phn bit.
2) log23 x (m + 2).log 3 x + 3m 1 = 0 c 2 nghim x1, x2 tho x1.x2 = 27.
3) 2 log4 (2x 2 x + 2m 4m 2 ) = log2 (x 2 + mx 2m 2 ) c 2 nghim x1, x2 tho x 12 + x 22 > 1 .
4) log23 x + log23 x + 1 2m 1 = 0 c t nht mt nghim thuc on 1; 3 3 .
5) 4 log2 x
+ log2 x + m = 0 c nghim thuc khong (0; 1).
Page 16
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN VI: H PHNG TRNH M V LOGARIT

Khi gii h phng trnh m v logarit, ta cng dng cc phng php gii h phng trnh hc nh:
Phng php th.
Phng php cng i s.
Phng php t n ph.
.
HT 36: Gii cc h phng trnh sau:

x + 2y = 5
1)
x 2y = 1
x 3 = 1
3) 2
x + 3y = 19
2x = 4y
2) x
4 = 32y
x y 1 = 8
4) 2y 6
=4
x

4x 3y = 7
1) x y
4 .3 = 144
y
x
2 + 3 = 17
2) x
3.2 2.3y = 6
x +y
= 56
2x + 2.3
3)
x
+
y
+
1
3.2x + 3
= 87
2x +2 + 22y +2 = 17
3
4) x +1
2.3
+ 3.2y = 8
3
5)
3
2
2(x 2 1)
4.4x 1.2y + 22y = 1
4
6)
22y 3.4x 2 1..2y = 4
x +1
2y = 4
x +1
2y +1 = 1
2
y x 2
=1
(x + y )2
8)
9(x 2 + y ) = 6x 2 y
y
2
cot x = 3
7)
cos x = 2y
32x 2y = 77
9) x
3 2y = 7
2x 2y = (y x )(xy + 2)
10) 2
x + y 2 = 2

3x = 2y + 1
1) y
3 = 2x + 1
2x 2y = y x
3) 2
2
x + xy + y = 3
3x + 2x = y + 11
2) y
3 + 2y = x + 11
7 x 1 = 6y 5
4) y 1
7
= 6x 5

Page 17
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
x + y = 6
1)
log2 x + log2 y = 3
log y + log x = 2
y
2) x
x + y = 6
x + log y = 4
2
3)
2x log2 y = 2
x 2 y 2 = 3
4)
log 3 (x + y ) log5 (x y ) = 1
xy = 32
5)
logy x = 4
log x + 2log2 y = 3
6) y 3
x = 9
2(log x + log y ) = 5
y
x
7)
xy = 8
x 1 + 2 y = 1
8)
2
3
3 log9 (9x ) log 3 y = 3
1
log x 2 log y = 0
3
3
9)
2
3
2
x + y 2y = 0
log (3x + 2y ) = 2
1) x
logy (2x + 3y ) = 2
y log x = 1
3
10) y
12
x = 3
log (6x + 4y ) = 2
2) x
logy (6y + 4x ) = 2
log 1 x = 2 log y
2
2
y
3)
log x + log y = 4
3
3
2
2
log x log y 2 = 1
2
4) y
log 4 x log 4 y = 1
log x 2 + y 2 + 6 = 4
5) 2
log x + log y = 1
3
3
x log2 y + y log2 x = 16
6)
log2 x log2 y = 2
x log 3 y + 2.y log3 x = 27
7)
log3 y log 3 x = 1
log x
log y
3.x 2 + 2.y 2 = 10
8)
log x 2 + log y = 2
2
4
log (2x + y 2) = 2
9) x
logy (2y + x 2) = 2
log (xy ) = 4
2
x
10)
log2 = 2
y

lg x + lg y = 4
1) lg y
x
= 1000
x x 2y = 36
2)
4 (x 2y ) + log6 x = 9
Page 18
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
(x + y )3y x = 5
3)
27
3
log
(
)
x
+
y
=
x y
3lg x = 4lg y
4)
(4x )lg 4 = (3y )lg 3
2 log x 2 log y + 5 = 0
1
x2
5) y
2
xy = 32

log 2 x
2
= y4
1)
log x log y = 1
2
2
x y
1 x 2y
(
)
=
2) 3
3
(
)
log2 x + y + log2 (x y ) = 4
x log8 y + y log8 x = 4
3)
log 4 x log 4 y = 1
x y
3 .2 = 18
4) log (x + y ) = 1
1
3
x y
1 x 2y
=
3
5)
3
log2 (x + y ) + log2 (x y ) = 4
x + y
y x
= 32
6) 4
log 3 (x y ) = 1 log 3 (x + y )
3x.2y = 972
7)
log (x y ) = 2
3
3x.2y = 1152
8)
log (x + y ) = 2
5
x
y
(x + y ) = (x y )
9)
log x log y = 1
2
2
4 log3 xy = 2 + (xy )log3 2
10) 2
x + y 2 3x 3y = 12
x log3 y + 2y log3 x = 27
11)
log3 y log3 x = 1
log xy = log x 2
x
y
12) 2 log x
y y = 4y + 3
( )
Page 19
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN VII: BT PHNG TRNH M

Khi gii cc bt phng trnh m ta cn ch tnh n iu ca hm s m.
a f (x ) > a g (x )
a > 1
f (x ) > g (x )

0 < a < 1
f (x ) < g (x )
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh m:
a v cng c s.
t n ph.
.
Ch : Trong trng hp c s a c cha n s th:
a M > a N (a 1)(M N ) > 0

HT 43: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (a v cng c s):
x 2 2x
1) 3
x +2
3) 2
5) 9x
1 x

3
x +3
x +4
3x +2
6x
x 1
3x +2
x2 + 1
7) 4x 2 + x .2
1
2)
2
x +1
>5
x +2
4) 3
x 6 2x 3 +1
+3
1 1 x
<
2
x 1
x 2
< 11
6) 62x +3 < 2x +7.33x 1
<0
2
+ 3.2x > x 2 .2x + 8x + 12
8) 6.x 2 + 3 x .x + 31+
< 2.3 x .x 2 + 3x + 9
9) 9x + 9x +1 + 9x +2 < 4x + 4x +1 + 4x +2
10) 7.3x +1 + 5x +3 3x +4 + 5x +2
11) 2x +2 + 5x +1 < 2x + 5x +2
12) 2x 1.3x + 2 > 36
13)
x 3
x 1
10 + 3)
< ( 10 3)
14)
x +1
2 + 1)
1
15)
x +1
x +3
x 1
x 2 2x
16) 2
2x 1
x
x 1
( 2 1)
1
3x +1
HT 44: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (t n ph):

x
1) 2.14 + 3.49 4 0
x
2(x 1)
3) 4 2
2
(x 2)
+ 83
2)
> 52
1
1
x
4
4) 8.3
1
2
x
2
x +4 x
3 0
+ 91+
>9
Page 20
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2x + 1
x +1
> 30 + 5x.30x
5) 25.2x 10x + 5x > 25
6) 5
7) 6x 2.3x 3.2x + 6 0
8) 27x + 12x > 2.8x
10) 3x +1 22x +1 12 2 < 0
9) 49 x 35 x 25 x
11) 252x x
+1
+6
+ 92x x
+1
34.252x x
12) 32x 8.3x +
13) 4x + x 1 5.2x + x 1 + 1 + 16 0
2
14)
> 12
1
1
+1
2
x
x
17) 2
+2
<9
9.9
x +4
>0
3 + 2) + ( 3 2) 2
1 3x 1 x
16)
4
8
+1
1 x
1 x
15) + 3
3
3
x +4
128 0
18) (22x + 1 9.2x + 4). x 2 + 2x 3 0
HT 45: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

x
1) 2 <
3)
5)
x
32
+1
2.3x 2x +2
x
3 2
2)
7)
4x 2
2x 1
4) 3
32x + 3 2x
21x 2x + 1
6)
+2
2x + 4
3x + x 4
x2 x 6
> 13
>0
3x 2 5x + 2 + 2x > 3x .2x 3x 2 5x + 2 + (2x ) 3x
HT 46: Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau c nghim:

1) 4x m.2x + m + 3 0
3)
x +4
2) 9x m.3x + m + 3 0
4) (
2 +7 + 2 2 m
x2
2 + 1)
+(
x 2 1
2 1)
+m = 0
HT 47: Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi:

1) (3m + 1).12x + (2 m ).6x + 3x < 0 , x > 0.
2) (m 1)4x + 2x +1 + m + 1 > 0 , x.
3) m.9x (2m + 1) 6x + m.4x 0 , x [0; 1].
4) m.9x + (m 1).3x +2 + m 1 > 0 , x.
5) 4
cos x
+ 2 (2m + 1) 2
cos x
+ 4m 2 3 < 0 , x.
6) 4x 3.2x +1 m 0 , x.
3x + 3 + 5 3x m , x.
7) 4x 2x m 0 , x (0; 1)
8)
9) 2.25x (2m + 1).10x + (m + 2).4x 0 , x 0.
10) 4x 1 m.(2x + 1) > 0 , x.
HT 48: Tm m mi nghim ca (1) u l nghim ca bt phng trnh (2):

Page 21
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
1
2
+1
1 x
x
1
+ 3
> 12
3
1) 3
(m 2)2 x 2 3 (m 6) x m 1 < 0
(1)
(2)
1
2
+1
x
x
2
2
>8
2)
2
2
4x 2mx (m 1) < 0
(1)
(2)
VN VIII: BT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

Khi gii cc bt phng trnh logarit ta cn ch tnh n iu ca hm s logarit.
a > 1
f (x ) > g (x ) > 0
loga f (x ) > loga g (x )

0 < a < 1
0 < f (x ) < g(x )
Ta cng thng s dng cc phng php gii tng t nh i vi phng trnh logarit:
a v cng c s.
t n ph.
.
Ch : Trong trng hp c s a c cha n s th:
loga B > 0 (a 1)(B 1) > 0 ;
loga A
loga B
> 0 (A 1)(B 1) > 0
HT 49: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (a v cng c s):

1) log5 (1 2x ) < 1 + log (x + 1)
2) log2 (1 2 log9 x ) < 1
5
3) log 1 5 x < log 1 (3 x )

3
5) log 1 (log2
3
4) log2 log 1 log5 x > 0

3
1 + 2x
)> 0
1+x
7) log 1 log 4 (x 2 5) > 0
6) (x 2 4 ) log 1 x > 0
2
8) 6
log26 x
+x
log 6 x
12
9) log2 (x + 3) 1 + log2 (x 1)
11) log 3 log 1 x 0
(log x )
log x
10) 2 2 + x 2
12) 2 log8 (x 2) + log 1 (x 3) >

8
2
3
Page 22
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
13) log 1 log5 ( x 2 + 1 + x ) > log 3 log 1 ( x 2 + 1 x )
3
5
HT 50: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
1)
lg (x 2 1)
<1
lg (1 x )
2)
lg (x 2 3x + 2)
3)
>2
lg x + lg 2
3x 1
5) logx 2
>0
x +1
log2 (x + 1) log3 (x + 1)
x 2 3x 4
4) x
log2 x
+x
5 logx 2log2 x
>0
18 < 0
6) log3 x .log2 x < log 3 x 2 + log2
7) logx (log 4 (2x 4)) 1
8) log
9) log x (x 2 8x + 16) 0
10) log2x (x 2 5x + 6) < 1
3x x 2
x
4
(3 x ) > 1
x 1
> 0
11) log x +6 log2
x + 2
3
12) logx 1 (x + 1) > log
x 2 1
13) (4x 2 16x + 7).log3 (x 3) > 0

HT 51: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (t n ph):
1) log2 x + 2 logx 4 3 0
3) 2 log5 x logx 125 < 1
14) (4x 12.2x + 32).log2 (2x 1) 0

2) log5 (1 2x ) < 1 + log
(x + 1)
4) log2x 64 + log 2 16 3
x
5) logx 2.log2x 2.log2 4x > 1

7)
(x + 1)
6)
log4 x
log2 x
2
+
>
1 log2 x 1 + log2 x
1 log22 x
9) log21 x 6 log2 x + 8 0
8)
log21
2
x + log 1 x 2 < 0
4
1
2
+
1
4 + log2 x 2 log2 x
10)
log23 x 4 log3 x + 9 2 log3 x 3
11) log9 (3x 2 + 4x + 2) + 1 > log3 (3x 2 + 4x + 2)

13)
1 9 log21 x > 1 4 log 1 x

8
15)
1+
log23
1 + log 3 x
12)
1
2
+
<1
5 log5 x 1 + log5 x
1
14) logx 100 log100 x > 0
2
16) logx 2.log x 2 >
>1
16
1
log2 x 6
HT 52: Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu):

1) (x + 1)log20,5x + (2x + 5)log 0,5 x + 6 0
2) log2 (2x + 1) + log3 (4x + 2) 2
3)
log2 x + 1
>
5+x
4) x 5 x < 0
2 3x + 1
lg
log 3 x + 1
HT 53: Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau c nghim:

1) log1/2 (x 2 2x + m ) > 3
1
2) logx 100 logm 100 > 0
2
Page 23
GV.Lu Huy Thng

3)
0968.393.899
1
2
+
<1
5 logm x 1 + logm x
4)
1 + logm x
>1
6) logx m (x 2 1) > logx m (x 2 + x 2)
log2 x + m > log2 x
5)
2
1 + logm
x
HT 54: Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau nghim ng vi:

a) log2 (7x 2 + 7 ) log2 (mx 2 + 4x + m ) , x
b) log2 x 2 2x + m + 4 log2 x 2 2x + m 5 , x [0; 2]
c) 1 + log5 (x 2 + 1) log5 (mx 2 + 4x + m ) , x.

d)
m 2
m
m
2 log
1 + log
1 + log
> 0 , x
x
x
1
1
1
1
m
1
m
1
m
+
+
+
2
2
2
N TP
HT 55: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
1)
3)
22x 1.4x +1
8
= 64
2) 9 3x 1 = 38x 2
(0, 04)x
=
25
5 x +1 9 x
4) .
3
25
x 1
0,2x +0,5
5
1
5) 7x +2 .7x +1 14.7x 1 + 2.7x = 48
7
7) 2(2
9)
11)
lg x +5
x 3
7,2x +3,9
5 9
=
3
9 3 ) lg(7 x ) = 0
x 1
x
8) 5x . 8x 1 = 500
=4
1
+2x 11
x +3 2 x
)
1
1
1 lg x 2
x 3
6) (3x
10) x lg x = 1000x 2
100
= 105+lg x
12)
log 3 x 1
( x)
=3

1) 4x
+2
9.2x
+2
+8 = 0
2) 4x
1
x
64
3) 64.9 84.12 + 27.16 = 0
4)
x 2 5
12.2x 1
3+
3
x
x 2 5
+8 = 0
+ 12 = 0
Page 24
GV.Lu Huy Thng

5) 9x
36.3x
0968.393.899
6) 34x +8 4.32x +5 + 28 = 2 log2 2
+3= 0
7) 32x +1 = 3x +2 + 1 6.3x + 32(x +1)

1+ log3 x
9) 9
11) 2sin
1+ log3 x
+ 4.2cos
8)
5 + 24
) +(
5 24
2
+2
210 = 0
10) 4lg x +1 6lg x 2.3lg x
=6
12) 3lg(tan x ) 2.3lg(cot x )+1 = 1
= 10
=0

65x
2x 1 1
2 2 + 5 x
25
1)
<
5
4
2)
3) x 2 .5x 52+x < 0
4) x lg
4x + 2x 4
2
5)
x 1
x +2
7) 2
x +3
6) 8.
x +4
x +1
>5
x +2
2x +1
5) 4
x +1
3x 2
3x 2x
1 log2 (x
8)
2
+ 5.6
1
x
< 4.9
1
x
9)
1)
>1
2(x 1)
+8
> 52
9x 3x +2 > 3x 9

1) log3 (3x 8) = 2 x
>1
2) 25x 5x +1 50
4) 3lg x +2 < 3lg x
+5
1 2x + 3
21.
+2 0
2
4 3 x
1 23x
35.
+6 0
3
8) 3
10)
2x +1
6) 2
16 < 2 log4 8
7) 4 2
2 x
> 1 +
3
1 x 1
12) 3 . .
3 3
2(x 2)
x
> 1000
72

1) 4x 2.52x 10x > 0
3) 9.4
x 3 lg x +1
1 x + 2 x
1
>
10)
3
27
1 1x
1 3
11)
>
5
5
1
x
<2
1 2
x +2
1 2 x
9)
>9
3
2x +1 + 1
9x + 3x 2 9 3x
2) log5x (x 2 2x + 65) = 2
Page 25
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
3) log7 (2x 1) + log7 (2x 7) = 1

log3 lg x
5) 3
lg x + lg2 x 3 = 0
7) x 1+lg x = 10x
lg x lg
9)
2
4) log3 (1 + log3 (2x 7)) = 1

6) 9
8)
1
11) log3 log9 x + + 9x = 2x
= 5x 2 5
log 5 x 1
( x)
x + lg x 2 2
= lg x
log3 (12x )
10)
lg x +7
x 4
12) 2 log 3
=5
= 10lg x +1
x 3
x 3
+ 1 = log3
x 7
x 1
1) 2 logx 5
3 logx 5 + 1 = 0
2) log1/3 x 3 log1/3 x + 2 = 0
3) log22 x + 2 log2 x 2 = 0
4) 3 + 2 logx +1 3 = 2 log3 (x + 1)
5) logx (9x 2 ).log23 x = 4
2
x 3 log1/2 x + 5 = 2
6) log3 log1/2
7) lg2 (100x ) lg2 (10x ) + lg2 x = 6
8) log2 (2x 2 ).log2 (16x ) =
9) log3 (9x + 9) = x + log 3 (28 2.3x )
10) log2 (4x + 4) = log2 2x + log2 (2x +1 3)
9
log22 x
2

2x 6
>0
2x 1
1) log0,5 (x 2 5x + 6) > 1
2) log7
3c) log 3 x log 3 x 3 < 0
4) log1/3
5) log1/4 (2 x ) > log1/4
7)
x2 4
log1/2 (x 2 1)
9) 2
2
x +1
<0
log2 x (x 2 + 8x +15)
2 3x
1
x
6) log1/3 log 4 (x 2 5) > 0
8h)
log2 (x + 1)
x 1
log1/3
10) (0,5)
<1

(x y )2 1
=1
4
1)
5x +y = 125
x +y
= 128
4
2) 3x 2y 3
5
=1
>0
x +5
x 2 +3
>1
2x + 2y = 12
3)
x + y = 5
Page 26
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
3.2x + 2.3x = 2, 75
4)
2x 3y = 0, 75
7 x 16y = 0
5) x
4 49y = 0
3x .2y = 972
6)
log (x y ) = 2
3
5y x
x
y
y
= 16
7)
4 3.4
x 2y = 12 8
32x 2y = 77
8) x
y /2
3 2 = 7
( 2
y x 2
=1
x + y ) 2
9)
2
9 (x 2 + y ) = 6x y

log x log y = 0
1) 2 4 2 2
x 5y + 4 = 0
log 3 (x y ) = 2
2)
log x log y = 7
x
6
4
x lg y = 2
3)
xy = 20
log x + 2 log y = 3
2
4) 2 2 4
x + y = 16
1 1
= 2
5) x y
15
log 3 x + log 3 y = 1 + log 3 5
3logx 2 = y log5 y
6) log 3
2 y = x log7 x
lg(x 2 + y 2 ) 1 = lg13
7)
lg(x + y ) lg(x y ) = 3 lg 2
x
+ y = 9
8
8) y 2 x 2
log2 x + log 2 y = 3
2 log x 3y = 15
10) y 2
3 .log x = 2 log x + 3y +1
2
2
x y
+
x y
y x
3 .2 = 576
=
4
32
11)
12)
log (y x ) = 4
+
log
(
x
y
)
1
log
(
x
y
)
2
3
3
xy = 8
9)
2(logy x + logx y ) = 5

1) 4 x
3)
x2 5 12.2 x 1
x 2 5
+ 8=0
2) ( x + 1)log23 x 4 x log3 x 16 = 0
1
log2 ( x 1)2 + log 1 ( x + 4) = log2 (3 x)
2
4) log3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) = log2 ( x 2 + 2 x)
5) 3 x 2 2 x 3 = log2 ( x 2 + 1) log2 x
6) log5 x.log3 x = log5 x + log3 x
7) log2 (2 x + 1).log2 (2 x +1 + 2) = 6
8) log3
9) 3 +
11)
89 x 25
1
= log x

2
log32 x
2 x
3
x3
1
.log2 x log 3
= + log2 x
x
2
3
10) log20,5 x + log2 x 2 = log x 4 x
3
log 1 ( x + 2)2 3 = log 1 (4 x)3 + log 1 ( x + 6)3
2
4
12) log4 ( x + 1)2 + 2 = log
4 x + log 8 (4 + x)3
Page 27
GV.Lu Huy Thng

/s: 1) x =
0968.393.899
9
;x = 3
4
2) x =
1
;x = 3
81
4) x = 1 3
5) nh gi x = 1
7) log2 3
8) x = 1; x =
3) x = 11; x = 1 + 14
6) x = 1; x = 15
3
8
9) x =
1
1
; x = ; x = 2 11) x = 2; x = 1 33
4
2
10) x =
5
8
12) x = 2 24; x = 2
(log x )
log x
2) 2 2 + x 2 4
1) 2 log5 x log x 125 < 1
log 1 ( x + 3)2 log 1 ( x + 3)2
3) 4 x 2 + x.2 x
+1
8 + 21+ x 4 x + 21+ x > 5
5)
7) log4 (3 x 1)log 1
4
9)
+ 3.2 x > x 2 .2 x + 8 x + 12
/s:
6)
3x 1 3
16
4
1
+
log 1 (2 x 1) log
1
2
x2 3 x + 2
1
1) x 0; 1;5 5
5
4) (2; 1)
7) (0;1) (3; +)
>0
x +1
log22 x + 3
log2 x + 3
>2
8) ( x + 1)log 1 x + (2 x + 5).log 1 x + 6 0
2
>0
) (
2) x (0; +)
3) x 2; 1
5) (0;2]
1 1
6) ;
8 2
8) (0;2] [4; +)
1 + 13 3 + 5
;1
; +
9)
6
2

9log2 ( xy ) = 3 + 2.( xy)log2 3
1) 2
x + y2 = 3 x + 3y + 6
2 x + log y + 2 x log y = 5
2
2
3) x
4 + log2 y = 5
2
4)
2; 3
log ( x 2 + y2 ) = 5
2)
2
2 log4 x + log2 y = 4
2 xy
2 2 x y
2 2 6 = 0
3.
+
7.
4) 3
3

lg(3 x y) + lg(y + x) 4 lg 2 = 0
Page 28
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
log2 x + 3 3 log3 y = 5
5)
3 log x 1 log y = 1
2
3
5 17 5 17
;
/s: 1)
2
2
4) (2;2)
x + y
y x
= 32
6) 4
log 3 ( x y) = 1 log3 ( x + y)
2) (4; 4)
3) (2; 4);(4;2)
5) (4; 81)
6) (2;1)
Page 29
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
TUYN TP THI CC NM
HT 67: (D 2011) log2 (8 x 2 ) + log 1
1 + x + 1 x 2 = 0 (x ) /s: x = 0
log (3y 1) = x
1; 1
HT 68: (B 2010) x 2 x
/s:
(
,
)
x
y
2
4 + 2 = 3y
2
x 4x + y + 2 = 0
HT 69: (D 2010)
(x , y ) /s: (3;1)
2 log2 (x 2) log y = 0
2
log (x 2 + y 2 ) = 1 + log (xy )

2
2
HT 70: (A 2009) x 2 xy +y 2
(x , y ) /s: (2;2),(2; 2)
3
= 81
x = 2
2
2
HT 71: (A 2008) log2x 1(2x + x 1) + logx +1(2x 1) = 4 /s:
x = 5
x 2 + x
HT 72: (B 2008) log 0,7 log6
< 0 /s: (4; 3) (8; +)
x + 4
HT 73: (D 2008) log 1

2
x 2 3x + 2
0 /s:
x
2 2;1 (2;2 + 2)
3
<x 3
4
HT 74: (A 2007) 2 log3 (4x 3) + log 1 (2x + 3) 2 /s:

3
HT 75: (B 2007)
) (
2 1 +
2 + 1 2 2 = 0 /s: x = 1
HT 76: (D 2007) log2 (4x + 15.2x + 27) + 2 log2
1
4.2x 3
= 0 /s: x = log2 3
HT 77: (A 2006) 3.8x + 4.12x 18x 2.27x = 0 /s: x = 1

HT 78: (B 2006) log5 (4x + 144) 4 log5 2 < 1 + log5 (2x 2 + 1) /s: 2 < x < 4
HT 79: (D 2006) Chng minh rng vi mi a > 0 h c nghim duy nht:
e x e y = ln(1 + x ) ln(1 + y )
y x = a
log (y x ) log 1 = 1
1
4
y
HT 80: (A 2004)
/s: (3;4)
4
2
2
x + y = 25
x = 1
x 2 x
2 +x x 2
HT 81: (D 2003) 2
2
= 3 /s:
x = 2
HT 82: (A 2002) Cho phng trnh log23 x + log23 x + 1 2m 1 = 0 (Vi m l tham s)
a. Gii phng trnh vi m = 2 /s: x = 3
Page 30
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
b. Tm m phng trnh c t nht mt nghim thuc on 1; 3 3 /s: 0 m 2
HT 83: (B 2002) logx log3 (9x 72) 1 /s: log9 73 < x 2
Page 31
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN 2: CHUYN LNG GIC

KIN THC CN NH
sin
Cho (OA, OM ) . Gi s M (x ; y ) .
cos x OH
sin y OK
sin
AT
cos
cos
cot
BS
sin
tan
tang
Gi tr lng gic ca gc (cung) lng gic

1. nh ngha cc gi tr lng gic
T
cotang
S
M
cosin
Nhn xt:
, 1 cos 1; 1 sin 1
tan xc nh khi
k , k Z
2
sin( k 2) sin
cot xc nh khi k , k Z
tan( k ) tan
cos( k 2) cos
cot( k ) cot
2. Du ca cc gi tr lng gic
Phn t
Gi tr lng gic
cos
sin
tan
cot
II
III
IV
+
+
I B +
+
+
+
3. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c bit

0
00
300
450
600
900
1200
1350
1500
1800
2700
3600
sin
cos
tan
cot
4. H thc c bn:
sin2 cos2 1 ;
tan.cot 1 ;
1 tan2
1
2
cos
; 1 cot2
1
sin2
Page 1
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
5. Gi tr lng gic ca cc gc c lin quan c bit

Gc i nhau
Gc b nhau
Gc hn km
Gc ph nhau
Gc hn km
I B
II. Cng thc lng gic

1. Cng thc cng
2. Cng thc nhn i
H qu:sin 2 2 sin . cos

cos 2 cos2 sin2 2 cos2 1 1 2 sin2
Page 2
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
Cng thc h bc
Cng thc nhn ba (*)
3. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch
I B
4. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng
III. Phng trnh lng gic c bn (Cc trng hp c bit)

1.Phng trnh sinx = sin
x k 2
a) sin x sin
(k Z )
x k 2
sin x a. (1 a 1)
x arcsin a k 2
b)
sin x a
(k Z )
x arcsin a k 2
c) sin u sin v sin u sin(v )
d) sin u cos v sin u sin v

2
e) sin u cos v sin u sin v
Page 3
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
Cc trng hp c bit:
sin x 0 x k (k Z )
sin x 1 x
k 2 (k Z )
2
sin x 1 x
k 2 (k Z )
2
sin x 1 sin2 x 1 cos2 x 0 cos x 0 x
2.
k (k Z )
2
Phng trnh cosx = cos

a) cos x cos x k 2 (k Z )
b)
cos x a. (1 a 1)
cos x a x arccos a k 2 (k Z )
c) cos u cos v cos u cos( v )
d) cos u sin v cos u cos v

2
e) cos u sin v cos u cos v

2
Cc trng hp c bit:
k (k Z )
2
cos x 1 x k 2 (k Z )
cos x 0 x
I B
cos x 1 x k 2 (k Z )
cos x 1 cos2 x 1 sin2 x 0 sin x 0 x k (k Z )
3.
Phng trnh tanx = tan

a) tan x tan x k (k Z )
b) tan x a x arctan a k (k Z )
c) tan u tan v tan u tan(v )
d) tan u cot v tan u tan v

2
e) tan u cot v tan u tan v

2
Cc trng hp c bit:
tan x 0 x k (k Z )
4.
tan x 1 x
k (k Z )
4
Phng trnh cotx = cot

cot x cot x k (k Z )
cot x a x arccot a k (k Z )
Cc trng hp c bit:
cot x 0 x
k
2
(k Z )
cot x 1 x
k (k Z )
4
Page 4
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
5.
Mt s iu cn ch :
a) Khi gii phng trnh c cha cc hm s tang, cotang, c mu s hoc cha cn bc chn, th nht thit phi
t iu kin phng trnh xc nh.
k (k Z ).
2
Phng trnh cha cotx th iu kin: x k (k Z )
Phng trnh cha c tanx v cotx th iu kin x k
Phng trnh c mu s:
sin x 0 x k (k Z )
Phng trnh cha tanx th iu kin: x
(k Z )
2
k (k Z )
2
cos x 0 x
tan x 0 x k
(k Z )
2
(k Z )
2
b) Khi tm c nghim phi kim tra iu kin. Ta thng dng mt trong cc cch sau kim tra iu kin:
1. Kim tra trc tip bng cch thay gi tr ca x vo biu thc iu kin.
2. Dng ng trn lng gic.
3. Gii cc phng trnh v nh.
cot x 0 x k
I B
Page 5
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CC DNG PHNG TRNH LNG GIC C BN
1
1. sin x
6
2
2. 2 sin(2x ) 2
3
1
4. cos(2x )
3
2
5.
3. 3 sin(x ) 1
4
2 cos(x ) 1
6
6. 4 cos(x ) 3
3
a ) sin 3x 1 sin x 2
b) cos x cos 2x
3
6
c) cos 3x sin 2x
d ) cos 2x cos x 0
3
3
x
e) sin 3x sin 0
4 2
f ) tan 3x tan x
4
6
g ) cot 2x cot x
4
3
h ) tan 2x 1 cot x 0
Gii cc phng trnh sau (a v phng trnh bc hai)
HT 3:
2
1. sin x 3 sin x 2 0
12. 4 cos 3 x 3 2 sin 2x 8 cos x
2. 3 cos2 2x 4 cos 2x 1 0
13. 4 cos5 x . sin x 4 sin5 . cos x sin2 4x
3. tan2 x 5 tan x 6 0
14. tan2 x 1 3 tan x 3 0

15. 2 tan x 2 cot x 3
4. cot2 x 3 cot x 4 0
5. 4 sin x 2 3 1 sin x 3 0
I B
16.
tan2 x cot2 x 2
6. cos2 2x 3 sin 2x 3 0
17. 8 cot2 2x 4 cot 2x 3 0
7. cos2 3x 5 sin 3x 5 0
18. cos2 2x 2(sin x cos x )2 3 sin 2x 3 0
8. sin2 x 7 cos x 7 0
19. c os2x 3 cos x 4 cos2
9. cos2 2x 6 sin x cos x 3 0

10. cos 4x 5 sin 2x 2 0
11. 3 cos 2x 4 cos x 7 0
20. 9 13 cos x
x
2
4
1 tan2 x
=0
HT 4: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a sin x b cos x c 0)

9. 2 sin2 x 3 sin 2x 3
1. sin x 3 cos x 1
2.
2(sin 2x cos 2x ) 2
3. sin 2x 3 cos 2x 1
4.
10. sin x cos x 2 sin 5x

11.
3 cos 3x sin 3x 2
5. cos 2x 2 3 sin x cos x 2 sin 3x

6.
3 cos 4x 2 sin 2x cos 2x 2 cos x
7.
3 sin 5x 2 cos x cos 5x 0
8.
3 sin 2x sin 2x 1
2
2(sin 2x cos 2x ) 2 cos(x )

2
6
6
3 cos x 4 sin x 1
13. cos x 3 sin x 2 cos x

3
12. 3 cos x 4 sin x
14. 8 cos x
3
1
sin x cos x
HT 5: Gii cc phng trnh sau (a sin x b cos x c 0) (Nng cao)

2
1. sin x cos x 3 cos 2x 2
Page 6
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2. 4(sin4 x cos4 x ) 3 sin 2x 2

3. cos2 3x 2 sin 6x 1 sin2 3x
4. 2 sin 4x 3 cos 2x 16 sin3 x cos x 5 0
5. 2(cos 2x 3 sin 2x ) cos 2x cos 2x 3 sin 2x 1
6. sin x cos x sin 2x 3 cos 3x 2(cos 4x sin3 )
7. 1 2(cos 2x tan x sin 2x ) cos2 x cos 2x
8. 4 sin3 x cos 3x 4 cos3 x sin 3x 3 3 cos 4x 3
HT 6: Gii cc phng trnh sau (ng cp bc hai a sin2 x b sin x cos x c cos2 x d 0 )
1.
3 sin2 x 4 sin x cos x cos2 x 0
2.
2 sin2 x 3 cos2 5 sin x cos x 2 0
3.
sin 4x 2 sin2 2x 2 cos 4x 0
4.
sin2 2x 2 sin 2x cos 2x 3 cos2 2x
5.
2 cos x 4 sin x
6.
7.
2 cos3 x 3 sin x 4 sin 3 x

sin x cos 2x 6 cos x (1 2 cos 2x )
8.
2 sin2 x 1 3 sin x . cos x 1 3 cos2 x 1
9.
3 sin2 x 8 sin x . cos x 8 3 9 cos2 x 0
3
cos x
I B
10. 4 sin2 x 3 3 sin x . cos x 2 cos2 x 4

11. 3 cos 4 x 4 sin2 x cos2 x sin 4 x 0
12.
3 1 sin2 x 2 3 sin x . cos x 3 1 cos2 x 0
13.
4 sin3 x 3 cos3 x 3 sin x sin2 x cos x 0
14.
sin3 x 3 cos3 x sin x cos2 x 3 sin2 x cos x
15.
2 sin x 2 3 cos x
3
1
cos x sin x
2 1
2
HT 7: Gii cc phng trnh sau (i xng a(sin x cos x ) b sin x cos x c 0 )
16.
3 sin x . cos x sin2 x
1. 3(sin x cos x ) 2 sin x cos x 3 0

2. sin 2x cos 2x 7 sin 4x 1
3. 2 sin x sin 2x 2 cos x 2 0
4. 3 cos 2x sin 4x 6 sin x cos x 3
5. 1 sin 3 x cos3 x
3
sin 2x
2
1
6. sin3 2x cos3 2x sin 4x 1
2
7. 2 sin 2x 3 3 sin x cos x 8 0

8. 2 sin x cos x 3 sin 2x 2
9. 3 sin x cos x 2 sin 2x 3
Page 7
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
10. 1 2 1 sin x cos x sin 2x
11. sin 2x 2 sin x 1
12. sin3 x c os3x 1
2 2 sin x cos x
HT 8: Gii cc phng trnh sau (Tng hiu thnh tch)

1. sin x sin 2x sin 3x 0
2. cos x cos 2x cos 3x 0
3. cos x cos 2x cos 3x 1 0
4. sin 4x sin 2x 2 cos2 x 0
5. sin x sin 5x 1 2 cos2 x 0
6. 2 sin2 2x sin 6x 1 sin 2x
7. sin 2x sin 6x 2 sin 2 x 1 0
8. sin x sin 2x sin 3x 1 cos x cos 2x
9. cos 3x sin 3x cos x sin x 2 cos 2x
10. sin x sin 2x sin 3x cos x cos 2x cos 3x
HT 9: Gii cc phng trnh sau (Tch v tng hiu)
1. cos 3x. cos x cos 2x
2. sin x. sin 5x sin 2x . sin 3x
3. cos x cos 3x sin 2x. sin 6x sin 4x . sin 6x 0
4. 3 cos 6x 2 sin 4x . cos 2x sin 2x 0
5. 4 cos
I B
5x
3x
cos
2(8 sin x 1) cos x 5
2
2
HT 10: Gii cc phng trnh sau (H bc)

1. sin2 x sin2 2x sin2 3x
3
2
2. c os2x c os2 2x c os2 3x 1

17
10x
3. sin2 2x sin2 8x sin
2
4. 1 sin
x
x
x
sin x cos sin2 x 2 cos2
4 2
2
2
HT 11: Gii cc phng trnh sau (Dng khc)

1. sin6 x c os6x
1
4
2. sin3 x c os3x c os2x

3. sin 2x 1 2 cos x c os2x
4. (2 sin x 1)(2 cos 2x 2 sin x 1) 3 4 cos2 x
5. (sin x sin 2x )(sin x sin 2x ) sin2 3x
6. sin x sin 2x sin 3x 2(cos x c os2x c os3x )
7. (1 2 sin x )2 cos x 1 sin x cos x
8. sin x (2 cos x ) (1 cos x )2 (1 cos x )
Page 8
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
9. cos 2x (1 2 cos x )(sin x cos x ) 0

10. cos 2x 5 2(2 cos x )(sin x cos x )
11. 4 sin 2x 3 cos 2x 3(4 sin x 1)
12. c os5x . cos x c os4x .c os2x 3 cos2 x 1
13. sin 7x c os2 2x sin2 2x sin x
14. sin3 x c os3x
sin 2x . sin x cos x sin 3x

4
15. 1 sin 2x 2 cos 3x (sin x cos x ) 2 sin x 2 cos 3x c os2x )
16. cos x sin(2x ) sin(2x ) 1 3(1 2 cos x )

6
6
I B
Page 9
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
N TP
Gii cc phng trnh sau:
k
2
;x
k
24
4
3
HT 1.
2 sin 5x 3 cos 3x sin 3x 0
/s: x
HT 2.
cos2 x 3 sin 2x 1 sin2 x
/s: x k ; x
HT 3.
3 cos4 x 4 sin2 x . cos2 x sin 4 x 0
/s: x
HT 4.
sin 2x 2 sin x 1
/s: x
k 2; x k 2; x k 2
4
2
HT 5.
4sin 3x 1 3 sin x 3 cos 3x
/s: x
k 2
k 2
;x
18
3
2
3
HT 6.
4 sin3 x 3 cos3 x 3 sin x sin2 x cos x 0
/s: x
k ; x k
4
3
HT 7.
2 sin 4x 3 cos 2x 16 sin 3 x cos x 5 0
/s: x
3
4
k ;(k ); cos ; sin
2
5
5
HT 8.
sin x 4 sin3 x cos x 0
/s: x
k
4
HT 9.
tan x sin2 x 2 sin2 x 3(cos 2x sin x cos x )
/s: x
HT 10. cos 2x 5 2(2 cos x )(sin x cos x )

HT 11. 2 cos 2x 8 cos x 7
/s: x
k ; x k
4
3
k ; x k
4
3
k 2; x k 2
2
I B
1
cos x
k
3
/s: x k 2; x
HT 12. 4 cos2 x 3 tan2 x 4 3 cos x 2 3 tan x 4 0
/s: x
k 2
3
k 2 k
6
HT 13. sin3 x cos3 x cos 2x . tan x . tan x

4
4
/s: x
2 1
HT 14. cos2 x cos2 x (sin x 1)
3
3 2
/s: x k 2; x
x
x
HT 15. 2 sin2 1 4 cos2 .
2 4
3 6
/s: x k 3; x
HT 16.
tan x cot 2x
4
HT 17.
HT 18.
sin x cos x
sin 2x
1
2
2 cos x sin x
/s: x
cot x 1
tan x cot x
k 6 (k )
2
k 2 k
4
/s: x k 2; x
HT 19. 2 sin2 (x ) 2 sin2 x tan x

4
1
1
2 cot 2x
2 sin x sin 2x
HT 21. sin 2x cos x 3 2 3c os3x 3 3c os2x 8
5
k 2; x
k 2
6
6
/s: V nghim
2 cos x 1sin x cos x 1
HT 20. sin 2x sin x
k ; x k 2; x k 2
4
2
/s: x
k ;
4
/s: x
k
4
2
k 2
6
3
3 cos x s inx 3 3 0
Page 10
GV.Lu Huy Thng

/s: x
0968.393.899
k ; x k 2, k
3
5x
x
3x
HT 22. sin cos 2 cos
4
2
2 4
/s: x
HT 23. 2 2 sin x cos x 1

12
/s: x
HT 24. 2 co s 2x 2 3 sin x cos x 1 3(sin x 3 cos x ) /s: x

HT 25.
sin 2x cos 2x
tan x cot x
cos x
sin x
HT 26. (1 tan x )(1 sin 2x ) 1 tan x
x
x
HT 27. 2 sin2 1 4 cos2
2 4
3 6
HT 28. 2 sin 6x 2 sin 4x 3c os2x 3 sin 2x
k
v x k 2 v x k 2
3
3
2
k hay x k
4
3
2
k
3
/s: x
/s:
k Z
k 2
3
x k ; x
k
4
x k 3; x
/s:
k 6
2
(k )
k
/s: x 12 2 ; x 18 3
HT 29. cos 2x cos 4x cos 6x cos x . cos 2x . cos 3x 2 /s: x k

HT 30.
HT 31.
cot2 x cot x
2
cot x 1
2 cos x
4
cos 3 x cos2 x
2 1 sin x .
sin x cos x
HT 32. 4 sin2
x
3 cos 2x 3 2 cos2 x
2
4
/s:
k
4
I /s:
B x
/s: x
k 2; x m 2
2
5 k 2
7
;x
k 2
18
3
6
5
k 2
4
HT 33. sin 2x 2 2(s inx+cosx)=5
/s:
3
HT 34. sin2 4x . sin x c os4x 1 c os2x
2
/s: V nghim
HT 35.
5
sin 2x
tan x 2 cos x
2
sin
x cos x
HT 36. 9 sin x 6 cos x 3 sin 2x cos 2x 8
/s: x k ; x
/s: x
5 k 2
k 2; x
4
12
3
k 2
2
2
HT 37. 4 sin x . sin x . sin x 4 3. cos x .cos x .cos x 2 /s: x
k
, kZ
3
3
3
3
18
3
HT 38. 2 cos2
9x
6x
cos
1
10
5
HT 39. 2 cos2 (2x ) cot x tan x 2

4
HT 40. cot4 x 1
(2 sin2 2x )(2 cos2 x cos x )

4
2 sin x
/s: x
5 k 10
,k
3
3
/s: x
l
,l
8
2
/s: x
2
l 2, l
3
Page 11
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
HT 41. 2 sin2 x 2 sin2 x t anx

4
HT 42. 2 cos 6x 2 cos 4x 3 cos 2x sin 2x 3
/s: x
/s: x
HT 43. 2 cos 3x . cos x 3(1 sin 2x ) 2 3 cos2 (2x ) /s:

4
HT 44.
HT 45.
HT 46.
2(cos x sin x )
cot x 1
tan x cot 2x
sin4 2x c os4 2x
c os4 4x
tan( x ). tan( x )
4
4
3
2
cos x
4 2 sin 2x
2 3 2(cotg x 1)
sin 2x
HT 47.
3 sin 2x . 2 cos x 1 2 cos 3x cos 2x 3 cos x .
/s: x
2
2
k 2 ; x
k 2 v x k (k )
3
3
6
k
4
2
k 2
k ; x
;x
2
24
2
42
7
k v
2
/s: x
k 2
4
/s: x k
,k Z
2
/s: x
k .
18
3
k
6
2
HT 48. 8 sin6 x cos 6x 3 3 sin 4x 3 3cos 2x 9 sin 2x 11
5
7
k ; x
k ; x
k ; x k
12
12
12
4
I B
/s: x
HT 49. 1 t an2x
HT 50.
1 sin 2x
c os 2x
cos2 x . cos x 1
sin x cos x
HT 51. sin(2x
2 1 sin x .
/s: x k
, x l ;(k, l Z )
2
/s: x
k 2 v x m 2
2
17
x
) 16 2 3. s inx cos x 20 sin2 ( )

2
2 12
/s: x
5
k 2 x
k 2
2
6
HT 52. sin x sin2 x sin3 x sin 4 x cos x cos2 x cos3 x cos4 x

/s: x
k ; x m2; x m 2
4
2
Page 12
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
TUYN TP THI I HC CC NM 2002 2013

HT 1.
(H 2002A) Tm nghim thuc khong (0; 2 ) ca phng trnh:
cos 3x sin 3x
5
cos 2x 3 /S: x ; x
5 sin x
.
1 2 sin 2x
3
3
;x k .
9
2
HT 3. (H 2002D) Tm x thuc on [0; 14] nghim ng phng trnh:
cos 3x 4 cos 2x 3 cos x 4 0
3
5
7
/S: x ; x
;x
;x
.
2
2
2
2
cos 2x
1
HT 4. (H 2003A) Gii phng trnh: cot x 1
sin2 x sin 2x ./S: x k .
1 tan x
2
4
HT 2.
(H 2002B) sin2 3x cos2 4x sin2 5x cos2 6x /S: x k
HT 5.
(H 2003B) Gii phng trnh: cot x tan x 4 sin 2x
HT 6.
x
x
(H 2003D) Gii phng trnh: sin2 tan2 x cos2 0 .
2 4
2
/S: x k 2; x
2
.
sin 2x
/S: x
k .
3
k .
4
(H 2004B) Gii phng trnh: 5 sin x 2 3(1 sin x ) tan2 x .
HT 7.
5
k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
(H 2004D) Gii phng trnh: (2 cos x 1)(2 sin x cos x ) sin 2x sin x .
/S: x
HT 8.
/S: x
HT 9.
k 2; x k .
3
4
2
(H 2005A) Gii phng trnh: cos2 3x . cos 2x I
cosB
x 0.
/S: x k
.
2
HT 10. (H 2005B) Gii phng trnh: 1 sin x cos x sin 2x cos 2x 0 .
2
/S: x k ; x
k 2 .
4
3
HT 11. (H 2005D) Gii phng trnh: cos4 x sin 4 x cos x sin 3x 0 . /S: x k .
4
4
2
4
HT 12. (H 2006A) Gii phng trnh:
HT 13. (H 2006B) Gii phng trnh:
/S: x
2 cos6 x sin6 x sin x . cos x
0.
2 2 sin x
x
cot x sin x 1 tan x . tan 4 .
/S: x
5
2m .
4
5
k ; x
k .
12
12
/S x k ; x
HT 14. (H 2006D) Gii phng trnh:
cos 3x cos 2x cos x 1 0 .
1 sin2 x cos x 1 cos2 x sin x 1 sin 2x
/S: x
2
k 2 .
3
k ; x k 2; x k 2 .
4
2
HT 16. (H 2007B) Gii phng trnh: 2 sin2 2x sin 7x 1 sin x .
2
5
2
/S: x k ; x
k
;x
k
.
8
4
18
3
18
3
2
x
x
HT 17. (H 2007D) Gii phng trnh: sin cos 3 cos x 2 . /S x k 2; x k 2
2
2
2
6
7
1
1
4 sin x .
sin x
3
sin x
Page 13
GV.Lu Huy Thng

/S: x
0968.393.899
5
k ; x k ; x
k
4
8
8
HT 19. (H 2008B) Gii phng trnh: sin3 x 3 cos3 x sin x cos2 x 3 sin2 x cos x .
/S: x k ; x k .
4
2
3
HT 20. (H 2008D) Gii phng trnh: 2 sin x (1 cos 2x ) sin 2x 1 2 cos x .
/S: x
k 2; x k .
3
4
(1 2 sin x ) cos x
3.
(1 2 sin x )(1 sin x )
HT 22. (H 2009B) Gii phng trnh:
sin x cos x . sin 2x 3 cos 3x 2 cos 4x sin 3 x .
/S: x
/S: x
2
k
.
18
3
2
.
k 2; x
k
6
42
7

3 cos 5x 2 sin 3x cos 2x sin x 0 .
/S: x
k ;x k .
18
3
6
2
(1 sin x cos 2x ) sin x
4 1 cos x
1 tan x
2
7
/S: x k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
HT 25. (H 2010B) Gii phng trnh: (sin 2x cos 2x ) cos x 2 cos 2x sin x 0 .
/S: x
k .
4
2
HT 26. (H 2010D) Gii phng trnh: sin 2x cos 2x 3 sin x cos x 1 0 .
5
/S: x k 2; x
k 2 .
I B
6
6
1 sin 2x c os2x
2
2 sin x sin 2x
1 cot x
k ; x k 2 (k )
2
4
HT 28. (H 2011B) Gii phng trnh: sin 2x cos x sin x cos x c os2x s inx cos x
2
/S: x k 2; x k
(k )
2
3
3
sin 2x 2 cos x s inx 1

0 /S: x k 2 (k )
3
t anx 3
2
HT 30. (H 2012A+A1) 3 sin 2x cos 2x 2 cos x 1 /s: x k ; x k 2; x
k 2
2
3
2
2
HT 31. (H 2012B) 2(cos x 3 sin x ) cos x cos x 3 sin x 1 /s: x
k 2; x k
3
3
/S x
HT 32. (H 2012D) sin 3x cos 3x sin x cos x 2 cos 2x

k
7
/s: x
;x
k 2; x k 2
4
2
12
12
HT 33. (H 2013A+A1) 1 tan x 2 2 sin x /s: x k ; x k 2 (k )
4
4
3
HT 34. (H 2013B) sin 5x 2 cos2 x 1 /s: x
2
k
;x k
(k )
6
3
14
7
HT 35. (H 2013D) sin 3x cos 2x sin x 0
7
/s: x k ; x k 2; x
k 2 (k )
4
2
6
6
Page 14
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
TUYN TP THI D B CC NM
x
(H 2002Adb2) Gii phng trnh: tan x cos x cos2 x sin x 1 tan x . tan .
2
/S: x k 2 .
HT 1.
HT 2.
(H 2002Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: tan4 x 1
/S: x
HT 3.
cos4 x
2
5
2
k
;x
k
.
18
3
18
3
(H 2002Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:
/S: x
2 sin2 2x sin 3x
sin 4 x cos4 x
1
1
cot 2x
.
5 sin 2x
2
8 sin 2x
k .
6
(H 2003Adb1) Gii phng trnh: cos 2x cos x 2 tan2 x 1 2 .
/S: x (2k 1), x k 2

3
HT 5. (H 2003Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 3 tan x tan x 2 sin x 6 cos x 0 .
HT 4.
/S: x
k
3
(H 2003Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 3 cos 4x 8 cos6 x 2 cos2 x 3 0 .
/S x k , x k
4
2
2 3 cos x 2 sin2 x
2 4
HT 7. (H 2003Bdb2) Gii phng trnh:
1.
2 cos x 1
I B
/S: x (2k 1)
3
HT 6.
HT 8.
(H 2003Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
/S: x
HT 9.
cos2 x cos x 1
2(1 sin x ) .
sin x cos x
k , x k 2
2
(H 2003Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: cot x tan x
2 cos 4x
.
sin 2x
/S x
HT 10. (H 2004Adb1) Gii phng trnh: 4 sin3 x cos3 x cos x 3 sin x .

/S: x
k .
3
k ; x k
4
3
1
1
k
HT 11. (H 2004Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 cos x
.
/S: x
4 sin x
cos x
4
2
HT 12. (H 2004Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 4x . sin 7x cos 3x . cos 6x .
k
/S: x k ; x
2
20 10
HT 13. (H 2004Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 sin x . cos 2x sin 2x . cos x sin 4x . cos x .
k
/S: x
;x k
3
4
HT 14. (H 2004Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin x sin 2x 3(cos x cos 2x ) .

/S: x
2 k 2
; x k 2
9
3
HT 15. (H2005Adb1)Tm x (0; ) ca pt: 4 sin2

/S: x
x
3
3 cos 2x 1 2 cos2 x .
2
4
5
17
5
;x
;x
.
18
18
6
Page 15
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2 2 cos3 x 3 cos x sin x 0 .
HT 16. (H 2005Adb2) Gii phng trnh:

/S: PT c nghim: x
k hoc x k .
2
4
HT 17. (H 2005Bdb1) Gii phng trnh : sin x . cos 2x cos2 x tan2 x 1 2 sin 3 x 0 .
5
/S: x k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
cos 2x 1
HT 18. (H 2005Bdb2) Gii phng trnh : tan x 3 tan2 x
2
cos2 x
/S: x
k .
4
3
sin x
tan x
2 .
2
1 cos x
HT 19. (H 2005Ddb1) Gii phng trnh:
5
k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
HT 20. (H 2005Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2x cos 2x 3 sin x cos x 2 0 .
/S: x k 2; x
k 2; x k 2; x k 2 .
6
6
2
/S: x

/S: x
cos 3x . cos3 x sin 3x . sin3 x
23 2
.
8
k .
16
2
HT 22. (H 2006Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 sin 2x 4 sin x 1 0 .
/S: x k ; x
7
k 2 .
6
/S x k .
6
2
/S: x
I B
2 sin2 x 1 tan2 2x 3 2 cos2 x 1 0 .

cos 2x (1 2 cos x )(sin x cos x ) 0 .
k ; x k 2; x k 2 .
4
2
HT 25. (H 2006Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: cos3 x sin3 x 2 sin2 x 1 .
/S: x k ; x k 2; x k 2 .
4
2
2
/S x k 2; x
k 2 .
2
3
4 sin3 x 4 sin2 x 3 sin 2x 6 cos x 0 .
HT 27. (H 2007Adb1) Gii phng trnh: sin 2x sin x

/S: x
1
1
2 cot 2x .
2 sin x sin 2x
k .
4
2
HT 28. (H 2007Adb2) Gii phng trnh: 2 cos2 x 2 3 sin x cos x 1 3(sin x 3 cos x ) .
/S: x
2
k .
3
5x
x
3x
HT 29. (H 2007Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin cos 2 cos
4
2
2 4
k
; x k 2; x k 2 .
3
3
2
sin 2x cos 2x
tan x cot x .
cos x
sin x
/S: x
/S: x
k 2 .
3
Page 16
GV.Lu Huy Thng
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HT 31. (H 2007Ddb1) Gii phng trnh: 2 2 sin x cos x 1

12
k hay x k .
4
3
HT 32. (H 2007Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: (1 tan x )(1 sin 2x ) 1 tan x .
/S: x
/S: x
k ; x k .
4
HT 33. (H 2008Adb1) Tm x (0; ) ca phng trnh: 4 sin2

/S: x
5
17
5
; x
; x
.
18
18
6

/S: x
x
3
3 cos 2x 1 2 cos2 x .
2
4
2 2 cos3 x 3 cos x sin x 0 .
k hoc x k .
2
4
HT 35. (H 2008Bdb1) Gii phng trnh: sin x cos 2x cos2 x tan2 x 1 2 sin 3 x 0 .
5
/S: x k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
cos 2x 1
HT 36. (H 2008Bdb2) Gii phng trnh: tan x 3 tan2 x
.
2
cos2 x
/S: x
k .
4
sin x
tan x
2.
2
1 cos x
5
I B
k 2; x
k 2 .
6
6
HT 38. (H 2008Ddb2) Gii phng trnh: sin 2x cos 2x 3 sin x cos x 2 0
/S: x k 2; x
k 2; x k 2; x k 2 .
6
6
2
/S: x
Page 17
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH
H PHNG TRNH
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH

BI 1: I CNG V PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH
I. KIN THC CN NH
1. PHNG TRNH DNG: ax + b = 0
ax + b = 0
(1)
H s
Kt lun
a0
(1) c nghim duy nht

b0
(1) v nghim
b=0
(1) nghim ng vi mi x
a=0
Ch : Khi a 0 th (1) c gi l phng trnh bc nht mt n.

2. BT PHNG TRNH DNG ax + b < 0
Bin lun
iu kin
Kt qu tp nghim
S = ; +
a
x ; +
a
S = ;
a>0
a<0
a=0
Du nh thc bc nht
f(x) = ax + b (a 0)
b0
b<0
x ;
a.f(x) < 0
a.f(x) > 0
S=
S=R
3. PHNG TRNH BC HAI: ax 2 + bx + c = 0

1. Cch gii
(1)
Kt lun
>0
(1) c 2 nghim phn bit
=0
(1) c nghim kp
<0
(1) v nghim
Ch : Nu a + b + c = 0 th (1) c hai nghim l x = 1 v x =
c
.
a
c
Nu a b + c = 0 th (1) c hai nghim l x = 1 v x = .
a
b
Nu b chn th ta c th dng cng thc thu gn vi b = .
2
2. nh l Viet
Hai s x1, x 2 l cc nghim ca phng trnh bc hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 khi v ch khi chng tho mn cc h thc
B HC V B - CHUYN CN S N BN
Page 1
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
b
c
v P = x 1x 2 = .
a
a
4. BT PHNG TRNH BC HAI
Xt du tam thc bc hai
S = x1 + x 2 =
f(x) = ax + bx + c (a 0)
<0
a.f(x) > 0, x R
b
=0

a.f(x) > 0, x R \
2a
Gii bt phng trnh bc hai
>0
Da vo nh l du tam thc bc hai gii
a.f(x) > 0, x (; x1) (x2;

+)
a.f(x) < 0, x (x1; x2)
II. CC DNG TON

1. Dng ton 1: Gii v bin lun phng trnh v bt phng trnh
HT1.
Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau theo tham s m:
1) (m 2 + 2)x 2m = x 3
2) m(x m ) = x + m 2
3) m(x m + 3) = m(x 2) + 6
4) m 2 (x 1) + m = x (3m 2)
5) (m 2 m )x = 2x + m 2 1
6) (m + 1)2 x = (2m + 5)x + 2 + m
HT2.
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

(2x 5)(x + 2)
1)
>0
4x + 3
4)
3x 4
>1
x 2
2)
x 3 x +5
>
x +1 x 2
3)
x 3 1 2x
<
x +5
x 3
5)
2x 5
1
2x
6)
2
5
x 1 2x 1
HT3. Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh sau:

1) m(x m ) x 1
2) mx + 6 > 2x + 3m
4) mx + 1 > m 2 + x
3) (m + 1)x + m < 3m + 4
5)
m(x 2) x m x + 1
+
>
6
3
2
6) 3 mx < 2(x m ) (m + 1)2
HT4.
Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh sau:

2x + m 1
mx m + 1
1)
2)
>0
<0
x +1
x 1
HT5.
3)
x 1(x m + 2) > 0
Gii v bin lun cc phng trnh sau:
1) x 2 + 5x + 3m 1 = 0
2) 2x 2 + 12x 15m = 0
3) x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0
4) (m + 1)x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0
5) (m 1)x 2 + (2 m )x 1 = 0
6) mx 2 2(m + 3)x + m + 1 = 0
HT6.
Gii v bin lun cc bt phng trnh sau:
1) x 2 mx + m + 3 > 0
HT7.
2) (1 + m )x 2 2mx + 2m 0
3) mx 2 2x + 4 > 0
Trong cc phng trnh sau, tm gi tr ca tham s phng trnh:

i) C nghim duy nht
ii) V nghim
iii) Nghim ng vi mi x R.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2) (m 2 + 2m 3)x = m 1
1) (m 2)x = n 1
3) (mx + 2)(x + 1) = (mx + m 2 )x

4) (m 2 m )x = 2x + m 2 1
HT8. Tm m cc bt phng trnh sau v nghim:
a) m 2x + 4m 3 < x + m 2
b) m 2x + 1 m + (3m 2)x
c) mx m 2 > mx 4
d) 3 mx < 2(x m ) (m + 1)2
2. Dng ton 2: Du ca nghim s phng trnh bc hai ax 2 + bx + c = 0 (a 0) (1)
0
(1) c hai nghim cng du
P > 0
0
0
(1) c hai nghim dng P > 0

(1) c hai nghim m P > 0
S > 0
S < 0
Ch : Trong cc trng hp trn nu yu cu hai nghim phn bit th > 0.
(1) c hai nghim tri du P < 0
Bi tp
HT9. Xc nh m phng trnh:
i) c hai nghim tri du
ii) c hai nghim m phn bit
iii) c hai nghim dng phn bit

1) x 2 + 5x + 3m 1 = 0
2) 2x 2 + 12x 15m = 0
3) x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0
4) (m + 1)x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0
5) (m 1)x 2 + (2 m )x 1 = 0
6) mx 2 2(m + 3)x + m + 1 = 0
7) x 2 4x + m + 1 = 0
8) (m + 1)x 2 + 2(m + 4)x + m + 1 = 0
3. Dng ton 3: p dng nh l Viet

a. Biu thc i xng ca cc nghim s
b
c
Ta s dng cng thc S = x1 + x 2 = ; P = x 1x 2 = biu din cc biu thc i xng ca cc nghim x1, x2
a
a
theo S v P.
V d:
x12 + x 22 = (x1 + x 2 )2 2x1x 2 = S 2 2P
x 13 + x 23 = (x1 + x 2 ) (x1 + x 2 )2 3x1x 2 = S (S 2 3P )

b. H thc ca cc nghim c lp i vi tham s
tm h thc ca cc nghim c lp i vi tham s ta tm:
b
c
S = x1 + x 2 = ;
P = x 1x 2 =
a
a
(S, P c cha tham s m).
Kh tham s m gia S v P ta tm c h thc gia x1 v x2.
c. Lp phng trnh bc hai
Nu phng trnh bc hai c cc nghim u v v th phng trnh bc hai c dng:
x 2 Sx + P = 0 ,
trong S = u + v, P = uv.
Bi tp
HT10. Gi x1, x 2 l cc nghim ca phng trnh. Khng gii phng trnh, hy tnh:
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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A = x12 + x 22 ; B = x13 + x 23 ; C = x14 + x 24 ; D = x1 x 2 ; E = (2x1 + x 2 )(2x 2 + x1 )

1) x 2 x 5 = 0
2) 2x 2 3x 7 = 0
3) 3x 2 + 10x + 3 = 0
4) x 2 2x 15 = 0
5) 2x 2 5x + 2 = 0
6)
3x 2 + 5x 2 = 0
HT11. Cho phng trnh: (m + 1)x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 = 0 (*). Xc nh m :

1) (*) c hai nghim phn bit.
2) (*) c mt nghim bng 2. Tnh nghim kia.
3) Tng bnh phng cc nghim bng 2.
HT12. Cho phng trnh: x 2 2(2m + 1)x + 3 + 4m = 0 (*).
1) Tm m (*) c hai nghim x1, x2.
2) Tm h thc gia x1, x2 c lp i vi m.
3) Tnh theo m, biu thc A = x13 + x 23 .
4) Tm m (*) c mt nghim gp 3 ln nghim kia.
5) Lp phng trnh bc hai c cc nghim l x12 , x 22 .
HT13. Cho phng trnh: x 2 2(m 1)x + m 2 3m = 0 (*).
1) Tm m (*) c nghim x = 0. Tnh nghim cn li.
2) Khi (*) c hai nghim x1, x2 . Tm h thc gia x1, x2 c lp i vi m.
3) Tm m (*) c hai nghim x1, x2 tho: x12 + x 22 = 8 .
HD: a) m = 3; m = 4 b) (x1 + x 2 )2 2(x1 + x 2 ) 4x1x 2 8 = 0
c) m = 1; m = 2.
HT14. Cho phng trnh: x 2 (m 2 3m )x + m 3 = 0 .

a) Tm m phng trnh c mt nghim bng bnh phng nghim kia.
b) Tm m phng trnh c mt nghim bng 1. Tnh nghim cn li.
HD: a) m = 0; m = 1 b) x 2 = 1; x 2 = 5 2 7; x 2 = 5 2 7 .
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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BI 2: PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH CHA DU GI TR TUYT I

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha v tnh cht
A
khi A 0
A =
khi A < 0
A
A.B = A . B
A 0, A
A = A2
A + B = A + B A.B 0
A B = A + B A.B 0
A + B = A B A.B 0
A B = A B A.B 0
A < B
A > B
.
A > B
Vi B > 0 ta c:
A < B B < A < B ;
2. Cch gii
gii phng trnh v bt phng trnh cha n trong du GTT ta tm cch kh du GTT, bng cch:
Dng nh ngha hoc tnh cht ca GTT.
Bnh phng hai v.
t n ph.
a) Phng trnh:
f (x ) 0
C 2 g(x ) 0
C 1
f
(
x
)
=
g
(
x
)
f (x ) = g(x )
Dng 1: f (x ) = g(x )
f (x ) < 0
f (x ) = g(x )
f (x ) = g(x )
C2
C1
f (x ) = g (x )
2
2
Dng 2: f (x ) = g (x ) f (x ) = g(x )
f (x ) = g(x )
Dng 3: a f (x ) + b g(x ) = h(x )
i vi phng trnh c dng ny ta thng dng phng php khong gii.

b) Bt phng trnh
g(x ) > 0
Dng1:
f (x ) < g (x )
g(x ) < f (x ) < g(x )
g( x) < 0
f ( x) co ngha
f ( x) > g( x) g( x) 0
Dng 2:
f ( x) < g( x)
f ( x) > g( x)
Ch : A = A A 0 ;
A = A A 0
Vi B > 0 ta c:
A < B B < A < B ;
A < B
A > B
.
A > B
A + B = A + B AB 0 ; A B = A + B AB 0
Bi tp
HT15. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 2x 1
1) 2x 1 = x + 3
2)
3) x 2 3 x + 2 = 0
4) 4x 17 = x 2 4x 5
5) x 2 4x 5 = 4x 17
6) x 1 x + 2x + 3 = 2x + 4
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7) 2 x + 1 x 2 2x 8 = x 2 x 5
1) 4x + 7 = 4x + 7
8) x 1 + x + 2 + x 3 = 14
2) 2x 3 = 3 2x
4) x 2 2x 3 = x 2 + 2x + 3
3) x 1 + 2x + 1 = 3x
5) 2x 5 + 2x 2 7x + 5 = 0
6) x + 3 + 7 x = 10

2) x 4 + 4x 2 + 2 x 2 2x = 4x 3 + 3
1) x 2 2x + x 1 1 = 0
HT18. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau
1) x 2 2x 1 < x + 1
2) 2x 2 + x 3 2x + 1
3) x 2 5x + 4 x 2 + 6x + 5
4) x 2 + x 1 < 2x 2 + x 2
BI 3: PHNG TRNH V BT PHNG TRNH CHA DU CN THC

Cch gii: gii phng trnh cha n di du cn ta tm cch kh du cn, bng cch:
Nng lu tha hai v.
t n ph.
Ch : Khi thc hin cc php bin i cn ch iu kin cc cn c xc nh.
I. Bin i tng ng
a. Phng trnh:
2
f (x ) = g (x )
Dng 1: f (x ) = g (x )
g(x ) 0
f (x ) = g(x )
Dng 2: f (x ) = g(x )
f (x ) 0 (hay g(x ) 0)
Dng 3:
f (x ) = 3 g(x ) f (x ) = g (x )
Dng 4:
f (x ) = g(x ) f (x ) = (g(x ))
b. Bt phng trnh
f (x ) 0
Dng 1: f (x ) < g (x ) g (x ) > 0
f (x ) < g(x ) 2
g(x ) < 0
f (x ) 0
Dng 2: f (x ) > g(x )

g(x ) 0
f (x ) > g(x )
Bi tp
1)
2x 3 = x 3
2)
5x + 10 = 8 x
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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3) x 2x 5 = 4
4)
x 2 + x 12 = 8 x
5)
x 2 + 2x + 4 = 2 x
6) 3x 2 9x + 1 = x 2
8)
3x 2 9x + 1 = x 2
8) (x 3) x 2 + 4 = x 2 9
HT20. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:

1)
x 2 + x 12 < 8 x
2)
x 2 x 12 < 7 x
3)
x 2 4x + 21 < x + 3
4)
x 2 3x 10 > x 2
5)
3x 2 + 13x + 4 x 2
6)
2x + 6x 2 + 1 > x + 1
7)
x + 3 7 x > 2x 8
8)
2 x > 7 x 3 2x 9)
2x + 3 + x + 2 1
HT21. Gii cc phng trnh:

1)
2)
3 +x 2x = 1
3) x 2 + x + 1 = 1
4)
x + 9 = 5 2x + 4
5) 3 + x + 6 x = 3
6)
3x + 4 2x + 1 = x + 3
x2 + 9 x2 7 = 2
2)
3x 2 + 5x + 8 3x 2 + 5x + 1 = 1
4)
x 2 + x 5 + x 2 + 8x 4 = 5
3x + 2 + x + 1 = 3

1)
3)
1+ x + 1 x = 2
6) 3 9 x + 1 + 3 7 + x + 1 = 4
5) 3 5x + 7 3 5x 13 = 1
1)
x 2 4x
2
3x
3) (x + 3) x 2 4 x 2 9
2)
2x 2 15x + 17
0
x +3
4)
x 2 + x + 6
x 2 + x + 6
2x + 5
x +4

3
1) x + 2 x 2 + 8
2)
2x 2 + 1 3x 2 1
3) 3 x + 1 > x 3

1)
x + 1 + x + 10 = x + 2 + x + 5
2) 3 x + 1 + 3 x + 2 + 3 x + 3 = 0
3)
x + 3 + 3x + 1 = 2 x + 2x + 2
4)
5)
x 2 + 2x + 2x 1 = 3x 2 + 4x + 1
6) 1 x = 6 x 5 2x
7) 3 12 x + 3 14 + x = 2
x3 + 1
+ x + 1 = x2 x + 1 + x + 3
x +3
8) 3 x 1 + 3 x 2 = 3 2x 1
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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II. t n ph
t = f (x ), t 0
Dng 1: af (x ) + b f (x ) + c = 0
at 2 + bt + c = 0
Dng 2: f (x ) + g (x ) = h(x )
Dng 3: f (x ) g (x ) + f (x ).g (x ) = h(x ) v f (x ) g (x ) = k (k = const ) t t =
f (x ) g(x ), .

1) x 2 6x + 9 = 4 x 2 6x + 6
2)
(x 3)(8 x ) + 26 = x 2 + 11x
3) (x + 4)(x + 1) 3 x 2 + 5x + 2 = 6
4) (x + 5)(2 x ) = 3 x 2 + 3x
5) x 2 + x 2 + 11 = 31
6) x 2 2x + 8 4 (4 x )(x + 2) = 0

1)
x + 3 + 6 x = 3 + (x + 3)(6 x )
2)
2x + 3 + x + 1 = 3x + 2 (2x + 3)(x + 1) 16
3)
x 1 + 3 x (x 1)(3 x ) = 1
4)
7 x + 2 + x (7 x )(2 + x ) = 3
5)
x + 1 + 4 x + (x + 1)(4 x ) = 5
6)
3x 2 + x 1 = 4x 9 + 2 3x 2 5x + 2
7) 1 +
8)
2
x x2 = x + 1 x
3
x + 9 x = x 2 + 9x + 9

1)
(x 3)(8 x ) + 26 > x 2 + 11x
3) (x + 1)(x + 4) < 5 x 2 + 5x + 28
2) (x + 5)(x 2) + 3 x (x + 3) > 0
4)
3x 2 + 5x + 7 3x 2 + 5x + 2 1

1)
2x 4 + 2 2x 5 + 2x + 4 + 6 2x 5 = 14
2)
x + 5 4 x +1 + x + 2 2 x +1 = 1
3)
2x 2 2x 1 2 2x + 3 4 2x 1 + 3 2x + 8 6 2x 1 = 4
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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Dng 4: t n ph khng hon ton: L phng php s dng 1 n ph chuyn phng trnh ban u v 1 phng
trnh vi 1 n ph nhng cc h s vn cha n x ban u.
Bi tp:
1) x 2 1 = 2x x 2 2x
2) (4x 1) x 3 + 1 = 2x 3 + 2x + 1
3) x 2 1 = 2x x 2 + 2x
4) x 2 + 4x = (x + 2) x 2 2x + 4
Dng 7: t n ph chuyn phng trnh v h i xng:

+ ax + b = c(dx + e )2 + x + y vi d = ac + , e = bc +
t: dy + e = ax + b
+ 3 ax + b = c(dx + e)3 + x + vi d = ac + , e = bc +
t: dy + e = 3 ax + b
Bi tp
1)
3x + 1 = 4x 2 + 13x 5
2) x 3 + 2 = 3 3 3x 2
3)
x + 1 = x 2 + 4x + 5
4)
4x + 9
= 7x 2 + 7x , x > 0
28
3
3
6) x 35 x 3 x + 35 x 3 = 30
5) x 3 + 1 = 23 2x 1
III. Phng php trc cn thc
Bi tp
1) x 2 + 3x + 1 = (x + 3) x 2 + 1
3)
3 2
x 1 + x = x3 2
5) 2 (2 x )(5 x ) = x + (2 x )(10 x )
7)
3 2
9)
11)
2)
x 2 + 12 + 5 = 3x + x 2 + 5
4)
2x 2 + x + 9 + 2x 2 x + 1 = x + 4
6)
4 3 10 3x = x 2
3 2
x + 4 = x 1 + 2x 3
8)
2x 2 + 16x + 18 + x 2 1 = 2x + 4
10)
x 1 + 3x 3 2 = 3x 2
x 2 + 15 = 3x 2 + x 2 + 8
3x 2 5x + 1 x 2 2 = 3(x 2 x 1) x 2 3x + 4
IV. Phng php xt hm s

1)
4x 1 + 4x 2 1 = 1
2)
x 1 = x 3 4x + 5
3)
x 1 + x 2 = 3
4)
2x 1 + x 2 + 3 = 4 x
V. Phng php nh gi
1)
x 2 2x + 5 + x 1 = 2
3)
2 x2 + 2
2) 2 7x 3 11x 2 + 25x 12 = x 2 + 6x 1
1
= 4 x
x
x2
1
4)
x 2 x 1 + x + 3 4 x 1 = 1
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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VI. Cc bi ton lin quan n tham s

HT1.
Cho phng trnh
x +4 x 4 +x + x 4 = m .
a. Gii phng trnh vi m = 6.

b. Tm m phng trnh c nghim. /s: x = 4; m 6
HT2.
Tm tham s phng trnh 3x 2 + 2x + 3 = m(x + 1) x 2 + 1 c nghim thc. /s: m < 3 m 2 2
HT3.
Cho phng trnh
x + 1 + 3 x (x + 1)(3 x ) = m .
a. Gii phng trnh khi m = 2 .

b. Tm m phng trnh c nghim. /s: x = 1; x = 3.2 2 2 m 2
HT4.
Tm tham s thc m bt phng trnh
x 2 4x + 5 x 2 4x + m c nghim thc trong on 2; 3 .
/s: m 1
HT5.
Tm m phng trnh
x 3 2 x 4 + x 6 x 4 + 5 = m c ng hai nghim thc phn bit.
/s:
HT6.
Tm m phng trnh m x 2 2x + 2 = x + 2 c hai nghim phn bit. /s: m (1; 10)
HT7.
Tm m phng trnh m 1 + x 2 1 x 2 + 2 = 1 x 4 + 1 + x 2 1 x 2 c nghim thc. /s:
3 2 4
m 2 5;
HT8.
Cho phng trnh (x 3)(x + 1) + 4(x 3)
x +1
= m Vi gi tr no ca m th phng trnh c nghim.
x 3
/s: m 4
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N TP
I. BIN I TNG NG
7 29
5 13
,x =
2
2
1.
x 2 1 = x 3 5x 2 2x + 4
/s: x = 1, x =
2.
x 3 3x + 1 = 2x + 1
/s: x = 2, x = 5
3.
x2 1 + x = 1
/s: x = 0, x = 1
4.
x + 1 + x 1 = 1 + 1 x2
/s: x = 0, x = 2
5.
3 2x x = 5 2 + 3x + x 2
HT2.
/s: x =
23
3
,x =
9
23
Gii cc phng trnh sau:

14
5
1.
x 2 + 4x 3 = 2x 5
/s: x =
2.
7 x 2 + x x + 5 = 3 2x x 2
/s: x = 1
3.
3x + x 3 x + 1 = 2
4.
x 3 2x + 5 = 2x 1
/s: x = 2 x = 1 + 3
5.
x 3 + x 2 + 6x + 28 = x + 5
/s: x = 1 x =
6.
x 4 4x 3 + 14x 11 = 1 x
/s: x = 2 x = 1
7.
x 4 + 5x 3 + 12x 2 + 17x + 7 = 6(x + 1)
/s: x = 3 2
8.
3x 2 x + 7 = 1
/s: x = 9
9.
3x + 1 + x + 1 = 8
/s: x = 8
10.
x +8 x = x +3
/s: x = 1
11.
5x + 1 + 2x + 3 = 14x + 7
1
/s: x = ; x = 3
9
12.
x (x 1) + x (x + 2) = 2 x 2
/s: x = 0 x =
13.
x + 14x 49 + x 14x 49 = 14
/s: x =
14.
3x + 8 3x + 5 = 5x 4 5x 7
/s: x = 6
15.
x + 3 + 3x + 1 = 2 x + 2x + 2
/s: x = 1
16.
10x + 1 + 3x 5 = 9x + 4 + 2x 2
/s: x = 3
17.
x2 + 2 + x2 + 7 = x2 + x + 3 + x2 + x + 8
/s: x = 1
18.
5
5
x2 + 1 x2 +
x2 1 x2 = x + 1
4
4
/s: x =
19.
2x 2 2x 1 2 2x + 3 4 2x 1 + 3 2x + 8 6 2x 1 = 4
/s: x = 1; x =
20.
x3 + 1
+ x + 1 = x2 x + 1 + x + 3
x +3
/s: x = 1 3
/s: x = 1
1 13
2
9
8
7
x = 7
2
3
5
5
2
Page 11
GV.Lu Huy Thng

21.
0968.393.899
1
1
=
x
x
x
/s: x = 1
22. 3 2x + 1 + 3 2x + 2 + 3 2x + 3 = 0
23.
/s: x = 1
3x 1 + 3 2x 1 = 3 5x + 1
/s: x =
24. 3 x + 1 + 3 x + 2 + 3 x + 3 = 0
HT3.
/s: x = 2
Gii cc phng trnh sau (nhm nhn t chung)

1.
(x + 3) 10 x 2 = x 2 x 12
2.
3.
x + 2 7 x = 2 x 1 + x 2 + 8x 7 + 1
/s: x = 3
x + 1 + 3 x + 2 = 1 + x 2 + 3x + 2
/s: x = 0; x = 1
4.
x 2 + 10x + 21 = 3 x + 3 + 2 x + 7 6
5.
x 2 + 3x + 2 x + 2 = 2x + x +
/s: x = 5; x = 4
/s: x = 1; x = 2
6
+5
x
/s: x = 1; x = 2
6.
x 2 x 1 (x 1) x + x 2 x = 0
/s: x = 2
7.
2x 2 6x + 10 5(x 2) x + 1 = 0
/s: x = 3; x = 8
8.
x + 3 + 2x x + 1 = 2x + x 2 + 4x + 3
/s: x = 0; x = 1
9.
x + 1 + 2(x + 1) = x 1 + 1 x + 3 1 x 2
/s: x = 0
10.
3 2
x + 3x + 2(3 x + 1 3 x + 2) = 1
/s: x =
3
2
Gii cc phng trnh sau: A2 + B 2 = 0
HT4.
HT5.
19
30
1.
4 x + 1 = x 2 5x + 14
/s: x = 3
2.
x 2 x + 6 = 4 1 3x
/s: x = 1
3.
x 4 2x 2 x 2 2x + 16 + 2x 2 6x + 20 = 0
/s: x = 2
4.
x + 4 x + 3 + 2 3 2x = 11
/s: x = 1
5.
13 x 1 + 9 x + 1 = 16x
/s: x =
6.
2 x + 1 + 6 9 x 2 + 6 (x + 1)(9 x 2 ) x 3 2x 2 + 10x + 38 = 0
/s: x = 0
7.
x 2 2(x + 1) 3x + 1 = 2 2x 2 + 5x + 2 8x 5
/s: x = 1
8.
4x 2 + 12 + x 1 = 4 x 5x 1 + 9 5x
5
4
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (nhn lin hp)

1
2
1.
x + 1 + 1 = 4x 2 + 3x
/s: x =
2.
2x 3 x = 2x 6
/s: x = 3
3.
x 2 + 4 x = 2x 5x 1
/s: x = 3
4.
10x + 1 + 3x 5 = 9x + 4 + 2x 2
/s: x = 3
5.
)(
6.
3(2 + x 2) = 2x + x + 6
1+x +1
1 + x + 2x 5 = x
/s: x = 2
/s: x = 3; x =
11 3 5
2
Page 12
GV.Lu Huy Thng

7.
8.
9.
0968.393.899
/s: x = 6
4x + 1 3x 2 = x + 3
3x 2 5x + 1 x 2 2 = 3(x 2 x 1) x 2 3x + 4
/s: x = 2
(x + 1) x 2 2x + 3 = x 2 + 1
/s: x = 1 2
10. (3x + 1) x 2 + 3 = 3x 2 + 2x + 3
/s: x = 1
11. (x + 3) 2x 2 + 1 = x 2 + x + 3
/s: x = 0; x = 5 + 13
12.
4
1
5
+ x = x + 2x
x
x
x
13.
x + 3 x = x2 x 2
/s: x = 2
/s: x =
14. 3 x + 24 + 12 x = 6
3 5
2
/s: x = 24; x = 88
15. 2x 2 11x + 21 = 3 3 4x 4
/s: x = 3
) (
1.
3x + 5 < x 2 + 7x
/s: x ; 5 2 5 5; 5 + 2 5 (1; +)
2.
x 2 + 8x 1 < 2x + 6
/s: x (5 + 2 5;1)
3.
2x 2 3x 10 8 x
4.
2x 1
2
<
x 3x 4
5.
6.
HT7.
1 + 37
1 37
/s: x ;
1 2;1 + 2
; +

2
2
7 + 57
/s: x (; 3) (1; 4)
; +
1
2
2x + 1
x +5
x 1
3
x + 3 1
/s: x ; 1 7 3 + 15;1 (1; 1 + 7)

/s: x [ 5; 4) 2;2 3
x +2
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
3 3
/s: x ; 2; +)
2 4
1.
2x + 3 4x 2 3x 3
2.
x 2 x 12 < x
3.
x 2 + 4x 3 > 2x 5
4.
5x 2 2x 2 4 x
/s: x (; 3) ; +
2
5.
x + 9 + 2x + 4 > 5
/s: x (0; +)
6.
x + 2 3 x < 5 2x
/s: x [ 2;2)
7.
7x + 1 3x 8 2x + 7
8.
5x + 1 4x 1 3 x
/s: x 9; +)
1
/s: x ; +
4
9.
1
5x + 1 4 x x + 6 x ; 3
5
/s: x 4; +)
14
/s: 1;
5
/s:
1
x 1
x 2
2
3 x ; 0
12
x
x
Page 13
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
x 2 + x + 6
x 2 + x + 6
2x + 5
x +4
2x + 4
10x 3x 2 3 0
11. x
2x 5
/s: x 2; 1 x = 3
10.
1 5
/s: x = 3 x ;
3 2
12.
51 2x x 2
<1
1x
/s: x 1 52; 5 1; 1 + 52
13.
3x 2 + x + 4
<2
x
9 4
/s: x [1; 0) ;
7 3
14.
2x 2 + 3x 5
15.
>
) (
5 3
/s: x ; 1; (2; +)
2 2
1
2x 1
3 2 x 2 + 3x + 2
1 2 x2 x + 1
13 1
/s: x
; +
6
>1
16.
x 2 + 3x + 2 + x 2 + 6x + 5 2x 2 + 9x + 7
/s: x = 1; x = 5
17.
x 2 4x + 3 2x 2 3x + 1 x 1
1
/s: x ; x = 1
18.
x 2 3x + 2 + x 2 4x + 3 2 x 2 5x + 4
/s: x 4; +) x = 1
HT8.
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (nhn lin hp)

2x 2
1.
(3
(1 +
1+x
/s: x 1; 8)
> x 4
6x 2
3.
9 7
/s: x ; \ {0}
2 2
< x + 21
9 + 2x
x2
2.
x2
(x + 1
x +1
<
x 2 + 3x + 18
4(x + 1)2 < (2x + 10) 1 3 + 2x
6.
x + 3 x 1 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 4
3
/s: x ; 3 \ {1}
2
/s: x 2
x 2 3x + 2 + x 2 4x + 3 2 x 2 5x + 4
/s: x 4 x = 1
/s: x (0; 4
+ 2x + 1 2x + 17
x
9.
2x 3 + 3x 2 + 6x + 16 4 x > 2 3
10. 9(x 2 + 1) (3x + 7) 1 3x + 4
11. 2 1
2
8
+ 2x x
x
x
/s: x (1; 3) \ {0}
(x + 1)2
5.
8.
/s: x 10 + 4 5; +
> 2x + x 1 + 1
2x + 1 + 1
4.
7.
/s: x (1; 4
/s: x ; 1
3
/s: x 2; 0) 1 + 5
}
Page 14
GV.Lu Huy Thng

12.
0968.393.899
12x 8
2x + 4 2 2 x >
9x 2 + 16
13. 2
x2 + x + 1
2
+ x2 4
x +4
x2 + 1
14. (x 1) x 2 2x + 5 4x x 2 + 1 2(x + 1)
15.
3 2 x 2 + 3x + 2
x (x + 1 x 2 )
x x + 1 x2 x3
17.
HT9.
/s: x 3; 3
/s: x (; 1
13 1
; +
/s: x (; 2
>1
1 2 x2 x + 1
16.
2 4 2
/s: x 2;
;2
3 3
5 1
2
/s: x =
2x 2 + 11x + 15 + x 2 + 2x 3 x + 6
7 3
/s: ; ; +
2 2
Gii cc phng trnh sau (t n ph khng hon ton):

1.
(x + 1) x 2 2x + 3 = x 2 + 1
/s: x = 1 2
2.
x 2 + (3 x 2 + 2)x = 1 + 2 x 2 + 2
/s: x = 14
3
(3x + 1) 2x 2 1 = 5x 2 + x 3
2
3 2x 2 + 1 1 = x 1 + 3x + 8 2x 2 + 1
/s: x = 1; x = 5
5.
2 2x + 4 + 4 2 x = 9x 2 + 16
/s: x =
6.
4 x + 1 1 = 3x + 2 1 x + 1 x 2
3
/s: x = ; x = 0
5
7.
2 2 1 + x 2 1 x 2 1 x 4 = 3x 2 + 1
/s: x = 0
8.
x 2 + 2(x 1) x 2 + x + 1 x + 2 = 0
/s: x = 0; x = 1
9.
(x + 1) x 2 2x + 3 = x 2 + 1
/s: x = 1 2
3.
4.
10. 6x 2 10x + 5 (4x 1) 6x 2 6x + 5 = 0
/s: x = 0
4 2
3
59 3
10
/s: x =
HT10. Gii cc phng trnh sau (t 1 n ph):

1.
2x 2 + 4x + 1 = 1 x 2 2x
/s: x = 2; x = 0
2.
x + 2 + 5 x + (x + 2)(5 x ) = 4
/s: x =
3.
2x + 3 + x + 1 = 3x + 2 2x 2 + 5x + 3 16 /s: x = 3
4.
(x 2 + 1)2 = 5 x 2x 2 + 4
5.
x 2 + 2x x
6.
9
x
1
= 3x + 1
x
2x
1 = 0
2x + 9
33 5
2
/s: x = 2 x =
/s: x =
3 1
1 5
2
/s: x =
3 2
2
7.
2x 2 6x + 4 = 3 x 3 + 8
/s: x = 3 13
8.
2x 2 + 5x 1 = 7 x 3 1
/s: x = 4 6
Page 15
GV.Lu Huy Thng

9.
0968.393.899
x 2 4x 3 = x + 5
/s: x = 1 x =
10. 2x 2 6x 1 = 4x + 5
5 + 29
2
/s: x = 1 2 x = 2 + 3
HT11. Gii cc phng trnh sau (t 2 n ph hoc chuyn v h):

1.
5 x + 4 x 1 = 2
2.
x 3 + 1 = 23 2x 1
3.
3x 2 + 6x 3 =
4.
x 2 4x 3 = x + 5
/s: x = 1; x =
5.
2x 2 6x 1 = 4x + 5
/s: x = 1 2; x = 2 + 3
6.
4 3 (x + 2)2 7 3 (4 x )2 + 3 3 (2 x )2 = 0
7.
8.
(x + 3) x 2 8x + 48 = x 24
/s: x = 0; x = 5
/s: x = 1; x =
x +7
3
/s: x =
(2 x )2 + 3 (7 + x )2 3 (7 + x )(2 x ) = 2
1 5
2
5 + 73
7 69
;x =
6
6
5 + 29
2
/s: x = 6; x = 1
/s: x = 2 2 7; x = 5 31
1
1
+
=2
x
2
2x
HT12. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau (t n ph):
9.
/s: x = 1; x =
1 3
2
1.
(x + 1)(x + 4) < 5 x 2 + 5x + 28
/s: x (9; 4)
2.
x (x 4) x 2 + 4x + (x 2)2 < 2
/s: x 2 3;2 + 3
3.
7x + 7 + 7x 6 + 2 49x 2 + 7x 42 < 181 14x
6
/s: x ;6
7
4.
3 x + x + 2 + 3 3 x 2 + x + 6
/s: x 2; 1 2; 3
5.
x +4 + x 4
x + x 2 16 6
2
145
/s: x
; +
36
6.
3x 2 + 6x + 4 < 2 2x x 2
/s: x (2; 0)
/s: x (; 0) ; +
2
3x 1
x
+1
x
3x 1
7.
8.
(x + 1)(x 3) x 2 + 2x + 3 < 2 (x 1)2
9.
x+
x
x2 1
10.
1
1 x2
+1>
>
/s: x 1 3;1 + 3
35
12
5 5
/s: x 1; ; +
4 3
3x
1 2
;1
/s: x 1;
2 5
1 x2
HT13. Gii cc phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu ca hm s)
1.
6
8
+3
= 14
3x
2x
/s: x =
2.
3x + 1 + x + 7x + 2 = 4
/s: x = 1
3.
4x 3 + x (x + 1) 2x + 1 = 0 x =
1+ 5
4
/s: x =
3
2
1 + 21
4
Page 16
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
4.
x (4x 2 + 1) + (x 3) 5 2x = 0
5.
(2x + 3) 4x 2 + 12x + 11 + 3x (1 + 9x 2 + 2) + 5x + 3 = 0
6.
1 + 2x x 2 + 1 2x x 2 = 2(x 1)4 (2x 2 4x + 1)
/s: x =
3
5
/s: x = 0; x = 2
7.
x 3 + 1 = 23 2x 1
/s: x = 1; x =
1 5
2
8.
8x 3 36x 2 + 53x 25 = 3 3x 5
/s: x = 2; x =
5 3
4
9.
x 3 15x 2 + 78x 141 = 5 3 2x 9
/s: x = 4; x =
11 5
2
10. 2x 3 + x 2 3x + 1 = 2(3x 1) 3x 1
/s: x =
3 5
2
HT14. Gii bt phng trnh sau (s dng tnh n iu ca hm s)

1.
x +1 > 3 x +4
/s: x (0; +)
2.
5x 1 + x + 3 4
/s: x 1; +)
3.
2(x 2)
4.
(x + 2) x + 1 > 27x 3 27x 2 + 12x 2
5.
3 3 2x +
4x 4 + 2x + 2 3x 1
5
2x 1
2x 6
/s: x 3
7
/s: x 1;
3
/s: x 1;
2

Page 17
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
TUYN TP THI I HC CC NM
HT15. Gii bt phng trnh:
1) (B 2012) x + 1 + x 2 4x + 1 3 x
2) (A 2010)
x x
1 2(x 2 x + 1)
3) (A 2005)
4) (A 2004)
5x 1 x 1 > 2x 4
2(x 2 16)
7 x
+ x 3 >
x 3
x 3
5) (D 2002) (x 2 3x ) 2x 2 3x 2 0
1
/s: 1) 0; [4; +)
4
2) x =
3 5
2
3) 2 < x < 10
1
5) x < x = 2 x 3
2
4) x > 10 34
1) (B 2011) 3 2 + x 6 2 x + 4 4 x 2 = 10 3x
2) (B 2010) 3x + 1 6 x + 3x 2 14x 8 = 0
3) (A 2009) 2 3 3x 2 + 3 6 5x 8 = 0
4)(D 2006)
2x 1 + x 2 3x + 1 = 0
5) (D 2005) 2 x + 2 + 2 x + 1 x + 1 = 4
/s: 1) x =
6
5
2) x = 5
3) x = 2
4) x = 2 2
5) x = 3
Page 18
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN H PHNG TRNH

I. CC DNG H PHNG TRNH C BN
1. H phng trnh bc nht hai n
Gii v bin lun:
a x + b y = c
1
1
1
(a12 + b12 0, a22 + b22 0)
a2x + b2y = c2
a b
Tnh cc nh thc: D = 1 1 ,
a2 b2
c b
Dx = 1 1 ,
c2 b2
a c
Dy = 1 1 .
a2 c2
Xt D
Kt qu
D0
D=0
H c nghim duy nht
Dx 0 hoc Dy 0
Dx = Dy = 0
H v nghim
H c v s nghim
Ch : gii h phng trnh bc nht hai n ta c th dng cc cch gii bit nh: phng php th, phng
php cng i s.
2. H gm 1 phng trnh bc nht v 1 phng trnh bc hai
T phng trnh bc nht rt mt n theo n kia.
Th vo phng trnh bc hai a v phng trnh bc hai mt n.
S nghim ca h tu theo s nghim ca phng trnh bc hai ny.
3. H i xng loi 1
f (x , y ) = 0
H c dng:
(I)
(vi f(x, y) = f(y, x) v g(x, y) = g(y, x)).
g (x , y ) = 0
(C ngha l khi ta hon v gia x v y th f(x, y) v g(x, y) khng thay i).

t S = x + y, P = xy.
a h phng trnh (I) v h (II) vi cc n l S v P.
Gii h (II) ta tm c S v P.
Tm nghim (x, y) bng cch gii phng trnh: X 2 SX + P = 0 .
4. H i xng loi 2
f (x , y ) = 0
(1)
H c dng:
(I)
f (y, x ) = 0
(2)
(C ngha l khi hon v gia x v y th (1) bin thnh (2) v ngc li).
Tr (1) v (2) v theo v ta c:
f (x, y ) f (y, x ) = 0
(I)
f (x, y ) = 0
Bin i (3) v phng trnh tch:
Nh vy,
(3)
(1)
x = y
(3) (x y ).g(x , y ) = 0
.
g(x, y ) = 0
f (x , y ) = 0
x = y
(I)
.
f (x , y ) = 0
g(x, y ) = 0
Gii cc h trn ta tm c nghim ca h (I).

5. H ng cp bc hai
2
2
a x + b1xy + c1y = d1
H c dng:
(I) 1
.
a x 2 + b xy + c y 2 = d
2
2
2
2
Page 19
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
Gii h khi x = 0 (hoc y = 0).

Khi x 0, t y = kx . Th vo h (I) ta c h theo k v x. Kh x ta tm c phng trnh bc hai theo k. Gii
phng trnh ny ta tm c k, t tm c (x; y).
Ch :
Ngoi cc cch gii thng thng ta cn s dng phng php hm s gii (s hc lp 12).
Vi cc h phng trnh i xng, nu h c nghim (x 0 ; y 0 ) th (y 0 ; x 0 ) cng l nghim ca h. Do
nu h c nghim duy nht th x 0 = y 0 .
BI TP
HT1.
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
x + xy + y = 11
1) 2
x + y 2 xy 2(x + y ) = 31
x + y = 4
2) 2
x + xy + y 2 = 13
xy + x + y = 5
3) 2
x + y 2 + x + y = 8
3
3 3
3
x + x y + y = 17
5)
x + y + xy = 5
4
2 2
4
x + x y + y = 481
6)
x 2 + xy + y 2 = 37
/s: 1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
2
x 2y = 2
2)
2
2x + xy y = 9
2
2
2x + 4y + x = 19
3)
x 2 + y 2 + y = 7
x y
+ = 13
4)
6
y x
+
=
x
y
6
HT2.
Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
x + 2y = 1
1) 2
x + 3y 2 2x = 2
5
1
/s: 1) (1; 1);( ; )
7
7
3 5 5 33 3 + 33 5 + 33 3 33
;
3) (1;2); ; ;
;
;

2 2
4
4
4
4
2) (2;1)
HT3. Gii h phng trnh sau (ng cp bc 2)

2
2
2
2
2
2
x xy + y = 7
x + xy y = 1
x 4xy + y = 1
1)
2)
3)
2
2
2x 2 xy + 3y 2 = 12
y 2 3xy = 4
x 2xy 3y = 0
x 2 3xy + y 2 = 5
3x 2 + 5xy 4y 2 = 38
5)
4)
2x 2 xy y 2 = 2
5x 2 9xy 3y 2 = 15
9
7 9
7
7 7 7
/s: 1) (3;1);(3; 1); ; ; ;

2) (1;2);(1; 2);
;
;
3 3 3
3
31 31 31
31
3) (1; 4),(1; 4)
HT4.
4) (1;1),(1; 1)
5) (3; 1),(3;1)
Gii cc h phng trnh sau (i xng loi 1)
xy(x + 2)(y + 2) = 24
1) 2
x + y 2 + 2(x + y ) = 11
3
3
x + y = 12(x + y )
2)
x y = 2
2
2
x + y + x + y = 4
4)
x (x + y + 1) + y(y + 1) = 2
2
x + 4x + y = 7
5)
x (x + 3)(x + y ) = 12
2
2
x + y + xy = 13
7)
x 4 + y 4 + x 2y 2 = 91
x y + y x = 6
8)
x 2y + y 2x = 20
/s: 1) (1; 4),(1;2),(2; 3),(2;1),(4; 3),(4;1),(3; 4),(3;2)
2
2
x y + xy = 30
3)
x 3 + y 3 = 35
x + 1 + y + 1 = 2 + 2
6)
x + y = 3 + 1
2) (2; 4),(4;2),(1; 1)
Page 20
GV.Lu Huy Thng

3) ((3;2),(2; 3)
0968.393.899
)(
4) (2;1),(1; 2), 2; 2 ,
2; 2
3 + 21 11 21 3 21 11 + 21
5) (4; 7),(1;2),
;
;
,
2
2
2
2
7) (3; 1),(1; 3),(1; 3),(3;1)
6) (3;1),(1; 3)
8) (1; 4),(4;1)
HT5.
Gii cc h phng trnh sau (h i xng loi 2)

2
3x = 2y + 1
2x + y 1 = 5
y
1)
2)
2
2y + x 1 = 5
1
3y = 2x +
x
x + 4 y 1 = 1
4)
y + 4 x 1 = 1
/s: 1) (2;2)
4) (1;1)
x + 5 + y 2 = 7
3)
y + 5 + x 2 = 7
2xy
x +
= x2 + y
3 2
x 2x + 9
6)
2xy
= y2 + x
y +
3
2
y 2y + 9
3
x = 3x + 8y
5)
y 3 = 3y + 8x
2) (1;1)
3) (11;11)
5) (0; 0),( 11; 11),( 11; 11)
6) (0; 0),(1;1)
II. CC PHNG PHP GII H PHNG TRNH

1. Phng php rt th, phng php cng
HT6. Gii cc h phng trnh sau:
3
x 2xy + 5y = 7
1)
3x 2 2x + y = 3
x y + 1 = 5
2
3)
3
y + 2(x 3) x + 1 =
4
3
2
2x + y(x + 1) = 4x
2)
5x 4 4x 6 = y 2
12
2
1 y + 3x x = 2
x + x + y + 1 + x + y + x + y + 1 + y = 18
5)
6)
2
2
12
x + x + y + 1 x + y + x + y + 1 y = 2
1 +
y = 6
y + 3x
6 2 33 153 + 44 23 6 + 2 33 153 44 23
1 1
1) (1;2),
;
;
2) (0; 0),(1;1), ;
,
7
49
7
49

2 2
2
5x 3y = x 3xy
4)
x 3 x 2 = y 2 3y 3
3
3) 3;
1 1
4) (0; 0),(1;1), ;
2 2
5) (4; 4)
6) 4 + 2 3;12 + 6 3
2. Tm mi lin h gia x, y t 1 phng trnh ri th vo phng trnh cn li
xy + x 2 = 0
1) 3
2x x 2y + x 2 + y 2 2xy y = 0
2
2
3
5x y 4xy + 3y 2(x + y ) = 0
2)
xy(x 2 + y 2 ) + 2 = (x + y )2
3
2
2
3
x 6x y + 9xy 4y = 0
3)
x y + x + y = 2
y 4 2xy 2 + 7y 2 = x 2 + 7x + 8
5)
3y 2 + 13 15 2x = x + 1
2
2
xy + x + y = x 2y
4)
x 2y y x 1 = 2x 2y
x + 3 = 2 (3y x )(y + 1)
7)
3y 2 x + 5 = xy 2y 2
x + y + x y = 1 + x 2 y2
8)
x + y = 1
3
x 1 y = 8 x
6)
(x 1)4 = y
Page 21
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2
2
2x + xy y = 5x y 2
9)
x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 4
1 + 5
1 5
/s: 1) (1;1),
; 5 ,
; 5
2
2

2
3x + 1 + 2y(x + 1) = 4y x 2 + 2y + 1
10)
y(y x ) = 3 3y
2 2
2
2) (1;1),(1; 1),
;
5
5
4) (5;2)
5) (3; 2),(3;2)
6) (2;1)
7) (3;2)
8) (1; 0)
4 13
9) (1;1). ;
5
5
415 17
10) (1;1),
;
51 3
3) (2;2), 32 8 15; 8 2 15
3. t n ph chuyn v h c bn
xy x + y = 3
1) 2
x + y 2 x + y + xy = 6
x + y + x = 5
y
2)
x
(x + y ) = 6
y
2
2
2
x + xy + y = 19(x y )
4)
x 2 xy + y 2 = 7(x y )
12x + 3y 4 xy = 16
5)
4x + 5 + y + 5 = 6
2
2
y + xy = 6x
7)
1 + x 2y 2 = 5x 2
2
x + 1 + y (x + y ) = 4y
8)
(x 2 + 1)(y + x 2) = y
2 2x + y = 3 2x y
3)
x 2 2xy y 2 = 2
2
x + 2x + 6 y = 1
6)
x 2 + xy + y 2 = 7
3
2
2
=7
4xy + 4(x + y ) +
(x + y )2
9)
1
2x +
=3
x +y
2
5
8(x + y 2 ) + 4xy +
= 13
2
(
x
+
y
)
10)
1
2x +
=1
x +y
/s: 1) (0; 3),(3; 0)
3 1
2) ; ,(2;1)
2 2
3) (1; 1),(3;7)
4) (0; 0),(3;2),(2; 3)
5) (1; 4)
6) (3;2),(1;2)
1
7) (1;2), ;1
2
8) (1;2),(2;5)
9) (1; 0)
10) (0;1)
4. Phng php hm s
2x + 3 + 4 y = 4
1)
2y + 3 + 4 x = 4
3
3
x 3x = y 3y
2)
x 6 + y 6 = 1
3 2
2
2
2
x (4y + 1) + 2(x + 1) x = 6
y(1 + x ) = x (1 + y )
4)
5)
2
x 2y(2 + 2 4y 2 + 1) = x + x 2 + 1
x + 3y 2 = 1
x + 1 = y + 1
x2 + 1
y2 + 1
3)
4
3x 2 + 2x 2
2
=
9x +
y
y2
2
x + 21 = y 1 + y 2
6)
2
2
y + 21 = x 1 + x
2x + 1 2y + 1 = x y
8)
x 2 12xy + 9y 2 + 4 = 0
3
(23 3x ) 7 x + (3y 20) 6 y = 0
x 2y + 1 = 0
10)
9)
2x + y + 2 3x + 2y + 8 + 3x 2 14x 8 = 0
(3 x ) 2 x 2y 2y 1 = 0
x = y + 45 y 5
7)
y = x + 45 x + 5
Page 22
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
3
2
2
y + 3y + y + 4x 22x + 21 = (2x + 1) 2x 1
11)
2x 2 11x + 9 = 2y
2
2
2
4 1 + 2x y 1 = 3x + 2 1 2x y + 1 x
13)
3
2
4
2
3
2
2x y x = x + x 2x y 4y + 1
1 1 1
1
2) ; ,
;
/s: 1) (3;2)
6
6 2 6 2 6 2
2
3
2y + y + 2x 1 x = 3 1 x
12)
2y 2 + 1 + y = 4 + x + 4
(x + 1 + x 2 )(y + 1 + y 2 ) = 1
14)
x 6x 2xy + 1 = 4xy + 6x + 1
1 7 1 7
3)
;
3
3
1
4) 1;
2
1 1 1 1
5) ; , ;
2 2 2 2
6) (2;2)
7) (4; 4)
8) ( 2; 2)
9) (5; 4)
10) (1;1)
11) (1; 0),(5;2)
12) (3;2)
13)
3 11 11 3
;
14) (1; 1),
2
2
Page 23
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
TCH PHN
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN :
NGUYN HM TCH PHN V NG DNG
BI 1: NGUYN HM
1. Khi nim nguyn hm
Cho hm s f xc nh trn K. Hm s F c gi l nguyn hm ca f trn K nu:
F '(x ) = f (x ) , x K
Nu F(x) l mt nguyn hm ca f(x) trn K th h nguyn hm ca f(x) trn K l:
f (x )dx = F (x ) + C , C R.
Mi hm s f(x) lin tc trn K u c nguyn hm trn K.
2. Tnh cht
f (x ) g(x )dx =
f '(x )dx = f (x ) + C
kf (x )dx = k f (x )dx
f (x )dx g(x )dx
(k 0)
3. Nguyn hm ca mt s hm s thng gp
0dx = C
dx = x + C
x dx =
x +1
+C,
+1
( 1)
xdx = ln x + C
ex dx = e x + C
ax
+ C (0 < a 1)
ln a
cos xdx = sin x + C

sin xdx = cos x + C
a x dx =
cos2 xdx = tan x + C
sin2 xdx = cot x + C
1 ax +b
e
+ C , (a 0)
a
1
1
dx = ln ax + b + C
ax + b
a
cos(ax + b)dx = a sin(ax + b) + C (a 0)
sin(ax + b)dx = a cos(ax + b) + C (a 0)
ax +b
dx =
4. Phng php tnh nguyn hm

1) Phng php i bin s
Nu
f (u)du = F (u) + C v u = u(x ) c o hm lin tc th:

f u(x ) .u '(x )dx = F u(x ) + C
2) Phng php tnh nguyn hm tng phn

Nu u, v l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn K th:
udv = uv vdu
Page 1
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 1: Tnh nguyn hm bng cch s dng bng nguyn hm

HT 1:
Tm nguyn hm ca cc hm s sau:
1) f (x ) = x 2 3x +
4) f (x ) =
1
x
2) f (x ) =
(x 2 1)2
x
6) f (x ) =
sin x . cos x
x
2
10) f (x ) = 2 sin 3x cos 2x

HT 2:
3) f (x ) =
5) f (x ) =
7) f (x ) = 2 sin2
2x 4 + 3
x 1
x2
cos 2x
2
sin x . cos2 x
8) f (x ) = tan2 x
9) f (x ) = cos2 x
11) f (x ) = e x (e x 1)
ex
12) f (x ) = e x 2 +
cos2 x
Tm nguyn hm F(x) ca hm s f(x) tho iu kin cho trc:
1) f (x ) = x 3 4x + 5;
3) f (x ) =
5) f (x )=
F (1) = 3
3 5x 2
; F (e) = 1
x
x3 1
x
4) f (x ) =
F (2) = 0
x2 + 1
;
x
F (1) =
1
6) f (x ) = x x +
F ' = 0
3
x 3 + 3x 3 + 3x 7
(x + 1)2
8) f (x ) =
3
2
F (1) = 2
Dng 1: Nu f(x) c dng:
f (x )dx
g(t)dt
x2
F (1) = 2

x
; F =
2 4
2
bng phng php i bin s
f(x) = g u(x ) .u '(x ) th ta t t = u(x ) dt = u '(x )dx .
f (x )dx = g(t)dt , trong g(t)dt
Ch : Sau khi tnh
3x 4 2x 3 + 5
10) f (x ) == sin2
F (0) = 8
VN 2: Tnh nguyn hm
Khi :
F () = 2
7) f (x ) = sin 2x . cos x ;
9) f (x ) =
2) f (x ) = 3 5 cos x ;
d dng tm c.
theo t, ta phi thay li t = u(x).
Dng 2: Thng gp cc trng hp sau:

Cch i bin
f(x) c cha
2
a x
hoc
2
a +x
x = a cos t,
t
2
2
0t
x = a tan t,
x = a sin t,
hoc
x = a cot t,
<t <
2
2
0<t <
HT 3:
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (i bin s dng 1):

dx
1)
(5x 1)10 dx
2)
(3 2x )5
4)
(2x
7)
+ 1)7 xdx
x 2 + 1.xdx
5)
8)
(x
+ 5)4 x 2dx
3x 2
dx
5 + 2x 3
3)
6)
x 2 + 5 dx
9)
5 2xdx
x
dx
x (1 + x )2
Page 2
GV.Lu Huy Thng

10)
13)
16)
sin
0968.393.899
11)
x cos xdx
e x dx
14)
e 3
ln 3 x
dx
x
17)
sin x
cos5 x dx
12)
2
x .e x +1dx
15)
dx
ex + 1
18)
tan xdx
cos2 x
x
dx
x
e tan x
cos2 x dx
HT 4:
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (i bin s dng 2):

dx
dx
1)
2)
(1 + x 2 )3
(1 x 2 )3
4)
7)
dx
5)
8)
x2 + x + 1
4 x2
x 2dx
1x
1 x 2 .dx
dx
3)
6)
1 + x2
9)
1 x 2 .dx
dx
x 2 + 1.dx
VN 3: Tnh nguyn hm bng phng php tnh nguyn hm tng phn

Vi P(x) l a thc ca x, ta thng gp cc dng sau:
P(x ).e dx
P(x ). cos xdx
P(x ).sin xdx
P(x ).ln xdx
P(x)
P(x)
P(x)
cos xdx
sin xdx
lnx
P(x)
u
dv
HT 5:
e dx
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau:
x. sin xdx
4) (x 2 + 2x + 3) cos xdx
7) x .e x dx
10) x ln xdx
1)
HT 6:
1)
cos
7)
2)
dx
ln xdx
3)
sin
6)
sin
x dx
x. sin
8)
sin(ln x )dx
9)
cos(ln x )dx
. cos xdx
2)
3)
5)
ln(1 + x )
6)
cos2 x dx
x3
9)
ln x 2
dx
x
ln(ln x )
dx
x
4)
ln(cos x )
dx
cos2 x
x ln x + x 2 + 1
5)
x dx
1)
7)
(x + 5) sin xdx
6) x cos 2xdx
9) ln xdx
12) ln(x 2 + 1)dx
3)
4)
HT 7:
x cos xdx
5) x sin 2xdx
8) x 3e x dx
11) ln2 xdx
2)
x2 + 1
)dx
8)
x dx
(1 + tan x + tan2 x )dx
dx
dx
1 + x2
xdx
. sin 2xdx
x
Page 3
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 4: Tnh nguyn hm ca mt s hm s thng gp

1. f(x) l hm hu t: f (x ) =
P (x )
Q(x )
Nu bc ca P(x) bc ca Q(x) th ta thc hin php chia a thc.

Nu bc ca P(x) < bc ca Q(x) v Q(x) c dng tch nhiu nhn t th ta phn tch f(x) thnh tng ca nhiu
phn thc (bng phng php h s bt n8).
Chng hn:
1
A
B
=
+
(x a )(x b) x a x b
1
2
(x m )(ax + bx + c)
1
2
(x a ) (x b )
A
Bx + C
+
,
x m ax 2 + bx + c
vi = b 2 4ac < 0
A
B
C
D
+
+
+
x a (x a )2 x b (x b)2
2. f(x) l hm v t
ax + b
+ f(x) = R x, m
cx + d
+ f(x) = R
(x + a )(x + b )
t =m
ax + b
cx + d
t = x +a + x +b
f(x) l hm lng gic

Ta s dng cc php bin i lng gic thch hp a v cc nguyn hm c bn. Chng hn:
+
sin (x + a ) (x + b )
1
1
=
,
.
sin(x + a ).sin(x + b) sin(a b) sin(x + a ). sin(x + b)
sin (x + a ) (x + b)
1
1
=
.
,
cos(x + a ). cos(x + b ) sin(a b) cos(x + a ). cos(x + b)
sin(a b)
s dung 1 =
sin(a b)
cos (x + a ) (x + b)
1
1
=
,
.
sin(x + a ).cos(x + b) cos(a b) sin(x + a ).cos(x + b)
cos(a b)
s dung 1 =
cos(a b)
sin(a b)
s dung 1 =
sin(a b)
+ Nu R( sin x, cos x ) = R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = cosx

+ Nu R(sin x , cos x ) = R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = sinx
+ Nu R( sin x, cos x ) = R(sin x , cos x ) th t t = tanx (hoc t = cotx)
HT 8:
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (dng hu t):
dx
x (x + 1)
1)
4)
x 2 7x + 10
7)
dx
10)
x
dx
(x + 1)(2x + 1)
dx
x(x 2 + 1)
dx
(x + 1)(2x 3)
2)
5)
x 2 6x + 9
8)
dx
11)
dx
2x 2 3x 2
dx
1+ x3
x2 + 1
dx
x2 1
dx
3)
6)
x2 4
9)
x3
x 2 3x + 2dx
12)
x 3 1dx
HT 9:
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (dng v t):

1
1)
dx
1+ x +1
4)
1
4
x + x
dx
2)
5)
x +1
x 2
3)
1 + 3 x + 1dx
dx
6)
x(x + 1)dx
x
3
dx
x x
Page 4
GV.Lu Huy Thng

7)
10)
dx
3
x + x +2 x
dx
1 x dx
1+x x
11)
2x + 1
dx
9)
1 x dx
x
3 1+x
12)
x 5x + 6
dx
2
x + 6x + 8
Tnh cc nguyn hm sau (dng lng gic):
1)
sin 2x sin 5xdx
4)
1 + sin x cos xdx
7)
8)
3 (2x + 1)2
HT 10:
0968.393.899
cos 2x
10)
1 sin x
dx
cos x
cos x cos 2x cos 3xdx
2)
cos x sin 3xdx
3)
(tan
5)
2 sin x + 1
6)
cos x
8)
sin 3 x
dx
cos x
9)
cos xdx
12)
dx
11)
x + tan 4 x )dx
dx
dx
cos x cos x +
sin
xdx
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Page 5
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
BI 2: TCH PHN
1. Khi nim tch phn
Cho hm s f lin tc trn K v a, b K. Nu F l mt nguyn hm ca f trn K th:
b
F(2) F(1) c gi l tch phn ca f t a n b v k hiu l
f (x )dx .
a
f (x )dx = F (b) F (a )
a
i vi bin s ly tch phn, ta c th chn bt k mt ch khc thay cho x, tc l:

b
f (x )dx = f (t )dt = f (u)du = ... = F (b) F (a )

a
ngha hnh hc: Nu hm s y = f(x) lin tc v khng m trn on [a; b] th din tch S ca hnh thang cong
b
S =
gii hn bi th ca y = f(x), trc Ox v hai ng thng x = a, x = b l:
f (x )dx
a
2. Tnh cht ca tch phn

0
f (x )dx = 0
0
f (x ) g(x )dx =
f (x )dx = f (x )dx kf (x )dx = k f (x )dx (k: const)
f (x )dx g(x )dx

a
f (x )dx = f (x )dx + f (x )dx

a
Nu f(x) 0 trn [a; b] th
f (x )dx 0
a
b
f (x )dx g(x )dx
Nu f(x) g(x) trn [a; b] th
3. Phng php tnh tch phn

u(b )
1) Phng php i bin s:
f u(x ) .u '(x )dx =
f (u )du trong : u = u(x) c o hm lin tc trn K, y = f(u)
u (a )
lin tc v hm hp f[u(x)] xc nh trn K, a, b K.

2) Phng php tch phn tng phn
Nu u, v l hai hm s c o hm lin tc trn K, a, b K th:
b
b
b
udv = uv
a
vdu
a
Ch : Cn xem li cc phng php tm nguyn hm.

b
Trong phng php tch phn tng phn, ta cn chn sao cho
vdu d tnh
a
hn
udv .
a
Page 6
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 1: Tnh tch phn bng cch s dng bng nguyn hm

HT 11:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
1)
4)
7)
(x
+ 2x + 1)dx
2)
x 2 + 2dx
( x + 1)(x x + 1)dx
x 2 2x
x3
HT 12:
x + 1dx
xdx
dx
5)
1x
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
sin(2x + 6 )dx
2)
x +2 + x 2
12)
)dx
x + 2 3 x 4 4 x dx
4
x
dx
3 2
3 x
3x
3
3)
6)
dx
1+x
(x
+ x x + 3 x )dx
2
3
(2 sin x + 3cosx + x )dx
0 x
x 2 + 9dx
3)
(sin 3x + cos 2x )dx

0
5)
cos2 x
3 tan
dx
1 + sin x
8)
6)
x dx
(2 cot
x + 5) dx
1 cos x
1 + cos x dx
9)
sin
x .cos2 xdx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

1
e x ex
ex + ex
dx
2)
7)
9)
tan x .dx
HT 14:
dx
1
2
0
4)
2 x + 5 7x
dx
x
2)
1)
(x + x + x 2 + x
1
7)
6)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
HT 13:
4)
1)
) dx
2
dx
x2
11)
dx
x 1
(x 2 + x x + 3 x )dx
e2
4)
3)
1
2
1)
8)
10)
x4 + 4
5)
3
(x + + e 3x +1 )dx
x
2
ln 2
0
0
10)
5)
dx
ex + 1
sin xdx
ln x
dx
1 x
x 2 + x ln x
3)
2 e cos x
(x + 1).dx
8)
4e x
e x (1
ex
)dx
x
9)
dx
x
11)
6)
0 xe
x2
dx
12)
1 e 2x
e +2
dx
1 ex
0 2x dx
1 + ln x
dx
x
1
1 + ex dx
0
Page 7
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 2: Tnh tch phn bng phng php i bin s

b
Dng 1: Gi s ta cn tnh
g(x )dx .
a
u (b )
Nu vit c g(x) di dng: g (x ) = f u(x ) .u '(x ) th
g(x )dx =
f (u )du
u (a )
Dng 2: Gi s ta cn tnh
f (x )dx .
t x = x(t) (t 10) v a, b K tho mn = x(1), = x(2)
th
f (x )dx =
f x (t ) x '(t )dt =
(g(t ) = f x (t ) .x '(t ))
g(t )dt
a
Dng 2 thng gp cc trng hp sau:
Cch i bin
f(x) c cha
a2 x 2
hoc
2
a +x
hoc
x = a cos t,
0t
x = a tan t,
x = a cot t,
HT 15:
x=
a
,
sin t
x=
a
,
cos t

t 0; \
2
Tnh cc tch phn sau (i bin s dng 1):

1
1)
19
x (1 x ) dx
2 3
5)
8)
e
+1
11)
sin 2x
x 1 x 2 dx
x 5 + 2x 3
dx 14)
1)
cos x . sin x
2
1x
1 x 2 dx
12)
15)
sin 2x
2 sin2 x + cos2 x dx
0
x 2dx
4x
1 + ex dx
1 + 3 ln x ln x
dx
x
dx
ex
2)
2
9)
dx
e
2 + ln xdx
2x
dx
x
ln 2
1 + x2
1 + sin x
cos2 x + 4 sin2 x
0
Tnh cc tch phn sau (i bin s dng 2):
1
2
6)
HT 16:
x 2 + 1 dx
0
e x dx
x
x x2 + 4
(e
x5
dx
ln 3
13)
3)
dx
2x + 1
10)
(1 + x 2 )3
xdx
7)
2)
x3
4)
<t <
2
2
0<t <

t ; \ {0}
2 2
x 2 a2
hoc
t
2
2
x = a sin t,
3)
2
4 x 2 dx
Page 8
GV.Lu Huy Thng

3
4)
0968.393.899
1
dx
x2 + 3
0
0
7)
8)
x + 2x + 2
x2 1
x
10)
x
2
0
1
9)
dx
2
2
dx
xdx
x4 + x2 + 1
2
3
6)
dx
dx
(x 2 + 1)(x 2 + 2)
5)
11)
x 1
1x
(1 + x )
x2
dx
12)
dx
2
2x x 2 dx
VN 3: Tnh tch phn bng phng php tch phn tng phn
Vi P(x) l a thc ca x, ta thng gp cc dng sau:
b
P (x ).e x dx
u
dv
HT 17:
e dx
P(x)
P(x)
cos xdx
sin xdx
2)
x sin 2xdx
lnx
P(x)
x cos xdx
5)
6)
xdx
(x 2)e
xe dx
8)
x ln xdx
9)
ln(x
11)
x )dx
cos x
sin 2xdx
12)
ln
xdx
x 3 ln2 xdx
sin 5xdx
dx
e
x
2x
ln 2
3x
cos xdx
x tan
13)
3)
10)
(x + sin2 x ) cos xdx
7)
P(x ).l n xdx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
4)
P (x ).sin xdx
P(x)
1)
P (x ). cos xdx
14)
1
e
ln x
x
15)
dx
x(e
2x
+ 3 x + 1)dx
VN 4: Tnh tch phn cc hm s c cha gi tr tuyt i

HT 18:
1)
4)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
x 2 dx
2)
2
2
x x dx
3)
x 1 dx
5)
( x + 2 x 2 )dx
6)
x 2 + 2x 3dx
2x 4 dx
Page 9
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
7)
x 2 6x + 9dx
8)
4 x dx
1 cos 2xdx
2)
1 sin 2x .dx
3)
1 sin xdx
5)
sin x dx
1 + cos xdx
6)
1 + cos 2xdx
7)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
4)
9)
HT 19:
1)
x 3 4x 2 + 4xdx
tan2 x + cot2 x 2dx
8)
cos x cos x cos3 xdx
9)
1 + sin xdx
VN 5: Tnh tch phn cc hm s hu t

HT 20:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

3
1)
dx
x + x3
2)
1
1
4)
(1 + 2x )
7)
6)
(1 x )
x 2 3x + 2
(4x + 11)dx
11)
dx
2)
(3x
dx
12)
8)
(3x + 1)3 dx
0
) dx
1 x 2008
x2 + 4
dx
1 + x 4 dx
6)
9)
1+ x4
x 3 + 2x 2 + 4x + 9
x(1 + x 2008 ) dx
11)
3)
1 x2
x3 + x + 1
dx
x +1
x2
+2
x2 + 1
dx
3x 2 + 3x + 3
x(1 + x 4 ) dx
0
1
x3 + x +1
5)
dx
2
x
+
1
0
4 + x2
9)
x 3 3x + 2
2
(x + 2)2 (x + 3)2 dx
10)
x 2 + 5x + 6
dx
x 2 (1 + x )
x 2 2x + 2
x 2 + 2x + 1
dx
7)
x 2dx
8)
x 3dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
4)
2x 3 6x 2 + 9x + 9
HT 21:
1)
5)
dx
dx
x (x 1)
10)
3
3
x 2 5x + 6
3)
dx
x4
(x 2 1)2 dx
2
12)
dx
2 x4
1 + x 2 dx
0
VN 6: Tnh tch phn cc hm s v t

HT 22:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2 2
1)
1
2
x x + 1dx
2)
x+
0
x3
dx
x2 + 1
3)
dx
x +1 + x
Page 10
GV.Lu Huy Thng

2
4)
1+
7)
x 1
5)
dx
7
3
2x + 1 +
8)
x 1
3 3x + 1
HT 23:
12)
x5 + x3
dx
dx
1 + x2
14)
x 2 1 + x 2 dx
2)
dx
dx
15)
x2 1
x3 +1
x2
3)
dx
x +1
x + 2008dx
5)
10 x dx
6)
+ x2 + 1
2
2
2 3
(1 x )
1 + x 2 dx
9)
x 2 + 2008
11)
dx
8)
dx
(1 + x 2 )3
0
2
dx
dx
1
3
HT 24:
x2 + 1
x2 + 1
5
4
x dx
1x
x+
x 3dx
12)
2
12x 4x 2 8dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
cos xdx
2)
7 + cos 2x
sin x
cos x cos2 xdx
1 cos3 x sin x cos5 xdx
5)
HT 25:
8)
1 + cos x
sin 2x + sin x
cos xdx
3)
1 + 3 cos x
cos x
6)
dx
cos xdx
2 + cos2 x
cos xdx
2 + cos 2x
tan x
9)
dx
2
1 + cos x
sin 2x + sin x
1 + 3 cos x
dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

ln 3
0
ln 3
ln 2
ln 3
7)
3x + 1
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
10)
4)
4x 3
2+
3
dx
2
2
1)
9)
1+x
dx
1x
1 1 + x
7)
x + 1dx
4)
x x2 + 4
5
1)
dx
x5 + 1
11)
dx
7)
2 3
4)
1)
x4
13)
4x + 1
6)
x +1
2
2
dx
dx
x 2
10)
10
0968.393.899
ln 2
dx
2)
ex + 1
x ln x + 1
dx
5)
ln 2
x (e 2x + 3 x + 1)dx
6)
8)
e +e
1 + 3 ln x ln x
dx
x
e x dx
(e x + 1)3
ln 2
ex
x
(ex + 1) ex 1 dx
0
3)
ex + 1
ln2 x
ex
e 2x dx
dx
9)
e x 1dx
Page 11
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 7: Tnh tch phn cc hm s lng gic
HT 26:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
1)
sin 2x.cos xdx
2)
tan xdx
7)
5)
xdx
sin
x cos4 xdx
8)
sin
(sin 3 x + cos3 x )dx
11)
tan
tan
14)
xdx
sin 3 x
1 + cos2 x dx
17)
1 cos3 x sin x cos5 xdx
2)
cos 2x (sin 4 x + cos4 x )dx
5)
x cos5 xdx
sin 2x cos x
dx
1 + cos x
12)
dx
sin x. cos3 x
15)
xdx
/3
cos3 x
dx
1 + cos x
18)
/6
dx
4
sin x . cos x
sin x .ln(cos x )dx
8)
1 + sin 2x + cos 2x
dx
sin x + cos x
4 (tan x
3)
cos x
+ e sin x cos x )dx
6)
tan x
dx
1 + cos2 x
(1 + sin x )
sin 2xdx
HT 28:
sin3 x
(tan2 x + 1)2 . cos5 x dx
9)
1
2
sin x + 9 cos2 x
dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
sin x dx
2)
cos x
1 + cos x dx
HT 29:
dx
(1 + cos x )4
3)
5)
dx
cos x cos(x + )
4
6)
(1 + sin x )
dx
(1 sin x ) cos x
(1 + sin x )(2 cos2 x ) dx

0
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
1)
3x
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
4)
sin
1)
9)
7)
x cos3 xdx
cos3 x
dx
cos x + 1
HT 27:
4)
cos
0
1)
6)
xdx
16)
sin
13)
sin x
1 + 3 cos x dx
sin
10)
3)
4)
(2x 1)cos xdx

0
2)
xdx
1 + cos 2x
0
3)
cos2 x dx
0
Page 12
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
4)
sin
5)
xdx
cos(ln x )dx
8)
6)
sin 2x.e
e 2x sin2 xdx
e sin
11)
ln(sin x )
cos2 x
9)
dx
sin x cos3 xdx
14)
dx
(2x 1) cos
xdx
x tan2 xdx
12)
2x +1
13)
cos xdx
10)
7)
x sin x cos
ln(1 + tan x )dx
15)
xdx
dx
cos4 x
0
VN 8: Tnh tch phn cc hm s m v logarit

HT 30:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

1
1)
1 + ex
0
ln 8
4)
2)
dx
5)
ex + 1
1
dx
8)
10)
ln(sin x )
dx
2
cos
x
7)
e x + 1.e 2x dx
6)
0
1
9)
dx
ex + 1
1
2)
1
x
(e + cos x ) cos xdx
e 2x
1 ex
1 + ex dx
e x
ex + 1 dx
0
ln 3
dx
5)
ln(x + 1)
dx
x +1
x ln (1 + x ) dx
xe
e
6)
e3
dx
e2
ln x
2
+
ln
x
dx
x ln x + 1
e +1
3)
8)
dx
ln x + ln(ln x )
dx
x
12)
4)
e 2x
ex + 4 dx
0
ln 2
ex + 1
11)
1)
ln 8
ln 3
dx
2
x
(ln
x
+
1)
1
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
HT 31:
3)
ln x
ex + 5
1 ex
dx
ex
ln 3
2
7)
ln 2
e x dx
9)
e2
1 + ln2 x
dx
x
ln(ln x )
dx
x
Page 13
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 9: (C THM) Mt s tch phn c bit
Dng 1. Tch phn ca hm s chn, hm s l

a
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc v l hm s l trn [-a; a] th
f (x )dx = 0
f (x )dx = 2 f (x )dx
Nu hm s f(x) lin tc v l hm s chn trn [-a; a] th
V cc tnh cht ny khng c trong phn l thuyt ca SGK nn khi tnh cc tch phn c dng ny ta c th chng
minh nh sau:
a
0
a
0
a
Bc 1: Phn tch I =
f (x )dx =
f (x )dx + f (x )dx
f (x )dx ; K =
f (x )dx
J =
Bc 2: Tnh tch phn J =
f (x )dx
bng phng php i bin. t t = x.
Nu f(x) l hm s l th J = K I = J + K = 0
Nu f(x) l hm s chn th J = K I = J + K = 2K
Dng 2. Nu f(x) lin tc v l hm chn trn R th:
f (x )
a x + 1dx = f (x )dx
(vi R+ v a > 0)
chng minh tnh cht ny, ta cng lm tng t nh trn.
f (x )
f (x )
f (x )
f (x )
f (x )
I =
dx =
dx +
dx
dx ; K =
dx
J =
ax + 1
ax + 1
ax + 1
ax + 1
a x + 1
0
tnh J ta cng t: t = x.

Dng 3. Nu f(x) lin tc trn 0; th
2
f (sin x )dx = f (cos x )dx
chng minh tnh cht ny ta t: t = x

2
Dng 4. Nu f(x) lin tc v f (a + b x ) = f (x ) hoc f (a + b x ) = f (x )
th t: t = a + b x
c bit,
nu a + b =
th t
t=x
nu a + b = 2 th t
t = 2 x
Dng 5. Tnh tch phn bng cch s dng nguyn hm ph
xc nh nguyn hm ca hm s f(x) ta cn tm mt hm g(x) sao cho nguyn hm ca cc hm s f(x) g(x) d
xc nh hn so vi f(x). T suy ra nguyn hm ca f(x). Ta thc hin cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: Tm hm g(x).
Bc 2: Xc nh nguyn hm ca cc hm s f(x) g(x), tc l:
F (x ) + G (x ) = A(x ) + C
1
(*)
F (x ) G (x ) = B(x ) + C 2
1
Bc 3: T h (*), ta suy ra F (x ) = A(x ) + B(x ) + C l nguyn hm ca f(x).
2
HT 32:
Tnh cc tch phn sau (dng 1):
1)
x x +x x +1
4
cos x
1
2
dx
2)
cos x ln(x +
1 + x 2 )dx
3)
1 x
cos x. ln 1 + x dx
1
2
Page 14
GV.Lu Huy Thng

1
4)
1 + cos x
HT 33:
2)
dx
x
2
+
1
1
sin2 x
5)
sin x sin 3x cos 5x
1 + ex
HT 34:
cosn x
cosn x + sinn x
0
8)
dx
dx (n N*)
2)
dx
5)
4 sin2 x
dx
3)
dx
1 + 2x dx
6)
sin6 x + cos6 x
6x + 1
dx
(ex + 1)(x 2 + 1)
1
dx
9)
dx
(4x + 1)(x 2 + 1)
x 2 sin2 x
1 + 2x
dx
sin7 x
sin7 x + cos7 xdx

cos4 x
cos4 x + sin4 x
dx
3)
6)
sin x
sin x + cos x
dx
sin4 x
cos4 x + sin4 xdx

0
x . sin x
4 cos2 x
2)
dx
4 sin2 x
5)
8)
6)
x sin x
9)
sin 4x ln(1 + tan x )dx
11)
x. sin
0
2 + cos x dx
1 + sin x
dx
ln
1 + cos x
x . cos3 xdx
1 + sin x dx
HT 36:
3)
dx
ln(1 + tan x )dx
10)
x + cos x
xdx
x sin x
1 + cos2 x dx
0
x sin x
9 + 4 cos2 x dx
12)
x sin x cos
xdx
sin x
sin x cos xdx
2)
cos x
dx
sin x + cos x
5)
7)
x + cos x
dx
x +1
4)
1+2
sin2009 x
1)
1 x2
7)
4 sin x
sin2009 x + cos2009 x
HT 35:
4)
x2 + 1
1)
9)
1
3 2
3x + 1dx
4)
x 4 + sin x
xdx
x4
1)
x4 x2 + 1
6)
7)
8)
dx
x dx

1
4)
5)
sin5 x
1)
ln x + 1 + x 2 dx
7)
0968.393.899
sin6 x
sin6 x + cos6 x
0
cos x
sin x cos xdx

0
sin4 x
sin4 x + cos4 x
3)
dx
6)
dx
8)
sin x
sin x + cos xdx
cos6 x
sin6 x + cos6 xdx

0
cos4 x
sin4 x + cos4 xdx

0
9)
2 sin
x . sin 2xdx
Page 15
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
10)
0
1
13)
1
2
ex ex
11)
2 cos x .sin 2xdx
ex
12)
dx
ex + ex dx
14)
ex
ex ex dx
ex + ex dx
BI 3: NG DNG TCH PHN

1. Din tch hnh phng
Din tch S ca hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
th (C) ca hm s y = f(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
Trc honh.
b
S=
Hai ng thng x = a, x = b. l:
(1)
f (x )dx

th ca cc hm s y = f(x), y = g(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
b
S=
Hai ng thng x = a, x = b .l:
f (x ) g (x )dx
(2)
Ch :
b
Nu trn on [a; b], hm s f(x) khng i du th:
f (x )dx =
f (x )dx
a
Trong cc cng thc tnh din tch trn, cn kh du gi tr tuyt i ca hm s di du tch phn. Ta c th
lm nh sau:
Bc 1: Gii phng trnh: f(x) = 0 hoc f(x) g(x) = 0 trn on [a; b]. Gi s tm
d (c < 4).
Bc 2: S dng cng thc phn on:
b
f (x )dx =
f (x )dx +
f (x )dx +
c 2 nghim c,
f (x )dx
d
b
f (x )dx + f (x )dx + f (x )dx

a
(v trn cc on [a; c], [c; d], [d; b] hm s f(x) khng i du)

th ca x = g(y), x = h(y)
Hai ng thng x = c, x = d.
(g v h l hai hm s lin tc trn on [c; d])
S=
g(y ) h(y )dy
2. Th tch vt th
Gi B l phn vt th gii hn bi hai mt phng vung gc vi trc Ox ti cc im cc im a v b.
S(x) l din tch thit din ca vt th b ct bi mt phng vung gc vi trc Ox ti im c honh x (a x 2).
Gi s S(x) lin tc trn on [a; b].
b
Th tch ca B l:
V =
S (x )dx
a
Th tch ca khi trn xoay:

Th tch ca khi trn xoay do hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
(C): y = f(x), trc honh, x = a, x = b (a < 2)
sinh ra khi quay quanh trc Ox:
Page 16
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
b
V =
(x )dx
Ch : Th tch ca khi trn xoay sinh ra do hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau quay xung quanh trc Oy:
(C): x = g(y), trc tung, y = c, y = d
d
V =
l:
g (y )dy
2
VN 1: Tnh din tch hnh phng

HT 37:
Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:

ln x
1
1) y = x 2 4x 6, y = 0, x = 2, x = 4
2) y =
, y = 0, x = , x = e
x
e
3) y =
1 + ln x
x
, y = 0, x = 1, x = e
4) y =
ln x
, y = 0, x = e, x = 1
2 x
1
5) y = ln x , y = 0, x = , x = e
6) y = x 3 , y = 0, x = 2, x = 1
e
x
1
1
7) y =
, y = 0, x = 0, x =
8) y = lg x , y = 0, x = , x = 10
10
4
2
1x
HT 38: Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:
3x 1
1) y =
, y = 0, x = 0
2) y = x , y = 2 x, y = 0
x 1
3) y = e x , y = 2, x = 1
5) y = 2x 2 , y = x 2 2x 1, y = 2
4) y = x , x + y 2 = 0, y = 0
6) y = x 2 4x + 5, y = 2x + 4, y = 4x 11
x2
27
8) y = 2x 2 , y = x 2 4x 4, y = 8
,y=
27
x
7) y = x 2 , y =
HT 39:
1) y = 4 x 2 , y = x 2 2x
3) y =
1 2
1
x ,y = x2 + 3
4
2
5) y = x , y = 2 x 2
7) y =
x2
1
,y=
2
1 + x2
9) y = x 2 + 2x , y = x + 2
HT 40:
2) y = x 2 4x + 3 , y = x + 3
4) y =
1
1 + x2
,y =
x2
2
6) y = x 2 2x, y = x 2 + 4x
2
8) y = x + 3 + , y = 0
x
10) y = x 2 + 2, y = 4 x
1) y = x 2 , x = y 2
2) y 2 + x 5 = 0, x + y 3 = 0
3) y 2 2y + x = 0, x + y = 0
4) y 2 = 2x + 1, y = x 1
5) y 2 = 2x , y = x , y = 0, y = 3
6) y = (x + 1)2 , x = sin y
HT 41: Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:

1) y = x .e x ; y = 0; x = 1; x = 2.
2) y = x . ln2 x ; y = 0; x = 1; x = e.
3) y = e x ; y = e x ; x = 1.
4) y = 5x 2 ; y = 0; x = 0; y = 3 x .
5) y = (x + 1)5 ; y = e x ; x = 1.
7) y = sin x + cos2 x, y = 0, x = 0, x =
1
6) y = ln x , y = 0, x = , x = e
e
8) y = x + sin x ; y = x ; x = 0; x = 2.
Page 17
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
9) y = x + sin2 x ; y = ; x = 0; x = .
HT 42:
10) y = sin2 x + sin x + 1, y = 0, x = 0, x =
1) (C ) : y = x 3 2x 2 + 4x 3, y = 0 v tip tuyn vi (C) ti im c honh x = 2.

2) (C ) : y = x 3 3x + 2, x = 1 v tip tuyn ci (C) ti im c honh x = 2.
3) (C ) : y = x 2 2x v cc tip tuyn vi (C) ti O(0 ; 0) v A(3; 3) trn (C).
VN 2: Tnh th tch vt th
HT 43:
Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi hnh (H) gii hn bi cc ng sau quay quanh trc honh (Ox)
1
2) y = x 3 x 2 , y = 0, x = 0, x = 3
1) y = sin x, y = 0, x = 0, x =
4
3
3) y = sin6 x + cos6 x , y = 0, x = 0, x =
4) y = x , x = 4
2
5) y = x 3 1, y = 0, x = 1, x = 1
7) y =
x2
x3
,y=
4
8
0) y = sin x , y = cos x , x =
6) y = x 2 , y = x
8) y = x 2 + 4x , y = x + 2
,x=
4
2
11) y = x 2 4x + 6, y = x 2 2x + 6
10) (x 2)2 + y 2 = 9, y = 0
12) y = ln x , y = 0, x = 2
HT 44:
Tnh th tch vt th trn xoay sinh ra bi hnh (H) gii hn bi cc ng sau quay quanh trc tung (Oy):
2
1) x = , y = 1, y = 4
2) y = x 2 , y = 4
y
3) y = e x , x = 0, y = e
4) y = x 2 , y = 1, y = 2
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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BI 4: N TP
HT 45:
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
1)
x x dx
0
2
4)
2)
x 1
dx
x + 2
5)
10)
8)
( x + 2 x 2 )dx
1+
1
4)
x2 + 4
1
xdx
1 + x2
11)
x 3 + 2x 2 + 4x + 9
12)
dx
xdx
(x + 1)3
0
x
x 1
2)
dx
1 + x dx
5)
dx
4 x dx
8)
1 + x .x dx
1 x 2 dx
14)
x + 3 dx
12)
x2 + x
17)
x 3 + 1x 3 .dx
15)
18)
x 1
x +1
3
0
1
dx
x 2
7/3
0
10
3 (x + 1)2 dx
HT 47:
1 + x dx
0
1
16)
13)
9)
11)
dx
x5 + 1
1
2
x4
6)
0
2 +x + 2x
10)
1 x dx
2
x +5 +4
xdx
2dx
x
1
x2 + 1
2
3)
0
4
x 5 + 2x 3
0
2
7)
9)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

2
1)
dx
x 2 + 2x + 4
HT 46:
dx
x 2 + 1 dx
x 2 2x + 1 dx
2x 2 + 5x + 2
6)
x3
xdx
0
1
3)
(x + 1)2
7)
1 + x 8 2x 4 dx
2
5
x7
3x + 1
x 3
x +1 +x + 3
dx
dx
1 x 2 dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

/4
0
/2
dx 5)
2
8)
/4
/2
x tan2 x dx
11)
sin2012 x
sin2012 x + cos2012 x
tan x
dx
cos5 xdx
sin 2x
dx
cos x + 1
14)
9)
dx
cos x 1 + cos2 x
/2
dx
1 + cos x
/4
13)
6)
cos 2x (sin x + cos x )dx
/2
sin 2x cos x
sin x sin 2x sin 3x dx

/3
/2
3)
dx
/2
10)
1 + 3 cos x
/2
7)
sin 2x + sin x
/2
cos x + 4 sin x
2)
sin 2x
4)
/2
1 2 sin2 x
dx
1 + sin 2x
1)
4 sin3 x
dx
1 + cos x
x sin x
1 + cos2 x dx
0
/2
12)
sin x
dx
1 + 3 cos x
/4
15)
1 2 sin2 x
dx
1 + sin 2x
Page 19
GV.Lu Huy Thng

/2
16)
HT 48:
0968.393.899
/2
cos 3x
dx
sin x + 1
17)
sin2 x + 2 cos x cos2
x ln(x
+ 5)dx
2)
sin 2x cos2 x
ln(x
(e sin x + cos x ) cos x dx
5)
0
e
x 2e x
8)
(x
9)
11)
14)
x
1
HT 49:
+ 1)e x dx
3 2 ln x
1 + 2 ln x
ln2 x dx
dx
1 + ex
2
(4x 2 2x 1)e 2x dx
12)
sin 5x dx
dx
(x + 2)2
3x
x
1
1
dx
2x
dx
ex + 2ex 3
16)
(x 2)e
0
6)
/2
13)
3)
ln 3
1
x3 +1
ln xdx
x
10)
x )dx
ln 5
4)
1
2
/2
ln(1 + x )
x2
ln x
x
dx
15)
dx
17)
x ln(1 + x
)dx
0
e
dx
e3
1 + 3 ln x .ln x
dx
x
ln2 x
18)
ln x + 1
dx
Tnh cc tch phn sau:
1) I =
4) I =
7) I =
2x + cos x
dx 2)
1 + sin 2x
2) I =
3x
x
cos 3
2
2
dx
2
1 + sin x
2 cos
(x + 1) ln x + x 2 ln2 x + 1
dx
1 + x ln x
10)
x
2
x sin2 xdx
3
2
7)
18)
Tnh cc tch phn sau:

3
1)
/3
sin xdx
5) I =
(x + 2)(1 + 2xe x ) + 1
x (1 + xe x )
8) I =
x +e
+x +1
dx
11) I =
13) I =
1 + sin 2x
x (1 + cos x )
(x + sin x )sin x dx
19) I =
(2 cos 2x + 1)dx
cos x
0
16) I =
1 + sin x x
e dx
1 + cos x
14) I =
17) I =
e3
20) I =
e2
3) I =
6) I =
dx
9) I =
2 + sin x
(1 + cos x )4 dx
2
3
12) I =
sin x +
4
dx
2 sin x . cos x 3
cos2 x
2 + sin x
1 + cos x dx
ln(1 + ln2 x )
dx
x
ln(sin x ) + cos 2x
cos 2x
2 cos x + 3 dx
0
dx
(x 2 + 1)e x + xe 2x + 1
(2x 2 + x + 1)e x
(x 2 sin x + x + 1) + x cos x
dx
1 + x sin x
15) I =
sin2 x
dx
x 2 e 2x
xex + e2x dx
0
dx
ln(sin x )
18) I =
sin x + cos x
3 cos2 x + 4 sin2 x
dx
2x ln2 x x ln x 2 + 3
dx
x (1 ln x )
Page 20
GV.Lu Huy Thng
21) I =
x (x sin x + x ) sin x
dx
x 1
0
3
4
22) I =
cot x + cot x
ex
24) I =
0968.393.899
(x 2 + x )e x
x +e
dx
23) I =
dx
25) I =
sin x (x + 1) cos2 x + sin 2x

dx
+
x +1
sin x
tan x + x tan 2x
cos2 2x
dx
HT 50:
Tnh din tch cc hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau:

4
1) y = x 3 3x + 1, y = 0, x = 0, x = 1
2) y =
, y = 0, x = 2, x = 1
2x
1
9
3) y = x 4 + 2x 2 + , y = 0
4) y = e x , y = 2, x = 1
4
4
1
1
, y = 0, x = 2, x = 4 6) y = x 2 2x, y = x 2 + 4x
5) y = x 1 +
2
x 1
7) y =
HT 51:
2x + 1
, y = 0, x = 0
x +1
8) y =
x 2 + x
,y=0
x +1
Tnh th tch cc vt th trn xoay sinh ra khi quay hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng sau quanh trc:
1) y = x , y = 0, x = 3; Ox
2) y = x ln x , y = 0, x = 1, x = e; Ox
3) y = xe x , y = 0, x = 1; Ox
4) y = 4 x 2 , y = x 2 + 2; Ox
5) y 2 = 4 x , x = 0; Oy
6) x = yey , x = 0, y = 1; Oy
Page 21
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
TUYN TP TCH PHN THI I HC 2002 2011

3
HT 52:
(A,A1 2012) I =
1 + ln(x + 1)
x
1
1
HT 53:
(B 2012) I =
x3
x 4 + 3x 2 + 2 dx
0
dx /s: I =
3
/s: I = ln 3 ln 2
2
HT 54:
(D 2012) I =
x (1 + sin 2x )dx /s: I =
HT 55:
(A 2011) I =
HT 56:
(B 2011) I =
c os x
2
0
4
HT 57:
(D 2011) I =
2x + 1 + 2
(A 2010) I =
1 + 2e x
0
e
HT 59:
(B 2010) I =
KQ : I =
dx
x 2 + e x + 2x 2e x
KQ : I =
dx
ln x
x(2 + ln x )2 dx
e
(D 2010) I =
2x x ln x.dx
KQ : I =
(cos
x 1) cos2 x .dx
e2 2
2
KQ : I =
15 4
KQ : I =
1
27
3 + ln
4
16
0
3
HT 62:
(B 2009) I =
3 + ln x
(x + 1)2
dx
HT 63:
(D 2009) I =
dx
ex + 1
3 1
2 3
KQ : I =
(A 2009) I =
1 1 1 + 2e
+ ln
3 2 3
KQ : I = ln
HT 61:
2
+ ln(2 3)
3
34
3
+ 10 ln
3
5
HT 60:
2
+ ln + 1
4
2 4
KQ : I = 3 +
dx
4x 1
HT 58:
2 1
+
32 4
x sin x + (x + 1) cos x
dx
x sin x + cos x
1 + x sin x
2
2
+ ln 3 ln 2
3
3
KQ : ln(e 2 + e + 1) 2
HT 64:
(A 2008) I =
HT 65:
(B 2008) I =
0
2
HT 66:
(D 2008) I =
tan4 x
dx
cos 2x
sin x dx
4
sin 2x + 2(1 + sin x + cos x )
ln x
x
dx
KQ :
1
10
ln(2 + 3)
2
9 3
KQ :
43 2
4
KQ :
3 2 ln 2
16
Page 22
GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 67:
0968.393.899
(A 2007) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng
e
1 (dvdt )
2
(B 2007) Cho hnh phng H gii hn bi cc ng: y = x ln x .y = 0, x = e . Tnh th tch khi trn xoay to
y = (e + 1)x , y = (1 + e x )x
HT 68:
KQ : S =
(5e 3 2)
(dvtt )
27
thnh khi H quay quanh Ox KQ : V =

e
HT 69:
(D 2007) I =
x 3 ln2 xdx
KQ :
HT 70:
(A 2006) I =
sin 2x
c os2x + 4 sin2 x
0
ln 5
HT 71:
(B 2006) I =
dx
dx
ex + 2ex 3
5e 4 1
32
KQ : I =
2
3
KQ : I = ln
ln 3
1
HT 72:
(D 2006) I =
(x 2)e 2x dx
KQ :
HT 73:
(A 2005) I =
sin 2x + sin x
1 + 3 cos x
HT 74:
(B 2005) I =
dx
sin 2x cos x
dx
1 + cos x
3
2
5 3e 2
4
KQ : I =
34
27
KQ : I = 2 ln 2 1
HT 75:
(D 2005) I =
(e
sin x
+ cos x ) cos xdx
KQ : I = e +
0
2
HT 76:
(A 2004) I =
1+
x
x 1)
HT 77:
(B 2004) I =
dx
1 + 3 ln x ln x
dx
x
1
4
KQ : I =
11
4 ln 2
3
KQ : I =
116
135
HT 78:
(D 2004) I =
ln(x
x )dx
KQ : I = 3 ln 3 2
2
2 3
HT 79:
(A 2003) I =
HT 80:
(B 2003) I =
dx
2
KQ :
x x +4
1 5
ln
4 3
1 2 sin2 x
dx
1 + sin 2x
KQ : I =
x 2 x dx
KQ : I = 1
1
ln 2
2
HT 81:
(D 2003) I =
HT 82:
(A 2002) Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi cc ng:
Page 23
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
y = x 2 4x + 3 , y = x + 3
HT 83:
109
(dvdt )
6
(B 2002) Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc ng
y = 4
HT 84:
KQ : S =
x2
x2
,y =
4
4 2
4
KQ : S = 2 + (dvdt )
3
(D 2002) Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc ng y =
3x 1
x 1
vi cc trc ta .
4
KQ : S = 1 + 4 ln (dvdt )
3
Page 24
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
HNH HC KHNG GIAN
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN HNH HC KHNG GIAN

PHN I: CC KHI NIM C BN
QUAN H SONG SONG V QUAN H VUNG GC
1: NG THNG V MT PHNG TRONG KHNG GIAN
I/ KIN THC C BN
1. Xc nh mt mt phng
Ba im khng thng hng thuc mt phng. (mp(ABC), (ABC))
Mt im v mt ng thng khng i qua im thuc mt phng. (mp(A,d))
Hai ng thng ct nhau thuc mt phng. (mp(a, b))
2. Mt s qui tc v hnh biu din ca hnh khng gian
Hnh biu din ca ng thng l ng thng, ca on thng l on thng.
Hnh biu din ca hai ng thng song song l hai ng thng song song, ca hai ng thng ct nhau l
hai ng thng ct nhau.
Hnh biu din phi gi nguyn quan h thuc gia im v ng thng.
ng nhn thy v nt lin, ng b che khut v nt t.
II/ CC DNG TON THNG GP

DNG TON 1: Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
Phng php: Mun tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng ta c th tm hai im chung phn bit ca hai mt phng. Khi
giao tuyn l ng thng i qua hai im chung .
BI TP C BN
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. y ABCD c AB ct CD ti E, AC ct BD ti F.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca cc cp mt phng (SAB) v (SCD), (SAC) v (SBD).
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (SEF) vi cc mt phng (SAD), (SBC).
HT 2. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh tm O. M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca BC, CD, SO. Tm
giao tuyn ca mp(MNP) vi cc mt phng (SAB), (SAD), (SBC) v (SCD).
HT 3. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AC v BC. K l mt im trn cnh BD sao cho KD < KB. Tm
giao tuyn ca mp(IJK) vi (ACD) v (ABD).
HT 4. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AD v BC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (IBC) v (JAD).
b) M l mt im trn cnh AB, N l mt im trn cnh AC. Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (IBC) v (DMN).
HT 5. Cho t din (ABCD). M l mt im bn trong ABD, N l mt im bn trong ACD. Tm giao tuyn ca cc cp
mt phng (AMN) v (BCD), (DMN) v (ABC).
Page 1
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
DNG TON 2: Tm giao im ca ng thng v mt phng

Phng php: Mun tm giao im ca mt ng thng v mt mt phng ta c th tm giao im ca ng thng
vi mt ng thng nm trong mt phng cho.
BI TP C BN
HT 6. Cho t din ABCD. Trn AC v AD ln lt ly cc im M, N sao cho MN khng song song vi CD. Gi O l mt
im bn trong BCD.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (OMN) v (BCD).
b) Tm giao im ca BC v BD vi mt phng (OMN).
HT 7. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M l mt im trn cnh SC.
a) Tm giao im ca AM v (SBD).
b) Gi N l mt im trn cnh BC. Tm giao im ca SD v (AMN).
HT 8. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AC v BC. K l mt im trn cnh BD v khng trng vi
trung im ca BD. Tm giao im ca CD v AD vi mt phng (MNK).
HT 9. Cho t din ABCD. M, N l hai im ln lt trn AC v AD. O l mt im bn trong BCD. Tm giao im ca:
a) MN v (ABO).
b) AO v (BMN).
HT 10. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang, cnh y ln AB. Gi I, J, K l ba im ln lt trn SA, AB, BC.
a) Tm giao im ca IK vi (SBD).
b) Tm cc giao im ca mt phng (IJK) vi SD v SC.
DNG TON 3: Chng minh ba im thng hng, ba ng thng ng qui

Phng php:
Mun chng minh ba im thng hng ta c th chng minh chng cng thuc hai mt phng phn bit.
Mun chng minh ba ng thng ng qui ta c th chng minh giao im ca hai ng thng ny l im
chung ca hai mt phng m giao tuyn l ng thng th ba.
BI TP C BN
HT 11. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Gi I, J l hai im c nh trn SA v SC vi SI > IA v SJ < JC. Mt mt phng (P) quay
quanh IJ ct SB ti M, SD ti N.
a) CMR: IJ, MN v SO ng qui (O =ACBD). Suy ra cch dng im N khi bit M.
b) AD ct BC ti E, IN ct MJ ti F. CMR: S, E, F thng hng.
c) IN ct AD ti P, MJ ct BC ti Q. CMR PQ lun i qua 1 im c nh khi (P) di ng.
HT 12. Cho mt phng (P) v ba im A, B, C khng thng hng ngoi (P). Gi s cc ng thng BC, CA, AB ln lt
ct (P) ti D, E, F. Chng minh D, E, F thng hng.
HT 13. Cho t din ABCD. Gi E, F, G ln lt l ba im trn ba cnh AB, AC, BD sao cho EF ct BC ti I, EG ct AD ti H.
Chng minh CD, IG, HF ng qui.
HT 14. Cho hai im c nh A, B ngoi mt phng (P) sao cho AB khng song song vi (P). M l mt im di ng
trong khng gian sao cho MA, MB ct (P) ti A, B. Chng minh AB lun i qua mt im c nh.
HT 15. Cho t din SABC. Qua C dng mt phng (P) ct AB, SB ti B1, B. Qua B dng mt phng (Q) ct AC, SC ti C1, C.
BB, CC ct nhau ti O; BB1, CC1 ct nhau ti O1. Gi s OO1 ko di ct SA ti I.
HT 16. a) Chng minh: AO1, SO, BC ng qui.
b) Chng minh: I, B1, B v I, C1, C thng hng.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
DNG TON 4: Xc nh thit din ca mt hnh chp vi mt mt phng (i qua 3 im)

Phng php:
Dng 1: Ba im nm trn ba cnh khng ng phng ca hnh chp :
- Xc nh mt phng cha hai im cho trc.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng thng i qua hai im vi giai tuyn ca mt phng cha n vi mt phng
cha im cn li
- Ni cc on thng vi cc giao im v im cho trc xc nh mt phng ct cc cnh ca hnh chp
* Ch trong khi xc nh thit din cn d on mt phng s ct nhng cnh no ca hnh chp d xc
nh
Dng 2: C hai im nm trn hai cnh cn mt im nm trn mt mt ca hnh chp
- Xc nh giao tuyn ca cc mt.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng ni hai im trn 2 cnh cho vi giao tuyn.
- Xc nh giao im ca ng ni im vi im th ba trn mt cho vi cc cnh ca hnh chp.
Ch : Nu hai im trn hai cnh khng cng thuc mt mt bn th tm giao vi cc cnh ko di v xc nh cc
giao im thuc mt phng ct. c bit hai im nm trn hai ng cho nhau cn xc nh mt mt phng cha
mt im trn cnh v im trn mt cho.
Dng 3: C mt im nm trn cnh cn hai im kia nm trn hai mt khc
- Tm mt phng cha hai trong ba im cho sau tm giao im ca ng thng ni hai im y vi mt
mt thch hp ca hnh chp.
- Xc nh giao im ca cc cnh hnh chp vi mt phng thit din.
BI TP C BN
HT 17. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N, I l ba im trn AD, CD, SO. Tm thit din ca
hnh chp vi mt phng (MNI).
HT 18. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh bng a. Ko di BC mt on CE = a. Ko di BD mt on DF=a. Gi M l trung
im ca AB.
a) Tm thit din ca t din vi mt phng (MEF).
b) Tnh din tch ca thit din.
HD:
b)
a2
6
HT 19. Cho hnh chp S.ABC. M l mt im trn cnh SC, N v P ln lt l trung im ca AB v AD. Tm thit din
ca hnh chp vi mt phng (MNP).
HD: Thit din l 1 ng gic.
HT 20. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. Trong SBC, ly mt im M. Trong SCD, ly mt im N.
a) Tm giao im ca MN v (SAC).
b) Tm giao im ca SC vi (AMN).
c) Tm thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD vi mt phng (AMN).
HD:
a) Tm (SMN)(SAC)
b) Thit din l t gic.
HT 21. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca SB, SD v OC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MNP) vi (SAC), v giao im ca (MNP) vi SA.
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (MNP) v tnh t s m (MNP) chia cc cnh SA, BC, CD.
HD:
b) Thit din l ng gic. Cc t s l: 1/3; 1; 1.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
HT 22. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M l trung im ca SB, G l trng tm SAD.
a) Tm giao im I ca GM vi (ABCD). Chng minh (CGM) cha CD.
b) Chng minh (CGM) i qua trung im ca SA. Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi
(CGM).
c) Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi (AGM).

HD:
b) Thit din l t gic
c) Tm (AGM)(SAC). Thit din l t gic.
HT 23. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, M l mt im trn cnh BC, N l mt im trn cnh SD.
a) Tm giao im I ca BN v (SAC) v giao im J ca MN v (SAC).
b) DM ct AC ti K. Chng minh S, K, J thng hng.
c) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD vi mt phng (BCN).
HD:
a) Gi O=ACBD th I=SOBN, J=AIMN

b) J l im chung ca (SAC) v (SDM)
c) Ni CI ct SA ti P. Thit din l t gic BCNP.
HT 24. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang ABCD vi AB//CD v AB > CD. Gi I l trung im ca SC. Mt phng
(P) quay quanh AI ct cc cnh SB, SD ln lt ti M, N.
a) Chng minh MN lun i qua mt im c nh.
b) IM ko di ct BC ti P, IN ko di ct CD ti Q. Chng minh PQ lun i qua 1 im c nh.
c) Tm tp hp giao im ca IM v AN.
HD:
a) Qua giao im ca AI v SO=(SAC)(SBD).
b) im A. c) Mt on thng.
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2: HAI NG THNG SONG SONG

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
a
b
P
2. Tnh cht
Nu ba mt phng phn bit ct nhau tng i mt theo ba giao tuyn phn bit th ba giao tuyn y hoc
ng qui hoc i mt song song.
Nu hai mt phng ct nhau ln lt i qua hai ng thng song song th giao tuyn ca chng song song vi
hai ng thng hoc trng vi mt trong hai ng thng .
Hai ng thng phn bit cng song song vi ng thng th ba th song song vi nhau.
II.
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng song song

Phng php: C th s dng 1 trong cc cch sau:
1. Chng minh 2 ng thng ng phng, ri p dng phng php chng minh song song trong hnh hc
phng (nh tnh cht ng trung bnh, nh l Talt o, )
2. Chng minh 2 ng thng cng song song vi ng thng th ba.
3. p dng nh l v giao tuyn song song.
BI TP C BN
HT 25. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic ABC, ABD. Chng minh IJ//CD.
HT 26. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi y ln AB. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA v SB.
a) Chng minh: MN // CD.
b) Tm giao im P ca SC vi (AND). Ko di AN v DP ct nhau ti I. Chng minh SI // AB // CD. T gic SABI l
hnh g?
HT 27. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N, P, Q, R, S ln lt l trung im ca AB, CD, BC, AD, AC, BD.
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh.
b) T suy ra ba on MN, PQ, RS ct nhau ti trung im ca mi on.
HT 28. Cho tam gic ABC nm trong mt phng (P). Gi Bx, Cy l hai na ng thng song song v nm v cng mt
pha i vi (P). M, N l hai im di ng ln lt trn Bx, Cy sao cho CN = 2BM.
a) Chng minh ng thng MN lun i qua 1 im c nh I khi M, N di ng.
1
EA. IE ct AN ti F. Gi Q l giao im ca BE v CF. CMR AQ song song vi Bx, Cy v
3
(QMN) cha 1 ng thng c nh khi M, N di ng.
b) E thuc on AM v EM =
HT 29. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M, N, P, Q l cc im ln lt nm trn BC, SC, SD, AD sao
cho MN // BS, NP // CD, MQ // CD.
a) Chng minh: PQ // SA. b) Gi K l giao im ca MN v PQ. Chng minh: SK // AD // BC.
c) Qua Q dng cc ng thng Qx // SC v Qy // SB. Tm giao im ca Qx vi (SAB)
v ca Qy vi (SCD).
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Phng php:
Tm mt im chung ca hai mt phng.

p dng nh l v giao tuyn tm phng ca giao tuyn.
Giao tuyn s l ng thng qua im chung v song song vi ng thng y.
BI TP C BN
HT 30. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi y ln AB. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AD, BC v G l
trng tm ca SAB.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (SAB) v (IJG).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (IJG). Thit din l hnh g? Tm iu kin i vi AB v CD
thit din l hnh bnh hnh.
HT 31. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm ca cc tam gic SAB, SAD. M l
trung im ca CD. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (IJM).
HT 32. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh thang vi cc y AD = a, BC = b. Gi I, J ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic
SAD, SBC.
a) Tm on giao tuyn ca (ADJ) vi mt (SBC) v on giao tuyn ca (BCI) vi mt (SAD).
b) Tm di on giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (ADJ) v (BCI) gii hn bi hai mt phng (SAB) v (SCD).
HD:
b)
2
(a+b).
5
HT 33. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh a. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AC, BC. Gi K l mt im trn cnh BD vi KB
= 2KD.
a) Xc nh thit din ca t din vi mt phng (IJK). Chng minh thit din l hnh thang cn.
b) Tnh din tch thit din .
HD:
b)
5a 2 51
288
HT 34. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a, tm O. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u. Ngoi ra SAD = 900.
Gi Dx l ng thng qua D v song song vi SC.
a) Tm giao im I ca Dx vi mp(SAB). Chng minh: AI // SB.
b) Tm thit din ca hnh chp SABCD vi mp(AIC). Tnh din tch thit din.
HD:
b) Tam gic AMC vi M l trung im ca SD. Din tch
a 2 14
8
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3: NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
d // (P) d (P) =
2. Tnh cht
Nu ng thng d khng nm trn mt phng (P) v d song song vi ng thng d nm trong

(P) th d song song vi (P).
Nu ng thng d song song vi mt phng (P) th mi mt phng (Q) cha d m ct (P) th ct

theo giao tuyn song song vi d.
Nu hai mt phng ct nhau cng song song vi mt ng thng th giao tuyn ca chng cng
song song vi ng thng .
Nu hai ng thng a v b cho nhau th c duy nht mt mt phng cha a v song song vi b.
II.
CC DNG TON C BN
DNG TON 1: Chng minh ng thng song song vi mt phng

Phng php: Ta chng minh d khng nm trong (P) v song song vi mt ng thng d no nm trong (P).
BI TP C BN
HT 35. Cho hai hnh bnh hnh ABCD va ABEF khng cng nm trong mt mt phng.
a) Gi O, O ln lt l tm ca ABCD v ABEF. Chng minh OO song song vi cc mt phng (ADF) v (BCE).
b) M, N l 2 im ln lt trn hai cnh AE, BD sao cho AM =
1
1
AE, BN = BD. Chng minh MN // (CDFE).
3
3
HT 36. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD.
a) Chng minh MN song song vi cc mt phng (SBC), (SAD).
b) Gi P l trung im ca SA. Chng minh SB, SC u song song vi (MNP).
c) Gi G1, G2 l trng tm ca cc tam gic ABC, SBC. Chng minh G1G2 // (SBC).
HT 37. Cho t din ABCD. G l trng tm ca ABD. M l 1 im trn cnh BC sao cho MB = 2MC. Chng minh MG //
(ACD).
HD: Chng minh MG song song vi giao tuyn ca (BMG) v (ACD).
HT 38. Cho t din ABCD. Gi O, O ln lt l tm ng trn ni tip cc tam gic ABC, ABD. Chng minh rng:
BC
AB + AC
a) iu kin cn v OO // (BCD) l
=
BD
AB + AD
b) iu kin cn v OO song song vi 2 mt phng (BCD), (ACD)
l BC = BD v AC = AD.
HD: S ng tnh cht ng phn gic trong tam gic.
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HT 39. Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB, CD v G l trung im ca on MN.

a) Tm giao im A ca ng thng AG vi mp(BCD).
b) Qua M k ng thng Mx song song vi AA v Mx ct (BCD) ti M. Chng minh B, M, A thng hng v BM =
MA = AN.
c) Chng minh GA = 3GA.

Phng php: Tm phng ca giao tuyn. T xc nh thit din ca hnh chp to bi mt phng song song vi
mt hoc hai ng thng cho trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 40. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M, N l hai im trn AB, CD. Mt phng (P) qua MN v song song vi SA.
a) Tm cc giao tuyn ca (P) vi (SAB) v (SAC).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (P).
c) Tm iu kin ca MN thit din l hnh thang.
HD:
c) MN // BC
HT 41. Trong mt phng (P), cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, B = 600, AB = a. Gi O l trung im ca BC. Ly im S
ngoi (P) sao cho SB = a v SB OA. Gi M l 1 im trn cnh AB. Mt phng (Q) qua M v song song vi SB v OA,
ct BC, SC, SA ln lt ti N, P, Q. t x = BM (0 < x < a).
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh thang vung.
b) Tnh din tch hnh thang . Tm x din tch ln nht.
HD:
b) SMNPQ =
x (4a 3x )
2a
. SMNPQ t ln nht khi x =
4
3
HT 42. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. M, N l hai im bt k trn SB, CD. Mt phng (P) qua MN v song song vi SC.
a) Tm cc giao tuyn ca (P) vi cc mt phng (SBC), (SCD), (SAC).
b) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi mt phng (P).
HT 43. Cho t din ABCD c AB = a, CD = b. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD. Mt phng (P) i qua mt im
M trn on IJ v song song vi AB v CD.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (P) vi (ICD).
b) Xc nh thit din ca t din ABCD vi (P).
HT 44. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh. Gi C l trung im ca SC, M l 1 im di ng trn cnh SA.
Mt phng (P) di ng lun i qua CM v song song vi BC.
a) Chng minh (P) lun cha mt ng thng c nh.
b) Xc nh thit din m (P) ct hnh chp SABCD. Xc nh v tr im M thit din l hnh bnh hnh.
c) Tm tp hp giao im ca 2 cnh i ca thit din khi M di ng trn cnh SA.
HD:
a) ng thng qua C v song song vi BC.
b) Hnh thang. Hnh bnh hnh khi M l trung im ca SA.

c) Hai na ng thng.
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4: HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
(P) // (Q) (P) (Q) =
2. Tnh cht
Nu mt phng (P) cha hai ng thng a, b ct nhau v cng song song vi mt phng (Q) th (P) song song vi
(Q).
Nu ng thng d song song vi mp(P) th c duy nht mt mp(Q) cha d v song song vi (P).
Hai mt phng phn bit cng song song vi mt phng th ba th song song vi nhau.
Cho mt im A (P). khi mi ng thng i qua A v song song vi (P) u nm trong mt mp(Q) i qua A
v song song vi (P).
Nu mt mt phng ct mt trong hai mt phng song song th cng ct mt phng kia v cc giao tuyn ca
chng song song vi nhau.
Hai mt phng song song chn trn hai ct tuyn song song nhng on thng bng nhau.
nh l Thales: Ba mt phng i mt song song chn trn hai ct tuyn bt k nhng on thng tng ng t l.
nh l Thales o: Gi s trn hai ng thng d v d ln lt ly cc im A, B, C v A, B, C sao cho:
II. CC DNG TON C BN

DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai mt phng song song
Phng php: Chng minh mt phng ny cha hai ng thng ct nhau ln lt song song vi hai ng thng
trong mt phng kia.
BI TP C BN
HT 45. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA, SD.
a) Chng minh (OMN) // (SBC).
b) Gi P, Q l trung im ca AB, ON. Chng minh PQ // (SBC).
HT 46. Cho t din ABCD. Gi I, J l hai im di ng ln lt trn cc cnh AD, BC sao cho lun c:
IA
JB
.
=
ID JC
a) CMR: IJ lun song song vi 1 mt phng c nh.

b) Tm tp hp im M chia on IJ theo t s k cho trc.
HD:
a) IJ song song vi mp qua AB v song song CD.

b) Tp hp im M l on EF vi E, F l cc im chia AB, CD theo t s k.
HT 47. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA v CD.
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a) CMR: (OMN) // (SBC).

b) Gi I l trung im ca SD, J l mt im trn (ABCD) v cch u AB, CD. Chng minh IJ song song (SAB).
c) Gi s hai tam gic SAD, ABC u cn ti A. Gi AE, AF l cc ng phn gic trong ca cc tam gic ACD v
SAB. Chng minh EF // (SAD).
HD:
c) Ch :
ED
EC
FS
FB
HT 48. Cho hai hnh vung ABCD v ABEF trong hai mt phng khc nhau. Trn cc ng cho AC v BF ln lt ly
cc im M, N sao cho: AM = BN. Cc ng thng song song vi AB v t M, N ln lt ct AD, AF ti M, N.
a) Chng minh: (CBE) // (ADF).
b) Chng minh: (DEF) // (MNNM).
c) Gi I l trung im ca MN, tm tp hp im I khi M, N di ng.
HD:
c) Trung tuyn tam gic ODE v t O.

Phng php:
Tm phng ca giao tuyn bng cch s dng nh l: Nu 2 mt phng song song b ct bi 1 mt phng th ba
th 2 giao tuyn song song.
S dng nh l trn xc nh thit din ca hnh chp b ct bi 1 mt phng song song vi 1 mt phng cho
trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 49. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh tm O vi AC = a, BD = b. Tam gic SBD u. Mt mt phng (P)
di ng lun song song vi mp(SBD) v i qua im I trn on AC.
a) Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp vi (P).
b) Tnh din tch thit din theo a, b v x = AI.
HD:
a) Xt 2 trng hp: I OA, I OC . Thit din l tam gic u.
2 2
b x 3
2
b) Sthiet dien =
2a
b (a x )2 3
a2
neu 0 < x <

neu
a
2
a
< x <a
2
HT 50. Cho hai mt phng song song (P) v (Q). Tam gic ABC nm trong (P) v on thng MN nm trong (Q).
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (MAB) v (Q); ca (NAC) v (Q).
b) Tm giao tuyn ca (MAB) v (NAC).
HT 51. T bn nh ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD v bn na ng thng song song cng chiu Ax, By, Cz, Dt khng nm
trong (ABCD). Mt mt phng (P) ct bn na ng thng ti A, B, C, D.
a) Chng minh (Ax,By) // (Cz,Dt).
b) Chng minh ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
c) Chng minh: AA + CC = BB + DD.
HT 52. Cho t din ABCD. Gi G1, G2, G3 ln lt l trng tm cc tam gic ABC, ACD, ADB.
a) Chng minh (G1G2G3) // (BCD).
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b) Tm thit din ca t din ABCD vi mp(G1G2G3). Tnh din tch thit din khi bit din tch tam gic BCD l S.
c) M l im di ng bn trong t din sao cho G1M lun song song vi mp(ACD). Tm tp hp nhng im M.
HD:
b)
4S
9
HT 53. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC. Gi H l trung im ca AB.

a) Chng minh CB // (AHC).
b) Tm giao im ca AC vi (BCH).
c) Mt phng (P) qua trung im ca CC v song song vi AH v CB. Xc nh thit din v t s m cc nh ca
thit din chia cnh tng ng ca lng tr.
HD:c) M, N, P, Q, R theo th t chia cc on CC, BC, AB, AB, AC theo cc t s 1, 1, 3,
1
, 1.
3
HT 54. Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD.

a) Chng minh hai mt phng (BDA) v (BDC) song song.
b) Chng minh ng cho AC i qua cc trng tm G1, G2 ca 2 tam gic BDA, BDC. Chng minh G1, G2 chia
on AC lm ba phn bng nhau.
c) Xc nh thit din ca hnh hp ct bi mp(ABG2). Thit din l hnh g?
HD:
c) Hnh bnh hnh.
HT 55. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD cnh a. Trn AB, CC, CD, AA ln lt ly cc im M, N, P, Q sao cho AM =
CN = CP = AQ = x (0 x a).
a) Chng minh bn im M, N, P, Q ng phng v MP, NQ ct nhau ti 1 im c nh.
b) Chng minh mp(MNPQ) lun cha 1 ng thng c nh.
Tm x (MNPQ) // (ABC).
c) Dng thit din ca hnh lp phng ct bi (MNPQ). Thit din c c im g? Tnh gi tr ln nht v nh
nht ca chu vi thit din.
HD:
a) MP v NQ ct nhau ti tm O ca hnh lp phng.
b) (MNPQ) i qua trung im R, S ca BC v AD. x =
a
.
2
c) Thit din l lc gic MRNPSQ c tm i xng l O.

Chu vi nh nht: 3a 2 ; chu vi ln nht: 2a( 2 + 1).
HT 56. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca (ABC) v (BAC).
b) Gi M, N ln lt l 2 im bt k trn AA v BC. Tm giao im ca BC vi mt phng (AAN) v giao im ca
MN vi mp(ABC).
HT 57. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC. Chng minh rng cc mt phng (ABC), (BCA) v (CAB) c mt im chung O trn
OG
1
.
HD:
on GG ni trng tm ABC v trng tm ABC. Tnh
OG
2
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N TP
HT 58. Cho t din ABCD c AB = 2a, tam gic BCD vung ti C c BD = 2a, BC = a. Gi E l trung im ca BD. Cho bit
(AB,CE ) = 600 .
a) Tnh 2AC2 AD2 theo a.
b) (P) l 1 mt phng song song vi AB v CE, ct cc cnh BC, BD, AE, AC theo th t ti M, N, P, Q. Tnh din tch
t gic MNPQ theo a v x = BM (0 < x < a). Xc nh x din tch y ln nht.
c) Tm x tng bnh phng cc ng cho ca MNPQ l nh nht.
d) Gi O l giao im ca MP v NQ. Tm (P) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 nh nht.
HD:
a) Gi F l trung im ca AD.
Xt CEF = 600 ,CEF = 1200 2AC2 AD2 = 6a2 hoc 2a2.
b) S = x(a x)
3
a
;x=
2
2
c) x =
a
2
d) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 + OD2 = 4OG2 + GA2 + GB2 + GC2 + GD2.

O di ng trn on IJ ni trung im ca AB v CE. Tng nh nht khi O l hnh chiu ca G ln IJ ( G l trng tm
t din ABCD).
HT 59. Cho t din u ABCD cnh a. Gi I, J l trng tm cc tam gic ABC v DBC. Mt phng (P) qua IJ ct cc cnh
AB, AC, DC, DB ti M, N, P, Q.
a) Chng minh MN, PQ, BC ng qui hoc song song v MNPQ thng l hnh thang cn.
b) t AM = x, AN = y. CMR: a(x + y) = 3xy. Suy ra:
4a
3a
.
x +y
3
2
c) Tnh din tch t gic MNPQ theo a v s = x + y.

HD:
b) SAMN = SAMI + SANI
c)
2a s
8as
. s2
.
4
3
HT 60. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD. T gic y c AB v CD ct nhau ti E, AD v BC ct nhau ti F, AC v BD ct nhau ti G.

Mt phng (P) ct SA, SB, SC ln lt ti A, B, C.
a) Tm giao im D ca SD vi (P).
b) Tm iu kin ca (P) AB // CD.
c) Vi iu kin no ca (P) th ABCD l hnh bnh hnh? CMR khi :
SA SC SB SD
+
=
+
SA
SC
SB
SD
d) Tnh din tch t gic ABCD.

HD:
b) (P) // SE.
c) (P) // (SEF). Gi G = ACBD. Chng minh:
d) SABCD =
SA SC 2SG
+
=
SA
SC
SG
a2 3
.
32
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5: HAI NG THNG VUNG GC

I.
KIN THC CN NH
a b (a, b ) = 900
Gi s u l VTCP ca a, v l VTCP ca b. Khi a b u.v = 0 .
Lu : Hai ng thng vung gc vi nhau c th ct nhau hoc cho nhau.
II.
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc

Phng php: C th s dng 1 trong cc cch sau:
1. Chng minh gc gia hai ng thng bng 900.
2. Chng minh 2 vect ch phng ca 2 ng thng vung gc vi nhau.
3. S dng cc tnh cht ca hnh hc phng (nh nh l Pitago, ).
BI TP C BN
HT 61. Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c SA = SB = SC v ASB = BSC = CSA . Chng minh rng SA BC, SB AC, SC
AB.
HD: Chng minh SA.BC = 0
HT 62. Cho t din u ABCD, cnh bng a. Gi O l tm ng trn ngoi tip BCD.
a) Chng minh AO vung gc vi CD.
b) Gi M l trung im ca CD. Tnh gc gia AC v BM.
HD:
b) cos(AC , BM ) =
3
.
6
HT 63. Cho t din ABCD c AB = CD = a, AC = BD = b, AD = BC = c.

a) CMR on ni trung im cc cp cnh i din th vung gc vi 2 cnh .
b) Tnh gc hp bi cc cnh i ca t din.
HD:
b) arccos
a 2 c2
b2
; arccos
b2 c 2
a2
; arccos
a 2 b2
c2
HT 64. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh bnh hnh vi AB = a, AD = 2a, SAB l tam gic vung cn ti A, M l im
trn cnh AD (M A v D). Mt phng (P) qua M song song vi mp(SAB) ct BC, SC, SD ln lt ti N, P, Q.
a) Chng minh MNPQ l hnh thang vung.
b) t AM = x. Tnh din tch ca MNPQ theo a v x.
HT 65. Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c tt c cc cnh u bng nhau. Chng minh rng AC BD, AB CD, AD CB.
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6: NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG

I.
KIN THC CN NH
1. nh ngha
d (P) d a, a (P)
2. iu kin ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
3. Tnh cht
Mt phng trung trc ca mt on thng l mt phng vung gc vi on thng ti trung im ca n.
Mt phng trung trc ca on thng l tp hp cc im cch u hai u mt ca on thng .
4. nh l ba ng vung gc
, a l hnh chiu ca a trn (P). Khi b a b a
Cho
5. Gc gia ng thng v mt phng

Nu d (P) th
Nu
Ch : 00
= 900.
th
vi d l hnh chiu ca d trn (P).
900.
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II.
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CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng. Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc
* Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
chng minh d (P), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d vung gc vi hai ng thng a, b ct nhau nm trong (P).

Chng minh d vung gc vi (Q) v (Q) // (P).
Chng minh d // a v a (P).
* Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc
chng minh d a, ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d vung gc vi (P) v (P) cha a.

S dng nh l ba ng vung gc.
S dng cc cch chng minh bit phn trc.
BI TP C BN
HT 66. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung tm O. SA (ABCD). Gi H, I, K ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca
A trn SB, SC, SD.
a) CMR: BC (SAB), CD (SAD), BD (SAC).
b) CMR: AH, AK cng vung gc vi SC. T suy ra 3 ng thng AH, AI, AK cng nm trong mt mt phng.
c) CMR: HK (SAC). T suy ra HK AI.
HT 67. Cho t din SABC c tam gic ABC vung ti B; SA (ABC).
a) Chng minh: BC (SAB).
b) Gi AH l ng cao ca SAB. Chng minh: AH SC.
HT 68. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O. Bit: SA = SC, SB = SD.
a) Chng minh: SO (ABCD).
b) Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh BA, BC. CMR: IJ (SBD).
HT 69. Cho t din ABCD c ABC v DBC l 2 tam gic u. Gi I l trung im ca BC.
a) Chng minh: BC (AID).
b) V ng cao AH ca AID. Chng minh: AH (BCD).
HT 70. Cho t din OABC c OA, OB, OC i mt vung gc vi nhau. Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca im O trn
mp(ABC). Chng minh rng:
a) BC (OAH).
b) H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC.
c)
1
OH 2
1
OA2
1
OB 2
1
OC 2
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d) Cc gc ca tam gic ABC u nhn.

HT 71. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u; SAD l tam gic vung cn
nh S. Gi I, J ln lt l trung im ca AB v CD.
a) Tnh cc cnh ca SIJ v chng minh rng SI (SCD), SJ (SAB).
b) Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn IJ. CMR: SH AC.
c) Gi M l mt im thuc ng thng CD sao cho: BM SA. Tnh AM theo a.
HD:
a) a,
a a 3
,
2 2
c)
a 5
2
HT 72. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v SC = a 2 . Gi H v K ln
lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v AD.
a) CMR: SH (ABCD).
b) Chng minh: AC SK v CK SD.
HT 73. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh ch nht c AB = a, BC = a 3 , mt bn SBC vung ti B, mt bn SCD
vung ti D c SD = a 5 .
a) Chng minh: SA (ABCD) v tnh SA.
b) ng thng qua A v vung gc vi AC, ct cc ng thng CB, CD ln lt ti I, J. Gi H l hnh chiu ca A
trn SC. Hy xc nh cc giao im K, L ca SB, SD vi mp(HIJ). CMR: AK (SBC), AL (SCD).
c) Tnh din tch t gic AKHL.
HD:
a) a 2 .
c)
8a 2
.
15
HT 74. Gi I l 1 im bt k trong ng trn (O;R). CD l dy cung ca (O) qua I. Trn ng thng vung gc vi
mt phng cha ng trn (O) ti I ta ly im S vi OS = R. Gi E l im i tm ca D trn ng trn (O). Chng
minh rng:
a) Tam gic SDE vung ti S.
b) SD CE.
c) Tam gic SCD vung.
HT 75. Cho MAB vung ti M trong mt phng (P). Trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti A ta ly 2 im C, D hai
bn im A. Gi C l hnh chiu ca C trn MD, H l giao im ca AM v CC.
a) Chng minh: CC (MBD).
b) Gi K l hnh chiu ca H trn AB. CMR: K l trc tm ca BCD.
HT 76. Cho hnh t din ABCD.
a) Chng minh rng: AB CD AC2 AD2 = BC2 BD2.
b) T suy ra nu mt t din c 2 cp cnh i vung gc vi nhau th cp cnh i cn li cng vung gc vi
nhau.
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DNG TON 2: Tm thit din qua mt im v vung gc vi mt ng thng

Phng php: Tm 2 ng thng ct nhau cng vung gc vi ng thng cho, khi mt phng ct s song song
(hoc cha) vi 2 ng thng y.
BI TP C BN
HT 77. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh thang vung ti A v B vi AB = BC = a, AD = 2a; SA (ABCD) v SA = 2a.
Gi M l 1 im trn cnh AB. Mt phng (P) qua M v vung gc vi AB. t AM = x (0 < x < a).
a) Tm thit din ca hnh chp vi (P). Thit din l hnh g?
b) Tnh din tch thit din theo a v x.
HD:
a) Hnh thang vung
b) S = 2a(a x).
HT 78. Cho t din SABC, c y l tam gic u cnh a; SA (ABC) v SA = 2a. Mt phng (P) qua B v vung gc vi
SC. Tm thit din ca t din vi (P) v tnh din tch ca thit din ny.
HD:
S=
a 2 15
.
20
HT 79. Cho t din SABC vi ABC l tam gic vung cn nh B, AB = a. SA (ABC) v SA = a 3 . M l 1 im tu trn
cnh AB, t AM = x (0 < x < a). Gi (P) l mt phng qua M v vung gc vi AB.
a) Tm thit din ca t din vi (P).
b) Tnh din tch ca thit din theo a v x. Tm x din tch thit din c gi tr ln nht.
HD:
b) S =
3 x(a x); S ln nht khi x =
a
.
2
HT 80. Cho hnh t din SABC vi ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA (ABC) v SA = a. Tm thit din ca t din vi mt
phng (P) v tnh din tch thit din trong cc trng hp sau:
a) (P) qua S v vung gc vi BC.
b) (P) qua A v vung gc vi trung tuyn SI ca tam gic SBC.
c) (P) qua trung im M ca SC v vung gc vi AB.
HD:
a)
a2 3
.
4
b)
2a 2 21
.
49
c)
5a 2 3
.
32
HT 81. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a 2 . V ng cao AH ca tam gic
SAB.
SH
2
a) CMR:
= .
SB
3
b) Gi (P) l mt phng qua A v vung gc vi SB. (P) ct hnh chp theo thit din l hnh g? Tnh din tch thit
din.
HD:
b) S =
5a 2 6
18
DNG TON 3: Gc gia ng thng v mt phng

Phng php: Xc nh gc gia ng thng a v mt phng (P).
Tm giao im O ca a vi (P).
Chon im A a v dng AH (P). Khi AOH = (a,(P ))
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BI TP C BN
HT 82. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, tm O; SO (ABCD). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im
ca cc cnh SA v BC. Bit (MN ,(ABCD )) = 600 .
a) Tnh MN v SO.
b) Tnh gc gia MN v (SBD).
HD:
a) MN =
a 10
a 30
; SO =
2
2
b) sin (MN ,(SBD )) =
5
.
5
HT 83. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a; SA (ABCD) v SA = a 6 . Tnh gc gia:
a) SC v (ABCD)
b) SC v (SAB) c) SB v (SAC)
d) AC v (SBC)
HD:
a) 600
b) arctan
c) arcsin
1
14
d) arcsin
21
.
7
HT 84. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l hnh ch nht; SA (ABCD). Cnh SC = a hp vi y gc v hp vi
mt bn SAB gc .
a) Tnh SA.
b) CMR: AB = a cos( + ). cos( ) .
HD:
a) a.sin
HT 85. Cho hnh chp SABC, c ABC l tam gic cn, AB = AC = a, BAC = . Bit SA, SB, SC u hp vi mt phng
(ABC) gc .
a) CMR: hnh chiu ca S trn mp(ABC) l tm ca ng trn ngoi tip ABC.
b) Tnh khong cch t S n mp(ABC).
2 .
b)
cos
a . sin
HD:
HT 86. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC, c y l tam gic u cnh a, AA (ABC). ng cho BC ca mt bn BCCB hp
vi (ABBA) gc 300.
a) Tnh AA.
b) Tnh khong cch t trung im M ca AC n (BAC).
c) Gi N l trung im ca cnh BB. Tnh gc gia MN v (BAC).
HD:
a) a 2 .
b)
a 66
.
11
c) arcsin
54
.
55
HT 87. Cho lng tr ABC.ABC, c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti A; AA (ABC). on ni trung im M ca AB v
trung im N ca BC c di bng a, MN hp vi y gc v mt bn BCCB gc .
a) Tnh cc cnh y v cnh bn ca lng tr theo a v .
b) Chng minh rng: cos =
HD:
2 sin.
a) AB = AC = 2a.cos; BC = 2a 2 cos;
AA = a.sin.
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7 HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

I. KIN THC CN NH
1. Gc gia hai mt phng
a (P )
((P ),(Q )) = (a, b )
b (Q )
a (P ), a c
Gi s (P) (Q) = c. T I c, dng
(P ),(Q ) = (a, b )
b (Q ), b c
Ch :
00 ((P ),(Q )) 900
2. Din tch hnh chiu ca mt a gic
Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H) trong (P), S l din tch ca hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn (Q), = (P ),(Q ) . Khi
:
S = S.cos
3. Hai mt phng vung gc
(P) (Q) (P ),(Q ) = 900
(P ) a
(P ) (Q )
iu kin hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau:
a (Q )
4. Tnh cht
(P ) (Q ),(P ) (Q ) = c
a (Q )
a (P ), a c
(P ) (Q )
a (P )
A (P )
a A, a (Q )
(P ) (Q ) = a
a (R)
(P ) (R)
(Q ) (R)
II.
CC DNH TON
DNG TON 1: Gc gia hai mt phng

Phng php: Mun tm gc gia hai mt phng (P) v (Q) ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau:
Tm hai ng thng a, b: a (P), b (Q). Khi : ((P ),(Q )) = (a, b ) .

a (P ), a c
Gi s (P) (Q) = c. T I c, dng
((P ),(Q )) = (a, b )
b (Q ), b c
BI TP C BN
HT 88. Cho hnh chp SABC, c y ABC l tam gic vung cn vi BA = BC = a; SA (ABC) v
l trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC.
a) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBC).
SA = a. Gi E, F ln lt
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b) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SEF) v (SBC).

HD:
a) (SAC ),(SBC ) = 600 b) cos ((SEF ),(SBC )) =
10
HT 89. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, tm O; SA (ABCD). Tnh SA theo a s o ca gc gia hai mt phng (SCB) v
(SCD) bng 600.
HD:
SA = a.
HT 90. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip ng trn ng knh AB = 2a; SA (ABCD)
v SA = a 3 .
a) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SAD) v (SBC).
b) Tnh gc gia 2 mt phng (SBC) v (SCD).
HD:
a) tan ((SAD ),(SBC )) = 7
b) cos ((SBC ),(SCD )) =
10
.
5
HT 91. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a 3 . Tnh gc gia cc cp mt phng sau:
a) (SBC) v (ABC) b) (SBD) v (ABD)
c) (SAB) v (SCD)
HD:
b) arctan 6
a) 600
HT 92. Cho hnh thoi ABCD cnh a, tm O, OB =
c) 300.
a 3
a 6
; SA (ABCD) v SO =
.
3
3
a) Chng minh ASC vung.

b) Chng minh hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAD) vung gc.
c) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC).
HD:
c) 600.
HT 93. Cho hnh chp SABCD c SA (ABCD) v SA = a 2 , y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D vi AB = 2a, AD =
DC = a. Tnh gc gia cc cp mt phng:
a) (SBC) v (ABC) b) (SAB) v (SBC)
c) (SBC) v (SCD)
HD:
a) 450
b) 600
c) arccos
6
.
3
DNG TON 2: Chng minh hai mt phng vung gc. Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng.
* Chng minh hai mt phng vung gc
chng minh (P) (Q), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh trong (P) c mt ng thng a m a (Q).

Chng minh ((P ),(Q )) = 900
* Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng
chng minh d (P), ta c th chng minh bi mt trong cc cch sau:
Chng minh d (Q) vi (Q) (P) v d vung gc vi giao tuyn c ca (P) v (Q).
Chng minh d = (Q) (R) vi (Q) (P) v (R) (P).
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S dng cc cch chng minh bit phn trc.

BI TP C BN
HT 94. Cho tam gic u ABC, cnh a. Gi D l im i xng vi A qua BC. Trn ng thng vung gc vi mp(ABC)
ti D ly im S sao cho SD = a 6 . Chng minh hai mt phng (SAB) v (SAC) vung gc vi nhau.
HT 95. Cho hnh t din ABCD c hai mt ABC v ABD cng vung gc vi y DBC. V cc ng cao BE, DF ca BCD,
ng cao DK ca ACD.
a) Chng minh: AB (BCD).
b) Chng minh 2 mt phng (ABE) v (DFK) cng vung gc vi mp(ADC).
c) Gi O v H ln lt l trc tm ca 2 tam gic BCD v ADC. CMR: OH (ADC).
HT 96. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung, SA (ABCD).
a) Chng minh (SAC) (SBD).
b) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (SAD) v (SCD).
c) Gi BE, DF l hai ng cao ca SBD. CMR: (ACF) (SBC), (AEF) (SAC).
HD:
b) 900.
Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD). Gi M, N l 2 im ln lt trn 2
a
3a
. Chng minh 2 mt phng (SAM) v (SMN) vung gc vi nhau.
cnh BC, DC sao cho BM = , DN =
2
4
HT 98. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. V BB v CC cng vung gc vi mp(ABC).
a) Chng minh (ABB) (ACC).
HT 97.
b) Gi AH, AK l cc ng cao ca ABC v ABC. Chng minh 2 mt phng (BCCB) v (ABC) cng vung gc
vi mt phng (AHK).
HT 99. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v vung gc vi y. Gi
I l trung im ca AB.
a) Chng minh rng SI (ABCD), AD (SAB).
b) Tnh gc gia BD v mp(SAD).
c) Tnh gc gia SD v mp(SCI).
HD:
b) arcsin
6
4
c) arcsin
10
5
HT 100. Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A c AB = c, AC = b. Gi (P) l mt phng qua BC v vung gc vi mp(ABC); S l 1
im di ng trn (P) sao cho SABC l hnh chp c 2 mt bn SAB, SAC hp vi y ABC hai gc c s o ln lt l
v . Gi H, I, J ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn BC, AB, AC..

2
a) Chng minh rng: SH2 = HI.HJ.
b) Tm gi tr ln nht ca SH v khi hy tm gi tr ca .
HD:
b) SHmax =
1
bc ;
2
= arctan
c
b
HT 101. Cho hnh t din ABCD c AB = BC = a, AC = b, DB = DC = x, AD = y. Tm h thc lin h gia a, b, x, y :

a) Mt phng (ABC) (BCD).
b) Mt phng (ABC) (ACD).
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HD:
a) x2 y2 +
0968.393.899
b2
=0
2
b) x2 y2 + b2 2a2 = 0
HT 102. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) ; M v N l hai im nm trn cc cnh
BC, CD. t BM = x, DN = y.
a) Chng minh rng iu kin cn v hai mt phng (SAM) v (SMN) vung gc vi nhau l MN (SAM). T
suy ra h thc lin h gia x v y.
b) Chng minh rng iu kin cn v gc gia hai mt phng (SAM) v (SAN) c s o bng 300 l a(x + y) +
3 xy = a2 3 .
HD:
a) a2 a(x + y) + x2 = 0
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm I cnh a v c gc A bng 600, cnh SC =
HT 103.
a 6
v SC
2
(ABCD).
a) Chng minh (SBD) (SAC).
b) Trong tam gic SCA k IK SA ti K. Tnh di IK.
c) Chng minh BKD = 900 v t suy ra (SAB) (SAD).
HD:
b) IK =
a
.
2
DNG TON 3: Tnh din tch hnh chiu ca a gic
Phng php: Gi S l din tch ca a gic (H) trong (P), S l din tch ca hnh chiu (H) ca (H) trn (Q), = (P ),(Q )
. Khi :
S = S.cos
BI TP C BN
HT 104. Cho hnh thoi ABCD c nh A trong mt phng (P), cc nh khc khng trong (P), BD = a, AC = a 2 .
Chiu vung gc hnh thoi ln mt phng (P) ta c hnh vung ABCD.
a) Tnh din tch ca ABCD v ABCD. Suy ra gc gia (ABCD) v (P).
b) Gi E v F ln lt l giao im ca CB, CD vi (P). Tnh din tch ca t gic EFDB v EFDB.
HD:
a) 450
b) SEFDB =
3a 2 2
3a 2
; SEFDB =
4
4
HT 105. Cho tam gic cn ABC c ng cao AH = a 3 , y BC = 3a; BC (P). Gi A l hnh chiu ca A trn (P). Khi
ABC vung ti A, tnh gc gia (P) v (ABC).
HD:
300
HT 106. Cho tam gic u ABC cnh a, nm trong mt phng (P). Trn cc ng thng vung gc vi (P) v t B v C
a 2
, CE = a 2 nm cng mt bn i vi (P).
2
a) Chng minh tam gic ADE vung. Tnh din tch ca tam gic ADE.
ly cc on BD =
b) Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (ADE) v (P).

HD:
a)
3a 2
4
b) arccos
3
3
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HT 107. Cho hnh chp SABC c cc mt bn hp vi y mt gc .

a) Chng minh hnh chiu ca S trn mp(ABC) l tm ca ng trn ni tip ABC.
b) Chng minh:
SSAB + SSBC + SSCA =
SABC
cos
HT 108. Cho t din SABC c SA, SB, SC i mt vung gc. Gi H l trc tm ca ABC. Chng minh rng:
a) SH (ABC).
b) (SSBC)2 = SABC.SHBC. T suy ra: (SABC)2 = (SSAB)2 + (SSBC)2 +(SSCA)2.
HT 109. Trong mt phng (P) cho OAB vung ti O, AB = 2a, OB = a. Trn cc tia vung gc vi (P) v t A v B v
v cng mt bn i vi (P), ly AA = a, BB = x.
a) nh x tam gic OAB vung ti O.
b) Tnh AB, OA, OB theo a v x. Chng t tam gic OAB khng th vung ti B. nh x tam gic ny vung ti
A.
c) Cho x = 4a. V ng cao OC ca OAB. Chng minh rng CA AB. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng (OAB) v
(P).
HD:
a) x = 0
b) x = 4ac) arccos
39
26
8 KHONG CCH
I. KIN THC C BN
1. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng, n mt mt phng
d (M , a ) = MH
d (M ,(P )) = MH
trong H l hnh chiu ca M trn a hoc (P).
2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng song song, gia hai mt phng song song
d(a,(P)) = d(M,(P))
trong M l im bt k nm trn a.
d((P),(Q) = d(M,(Q))
trong M l im bt k nm trn (P).
3. Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau

ng thng ct c a, b v cng vung gc vi a, b c gi l ng vung gc
chung ca a, b.
Nu ct a, b ti I, J th IJ c gi l on vung gc chung ca a, b.
di on IJ c gi l khong cch gia a, b.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau bng khong cch gia mt trong hai
phng cha ng thng kia v song song vi n.
ng thng vi mt
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau bng khong cch gia hai mt phng song song ln lt cha
hai ng thng .
Page 23
GV.Lu Huy Thng

II.
0968.393.899
CC DNG TON
DNG TON 1: Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau

Phng php: Dng on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng cho nhau a v b.
Cch 1: Gi s a b:
Dng mt phng (P) cha b v vung gc vi a ti A.

Dng AB b ti B
AB l on vung gc chung ca a v b.
Cch 2: S dng mt phng song song.
Dng mt phng (P) cha b v song song vi a.

Chn M a, dng MH (P) ti H.
T H dng ng thng a // a, ct b ti B.
T B dng ng thng song song MH, ct a ti A.
Ch : d(a,b) = AB = MH = a(a,(P)).
Cch 3: S dng mt phng vung gc.
Dng mt phng (P) a ti O.

Dng hnh chiu b ca b trn (P).
Dng OH b ti H.
T H, dng ng thng song song vi a, ct b ti B.
T B, dng ng thng song song vi OH, ct a ti A.
Ch : d(a,b) = AB = OH.
BI TP C BN
HT 110. Cho hnh t din OABC, trong OA, OB, OC = a. Gi I l trung im ca BC. Hy dng v tnh di on
vung gc chung ca cc cp ng thng:
a) OA v BC.
b) AI v OC.
HD:
a)
a 2
2
b)
a 5
5
HT 111. Cho hnh chp SABCD, y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = a. Tnh khong cch gia
hai ng thng:
a) SC v BD.
b) AC v SD.
HD:
a)
a 6
6
b)
a 3
3
HT 112. Cho t din SABC c SA (ABC). Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic ABC v SBC.
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a) Chng minh ba ng thng AH, SK, Bc ng qui.

b) Chng minh SC (BHK), HK (SBC).
c) Xc nh ng vung gc chung ca BC v SA.
HD: c) Gi E = AH BC. ng vung gc chung ca BC v SA l AE.
HT 113. a) Cho t din ABCD. Chng minh rng nu AC = BD, AD = BC th dng vung gc chung ca AB v CD l
ng ni cc trung im I, K ca hai cnh AB v CD .
b) Chng minh rng nu ng thng ni cc trung im I, K ca hai cnh AB v CD ca t din ABCD l ng
vung gc chung ca AB v CD th AC = BD, AD = BC.
HD: b) Gi s BC = a, AD = a, AC = b, BD = b. Chng minh a = a, b = b.
a 3
. Gi M, N, P ln lt
2
l trung im ca cc cnh BC, SD, SB. Hy dng v tnh di on vung gc chung ca cc cp ng thng:
a) NP v AC
b) MN v AP.
HT 114. Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh bng a, I l trung im ca AB. Dng IS (ABCD) v IS =
HD:
a)
a 3
a
b)
4
2
DNG TON 2: Tnh khong cch t mt im n ng thng, mt phng. Khong cch gia ng thng v
mt phng song song. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song
tnh khong cch t mt im n ng thng (mt phng) ta cn xc nh on vung gc v t im n
ng thng (mt phng).
BI TP C BN
HT 115. Cho hnh chp SABCD, c SA (ABCD) v SA = a 6 , y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn
ng kinh AD = 2a.
a) Tnh cc khong cch t A v B n mt phng (SCD).
b) Tnh khong cch t ng thng AD n mt phng (SBC).
c) Tnh din tch ca thit din ca hnh chp SABCD vi mt phng (P) song song vi mp(SAD) v cch (SAD)
mt khong bng
a 3
.
4
HD: a) d(A,(SCD)) = a 2 ;
d(B,(SCD)) =
a 2
2
b)
a 6
a2 6
c)
3
2
HT 116. Cho hnh lng tr ABC.ABC c AA (ABC) v AA = a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti A c BC = 2a, AB = a 3 .
a) Tnh khong cch t AA n mt phng (BCCB).
b) Tnh khong cch t A n (ABC).
c) Chng minh rng AB (ACCA) v tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (ABC).
HD:
a)
a 3
a 21
b)
2
7
c)
a 2
2
HT 117. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD) v SA = 2a.
a) Tnh khong cch t A n mp(SBC), t C n mp(SBD).
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b) M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB v AD. Chng minh rng MN song song vi (SBD) v tnh khong cch t
MN n (SBD).
c) Mt phng (P) qua BC ct cc cnh SA, SD theo th t ti E, F. Cho bit AD cch (P) mt khong l
a 2
, tnh
2
khong cch t S n mt phng (P) v din tch t gic BCFE.

HD:
a) a 2 ;
a 2
2
b)
a 6
a2 6
c)
3
2
HT 118. Cho hai tia cho nhau Ax, By hp vi nhau gc 600, nhn AB = a lm on vung gc chung. Trn By ly im C
vi BC = a. Gi D l hnh chiu ca C trn Ax.
a) Tnh AD v khong cch t C n mp(ABD).
b) Tnh khong cch gia AC v BD.
HD:
a) AD =
a
;
2
d(C,(ABD)) =
a 3
2
b)
a 93
31
HT 119. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v BAD = 600 . Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.
3a
ng thng SO (ABCD) v SO =
. Gi E l trung im ca BC, F l trung im ca BE.
4
a) Chng minh (SOF) (SBC).
b) Tnh cc khong cch t O v A n (SBC).HD:
b) d(O,(SBC)) =
3a
3a
, d(A,(SBC)) =
.
8
4
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TM TT L THUYT QUAN H SONG SONG V QUAN H VUNG GC

A.QUAN H SONG SONG
1.NG THNG V MT PHNG SONG SONG
I. nh ngha:
ng thng v mt phng gi l
song song vi nhau nu chng
khng c im no chung.
a / /(P ) a (P ) =
(P)
II.Cc nh l:
L1:Nu ng thng d khng
nm trn mp(P) v song song vi
ng thng a nm trn mp(P) th
ng thng d song song vi
mp(P)
L2: Nu ng thng a song
song vi mp(P) th mi mp(Q)
cha a m ct mp(P) th ct theo
giao tuyn song song vi a.
d (P )
d / /a d / /(P )
a (P )
a
(P)
(Q)
a / /(P )
a (Q )
d / /a
(P ) (Q ) = d
a
d
(P)
L3: Nu hai mt phng ct nhau
cng song song vi mt ng
thng th giao tuyn ca chng
song song vi ng thng .
(P ) (Q ) = d
(P ) / /a
d / /a
(Q ) / /a
a
Q
P
2.HAI MT PHNG SONG SONG

I. nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi l song
song vi nhau nu chng khng c
im no chung.
(P ) / /(Q ) (P ) (Q ) =
P
Q
II.Cc nh l:
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L1: Nu mp(P) cha hai ng

thng a, b ct nhau v cng song
song vi mt phng (Q) th (P)
v (Q) song song vi nhau.
a, b (P )
a b = I
(P ) / /(Q )
a / /(Q ), b / /(Q )
L2: Nu mt ng thng nm
mt trong hai mt phng song
song th song song vi mt phng
kia.
(P ) / /(Q )
a / /(Q )
a (P )
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v

(Q) song song th mi mt phng
(R) ct (P) th phi ct (Q) v
cc giao tuyn ca chng song
song.
a
b I
a
P
Q
(P ) / /(Q )
(R) (P ) = a a / /b
(R) (Q ) = b
B.QUAN H VUNG GC
1.NG THNG VUNG GC VI MT PHNG

I.nh ngha:
Mt ng thng c gi l
vung gc vi mt mt phng nu
n vung gc vi mi ng thng
nm trn mt phng .
a mp(P ) a c, c (P )
a
II. Cc nh l:
L1: Nu ng thng d vung
gc vi hai ng thng ct nhau a
v b cng nm trong mp(P) th
ng thng d vung gc vi
mp(P).
d a , d b
a , b mp(P ) d mp(P )
a , b cat nhau
b
P
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L2: (Ba ng vung gc) Cho

ng thng a khng vung gc
vi mp(P) v ng thng b nm
trong (P). Khi , iu kin cn v
b vung gc vi a l b vung
gc vi hnh chiu a ca a trn (P).
a
a mp(P ), b mp(P )
b a b a'
a'
2.HAI MT PHNG VUNG GC

I.nh ngha:
Hai mt phng c gi l vung gc vi nhau nu gc gia chng bng 900.
II. Cc nh l:
L1:Nu mt mt phng cha

mt ng thng vung gc vi
mt mt phng khc th hai mt
phng vung gc vi nhau.
L2:Nu hai mt phng (P) v

(Q) vung gc vi nhau th bt
c ng thng a no nm trong
(P), vung gc vi giao tuyn ca
(P) v (Q) u vung gc vi mt
phng (Q).
Q
a
a mp(P )
mp(Q ) mp(P )
a mp(Q )
(P ) (Q )
(P ) (Q ) = d a (Q )
a (P ), a d
d
L3: Nu hai mt phng (P) v
(Q) vung gc vi nhau v A l
mt im trong (P) th ng
thng a i qua im A v vung
gc vi (Q) s nm trong (P)
P
(P ) (Q )
A (P )
a (P )
A a
a (Q )
a
A
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L4: Nu hai mt phng ct

nhau v cng vung gc vi mt
phng th ba th giao tuyn ca
chng vung gc vi mt phng
th ba.
(P ) (Q ) = a
(P ) (R)
a (R)
(Q ) (R)
3.KHONG CCH
1. Khong cch t 1 im ti 1 ng thng , n

1 mt phng:
Khong cch t im M n ng thng a (hoc
n mt phng (P)) l khong cch gia hai im M
v H, trong H l hnh chiu ca im M trn
ng thng a ( hoc trn mp(P))
O
H
a
d(O; a) = OH; d(O; (P)) = OH
2. Khong cch gia ng thng v mt phng

song song:
Khong cch gia ng thng a v mp(P) song song
vi a l khong cch t mt im no ca a n
mp(P).
d(a;(P)) = OH
3. Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song:
O
P
l khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt phng

ny n mt phng kia.
d((P);(Q)) = OH
4.Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau:
l di on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng

.
d(a;b) = AB
b
B
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4.GC
1. Gc gia hai ng thng a v b

l gc gia hai ng thng a v b cng i qua mt
im v ln lt cng phng vi a v b.
a'
b'
b
2. Gc gia ng thng a khng vung gc vi

mt phng (P)
l gc gia a v hnh chiu a ca n trn mp(P).

c bit: Nu a vung gc vi mt phng (P) th ta
ni rng gc gia ng thng a v mp(P) l 900.
a'
3. Gc gia hai mt phng

l gc gia hai ng thng ln lt vung gc vi
hai mt phng .
Hoc l gc gia 2 ng thng nm trong 2 mt
phng cng vung gc vi giao tuyn ti 1 im
4. Din tch hnh chiu: Gi S l din tch ca a gic

(H) trong mp(P) v S l din tch hnh chiu (H) ca
(H) trn mp(P) th
a
P
S ' = S cos
trong l gc gia hai mt phng (P),(P).
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KIN THC C BN HNH HC PHNG

1. H thc lng trong tam gic vung : cho ABC vung A ta c :
a)
nh l Pitago : BC 2 = AB 2 + AC 2
b)
BA2 = BH .BC ; CA2 = CH .CB
c)
AB. AC = BC. AH
1
1
1
=
+
2
2
AH
AB
AC 2
BC = 2AM
b
c
b
c
sin B = , c osB = , tan B = , cot B =
a
a
c
b
d)
e)
f)
g)
b = a. sinB = a.cosC, c = a. sinC = a.cosB, a =
A
b
c
B
b
b
,
=
sin B
cos C
b = c. tanB = c.cot C
2.H thc lng trong tam gic thng:
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA
* nh l hm s Csin:
a
b
c
=
=
= 2R
sin A sin B
sin C
* nh l hm s Sin:
3. Cc cng thc tnh din tch.
a/ Cng thc tnh din tch tam gic:

S =
1
1
a .b.c
a +b +c
a.ha = a.b sin C =
= p.r = p.(p a )(p b )(p c) vi p =
2
2
4R
2
c bit :* ABC vung A : S =
1
AB.AC ,* ABC u cnh a: ..
2
b/ Din tch hnh vung : S = cnh x cnh

c/ Din tch hnh ch nht : S = di x rng
d/ Din tch hnh thoi : S =
1
(cho di x cho ngn)
2
d/ Din tch hnh thang : S =
1
(y ln + y nh) x chiu cao
2
e/ Din tch hnh bnh hnh : S = y x chiu cao

f/ Din tch hnh trn : S = .R2
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KIN THC C BN HNH HC KHNG GIAN 12

A. TH TCH KHI A DIN
I/ Cc cng thc th tch ca khi a din:
1. TH TCH KHI LNG TR:

V= B.h
h
B : dien tch ay
vi
h : chieu cao
a) Th tch khi hp ch nht:

V = a.b.c
vi a,b,c l ba kch thc
a
b) Th tch khi lp phng:

V = a3
c
b
a
vi a l di cnh
2. TH TCH KHI CHP:
V=
1
Bh
3
B : dien tch ay
vi
h : chieu cao
3. T S TH TCH T DIN:
Cho khi t din SABC v A, B, C l cc im

ty ln lt thuc SA, SB, SC ta c:
C'
A'
B'
VSABC
SA SB SC
=
VSA ' B 'C '
SA ' SB ' SC '
C
B
4. TH TCH KHI CHP CT:

V =
h
B + B '+ BB '
3
A'
B'
C'
)
A
B, B' : dien tch hai ay

vi
h : chieu cao
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Ch :
1/ ng cho ca hnh vung cnh a l d = a 2 ,
ng cho ca hnh lp phng cnh a l d = a 3 ,
ng cho ca hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc a, b, c l d =
2/ ng cao ca tam gic u cnh a l h =
a 2 + b2 + c2 ,
a 3
2
3/ Hnh chp u l hnh chp c y l a gic u v cc cnh bn u bng

nhau ( hoc c y l a gic u, hnh chiu ca nh trng vi tm ca y).
4/ Lng tr u l lng tr ng c y l a gic u.
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II. CC DNG TON

A. TH TCH KHI CHP
HT 1.
Dng ton 1: Khi chp c cnh bn vung gc vi y

Cho hnh chp SABC c SB = SC = BC = CA = a . Hai mt (ABC) v (ASC) cng vung gc vi (SBC). Tnh th tch
HT 2.
12
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi AC = a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB hp
vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .

HT 3.
3 3
/s: V = a
hnh chp.
/s: V = a
24
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v (SBC) hp vi y
(ABC) mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .
/s: V = a
HT 4. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a v SA vung gc y ABCD v mt bn (SCD) hp
vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD. Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD).
a3 3
a 3
/s: V =
d=
3
2
HT 5. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA=BC=a bit SA vung gc vi y ABC v SB
hp vi (SAB) mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch hnh chp .
HT 6.
3
s: V = a 2
Cho hnh chp SABC c SA vung gc vi y (ABC) v SA = h ,bit rng tam gic ABC u v mt (SBC) hp vi
y ABC mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi chp SABC .
3
s: V = h 3
HT 7. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung ti A v SB vung gc vi y ABC bit SB = a,SC hp vi (SAB) mt gc
30o v (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 60o .Chng minh rng SC2 = SB2 + AB2 + AC2 Tnh th tch hnh chp.
3
s: V = a 3
27
HT 8. Cho t din ABCD c AD (ABC) bit AC = AD = 4 cm,AB = 3 cm, BC = 5 cm.
1) Tnh th tch ABCD.
s: V = 8 cm3
2) Tnh khong cch t A n mt phng (BCD).
s: d = 12
34
Cho khi chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi BC = 2a , gc BAC = 120o , bit SA (ABC ) v mt
a3
s: V =
(SBC) hp vi y mt gc 45o . Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung bit

SA (ABCD),SC = a v SC hp vi y mt gc 60o Tnh th tch khi chp
s: V
a3 3
48
HT 11. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht bit rng SA (ABCD) , SC hp vi y mt gc 45o v
AB = 3a, BC = 4a . Tnh th tch khi chp.
s: V = 20a3
HT 12. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A bng 60o v SA (ABCD) ,bit rng
a3 2
khong cch t A n cnh SC = a. Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
HT 13. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v B bit AB = BC = a , AD = 2a , SA (ABCD) v
a3 6
(SCD) hp vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th thch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
HT 14. Cho khi chp SABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R bit mt
3R3
(SBC) hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o.Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.
s: V =
Dng ton 2: Khi chp c mt bn vung gc vi y
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung c cnh a. Mt bn SAB l tam gic u nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi yABCD. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. Tnh th tch khi
/s: V = a
chp SABCD.
3 3
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HT 2. Cho t din ABCD c ABC l tam gic u ,BCD l tam gic vung cn ti D , (ABC) (BCD) v AD hp vi (BCD)
/s : V = a
mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch t din ABCD.
HT 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, c BC = a. Mt bn SAC vung gc vi y, cc mt
bn cn li u to vi mt y mt gc 450. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AC.
a3
12
HT 4. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC vung cn ti A vi AB = AC = a bit tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt
a3
phng vung gc vi (ABC) ,mt phng (SAC) hp vi (ABC) mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch ca SABC.
s: V =
/s: V =
Tnh th tch khi chp SABC.
12
HT 5.
Cho hnh chp SABC c
BAC
= 90o ; ABC
= 30o ; SBC l tam gic u cnh a v (SAB) (ABC). Tnh th

s: V
tch khi chp SABC.
a2 2
24
Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u;tam gic SBC c ng cao SH = h v (SBC) (ABC). Cho bit
4h 3 3
SB hp vi mt (ABC) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
s: V =
HT 6.
T din ABCD c ABC v BCD l hai tam gic u ln lt nm trong hai mt phng vung gc vi nhau bit
a3 6
s: V =
AD = a .Tnh th tch t din.
HT 7.
36
HT 8. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung . Mt bn SAB l tam gic u c ng cao SH = h ,nm
trong mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Chng minh rng chn ng cao khi chp trng vi trung im cnh AB. Tnh
4h 3
th tch khi chp SABCD .
s: V =
HT 9.
Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht , tam gic SAB u cnh a nm trong mt phng vung gc vi
(ABCD) bit (SAC) hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
HT 10. Cho hnh chp SABCD c ABCD l hnh ch nht c AB = 2a , BC = 4a, SAB
(SAD) cng hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
s:
V=
a3 3
4
(ABCD) , hai mt bn (SBC) v

8a3 3
s: V =
9
HT 11. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi vi AC = 2BD = 2a v tam gic SAD vung cn ti S , nm trong
mt phng vung gc vi ABCD. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABCD.
s:
V=
a3 5
12
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AD = CD = a ; AB = 2a bit tam gic SAB u
nm trong mt phng vung gc vi (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD .
s:
V=
Dng ton 3: Khi chp u
a3 3
2
HT 1. Cho chp tam gic u SABC cnh y bng a v cnh bn bng 2a. Chng minh rng chn ng cao k t S ca
hnh chp l tm ca tam gic u ABC. Tnh th tch chp u SABC .
/s: V = a
3 11
12
HT 2. Cho khi chp t gic SABCD c tt c cc cnh c di bng a . Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.
/s: V = a
Tnh th tch khi chp SABCD.

HT 3.
Cho khi t din u ABCD cnh bng a, M l trung im DC. Tnh th tch khi t din u ABCD. Tnh khong
cch t M n mp(ABC). Suy ra th tch hnh chp MABC.
/s:
V=
a3 2
24
HT 4. Cho hnh chp u SABC c cnh bn bng a hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o . Tnh th tch hnh chp.
s: V = 3a
16
HT 5. Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh bn a, gc y ca mt bn l 45o. Tnh di chiu cao SH ca chp
SABC. Tnh th tch hnh chp SABC.
3
s: SH = a V = a
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HT 6. Cho hnh chp tam gic u SABC c cnh y a v mt bn hp vi y mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp
s:
SABC.
V=
a3 3
24
HT 7. Cho chp tam gic u c ng cao h hp vi mt mt bn mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
3
s: V = h 3
HT 8. Cho hnh chp tam gic u c ng cao h v mt bn c gc nh bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
/s:
HT 9. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c cnh y a v
V=
h3 3
8
ASB = 60o . Tnh tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh chp

/s: S = a
a3 2
3
6
HT 10. Cho hnh chp t gic u SABCD c chiu cao h ,gc nh ca mt bn bng 60o. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
u. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
/s:
V=
V=
2h3
3
HT 11. Cho hnh chp t gic u c mt bn hp vi y mt gc 45o v khong cch t chn ng cao ca chp n
/s:
mt bn bng a. Tnh th tch hnh chp.
V=
8a3 3
3
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c tt c cc cnh bng nhau. Chng minh rng SABCD l chp t gic u.Tnh cnh ca
hnh chp ny khi th tch ca n bng V = 9a
Dng ton 4: Phng php t s th tch
2.
/s: AB = 3a
HT 1. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c tam gic ABC vung cn B, AC = a 2 ,SA vung gc vi y ABC , SA = a
Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABC. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC, mt phng ( ) qua AG v song song vi BC ct SC,
SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.AMN.
HT 2.
Cho tam gic ABC vung cn A v
im D sao cho
a3
2a 3
;VS .AMN =
6
27
AB = a . Trn ng thng qua C v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC) ly
CD = a . Mt phng qua C vung gc vi BD, ct BD ti F v ct AD ti E. Tnh th tch khi t din
ABCD. Tnh th tch khi t din CDEF.

HT 3.
/s: VS .ABC =
Cho khi chp t gic u SABCD. Mt mt phng
hai phn khi chp b phn chia bi mt phng .
36
/s: VABCD = a ;VD.CEF = a
( ) qua A, B v trung im M ca SC . Tnh t s th tch ca

VSABMN
3
/s:
=
V ABMN . ABCD 5
HT 4. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD, y l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn to vi y gc 600 . Gi M l trung im
SC. Mt phng i qua AM v song song vi BD, ct SB ti E v ct SD ti F. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.AEMF.
/s: VS . ABCD
a3 6
=
6
VAEMF =
a3 6
.
18
HT 5. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA vung gc y, SA = a 2 . Gi B, D l hnh
chiu ca A ln lt ln SB, SD. Mt phng (ABD) ct SC ti C. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Tnh th tch khi chp
a3 2
2a 3 2
;VS .AB 'C ' D ' =
3
9
Cho t din ABCD. Gi B' v C' ln lt l trung im ca AB v AC. Tnh t s th tch ca khi t din AB'C'D v
S.ABCD.
HT 6.
khi t din ABCD.
/s : VS .ABCD =
/s:
k=
1
4
HT 7. Cho t din ABCD c th tch 9m3 ,trn AB,AC,AD ln lt ly cc im B',C',D' sao cho AB = 2AB' ;2AC = 3AD'
;AD = 3AD'. Tnh t tch t din AB'C'D'.
/s: V = 2 m3
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 8.
0968.393.899
Cho t din u ABCD c cnh a. Ly cc im B';C' trn AB v AC sao cho
a
2a
AB = ;AC' = . Tnh th tch t
2
3
/s: V = a
2
36
din AB'C'D.
HT 9. Cho t dinABCD c th tch 12 m3 .Gi M,P l trung im ca AB v CD v ly N trn AD sao cho DA = 3NA.
Tnh th tch t din BMNP.
/s: V = 1 m3
HT 10. Cho hnh chp SABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh
a 3 ,ng cao SA = a.Mt phng qua A v vung gc

/s:
vi SB ti H v ct SC ti K. Tnh th tch hnh chp SAHK.
V=
a3 3
40
HT 11. Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 27m3 .Ly A'trn SA sao cho SA = 3SA'. Mt phng qua A' v song song
vi y hnh chp ct SB,SC,SD ln lt ti B',C',D' .Tnh th tch hnh chp SA'B'C'D'.
/s: : V = 1 m3
3
HT 12. Cho hnh chp SABCD c th tch bng 9m , ABCD l hnh bnh hnh , ly M trn SA sao cho 2SA = 3SM. Mt
phng (MBC) ct SD ti N.Tnh th tch khi a din ABCDMN .
/s: : V = 4m3
HT 13. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, chiu cao SA = h. Gi N l trung im SC. Mt phng cha AN
2
/s: V = a h
v song song vi BD ln lt ct SB,SDF ti M v P. Tnh th tch khi chp SAMNP.
HT 14. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v I l trung im ca SC.Mt phng qua AI v song song
/s:
vi BD chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn.Tnh t s th tch 2 phn ny.
k=
1
2
HT 15. Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh v ly M trn SA sao cho SM = x Tm x mt phng
SA
/s: x = 5 1
(MBC) chia hnh chp thnh 2 phn c th tch bng nhau.
B. TH TCH KHI LNG TR

Dng ton 1: Khi lng tr ng c chiu cao hay cnh y
HT 1. y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic ABC vung cn ti A c cnh BC = a 2 v bit A'B = 3a.
Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 2
HT 2. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD' c cnh bn bng 4a v ng cho 5a. Tnh th tch khi lng tr ny.
/s: V = 9a 3
HT 3. y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u cnh a = 4 v bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 8. Tnh
th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = 8 3
HT 4. Cho hnh hp ng c y l hnh thoi cnh a v c gc nhn bng 600 ng cho ln ca y bng ng cho
3
nh ca lng tr. Tnh th tch hnh hp .
/s:V = a 6
2
HT 5. Cho lng tr ng c y l tam gic u bit rng tt c cc cnh ca lng tr bng a. Tnh th tch v tng din
tch cc mt bn ca lng tr.
/s: V = a
3 ; S = 3a2
HT 6. Cho lng tr ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c y l t gic u cnh a bit rng BD' = a 6 . Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
/s: V = 2a3
HT 7. Cho lng tr ng t gic u c tt c cc cnh bng nhau v bit tng din tch cc mt ca lng tr bng 96
cm2 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V = 64 cm3
HT 8. Cho lng tr ng tam gic c cc cnh y l 19,20,37 v chiu cao ca khi lng tr bng trung bnh cng cc
cnh y. Tnh th tch ca lng tr.
/s: V = 2888
HT 9. Cho hnh hp ch nht c 3 kch thc t l thun vi 3,4,5 bit rng di mt ng cho ca hnh hp l 1
m.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
/s: V = 0,4 m3
HT 10. Cho hnh hp ch nht bit rng cc ng cho ca cc mt ln lt l
ny .
/s: V = 6
5; 10; 13 . Tnh th tch khi hp
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Dng ton 2: Lng tr ng c gc gia ng thng v mt phng

HT 1.
Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit A'B hp vi
y ABC mt gc 600 . Tnh th tch lng tr.
3
/s: a 3
2
HT 2. Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic. vung ti A vi AC = a , ACB = 60 o bit BC'
hp vi (AA'C'C) mt gc 300. Tnh AC' v th tch lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 6
HT 3. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v ng cho BD' ca lng tr hp vi
y ABCD mt gc 300. Tnh th tch v tng din tch ca cc mt bn ca lng tr . /s: V
2
a 3 6 S = 4a 6
3
3
Cho hnh hp ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v BAD = 60o bit AB' hp vi y (ABCD)
3a 3
mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch ca hnh hp.
/s: V =
HT 4.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung cn ti B bit A'C = a v A'C hp vi mt bn (AA'B'B) mt gc
a3 2
30o . Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 5.
16
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti B bit BB' = AB = a v B'C hp vi y (ABC) mt gc 30o .
a3 3
Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 6.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit AB' hp vi mt bn (BCC'B') mt gc 30o
a3 3
. Tnh di AB' v th tch lng tr
/s: AB ' = a 3 ;V =
HT 7.
ACB = 60o bit BC' hp vi mt bn

3a 2 3
(AA'C'C) mt gc 30o. Tnh th tch lng tr v din tch tam gic ABC'. /s: V = a 3 6 , S =
2
HT 8.
Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC vung ti A bit AC = a v
Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC A'B'C' c khong cch t A n mt phng (A'BC) bng a v AA' hp vi mt
32a 3
phng (A'BC) mt gc 300. Tnh th tch lng tr
/s: V =
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c ng cho A'C = a v bit rng A'C hp vi (ABCD) mt gc 30o v
a3 2
hp vi (ABB'A') mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch ca khi hp ch nht. /s: V =
HT 11. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v BD' = a . Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng
hp sau y:
1. BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
a3 3
a3 2
2. BD' hp vi mt bn (AA'D'D) mt gc 30o .
/s: 1)V =
2)V =
16
HT 12. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AB = a ; AD = b ; AA' = c v BD' = AC' = CA' = a 2 + b2 + c2
1. Chng minh ABCD A'B'C'D' l hp ch nht.
2. Gi x,y,z l gc hp bi mt ng cho v 3 mt cng i qua mt ng thuc ng cho. Chng minh rng:
sin2 x + sin2 y + sin2 z = 1 .
Dng ton 3: Lng tr ng c gc gia hai mt phng

Cho lng tr ng tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B vi BA = BC = a ,bit (A'BC) hp
a3 3
vi y (ABC) mt gc 600 .Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 1.
HT 2.
y ca lng tr ng tam gic ABC.ABC l tam gic u. Mt (ABC) to vi y mt gc 300 v din tch tam
gic ABC bng 8. Tnh th tch khi lng tr.

/s: V = 8 3
HT 3. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh y a v mt phng (BDC') hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc
a3 6
/s:
60o.Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
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Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = 2a ; mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y (ABCD) mt gc 60o v A'C hp
16a 3 2
vi y (ABCD) mt gc 30o .Tnh th tch khi hp ch nht.
/s: V =
HT 4.
Cho hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c AA' = a bit ng cho A'C hp vi y ABCD mt gc 30o v mt (A'BC)
2a 3 2
hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 . Tnh th tch hp ch nht.
/s: V =
HT 5.
HT 6. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung v cnh bn bng a bit rng mt (ABC'D') hp
vi y mt gc 30o.Tnh th tch khi lng tr.
/s: V = 3a3
HT 7. Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B v AC = 2a bit rng (A'BC) hp vi y
ABC mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V = a 3 2
Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A vi AB = AC = a v
a3 3
(A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 8.
BAC = 120o bit rng
Cho lng tr ng ABCA'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v BB' = AB = h bit rng (B'AC) hp vi y
h3 2
ABC mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch lng tr.
/s: V =
HT 9.
HT 10. Cho lng tr ng ABC A'B'C' c y ABC u bit cnh bn AA' = a

Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (A'BC) hp vi y ABC mt gc 60o .
2. A'B hp vi y ABC mt gc 45o.
3. Chiu cao k t A' ca tam gic A'BC bng di cnh y ca lng tr.
a3 3
/s: 1) V = a 3 3 ; 2) V =
;V=
a3 3
HT 11. Cho lng tr t gic u ABCD A'B'C'D' c cnh bn AA' = 2a .Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau
y:
1. Mt (ACD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 45o .
2. BD' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 600 .
3. Khong cch t D n mt (ACD') bng a .
16a 3
/s: 1) V = 16a3 . 2) V = 12a3 .3) V =
HT 12. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a

Tnh th tch lng tr trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
2. Tam gic BDC' l tam gic u.
a3 6
; 2) V = a 3 ; V = a 3 2
2
HT 13. Cho lng tr ng ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc nhn A = 60o .Tnh th tch lng tr
trong cc trng hp sau y:
1. Mt phng (BDC') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 60o .
/s: 1) V =
3. AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 450
2. Khong cch t C n (BDC') bng

3. AC' hp vi y ABCD mt gc 450
a
2
/s: 1) V =
3a 3 3
3a 3 2
3a 3
; 2) V =
;V=
4
8
2
HT 14. Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD A'B'C'D' c BD' = 5a ,BD = 3a. Tnh th tch khi hp trong cc trng hp sau
y:
1. AB = a
2. BD' hp vi AA'D'D mt gc 30o
3. (ABD') hp vi y ABCD mt gc 300
/s: 1) V = 8a 3 2 ; 2) V = 5a 3 11 ; V = 16a 3
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Dng ton 4: Khi lng tr xin

HT 1.
Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a , bit cnh bn l
ABC mt gc 60o. Tnh th tch lng tr. 3a
a 3
v hp vi y
HT 2. Cho lng tr xin tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a . Hnh chiu ca A' xung (ABC) l tm
O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC bit AA' hp vi y ABC mt gc 60 .Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
a3 3
Tnh th tch lng tr .
HT 3.
Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD c y l hnh ch nht vi AB =

450
3 AD = 7 .Hai mt bn (ABBA) v (ADDA)
ln lt to vi y nhng gc
v
. Tnh th tch khi hp nu bit cnh bn bng 1. V = 3
HT 4. Cho lng tr ABCD A'B'C'D'c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a v bit cnh bn bng 8 hp vi y ABC mt
gc 30o.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =336
HT 5. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D'c AB =a;AD =b;AA' = c v BAD = 30o v bit cnh bn AA' hp vi y ABC
600.
mt gc 60o.Tnh th tch lng tr.

s: V =
HT 6.
2a 3
3
abc 3
4
Cho lng tr tam gic ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a v im A' cch u A,B,C bit AA' =
a3 3
.Tnh th tch lng tr. s: V =
HT 7. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, nh A' c hnh chiu trn (ABC) nm trn ng cao AH
ca tam gic ABC bit mt bn BB'C'C hp vio y ABC mt gc 60o .
1. Chng minh rng BB'C'C l hnh ch nht.
3a 3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr ABC A'B'C'.
s: V =
HT 8. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Cnh b CC' = a hp vi y ABC 1 gc 60o v C' c
hnh chiu trn ABC trng vi O .
1. Chng minh rng AA'B'B l hnh ch nht. Tnh din tch AA'B'B.
a2 3
3a 3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr ABCA'B'C'.
s: 1) S =
2) V =
HT 9. Cho lng tr ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a bit chn ng vung gc h t A' trn ABC trng
vi trung im ca BC v AA' = a.
1. Tm gc hp bi cnh bn vi y lng tr.
a3 3
2. Tnh th tch lng tr.
s: 1) 30o 2) V =
HT 10. Cho lng tr xin ABC A'B'C' c y ABC l tam gic u vi tm O. Hnh chiu ca C' trn (ABC) l O.Tnh th
tch ca lng tr bit rng khong cch t O n CC' l a v 2 mt bn AA'C'Cv BB'C'C hp vi nhau mt gc 90o
27a 3
s: V =
4 2
HT 11. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c 6 mt l hnh thoi cnh a,hnh chiu vung gc ca A' trn(ABCD) nm trong hnh
thoi,cc cnh xut pht t A ca hp i mt to vi nhau mt gc 60o .
1. Chng minh rng H nm trn ng cho AC ca ABCD.
2. Tnh din tch cc mt cho ACC'A' v BDD'B'.
a3 2
3. Tnh th tch ca hp. s: 2) SACC ' A ' = a 2 2; SBDD ' B ' = a 2 . 3) V =
2
HT 12. Cho hnh hp ABCD A'B'C'D' c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a v gc
A = 60o chn ng vung gc h t B' xung ABCD trng vi giao im 2 ng cho y bit BB' = a.
1. Tm gc hp bi cnh bn v y.
2. Tnh th tch v tng din tch cc mt bn ca hnh hp.
3a 3
s: 1) 60o 2) V =
& S = a 2 15
4
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N TP KHI CHP V LNG TR

Cho t din ABCD c AD vung gc vi mt phng (ABC), AD = 3a, AB = 2a, AC = 4a, BAC = 60
HT1.
0.
Gi H, K
ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn AC v CD. ng thng HK ct ng thng AD ti E. Chng minh rng BE
vung gc vi CD v tnh th tch khi t din BCDE theo a . /s: V =
26 3a 3
9
Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic cn ti A, AB = 2a, BAC = 1200 . Bit SBA = SCA = 900 , gc
HT2.
gia hai mt phng (SBC) v mt phng (ABC) bng 450. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC theo a , tnh gc gia hai mt
phng (SAB ) v (ABC ).
4 2a 3
= 450
3
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a , SA vung gc vi y. Gc to bi SC v mt phng
/s: V =
HT3.
(SAB) bng 300. Gi E l trung im ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng DE, SC
38
2a 3
d=
3
19
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, bit AB = 2a, AD = a. Trn cnh AB ly im M sao cho
theo a . /s: V =
HT4.
AM =
a
, cnh AC ct MD ti H. Bit SH vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SH = a. Tnh th tch khi chp S .HCD
2
4a 3
2a
;d =
15
3
HT5. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a , mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh SB, BC, CD. Tnh th tch khi t din CMNP
v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SD v AC theo a . /s: V =
3 3
a 21
a ;R =
12
3
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht. AB = 2a, AD = 4a SA (ABCD ) v gc gia hai ng
v xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABCD. /s :V =

HT6.
thng SC v mt phng (ABCD) bng 300 . Gi H, M ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC, N trn cnh AD sao cho DN = a .
8 15a 3
2a 35
;d =
9
7
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = 2a . Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt
Tnh th tch khi chp S .AHMN v khong cch gia hai ng thng MN v SB. /s: V =
HT7.
phng (ABCD) trng vi trng tm tam gic BCD. ng thng SA to vi mt phng (ABCD) mt gc 450. Tnh th tch
4 2a 3
2 2a
;d =
3
11
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a . Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt phng (ABCD)
ca khi chp S .ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC v SD theo a . /s: V =
HT8.
mt gc bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t A n mt phng (SBC) theo a . /s: V =
d=
a 3 15
;
9
3a 5
57
HT9.
Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c SA vung gc vi y, ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = 3a 2, BC = 3a. Gi M l
trung im ca CD v gc gia (ABCD) vi (SBC) bng 600. Chng minh rng (SBM ) (SAC ) v tnh th tch t din
(SABM). /s: V = 9a 3 3
HT10. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng 2a. Mt phng (SAB) vung gc vi mt phng
y, SA = a, SB = a 3. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng SB v AC theo a . /s:
V =
2 3a 3
2 5a
;d =
3
5
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HT11. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh thang, BAD = ADC = 900 , AB = 3a, AD = CD = SA = 2a,
SA (ABCD ). Gi G l trng tm SAB , mt phng (GCD ) ct SA, SB ln lt ti M, N. Tnh theo a th tch khi
chp S .CDMN v khong cch gia hai ng thng DM, BC . /s: V =
16 3
4a
a ;d =
9
14
HT12. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh 2a , SA = a, SB = a 3, BAD = 600 , (SAB ) (ABCD ) ,
gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v cosin gc gia hai ng thng SM, DN.
/s: V = a 3 ;d =
3
4
HT13. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht tm O, AB = a, BC = a 3, tam gic SOA cn ti S v mt
phng (SAD ) vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD ) . Bit gc gia SD v (ABCD) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD
v khong cch gia SB, AC.
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT14. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AC = a, BC = 2a . Mt phng (SAC ) to vi (ABC)
/s: V =
gc 600. Hnh chiu H ca S trn (ABC) l trung im ca cnh BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia hai
ng thng HA v SB theo a .
/s: V =
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT15. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht tm O, AB = a, BC = a 3, tam gic SOA cn ti S v mt
phng (SAD) vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD). Bit gc gia SD v (ABCD) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v
khong cch gia SB, AC. /s: V =
2a 3 3
3a
;d =
3
4
HT16. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AD = a 2,CD = 2a, cnh SA vung gc vi y. Gi K l
trung im ca CD, gc gia hai mt phng (SBK ) v (ABCD ) bng 600. Chng minh BK vung gc vi mt phng
(SAC). Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCK theo a .
2a 3
3
HT17. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, SA vung gc vi y. Gc to bi SC v mt
/s: V =
phng (SAB) bng 300. Gi E l trung im ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch gia hai ng thng
2a 3
38
;d =
3
19
HT18. Cho hnh chp S.ACBD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn c ng knh
DE, SC theo a . /s: V =
AD = 2a, SA (ABCD ), SA = a 6, H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Tm th tch khi chp H.SCD v tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng AD v SC. /s: V =
a 6
3a 3 2
d=
14
3
HT19. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c ABC vung cn ti C, AB = 3a, SB =
a 14
. Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC ,
2
3a 3
;d = a 3
4
Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y l tam gic vung ti A, AB = AC = a, M l trung im ca AB, hnh chiu vung
SG (ABC ). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t im B n mt phng (SAC). /s: V =
HT20.
gc ca S trn mt phng (ABC) trng vi tm O ng trn ngoi tip tam gic BMC, gc gia ng thng SB v mt
phng (ABC) bng 600. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t C n mt phng (SAB). /s:
V =
a 3 30
a 130
;d =
24
13
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HT21. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn ng knh
AD = 2a, SA (ABCD ), SA = a 6, H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Tm th tch khi chp H.SCD v tnh
khong cch gia hai ng thng AD v SC. /s: V =
3a 3 2
a 6
;d =
14
3
HT22. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vung ti A v D, AD = DC , AB = 2AD, BC = a 2. Tam
gic SBC cn ti S v nm trong mt phng vung gc vi y, SA hp vi y gc 450. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ACBD
10a
10a 3
;d=
4
3
HT23. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a , tam gic SAB u nm trong mt phng vung gc
vi y. Gi M, N, P, K ln lt l trung im ca BC, CD, SD, SB. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABMN. Tnh khong cch gia
hai ng thng MK v AP.
v khong cch gia hai ng thng SA, BC theo a . /s: V =
/s: V =
5 3a 3
3a
;d =
48
2 5
HT24. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh bng 2a(a > 0) SA = a, SB = a 3, BAC = 600 , mt
phng (SAB) vung gc vi y. M, N ln lt l trung im ca AB, BC. Tnh th tch khi t din NSDC. Tnh cosin gc
gia hai ng thng SM v DN.
a3
5
; cos =
4
4 7
/s:V =
HT25. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht AB = 2a, tam gic SAB cn ti S v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi (ABCD). Gi M l trung im ca SD, mt phng (ABM) vung gc vi mt phng (SCD) v ng
thng AM vung gc vi ng thng BD. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCM v khong cch t M n mt phng (SBC).
HT26. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c cc cnh bn SA = SB = SD = a; y ABCD l hnh thoi c gc BAD = 600 v mt
3 3a 3
16
HT27. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a , mt bn SAB l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi y. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din S.ABC. /s:
phng (SDC ) to vi (ABCD) mt gc 300. Tnh th tch hnh chp S.ABCD. /s: V =
V =
a3 3
a 21
;R =
6
6
HT28. Cho lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c (A1BC ) to vi y gc 600 , tam gic A1BC c din tch bng 8 3. Gi M,
N ln lt l trung im ca BB1 v CC1. Tnh th tch khi t din A1AMN . Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng
A1B v AC . /s: V = 16 3; d = 3
HT29. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, 2AC = BC = 2a. Mt phng (SAC) to vi mt
phng (ABC) mt gc 600. Hnh chiu ca S ln mt phng (ABC) l trung im H ca BC. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC
a3 3
3a
;d =
4
4
Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung. SA = a v vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). M, N ln lt
v khong cch gia hai ng thng AH v SB. /s: V =

HT30.
l trung im ca AD, DC. Gc gia mt phng (SBM) v mt phng (ABC) bng 450. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABNM v
khong cch t D n mt phng (SBM).
/s: V =
25a 3
a
;d =
24
2
HT31. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A, B; AB = BC = a. SA vung gc vi mt phng
a3
2
HT32. Cho hnh chp S .ABC c y l tam gic vung cn ti B, BA = a . Tam gic SAC cn ti S v nm trong mt
phng vung gc vi mt phng (ABC). Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca SA, BC bit gc gia MN vi mt phng (ABC)
(ABCD), SA = a. Khong cch t D n mt phng (SAC) bng a 2. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD. /s: V =
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bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau AC, MN theo a . /s:
a 30
30a 3
;d =
12
16
HT33. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c SA vung gc vi y, ABCD l na lc gic u ni tip trong ng trn ng
V =
3a 3
. Tnh th tch khi
8
chp S.ABCD theo a v cosin ca gc to bi hai ng thng SO, AD, vi O l giao im ca AC v BD. .s:
knh AD, AD = 2a. Gi I l trung im ca AB, bit khong cch t I ti mt phng (SCD) bng
V =
a3 3
21
; cos =
4
7
HT34. Cho hnh chp S .ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O, cnh 4a v ABC = 600. Hnh chiu ca nh S trn
mt phng (ABCD) l trung im H ca OA. Gc gia hai mt phng (SCD) v mt phng y bng 600. Tnh th tch ca
khi chp S.ABCD theo a v cosin gc to bi ng thng OA v mt phng (SCD). /s: V = 12 3a 3 ; cos =
7
4
HT35. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c di cnh bng 3 v im M thuc cnh CC 1 sao cho CM = 2. Mt
phng (P) i qua A, M v song song vi BD chia khi lp phng thnh hai khi a din. Tnh th tch hai khi a din
. /s: V1 = 9;V2 = 18
HT36. Cho hnh lng tr ABC .A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AB = a, BC = 2a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca
im A1 trn mt phng (ABC) trng vi trung im ca AC. Gc gia hai mt phng (BCC1B1 ) v (ABC) bng 600 .
Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch gia hai ng thng AA1 v BC theo a . /s: V =
3a 3 3
3a
;d =
8
4
HT37. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c cc cnh bng a . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A1B1
v B1C1. Tnh th tch khi t din AD1MN theo a . Tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng AM v D1N . /s:
V =
a3
3a
;d =
8
21
HT38. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c AB = a, AC = 2a, AA1 = 2a 5 v BAC = 1200. Gi K l trung im
ca CC1. Tnh th tch khi chp A.A1BK . Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din A1B1BK . Gi I l trung
im ca BB1, tnh khong cch t I n mt phng (A1BK ). /s: V =
a 3 15
a 21
a 5
;R =
;d =
3
2
6
HT39. Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 c on ni hai tm ca hai mt bn k nhau c di bng a . Tnh
theo a th tch khi lp phng ABCD.A1B1C1D1 v khong cch gia hai ng thng AC1 v B1D1. /s: V = 2 2a 3 ;
d=
a
3
HT40. Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1 c y l tam gic u. Gi M l trung im ca cnh BB1. Bit ng
thng A1B,CM vung gc vi nhau v cch nhau mt khong bng a
3
. Tnh theo a th tch khi lng tr
10
ABC .A1B1C1. /s: V = 2a 3 3

HT41. Cho lng tr ng ABC .A1B1C1, c y ABC l tam gic u cnh bng a . Gi G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC,
bit rng khong cch t im G n mt phng (A1BC ) bng
a
15
. Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr ABC .A1B1C1 v
cosin gc gia hai ng thng A1B v AC 1.
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/s: V =
0968.393.899
3a 3
5
; cos =
4
8
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TUYN TP THI I HC CC NM
HT 1.
AA1 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic vung ti A, ABC = 300 , SBC l tam gic u cnh a v mt
bn SBC vung gc vi y. Tnh theo a th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t C n mt phng (SAB ). /s:
V =
a3
a 39
;d =
16
13
HT 2. B 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAB l tam gic u v nm trong mt phng
vung gc vi mt phng y. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t A n mt phng (SCD). /s:
V =
a3 3
a 21
;d =
6
7
D 13 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thoi cnh a, cnh bn SA vung gc vi y, BAD = 1200, M l
HT 3.
trung im ca cnh BC v SMA = 450. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.ABCD v khong cch t im D n mt
a3
a 6
;d =
4
4
AA1 12 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y l tam gic u cnh a. Hnh chiu vung gc ca S trn mt phng (ABC)
phng (SBC). /s: V =

HT 4.
l im H thuc cnh AB sao cho HA = 2HB. Gc gia ng thng SC v mt phng (ABC) bng 600 . Tnh th tch
khi chp S .ABC v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng SA v BC theo a.
/S: V =
a3 7
a 42
; d(SA, BC ) =
12
8
HT 5. B 12 Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC vi SA = 2a, AB = a . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn cnh
SC. Chng minh rng SC vung gc vi (ABH). Tnh th tch ca khi chp S.ABH theo a.
/s: V =
7 11a 3
96
HT 6. D 12 Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A ' B ' C ' D ' c y l hnh vung, tam gic A ' AC vung cn, A 'C = a . Tnh
th tch khi t din ABB 'C ' v khong cch t im A n mt phng (BCD) theo a.
/s: V =
a3 2
a 6
; d (A,(BCD ')) =
48
6
HT 7. A 11 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung cn ti B, AB = BC = 2a; hai mt phng (SAB) v
(SAC) cng vung gc mt phng (ABC). Gi M l trung im ca AB; mt phng qua SM v song song vi BC, ct AC ti N.
Bit gc gia hai mt phng (SBC) v (ABC) bng 600. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM v khong cch gia hai ng
thng AB v SN theo a.
/s: V = a 3 3;d (AB, SN ) =
2a 39
13
HT 8. B 11 Cho lng tr ABCD.A ' B ' C ' D ' c y ABCD l hnh ch nht, AB = a, AD = a 3. Hnh chiu vung
gc ca im A trn mt phng (ABCD) trng vi giao im ca AC v BD. Gc gia hai mt phng (ADDA) v (ABCD)
bng 600. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v khong cch t im B n mt phng (ABD) theo a.
/s: V =
HT 9.
3a 3
a 3
;d =
2
2
D 11 Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B, BA = 3a, BC = 4a; mt phng (SBC) vung gc
vi mt phng (ABC). Bit SB = 2a 3 v SBC = 300. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABC v khong cch t im B n mt
phng (SAC) theo a.
/s: V = 2a 3 3; d (B,(SAC )) =
6a 7
7
HT 10. A 10 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Gi M v N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh
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AB v AD; H l giao im ca CN vi DM. Bit SH vung gc vi mt phng (ABCD) v SH = a 3. Tnh th tch khi chp
S.CDNM v khong cch gia hai ng thng DM v SC theo a.
/s: V =
5 3a 3
2 3a
;d =
24
19
HT 11. B 10 Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC .A ' B 'C ' c AB = a, gc gia hai mt phng (A ' BC ) v (ABC)
bng 600 . Gi G l trng tm tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi lng tr cho v tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t
din G.ABC theo a.
/s: V =
3a 3 3
7a
;R =
8
12
HT 12. D 10 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, cnh bn SA = a; hnh chiu vung gc ca S
trn mt phng (ACBD) l im H thuc on AC, AH =
AC
. Gi CM l ng cao tam gic SAC. Chng minh M l trung
4
im ca SA v th tch khi t din SMBC theo a.

/s: V =
a 3 14
48
HT 13. A - 09 Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang vung ti A v D; AB = AD = 2a;CD = a, gc gia hai mt
phng (SBC) v (ABCD) bng 600. Gi I l trung im ca cnh AD. Bit mt phng (SBI) v (SCI) cng vung gc vi mt
phng (ABCD). Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
/s: V =
3 15a 3
5
HT 14. B 09 Cho hnh lng tr tam gic ABC.ABC c BB ' = a, gc gia ng thng BB v mt phng (ABC) bng
600 ; tam gic ABC vung ti C v BAC = 600. Hnh chiu vung gc ca im B ln mt phng (ABC) trng vi trng
tm ca tam gic ABC. Tnh th tch khi t din AABC theo a.
/s: V =
9a 3
208
HT 15. D 09 Cho hnh lng tr ng ABC.ABC c y l tam gic vung ti B. Gi s AB = a ; AA ' = 2a; AC ' = 3a.
Gi M l trung im ca AC v I l giao im ca AM v AC. Tnh th tch t din IABC. Tm khong cch t A ti (IBC).
/s: V =
4a 3
2a 5
;d =
9
5
HT 16. (A08) Cho lng tr ABC. ABC c di cnh bn bng 2a, y ABC l tam gic vung ti A, AB = a, AC = a 3
v hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn (ABC) l trung im ca BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp A.ABC v cosin ca
gc gia 2 ng thng AA v BC.
HD:
V =
a3
1
;cos =
2
4
HT 17. (B08): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, SA = a, SB = a 3 v (SAB) vung gc mt
y. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im AB, BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca khi chp S.BMDN v cosin ca gc gia hai ng
thng SM v DN.
HD:
V =
a3 3
;
3
cos =
5
5
HT 18. (D08): Cho lng tr ng ABC. ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB = BC = a, cnh bn AA = a 2 . Gi M l
trung im ca BC. Tnh theo a th tch ca lng tr ABC.ABC v khong cch gia 2 ng thng AM, BC. HD:
2a 3
a 7
;
d=
2
7
HT 19. (A07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, mt bn SAD l tam gic u v nm trong
V =
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mt phng vung gc vi y. Gi M, N, P ln lt l trung im SB, BC, CD. Chng minh AM BP v tnh th tch khi
3a 3
96
HT 20. (B07): Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a. Gi E l im i xng ca D qua
trung im ca SA; M l trung im ca AE, N l trung im ca BC. Chng minh MN BD v tnh khong cch gia hai
CMNP. HD:
V =
ng thng MN v AC. HD:
d=
a 2
4
HT 21. (D07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang vi ABC = BAD = 900 , BC = BA = a, AD = 2a.
SA(ABCD), SA = a 2 . Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB. Chng minh tam gic SCD vung v tnh khong
a
cch t H n (SCD). HD:
d=
3
HT 22. (A06): Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng a. Trn
ng trn y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O ly im B sao cho AB = 2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din
OOAB. HD:
V =
3a 3
12
HT 23. (B06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a, AD = a 2 , SA = a v SA (ABCD).
Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AD, SC; I l giao im ca BM v AC. Chng minh rng (SAC) (SMB). Tnh th tch
a3 2
36
HT 24. (D06): Cho hnh chp tam gic S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA = 2a v SA (ABC ) . Gi M, N ln
lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SC. Tnh th tch ca hnh chp A.BCMN.
ca khi t din ANIB. HD:
HD:
V =
V =
3 3a 3
50
HT 25. (D b 1 B07): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung tm O, SA (ABCD). AB = a, SA = a 2 . Gi
H, K ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SD. Chng minh SC(AHK) v tnh th tch ca t din OAHK.
HD:
V =
2a 3
27
HT 26. (D b 2 B07): Trong mt phng (P), cho na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R v im C thuc na ng
trn sao cho AC = R. Trn ng thng vung gc vi (P) ti A ly im S sao cho (SAB),(SBC) = 600 . Gi H, K ln
lt l hnh chiu ca A trn SB, SC. Chng minh tam gic AHK vung v tnh th tch t din SABC.
HD:
V =
R3 6
12
HT 27. (D b 1 D07): Cho lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c y ABC l tam gic vung, AB = AC = a, AA1 = a 2 . Gi M, N
ln lt l trung im on AA1 v BC1. Chng minh MN l ng vung gc chung ca AA1 v BC1. Tnh th tch ca t
din MA1BC1.
HD:
V =
a3 2
12
HT 28. (D b 2 D07): Cho lng tr ng ABC.A1B1C1 c tt c cc cnh u bng a. M l trung im ca on AA1.

Chng minh BM B1C v tnh khong cch gia hai ng thng BM v B1C.
HD:
d=
a 30
10
a 3
v BAD = 600 . Gi M,
2
N ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh A'D' v A'B'. Chng minh AC' (BDMN). Tnh th tch khi chp A.BDMN.
HT 29. (D b 1 A06): Cho hnh hp ng ABCD.A'B'C'D' c cc cnh AB = AD = a, AA' =
HD:
V =
3a 3
16
HT 30. (D b 2 A06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB = a, AD = 2a, cnh SA vung gc
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vi y, cnh SB to vi mt phng y mt gc 600. Trn cnh SA ly im M sao cho AM =
a 3
. Mt phng (BCM) ct
3
cnh SD ti N. Tnh th tch khi chp S.BCNM.

HD:
V =
10 3 3
a
27
HT 31. (D b 1 B06): Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, BAD = 600 , SA (ABCD), SA = a. Gi
C' l trung im ca SC. Mt phng (P) i qua AC' v song song vi BD, ct cc cnh SB, SD ln lt ti B', D'. Tnh th tch
khi chp S.AB'C'D'.
HD:
V =
a3 3
18
HT 32. (D b 2 B06): Cho hnh lng tr ABC.A'B'C' c A'ABC l hnh chp tam gic u, cnh y AB = a, cnh bn AA'
= b. Gi l gc gia hai mt phng (ABC) v (A'BC). Tnh tan v th tch khi chp A'.BB'C'C.
HD:
tan =
2 3b 2 a 2
;
a
V =
a 2 3b 2 a 2
6
HT 33. (D b 1 D06): Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a. Gi SH l ng cao ca hnh chp.
Khong cch t trung im I ca SH n mt phng (SBC) bng b. Tnh th tch khi chp S.ABCD.
HD:
V =
2
a 3b
.
3 a 2 16b 2
2
a
3
. Mt phng () i qua A, K v song song vi BD, chia khi lp phng thnh hai khi a din. Tnh th tch ca hai khi
a din .
HT 34. (D b 2 D06): Cho hnh lp phng ABCD.ABCD c cnh bng a v im K thuc cnh CC sao cho CK =
HD:
V1 =
a3
;
3
V2 =
2a 3
3
HT 35. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, cnh bn SA = 5 . Mt mt phng (P)
i qua AB v vung gc vi mp(SCD) ln lt ct SC v SD ti C v D. Tnh th tch ca khi a din ADD.BCC. HD:
V =
5a 3 3
6
HT 36. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh ch nht vi AB =a, AD = a 2 , SA (ABCD). Gi M,N ln lt l
trung im ca AD v SC, I l giao im ca BM v AC.
a) Chng minh mp(SAC) BM.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi t din ANIB.
HT 37. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh 2a, cnh bn SA = a 5 . Mt mt phng (P)
i qua AB v vung gc vi mp(SCD) ln lt ct SC v SD ti C v D. Tnh th tch ca khi a din ADD.BCC.
HD: Ghp thm khi S.ABC'D' vo khi ADD'.BCC' th c khi SABCD
V =
5a 3 3
6
HT 38. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic u cnh a, SA = 2a v SA (ABC).Gi M v N ln lt l hnh chiu
ca A trn cc ng thng SB v SC. Tnh th tch khi chp A.BCNM.
2 2
SA SM SN
16
SA
3a 3 3
HD:
=
.
.
=
V =
=
SB 2
VSABC
SA SB SC
25
50
VSAMN
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PHN III: KHI TRN XOAY

I. KIN THC CN NH
I. Mt cu Khi cu:
1. nh ngha
Mt cu:
S (O; R) = {M OM = R} Khi cu:
V (O; R) = {M OM R}
2. V tr tng i gia mt cu v mt phng

Cho mt cu S(O; R) v mt phng (P). Gi d = d(O; (P)).
Nu d < R th (P) ct (S) theo giao tuyn l ng trn nm trn (P), c tm H v
bn knh r = R2 d 2 .
Nu d = R th (P) tip xc vi (S) ti tip im H. ((P) gl tip din ca (S))

Nu d > R th (P) v (S) khng c im chung.
Khi d = 0 th (P) i qua tm O v gl mt phng knh, ng trn giao tuyn c bn knh bng R gl ng trn ln.
3. V tr tng i gia mt cu v ng thng
Cho mt cu S(O; R) v ng thng . Gi d = d(O; ).
Nu d < R th ct (S) ti hai im phn bit.
Nu d = R th tip xc vi (S). ( gl tip tuyn ca (S)).
Nu d > R th v (S) khng c im chung.
4. Mt cu ngoi tip ni tip
Mt cu ngoi tip
Tt c cc nh ca hnh a din u nm
trn mt cu
Hnh tr
Hai ng trn y ca hnh tr nm trn
mt cu
Hnh nn
Mt cu i qua nh v ng trn y
ca hnh nn
5. Xc nh tm mt cu ngoi tip khi a din
Hnh a din
Mt cu ni tip
Tt c cc mt ca hnh a din u tip
xc vi mt cu
Mt cu tip xc vi cc mt y v mi
ng sinh ca hnh tr
Mt cu tip xc vi mt y v mi
ng sinh ca hnh nn
Cch 1: Nu (n 2) nh ca a din nhn hai nh cn li di mt gc vung th tm ca mt cu l trung

im ca on thng ni hai nh .
Cch 2: xc nh tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
Xc nh trc ca y ( l ng thng vung gc vi y ti tm
ng trn ngoi tip a gic y).
Xc nh mt phng trung trc (P) ca mt cnh bn.
Giao im ca (P) v l tm ca mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
II. Din tch Th tch
Cu
Din tch
S = 4R
Tr
Sxq = 2Rh
Nn
Sxq = Rl
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
Th tch
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V =
4
R 3
3
Stp = Sxq + 2Say
Stp = Sxq + Say
V = R2h
V =
1
R2h
3
II. CC DNG TON

DNG TON 1: Mt cu Khi cu
HT 1.
Cho hnh chp S.ABC c y ABC l tam gic vung ti B v SA (ABC ) .
a) Gi O l trung im ca SC. Chng minh: OA = OB = OC = SO. Suy ra bn im A, B, C, S cng nm trn mt cu tm O

bn knh R =
SC
.
2
b) Cho SA = BC = a v AB = a 2 . Tnh bn knh mt cu ni trn.

HT 2. Trong mt phng (P), cho ng thng d v mt im A ngoi d. Mt gc xAy di ng quanh A, ct d ti B v C.
Trn ng thng qua A vung gc vi (P) ly im S. Gi H v K l cc hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB v SC.
a) Chng minh A, B, C, H, K thuc cng mt mt cu.
b) Tnh bn knh mt cu trn, bit AB = 2, AC = 3, BAC = 600 .
HT 3. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung cnh a, SA (ABCD ) v SA = a 3 . Gi O l tm hnh
vung ABCD v K l hnh chiu ca B trn SC.
a) Chng minh ba im O, A, K cng nhn on SB di mt gc vung. Suy ra nm im S, D, A, K B cng nm trn mt
cu ng knh SB.
b) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ni trn.
HT 4.
Cho mt cu S(O; a) v mt im A, bit OA = 2a. Qua A k mt tip tuyn tip xc vi (S) ti B v cng qua A k
mt ct tuyn ct (S) ti C v D, bit CD = a 3 .

a) Tnh AB.
b) Tnh khong cch t O n ng thng CD.
HT 5. Cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC, c cnh y bng a v gc hp bi mt bn v y bng 600. Gi O l tm ca
tam gic ABC. Trong tam gic SAO dng ng trung trc ca cnh SA, ct SO ti K.
a) Tnh SO, SA.
b) Chng minh SMK SOA ( vi M l trung im ca SA). Suy ra KS.
c) Chng minh hnh chp K.ABC l hnh chp u. suy ra: KA = KB +KC.
d) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp S.ABC.
HT 6. Cho hnh chp S.ABC. bit rng c mt mt cu bn knh R tip xc vi cc cnh ca hnh chp v tm I ca mt
cu nm trn ng cao SH ca hnh chp.
a) Chng minh rng S.ABC l hnh chp u.
b) Tnh chiu cao ca hnh chp, bit rng IS = R 3
HT 7. Cho t din u ABCD c cnh l a.
a) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip t din.
b) Tnh din tch mt cu v th tch khi cu .
HT 8. Cho mt hnh chp t gic u c cnh y l a, cnh bn hp vi mt y mt gc 600.
a) Xc nh tm v bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
b) Tnh din tch mt cu v th tch khi cu .
HT 9. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Xc nh tm v bn knh ca mt cu i qua
nm im S, A, B, C, D.
HT 10. Cho tam gic ABC c di ba cnh l 13, 14, 15. Mt mt cu tm O, bn knh R = 5 tip xc vi ba cnh ca
tam gic ABC ti cc tip im nm trn ba cnh . Tnh khong cch t tm mt cu ti mt phng cha tam gic.
HT 11. Hnh chp S.ABC c ng cao SA = a, y ABC l tam gic u cnh a. Tnh bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh
chp.
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HT 12. Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a v gc hp bi mt bn v y bng 600. Xc nh tm v
bn knh mt cu ngoi tip hnh chp.
HT 13. Hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y a v ng cao h. Gi O l tm ca ABCD v H l trung im ca BC.
ng phn gic trong ca gc SHO ct SO ti I. Chng minh rng I l tm mt cu ni tip hnh chp. Tnh bn knh mt
cu ny.
HT 14. Cho hnh chp S.ABC c SA (ABC) v tam gic ABC vung ti B. Gi AH, AK ln lt l cc ng cao ca cc
tam gic SAB v SAC.
a) Chng minh rng nm im A, B, C, H, K cng trn mt mt cu.
b) Cho AB = 10, BC = 24. Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu .
HT 15. Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c ABCD l hnh vung cnh bng a, SA = a 7 v SA (ABCD). Mt mt phng (P) qua A
v vung gc vi SC, ct SB, SC, SD ln lt ti H, M, K.
a) Chng minh rng by im A, B, C, D, H, M, K cng trn mt mt cu.
b) Xc nh tm v tnh bn knh mt cu .
DNG TON 2: Mt tr Hnh tr Khi tr
HT 16. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng 2 cm. Trn ng trn y tm O ly hai
im A, B sao cho AB = 2 cm. Bit rng th tch t din OOAB bng 8 cm3. Tnh chiu cao hnh tr v th tch khi tr.
HT 17. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng 2 cm. Trn ng trn y tm O ly
im A sao cho AO hp vi mt phng y mt gc 600 . Tnh chiu cao hnh tr v th tch khi tr.
HT 18. Cho hnh tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh y bng chiu cao v bng a. Trn ng trn
y tm O ly im A, trn ng trn y tm O ly im B sao cho AB = 2a. Tnh th tch ca khi t din OOAB.
HT 19. Mt khi tr c chiu cao bng 20 cm v c bn knh y bng 10 cm. Ngi ta k hai bn knh OA v OB ln
lt trn hai y sao cho chng hp vi nhau mt gc 300. Ct khi tr bi mt mt phng cha ng thng AB v
song song vi trc OO ca khi tr . Hy tnh din tch ca thit din.
HT 20. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R = 53 cm, khong cch gia hai y h = 56 cm. Mt thit din song song vi trc
l hnh vung. Tnh khong cch t trc n mt phng thit din.
HT 21. Cho hnh tr bn knh y R, chiu cao OO = h, A v B l hai im thay i trn hai ng trn y sao cho
di AB = a khng i h > a < h 2 + 4R2 .

a) Chng minh gc gia hai ng thng AB v OO khng i.
b) Chng minh khong cch gia hai ng thng AB v OO khng i.
HT 22. Trong khng gian cho hnh vung ABCD cnh a. Gi I v H ln lt l trung im ca cc cnh AB v CD. Khi
quay hnh vung xung quanh trc IH ta c mt hnh tr trn xoay.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh tr trn xoay c to nn.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi tr trn xoay c to nn bi hnh tr trn xoay .
HT 23. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R v c thit din qua trc l mt hnh vung.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh tr.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi lng tr t gic u ni tip trong khi tr cho.
HT 24. Mt hnh tr c bn knh y R v ng cao bng R 3 ; A v B l hai im trn hai ng trn y sao cho
gc hp bi AB v trc ca hnh tr l 300.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh tr.
b) Tnh khong cch gia AB v trc ca hnh tr.
HT 25. Cho hnh tr bn knh y R, chiu cao h. Gi A v B l hai im ln lt nm trn hai ng trn y (O, R) v
(O, R) sao cho OA v OB hp vi nhau mt gc bng x v v hai ng thng AB, OO hp vi nhau mt gc bng y.
a) Tnh bn knh R theo h, x, y.
b) Tnh Sxq, Stp v th tch V ca hnh tr theo h, x, y.
HT 26. Cho hnh tr bn knh y bng a v trc OO = 2a. OA v OB l hai bn knh ca hai ng trn y (O), (O)
sao cho gc ca OA v OB bng 300.
a) Tnh di on thng AB.
b) Tnh tang ca gc gia AB v OO.
c) Tnh khong cch gia AB v OO.
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HT 27. Mt khi tr c cc y l hai hnh trn tm O v O, bn knh R v c ng cao h = R 2 . Gi A l mt im

trn ng trn tm O v B l mt im trn ng trn tm O sao cho OA vung gc vi OB.
a) Chng minh rng cc mt bn ca t din OABO l nhng tam gic vung. Tnh t s th tch ca khi t din OABO
v khi tr.
b) Gi () l mt phng qua AB v song song vi OO. Tnh khong cch gia trc OO v mt phng () .
R 2
c) Chng minh rng () l tip din ca mt tr c trc OO v c bn knh y bng
.
2
MT NN HNH NN KHI NN
HT1.
Cho hnh lng tr t gic u ABCD.ABCD c cnh y bng a, chiu cao 2a. Bit rng O l tm ca ABCD
v (C) l ng trn ni tip y ABCD. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh O v y (C).
HT2.
Cho hnh lng tr tam gic u ABC.ABC c cnh y bng a v chiu cao 2a. Bit rng O l tm ca ABC v
(C) l ng trn ni tip y ABC. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh O v y (C).
HT3.
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c cnh y bng a, cnh bn hp vi y mt gc 600 . Gi (C) l ng
trn ngoi tip y ABCD. Tnh th tch khi nn c nh S v y (C).
HT4.
Trong khng gian cho tam gic OIM vung ti I, gc IOM bng 300 v cnh IM = a. Khi quay tam gic OIM
quanh cnh gc vung OI th ng gp khc OMI to thnh mt hnh nn trn xoay.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn trn xoay to thnh.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi nn trn xoay to thnh.
HT5.
Thit din qua trc ca mt hnh nn l mt tam gic vung cn c cnh gc vung bng a.
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v din tch ton phn ca hnh nn.
b) Tnh th tch ca khi nn tng ng.
c) Mt thit din qua nh v to vi y mt gc 600. Tnh din tch ca thit din ny.
HT6.
Cho hnh nn nh S, ng cao SO, A v B l hai im thuc ng trn y sao cho khong cch t im O
n AB bng a v SAO = 300 , SAB =600 . Tnh di ng sinh ca hnh nn theo a.

HT7.
Thit din qua trc ca mt khi nn l mt tam gic vung cn c cnh huyn bng a. Tnh th tch khi nn
v din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn cho.
HT8.
Cho hnh lp phng ABCD. ABCD cnh a. Tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn c nh l tm O ca hnh
vung ABCD v y l hnh trn ni tip hnh vung ABCD.
HT9.
Ct mt hnh nn bng mt mt phng i qua trc ca n, ta c thit din l mt tam gic u cnh 2a. Tnh
din tch xung quanh, din tch ton phn ca hnh v th tch ca khi nn.
HT10.
Cho hnh chp tam gic u S. ABC c cnh bn bng a v gc gia cc mt bn v mt y l . Mt hnh nn
nh S c ng trn y ni tip tam gic u ABC, Hy tnh din tch xung quanh ca hnh nn ny theo a v .
HT11.
Cho hnh chp t gic u S.ABCD c chiu cao SO = h v SAB = ( > 450). Tnh din tch xung quanh ca
hnh nn nh S v c ng trn y ngoi tip hnh vung ABCD.
HT12.
Mt hnh nn c di ng sinh bng 1 v gc gia ng sinh v y l .
a) Tnh din tch xung quanh v th tch ca khi nn.
b) Gi I l im trn ng cao SO ca hnh nn sao cho
SI
= k (0 < k < 1) . Tnh din tch ca thit din qua I v
SO
vung gc vi trc.
Page 54
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
HNH HC GII TCH
TRONG MT PHNG
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN
HNH HC GII TCH TRONG MT PHNG
1: PHNG TRNH NG THNG
1. Vect ch phng ca ng thng
Vect u 0 c gi l vect ch phng ca ng thng nu gi ca n song song hoc trng vi .
Nhn xt: Nu u l mt VTCP ca th ku (k 0) cng l mt VTCP ca .
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTCP.
2. Vect php tuyn ca ng thng
Vect n 0 c gi l vect php tuyn ca ng thng nu gi ca n vung gc vi .
Nhn xt: Nu n l mt VTPT ca th kn (k 0) cng l mt VTPT ca .
Mt ng thng hon ton c xc nh nu bit mt im v mt VTPT.
Nu u l mt VTCP v n l mt VTPT ca th u n .
3. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
Cho ng thng i qua M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) v c VTCP u = (u1; u2 ) .
x = x + tu
0
1
(1) ( t l tham s).
y = y 0 + tu2
x = x + tu
0
1
Nhn xt: M(x; y) t R:
.
y = y 0 + tu2
Phng trnh tham s ca :
Gi k l h s gc ca th:
u
+ k = 2 , vi u1 0 .
u1
+ k = tan, vi = xAv , 900 .
4. Phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng

Cho ng thng i qua M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) v c VTCP u = (u1; u2 ) .
Phng trnh chnh tc ca :
x x0
u1
y y0
u2
(2) (u1 0, u2 0).
Ch : Trong trng hp u1 = 0 hoc u2 = 0 th ng thng khng c phng trnh chnh tc.

5. Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng
PT ax + by + c = 0 vi a 2 + b 2 0 c gi l phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng.
Nhn xt: Nu c phng trnh ax + by + c = 0 th c:
VTPT l n = (a;b ) v VTCP u = (b; a ) hoc u = (b; a ) .
Nu i qua M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ) v c VTPT n = (a;b ) th phng trnh ca l:
Cc trng hp c bit:
a(x x 0 ) + b(y y 0 ) = 0
Cc h s
Phng trnh ng thng
c=0
ax + by = 0
i qua gc to O
a=0
by + c = 0
// Ox hoc Ox
b=0
ax + c = 0
// Oy hoc Oy
Tnh cht ng thng
i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b 0): Phng trnh ca :
x y
+ =1.
a b
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(phng trnh ng thng theo on chn) .
i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) v c h s gc k: Phng trnh ca : y y0 = k (x x 0 )

(phng trnh ng thng theo h s gc)
6. V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 .
To giao im ca 1 v 2 l nghim ca h phng trnh:
a x + b y + c = 0
1
1
1
(1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
a
b
1 ct 2 h (1) c mt nghim 1 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2
b2
a
b
c
1 // 2 h (1) v nghim 1 = 1 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2
b2
c2
a
b
c
1 2 h (1) c v s nghim 1 = 1 = 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2
b2
c2
7. Gc gia hai ng thng

Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 (c VTPT n1 = (a1;b1 ) )
v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 (c VTPT n2 = (a2 ;b2 ) ).
(n1, n2 )
(1, 2 ) =
1800 (n , n )
1 2
cos(1, 2 ) = cos(n1, n2 ) =
khi (n1, n2 ) 900

khi (n1, n2 ) > 900
n1 .n2
n1 . n2
a1a2 + b1b2
a12 + b12 . a22 + b22
Ch : 1 2 a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 .
Cho 1: y = k1x + m1 , 2: y = k2x + m2 th:
+ 1 // 2 k1 = k2
+ 1 2 k1. k2 = 1.
8. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng : ax + by + c = 0 v im M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ) .
d(M 0 , ) =
ax 0 + by0 + c
a 2 + b2
V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng : ax + by + c = 0 v hai im M (x M ; yM ), N (x N ; yN ) .
M, N nm cng pha i vi (ax M + byM + c)(ax N + byN + c ) > 0 .
M, N nm khc pha i vi (ax M + byM + c)(ax N + byN + c ) < 0 .
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng 1 v 2 l:
a1x + b1y + c1
a12 + b12
a2x + b2y + c2
a22 + b22
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VN 1: Lp phng trnh ng thng
lp phng trnh tham s v phng trnh chnh tc ca ng thng ta cn xc nh mt im M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 )
v mt VTCP u = (u1; u2 ) ca .
x = x + tu
0
1
PTTS ca :
;
y = y 0 + tu2
x x0
PTCT ca :
u1
y y0
u2
(u1 0, u2 0).
lp phng trnh tng qut ca ng thng ta cn xc nh mt im M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ) v mt VTPT
n = (a;b ) ca . PTTQ ca : a(x x 0 ) + b(y y 0 ) = 0

Mt s bi ton thng gp:
x xA
y yA
+ i qua hai im A(x A ; yA ) , B(x B ; yB ) (vi x A x B , yA yB ): PT ca :
=
xB xA
yB yA
+ i qua hai im A(a; 0), B(0; b) (a, b 0): PT ca :
x y
+ =1.
a b
+ i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ) v c h s gc k: PT ca : y y 0 = k (x x 0 )
Ch : Ta c th chuyn i gia cc phng trnh tham s, chnh tc, tng qut ca mt ng thng.
tm im M i xng vi im M qua ng thng d, ta c th thc hin nh sau:

Cch 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng qua M v vung gc vi d.
Xc nh I = d (I l hnh chiu ca M trn d).
Xc nh M sao cho I l trung im ca MM.
Cch 2: Gi I l trung im ca MM. Khi :
MM u
d (s dng to )
M i xng ca M qua d
I d
vit phng trnh ng thng d i xng vi ng thng d qua ng thng , ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Nu d // :
+ Ly A d. Xc nh A i xng vi A qua .
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua A v song song vi d.
Nu d = I:
+ Ly A d (A I). Xc nh A i xng vi A qua .
+ Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua A v I.
vit phng trnh ng thng d i xng vi ng thng d qua im I, , ta c th thc hin nh sau:
Ly A d. Xc nh A i xng vi A qua I.
Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua A v song song vi d.
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BI TP
HT 1. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c VTCP u :
a) M(2; 3) , u = (5; 1)
b) M(1; 2), u = (2; 3) c) M(3; 1), u = (2; 5)
e) M(7; 3), u = (0; 3)
d) M(1; 2), u = (5; 0)
f) M O(0; 0), u = (2; 5)
HT 2. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c VTPT n :

b) M(1; 2), n = (2; 3) c) M(3; 1), n = (2; 5)
a) M(2; 3) , n = (5; 1)
d) M(1; 2), n = (5; 0)
e) M(7; 3), n = (0; 3)
f) M O(0; 0), n = (2; 5)
HT 3. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v c h s gc k:

a) M(3; 1), k = 2
b) M(3; 4), k = 3
c) M(5; 2), k = 1
d) M(3; 5), k = 1
e) M(2; 4), k = 0
f) M O(0; 0), k = 4
HT 4. Lp PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua hai im A, B:

a) A(2; 4), B(1; 0)
b) A(5; 3), B(2; 7)
c) A(3; 5), B(3; 8)
d) A(2; 3), B(1; 3)
e) A(4; 0), B(3; 0)
f) A(0; 3), B(0; 2)
HT 5. Vit PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v song song vi ng thng d:
b) M(1; 2), d Ox
c) M(4; 3), d Oy
a) M(2; 3), d: 4x 10y + 1 = 0
x = 1 2t
d) M(2; 3), d:
y = 3 + 4t
e) M(0; 3), d:
x 1 y + 4
=
3
2
HT 6. Vit PTTS, PTCT (nu c), PTTQ ca cc ng thng i qua im M v vung gc vi ng thng d:
a) M(2; 3), d: 4x 10y + 1 = 0
b) M(1; 2), d Ox
c) M(4; 3), d Oy
x = 1 2t
d) M(2; 3), d:
y = 3 + 4t
e) M(0; 3), d:
x 1 y + 4
=
3
2
HT 7. Cho tam gic ABC. Vit phng trnh cc cnh, cc ng trung tuyn, cc ng cao ca tam gic vi:
a) A(2; 0), B(2; 3), C(0; 1)
b) A(1; 4), B(3; 1), C(6; 2)
c) A(1; 1), B(1; 9), C(9; 1)
d) A(4; 1), B(3; 2), C(1; 6)
HT 8. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh ba cnh ca tam gic. Vit phng trnh cc ng cao ca tam gic, vi:
a) AB : 2x 3y 1 = 0, BC : x + 3y + 7 = 0, CA : 5x 2y + 1 = 0
b) AB : 2x + y + 2 = 0, BC : 4x + 5y 8 = 0, CA : 4x y 8 = 0
HT 9.
Vit phng trnh cc cnh v cc trung trc ca tam gic ABC bit trung im ca cc cnh BC, CA, AB ln lt
l cc im M, N, P, vi:
3 5
5 7
a) M(1; 1), N(1; 9), P(9; 1)
b) M ; , N ; , P (2; 4)
2 2
2 2
3
1
c) M 2; , N 1; , P (1; 2)
2
2
3
7
d) M ;2, N ; 3, P (1; 4)
2
2
HT 10. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v chn trn hai trc to 2 on bng nhau, vi:
a) M(4; 10)
b) M(2; 1)
c) M(3; 2)
d) M(2; 1)
HT 11. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cng vi hai trc to to thnh mt tam gic c din tch S,
vi:
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b) M(2; 1), S = 4 c) M(3; 2), S = 3
d) M(2; 1), S = 4
HT 12. Tm hnh chiu ca im M ln ng thng d v im M i xng vi M qua ng thng d vi:

a) M(2; 1), d : 2x + y 3 = 0
b) M(3; 1), d : 2x + 5y 30 = 0
c) M(4; 1), d : x 2y + 4 = 0
d) M( 5; 13), d : 2x 3y 3 = 0
HT 13. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i xng vi ng thng d qua ng thng , vi:

a) d : 2x y + 1 = 0, : 3x 4y + 2 = 0
b) d : x 2y + 4 = 0, : 2x + y 2 = 0
c) d : x + y 1 = 0, : x 3y + 3 = 0
d) d : 2x 3y + 1 = 0, : 2x 3y 1 = 0
HT 14. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i xng vi ng thng d qua im I, vi:

b) d : x 2y + 4 = 0, I (3; 0)
a) d : 2x y + 1 = 0, I (2;1)
c) d : x + y 1 = 0, I (0; 3)
d) d : 2x 3y + 1 = 0, I O(0; 0)
VN 2: Cc bi ton dng tam gic

l cc bi ton xc nh to cc nh hoc phng trnh cc cnh ca mt tam gic khi bit mt s yu t ca
tam gic . gii loi bi ton ny ta thng s dng n cc cch dng tam gic.
Sau y l mt s dng:
Dng 1: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit cc ng thng cha cnh BC v hai ng cao BB, CC.
Cch dng:
Xc nh B = BC BB, C = BC CC.
Dng AB qua B v vung gc vi CC.
Dng AC qua C v vung gc vi BB.
Xc nh A = AB AC.
Dng 2: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng cao BB, CC.
Cch dng:
Dng AB qua A v vung gc vi CC.

Dng AC qua A v vung gc vi BB.
Xc nh B = AB BB, C = AC CC.
Dng 3: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit nh A v hai ng thng cha hai ng trung tuyn BM, CN.
Cch dng:
Xc nh trng tm G = BM CN.
Xc nh A i xng vi A qua G (suy ra BA // CN, CA // BM).
Dng dB qua A v song song vi CN.
Dng dC qua A v song song vi BM.
Xc nh B = BM dB, C = CN dC.
Dng 4: Dng tam gic ABC, khi bit hai ng thng cha hai cnh AB, AC v trung im M ca cnh BC.
Cch dng:
Xc nh A = AB AC.
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Dng d1 qua M v song song vi AB.

Dng d2 qua M v song song vi AC.
Xc nh trung im I ca AC: I = AC d1.
Xc nh trung im J ca AB: J = AB d2.
Xc nh B, C sao cho JB = AJ , IC = AI .
Cch khc:
Trn AB ly im B, trn AC ly im C sao cho MB = MC .
BI TP
HT 15. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh mt cnh v hai ng cao. Vit phng trnh hai cnh v ng cao cn
li, vi: (dng 1)
a) BC : 4x + y 12 = 0, BB : 5x 4y 15 = 0, CC : 2x + 2y 9 = 0
b) BC : 5x 3y + 2 = 0, BB : 4x 3y + 1 = 0, CC : 7x + 2y 22 = 0
c) BC : x y + 2 = 0, BB : 2x 7y 6 = 0, CC : 7x 2y 1 = 0
d) BC : 5x 3y + 2 = 0, BB : 2x y 1 = 0, CC : x + 3y 1 = 0
/s: a)
b)
c)
d)
HT 16. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh v phng trnh hai ng cao. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic
, vi: (dng 2)
a) A(3; 0), BB : 2x + 2y 9 = 0, CC : 3x 12y 1 = 0
b) A(1; 0), BB : x 2y + 1 = 0, CC : 3x + y 1 = 0
/s:a)
b)
HT 17. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh v phng trnh hai ng trung tuyn. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca
tam gic , vi: (dng 3)
a) A(1; 3), BM : x 2y + 1 = 0, CN : y 1 = 0
b) A(3; 9), BM : 3x 4y + 9 = 0, CN : y 6 = 0
/s:a)
b)
HT 18. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh mt cnh v hai ng trung tuyn. Vit phng trnh cc cnh cn li ca
tam gic , vi:
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a) AB : x 2y + 7 = 0, AM : x + y 5 = 0, BN : 2x + y 11 = 0
/s: a) AC : 16x + 13y 68 = 0, BC : 17x + 11y 106 = 0
HT 19. Cho tam gic ABC, bit phng trnh hai cnh v to trung im ca cnh th ba. Vit phng trnh ca cnh
th ba, vi: (dng 4)
a) AB : 2x + y 2 = 0, AC : x + 3y 3 = 0, M (1;1)
b) AB : 2x y 2 = 0, AC : x + y + 3 = 0, M (3; 0)
c) AB : x y + 1 = 0, AC : 2x + y 1 = 0, M (2;1)
d) AB : x + y 2 = 0, AC : 2x + 6y + 3 = 0, M (1;1)
/s: a)
b)
c)
d)
HT 20. Cho tam gic ABC, bit to mt nh, phng trnh mt ng cao v mt trung tuyn. Vit phng trnh cc
cnh ca tam gic , vi:
a) A(4; 1), BH : 2x 3y + 12 = 0, BM : 2x + 3y = 0
b) A(2; 7), BH : 3x + y + 11 = 0, CN : x + 2y + 7 = 0
c) A(0; 2), BH : x 2y + 1 = 0, CN : 2x y + 2 = 0
d) A(1;2), BH : 5x 2y 4 = 0, CN : 5x + 7y 20 = 0
/s:a)
b)
c)
d)
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VN 3: V tr tng i ca hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 .

To giao im ca 1 v 2 l nghim ca h phng trnh:
a x + b y + c = 0
1
1
1
(1)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
a
b
1 ct 2 h (1) c mt nghim 1 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2
b2
1 // 2 h (1) v nghim
a1
b
c
= 1 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2 b2
c2
1 2 h (1) c v s nghim
a1
b
c
= 1 = 1 (nu a2 , b2 , c2 0 )
a2 b2
c2
chng minh ba ng thng ng qui, ta c th thc hin nh sau:

Tm giao im ca hai trong ba ng thng.
Chng t ng thng th ba i qua giao im .
BI TP
HT 21. Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp ng thng sau, nu chng ct nhau th tm to giao im ca chng:
a) 2x + 3y + 1 = 0,
b) 4x y + 2 = 0, 8x + 2y + 1 = 0
4x + 5y 6 = 0
x = 5 + t
c)
,
y = 3 + 2t
x = 4 + 2t
y = 7 + 3t
x = 1 t
d)
,
y = 2 + 2t
x = 2 + 3t
y = 4 6t
HT 22. Cho hai ng thng d v . Tm m hai ng thng:

i) ct nhau
ii) song song
iii) trng nhau
a) d : mx 5y + 1 = 0,
: 2x + y 3 = 0
b) d : 2mx + (m 1)y 2 = 0, : (m + 2)x + (2m + 1)y (m + 2) = 0

HT 23. Tm m ba ng thng sau ng qui:
a) y = 2x 1,
3x + 5y = 8,
(m + 8)x 2my = 3m
b) y = 2x m,
y = x + 2m,
mx (m 1)y = 2m 1
HT 24. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua giao im ca hai ng thng d1 v d2 v:

a) d1 : 3x 2y + 10 = 0, d2 : 4x + 3y 7 = 0, d qua A(2;1)
b) d1 : 3x 5y + 2 = 0, d2 : 5x 2y + 4 = 0, d song song d3 : 2x y + 4 = 0
HT 25. Tm im m cc ng thng sau lun i qua vi mi m:
b) mx y + (2m + 1) = 0
a) (m 2)x y + 3 = 0
c) mx y 2m 1 = 0
d) (m + 2)x y + 1 = 0
HT 26. Cho tam gic ABC vi A(0; 1), B(2; 3), C(2; 0).
a) Vit phng trnh cc ng trung tuyn, phng trnh cc ng cao, phng trnh cc ng trung trc ca
tam gic.
b) Chng minh cc ng trung tuyn ng qui, cc ng cao ng qui, cc ng trung trc ng qui.
HT 27. Hai cnh ca hnh bnh hnh ABCD c phng trnh x 3y = 0, 2x + 5y + 6 = 0 , nh C(4; 1). Vit phng
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trnh hai cnh cn li.

HT 28. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cch u hai im P, Q vi:
a) M(2; 5), P(1; 2), Q(5; 4)
b) M(1; 5), P(2; 9), Q(3; 2)
VN 4: Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng

1. Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng
Cho ng thng : ax + by + c = 0 v im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) .
d(M 0 , ) =
ax 0 + by0 + c
a 2 + b2
2. V tr tng i ca hai im i vi mt ng thng
Cho ng thng : ax + by + c = 0 v hai im M (x M ; yM ), N (x N ; yN ) .
M, N nm cng pha i vi (ax M + byM + c)(ax N + byN + c ) > 0 .
M, N nm khc pha i vi (ax M + byM + c)(ax N + byN + c ) < 0 .
3. Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ct nhau.
Phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng 1 v 2 l:
a1x + b1y + c1
a x
= 2
a12 + b12
+ b2y + c2
a22 + b22
Ch : lp phng trnh ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi ca gc A trong tam gic ABC ta c th thc hin nh
sau:
Cch 1:
Tm to chn ng phn gic trong hoc ngoi (da vo tnh cht ng phn gic ca gc trong tam gic).
Cho ABC vi ng phn gic trong AD v phn gic ngoi AE (D, E BC) ta c:
AB
AB
DB =
.DC ,
EB =
.EC .
AC
AC
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im.
Cch 2:
Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic d1, d2 ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng AB, AC.
Kim tra v tr ca hai im B, C i vi d1 (hoc d2).
+ Nu B, C nm khc pha i vi d1 th d1 l ng phn gic trong.
+ Nu B, C nm cng pha i vi d1 th d1 l ng phn gic ngoi.
BI TP
HT 29. Tnh khong cch t im M n ng thng d, vi:

a) M (4; 5), d : 3x 4y + 8 = 0
b) M (3; 5), d : x + y + 1 = 0
x = 2t
c) M (4; 5), d :
y = 2 + 3t
d) M (3; 5), d :
x 2 y +1
=
2
3
HT 30.
a) Cho ng thng : 2x y + 3 = 0 . Tnh bn knh ng trn tm I(5; 3) v tip xc vi .
b) Cho hnh ch nht ABCD c phng trnh 2 cnh l: 2x 3y + 5 = 0, 3x + 2y 7 = 0 v nh A(2; 3). Tnh
din tch hnh ch nht .
c) Tnh din tch hnh vung c 4 nh nm trn 2 ng thng song song: d1 : 3x 4y + 6 = 0 v
d2 : 6x 8y 13 = 0 .
HT 31. Cho tam gic ABC. Tnh din tch tam gic ABC, vi:
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a) A(1; 1), B(2; 4), C(4; 3)
b) A(2; 14), B(4; 2), C(5; 4)
HT 32. Vit phng trnh ng thng d song song v cch ng thng mt khong k, vi:
x = 3t
b) :
,k =3
a) : 2x y + 3 = 0, k = 5
y = 2 + 4t
c) : y 3 = 0, k = 5
d) : x 2 = 0, k = 4
HT 33. Vit phng trnh ng thng d song song vi ng thng v cch im A mt khong bng k, vi:
a) : 3x 4y + 12 = 0, A(2; 3), k = 2
b) : x + 4y 2 = 0, A(2; 3), k = 3
c) : y 3 = 0, A(3; 5), k = 5
d) : x 2 = 0, A(3;1), k = 4
HT 34. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v cch B mt khong bng d, vi:
a) A(1; 2), B(3; 5), d = 3
b) A(1; 3), B(4; 2), d = 5
c) A(5; 1), B(2; 3), d = 5
d) A(3; 0), B(0; 4), d = 4.
HT 35. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im M v cch u hai im P, Q, vi:

a) M(2; 5), P(1; 2), Q(5; 4)
b) M(1; 2), P(2; 3), Q(4; 5)
c) M(10; 2), P(3; 0), Q(5; 4)
d) M(2; 3), P(3; 1), Q(3; 5)
HT 36. Vit phng trnh ng thng d cch im A mt khong bng h v cch im B mt khong bng k, vi:
a) A(1; 1), B(2; 3), h = 2, k = 4
b) A(2; 5), B(1; 2), h = 1, k = 3
HT 37. Cho ng thng : x y + 2 = 0 v cc im O(0; 0), A(2; 0), B(2; 2).
a) Chng minh ng thng ct on thng AB.
b) Chng minh rng hai im O, A nm cng v mt pha i vi ng thng .
c) Tm im O i xng vi O qua .
d) Trn , tm im M sao cho di ng gp khc OMA ngn nht.
HT 38. Cho hai im A(2; 2), B(5; 1). Tm im C trn ng thng : x 2y + 8 = 0 sao cho din tch tam gic ABC
bng 17 (vdt).
76 18
HD: C (12;10), C ; .
5
5
HT 39. Tm tp hp im.
a) Tm tp hp cc im cch ng thng : 2x + 5y 1 = 0 mt khong bng 3.
b) Tm tp hp cc im cch u hai ng thng d : 5x + 3y 3 = 0, : 5x + 3y + 7 = 0 .
c) Tm tp hp cc im cch u hai ng thng d : 4x 3y + 2 = 0, : y 3 = 0 .
d) Tm tp hp cc im c t s cc khong cch n hai ng thng sau bng
5
:
13
d : 5x 12y + 4 = 0 v : 4x 3y 10 = 0 .
HT 40. Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca cc gc to bi hai ng thng:
a) 3x 4y + 12 = 0, 12x + 5y 20 = 0
b) 3x 4y 9 = 0, 8x 6y + 1 = 0
c) x + 3y 6 = 0, 3x + y + 2 = 0
d) x + 2y 11 = 0, 3x 6y 5 = 0
HT 41. Cho tam gic ABC. Tm tm v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC, vi:
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a) A(3; 5), B(4; 6), C(3; 1)
/s:
b) AB : 2x 3y + 21 = 0, BC : 2x + 3y + 9 = 0, CA : 3x 2y 6 = 0 /s: ..
VN 4: Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng 1: a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 (c VTPT n1 = (a1;b1 ) )
v 2: a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 (c VTPT n2 = (a2 ;b2 ) ).
khi (n1, n2 ) 900

(n , n )
(1, 2 ) = 1 2
1800 (n , n ) khi (n , n ) > 900
1 2
1 2
n .n
a1a2 + b1b2
cos(1, 2 ) = cos(n1, n2 ) = 1 2 =
n1 . n2
a12 + b12 . a22 + b22
Ch : 00 1, 2 900 .
1 2 a1a2 + b1b2 = 0 .
Cho 1: y = k1x + m1 , 2: y = k2x + m2 th:
+ 1 // 2 k1 = k2 + 1 2 k1. k2 = 1.
Cho ABC. tnh gc A trong ABC, ta c th s dng cng thc:
cos A = cos (AB, AC ) =
AB.AC
AB . AC
BI TP
HT 42. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng:
a) x 2y 1 = 0, x + 3y 11 = 0
b) 2x y + 5 = 0, 3x + y 6 = 0
HT 43. Tnh s o ca cc gc trong tam gic ABC, vi:

a) A(3; 5), B(4; 6), C(3; 1)
B) AB : 4x + 3y + 12 = 0, BC : 3x 4y 24 = 0, CA : 3x + 4y 6 = 0
HT 44. Cho hai ng thng d v . Tm m gc gia hai ng thng bng , vi:
a) d : 2mx + (m 3)y + 4m 1 = 0, : (m 1)x + (m + 2)y + m 2 = 0, = 450 .
b) d : (m + 3)x (m 1)y + m 3 = 0, : (m 2)x + (m + 1)y m 1 = 0, = 900 .
HT 45. Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A v to vi ng thng mt gc , vi:
a) A(6;2), : 3x + 2y 6 = 0, = 450
b) A(2; 0), : x + 3y 3 = 0, = 450
c) A(2; 5), : x + 3y + 6 = 0, = 600
d) A(1; 3), : x y = 0, = 300
HT 46. Cho hnh vung ABCD c tm I(4; 1) v phng trnh mt cnh l 3x y + 5 = 0 .

a) Vit phng trnh hai ng cho ca hnh vung.
b) Tm to 4 nh ca hnh vung.
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2: PHNG TRNH NG TRN

1. Phng trnh ng trn
Phng trnh ng trn c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R: (x a )2 + (y b )2 = R2 .
Nhn xt: Phng trnh x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 , vi a 2 + b 2 c > 0 ,
l phng trnh ng trn tm I(a; b), bn knh R =
2. Phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng trn
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng .
a 2 + b2 c .
tip xc vi (C) d(I , ) = R
VN 1: Xc nh tm v bn knh ca ng trn
Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng:
(x a )2 + (y b )2 = R2
th (C) c tm I(a; b) v bn knh R.
Nu phng trnh ng trn (C) c dng:
x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
Bin i a v dng (x a )2 + (y b )2 = R2
th
hoc
Tm I(a; b), bn knh R =
a 2 + b2 c .
Ch : Phng trnh x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 l phng trnh ng trn nu thomn iu kin:

a2 + b2 c > 0 .
BI TP
HT 47. Trong cc phng trnh sau, phng trnh no l phng trnh ng trn. Tm tm v bn knh ca ng
trn :
a) x 2 + y 2 2x 2y 2 = 0
b) x 2 + y 2 6x + 4y 12 = 0
c) 16x 2 + 16y 2 + 16x 8y = 11
d) 7x 2 + 7y 2 4x + 6y 1 = 0
HT 48. Tm m cc phng trnh sau l phng trnh ng trn:

a) x 2 + y 2 + 4mx 2my + 2m + 3 = 0
b) x 2 + y 2 2(m + 1)x + 2my + 3m 2 2 = 0
c) x 2 + y 2 2mx 2(m 2 1)y + m 4 2m 4 2m 2 4m + 1 = 0
VN 2: Lp phng trnh ng trn
lp phng trnh ng trn (C) ta thng cn phi xc nh tm I (a; b) v bn knh R ca (C). Khi phng
trnh ng trn (C) l:
(x a )2 + (y b )2 = R2
Dng 1: (C) c tm I v i qua im A.
Bn knh R = IA.
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Dng 2: (C) c tm I v tip xc vi ng thng .
Bn knh R = d(I , ) .
Dng 3: (C) c ng knh AB.

Tm I l trung im ca AB.
Bn knh R =
AB
.
2
Dng 4: (C) i qua hai im A, B v c tm I nm trn ng thng .

Vit phng trnh ng trung trc d ca on AB.
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v .
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 5: (C) i qua hai im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng .
I d
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
.
d(I , ) = IA
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 6: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng ti im B.
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua B v vung gc vi .
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca d v .
Bn knh R = IA.
Dng 7: (C) i qua im A v tip xc vi hai ng thng 1 v 2.
d (I , ) = d (I , )
1
2
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
d (I , 1 ) = IA
(1)
(2)
Bn knh R = IA.
Ch : Mun b du GTT trong (1), ta xt du min mt phng nh bi 1 v 2 hay xt du khong cch
i s t A n 1 v 2.
Nu 1 // 2, ta tnh R =
1
d (1, 2 ) , v (2) c thay th bi IA = R.
2
Dng 8: (C) tip xc vi hai ng thng 1, 2 v c tm nm trn ng thng d.
d(I , ) = d (I , )
1
2
Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
.
I d
Bn knh R = d (I , 1 ) .
Dng 9: (C) i qua ba im khng thng hng A, B, C (ng trn ngoi tip tam gic).
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Cch 1: Phng trnh ca (C) c dng: x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 (*).

Ln lt thay to ca A, B, C vo (*) ta c h phng trnh.
Gii h phng trnh ny ta tm c a, b, c phng trnh ca (C).
IA = IB
Cch 2: Tm I ca (C) tho mn:
.
IA = IC
Bn knh R = IA = IB = IC.
Dng 10: (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
Vit phng trnh ca hai ng phn gic trong ca hai gc trong tam gic
Xc nh tm I l giao im ca hai ng phn gic trn.
Bn knh R = d(I , AB ) .
BI TP
HT 49. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm I v i qua im A, vi: (dng 1)
a) I(2; 4), A(1; 3) b) I(3; 2), A(1; 1)
c) I(1; 0), A(3; 11)
d) I(1; 2), A(5; 2)
HT 50. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm I v tip xc vi ng thng , vi: (dng 2)
a) I (3; 4), : 4x 3y + 15 = 0
b) I (2; 3), : 5x 12y 7 = 0
c) I (3;2), Ox
d) I (3; 5), Oy
HT 51. Vit phng trnh ng trn c ng knh AB, vi: (dng 3)

a) A(2; 3), B(6; 5) b) A(0; 1), C(5; 1)
c) A(3; 4), B(7; 2)
d) A(5; 2), B(3; 6)
HT 52. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A, B v c tm I nm trn ng thng , vi: (dng 4)
a) A(2; 3), B(1;1), : x 3y 11 = 0
b) A(0; 4), B(2;6), : x 2y + 5 = 0
c) A(2;2), B(8; 6), : 5x 3y + 6 = 0
HT 53. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua hai im A, B v tip xc vi ng thng , vi: (dng 5)
a) A(1;2), B(3; 4), : 3x + y 3 = 0
b) A(6; 3), B(3;2), : x + 2y 2 = 0
c) A(1; 2), B(2;1), : 2x y + 2 = 0
d) A(2; 0), B(4;2), Oy
/s:a)..b)
c)..d)
HT 54. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua im A v tip xc vi ng thng ti im B, vi:
A(2;6), : 3x 4y 15 = 0, B(1; 3) b) A(2;1), : 3x 2y 6 = 0, B(4; 3)
c) A(6; 2), Ox , B(6; 0)
a)
d) A(4; 3), : x + 2y 3 = 0, B(3; 0)
/s:a) ..b)
c) ..d)
HT 55. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua im A v tip xc vi hai ng thng 1 v 2, vi:
a)
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A(2; 3), 1 : 3x 4y + 1 = 0, 2 : 4x + 3y 7 = 0
b) A(1; 3), 1 : x + 2y + 2 = 0, 2 : 2x y + 9 = 0
c) A O(0; 0), 1 : x + y 4 = 0, 2 : x + y + 4 = 0
d) A(3; 6), 1 Ox, 2 Oy
/s:a) ..b)
c)..d)
HT 56. Vit phng trnh ng trn tip xc vi hai ng thng 1, 2 v c tm nm trn ng thng d, vi:
a) 1 : 3x + 2y + 3 = 0, 2 : 2x 3y + 15 = 0, d : x y = 0
b) 1 : x + y + 4 = 0, 2 : 7x y + 4 = 0, d : 4x + 3y 2 = 0
c) 1 : 4x 3y 16 = 0, 2 : 3x + 4y + 3 = 0, d : 2x y + 3 = 0
d) 1 : 4x + y 2 = 0, 2 : x + 4y + 17 = 0, d : x y + 5 = 0
/s:a) ..b)
c) ..d)
HT 57. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC, vi: (dng 9)
a) A(2; 0), B(0; 3), C(5; 3)
b) A(5; 3), B(6; 2), C(3; 1)
c) AB : x y + 2 = 0, BC : 2x + 3y 1 = 0, CA : 4x + y 17 = 0
d) AB : x + 2y 5 = 0, BC : 2x + y 7 = 0, CA : x y + 1 = 0
/s:a) ..b)
c) ..d)
HT 58. Vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC, vi: (dng 10)
a) A(2; 6), B(3; 4), C(5; 0)
b) A(2; 0), B(0; 3), C(5; 3)
c) AB : 2x 3y + 21 = 0, BC : 3x 2y 6 = 0, CA : 2x + 3y + 9 = 0
d) AB : 7x y + 11 = 0, BC : x + y 15, CA : 7x + 17y + 65 = 0
/s:a) ..b)
c) ..d)
VN 3: V tr tng i ca ng thng d v ng trn (C)
bin lun s giao im ca ng thng d: Ax + By + C = 0 v ng trn (C): x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2by + c = 0 , ta
c th thc hin nh sau:.
Cch 1: So snh khong cch t tm I n d vi bn knh R.

Xc nh tm I v bn knh R ca (C).
Tnh khong cch t I n d.
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+ d(I , d ) < R d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.

+ d(I , d ) = R d tip xc vi (C).
+ d(I , d ) > R d v (C) khng c im chung.
Cch 2: To giao im (nu c) ca d v (C) l nghim ca h phng trnh:

Ax + By + C = 0
2
2
x + y + 2ax + 2by + c = 0
(*)
+ H (*) c 2 nghim d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit.

+ H (*) c 1 nghim d tip xc vi (C).
+ H (*) v nghim d v (C) khng c im chung.
BI TP
HT 59. Bin lun theo m s giao im ca ng thng d v ng trn (C), vi:
a) d : mx y 3m 2 = 0, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 4x 2y = 0
b) d : 2x y + m = 0, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 6x + 2y + 5 = 0
c) d : x + y 1 = 0, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 2(2m + 1)x 4y + 4 m = 0
d) d : mx + y 4m = 0, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 2x 4y 4 = 0
VN 4: Tip tuyn ca ng trn (C)
Cho ng trn (C) c tm I, bn knh R v ng thng .
tip xc vi (C) d(I , ) = R
Dng 1: Tip tuyn ti mt im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) (C).

i qua M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ) v c VTPT IM 0 .
Dng 2: Tip tuyn c phng cho trc.
Vit phng trnh ca c phng cho trc (phng trnh cha tham s t).
Da vo iu kin: d(I , ) = R , ta tm c t. T suy ra phng trnh ca .
Dng 3: Tip tuyn v t mt im A(x A ; yA ) ngoi ng trn (C).

Vit phng trnh ca i qua A (cha 2 tham s).
Da vo iu kin: d(I , ) = R , ta tm c cc tham s. T suy ra phng trnh ca .
BI TP
HT 60. Cho ng trn (C) v ng thng d.
i) Vit phng trnh cc tip tuyn ca (C) ti cc giao im ca (C) vi cc trc to .
ii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi d.
iii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) song song vi d.
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 6x 2y + 5 = 0, d : 2x y + 3 = 0
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b) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 4x 6y = 0, d : 2x 3y + 1 = 0
HT 61. Cho ng trn (C), im A v ng thng d.
i) Chng t im A ngoi (C).
ii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) k t A.
iii) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) vung gc vi d.
iv) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) song song vi d.
a) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 4x 6y 12 = 0, A(7;7), d : 3x + 4y 6 = 0
b) (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4x 8y + 10 = 0, A(2;2), d : x + 2y 6 = 0
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3: ELIP
1. nh ngha
Cho F1, F2 c nh vi F1F2 = 2c (c > 0).
M (E ) MF1 + MF2 = 2a
(a > c)
F1, F2: cc tiu im, F1F2 = 2c : tiu c.

2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca elip
x2
y2
=1
(a > b > 0, b 2 = a 2 c 2 )
a
b
To cc tiu im:
F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0) .
Vi M(x; y) (E), MF1, MF2 c gi l cc bn knh qua tiu im ca M.

MF1 = a +
c
c
x , MF2 = a x
a
a
3. Hnh dng ca elip

(E) nhn cc trc to lm cc trc i xng v gc to lm tm i xng.
To cc nh:
A1 (a; 0), A2 (a; 0), B1(0; b ), B2 (0; b)
di cc trc: trc ln: A1A2 = 2a , trc nh: B1B2 = 2b
c
Tm sai ca (E): e =
(0 < e < 1)
a
Hnh ch nht c s: to bi cc ng thng x = a, y = b (ngoi tip elip).
4. ng chun ca elip (chng trnh nng cao)
Phng trnh cc ng chun i ng vi cc tiu im Fi l: x
MF1
Vi M (E) ta c:
d(M , 1 )
MF2
d(M , 2 )
a
=0
e
=e
(e < 1)
VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (E)
a phng trnh ca (E) v dng chnh tc:
x2
a2
y2
b2
= 1 . Xc nh a, b, c.
Cc yu t: di trc ln 2a, trc nh 2b.

Tiu c 2c.
To cc tiu im F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0) .
To cc nh A1 (a; 0), A2 (a; 0), B1(0; b ), B2 (0; b) .
Tm sai e =
c
.
a
Phng trnh cc ng chun x
a
=0
e
BI TP
HT 62. Cho elip (E). Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, to cc tiu im, to cc nh, tm sai, phng trnh cc
ng chun ca (E), vi (E) c phng trnh:
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a)
0968.393.899
x 2 y2
+
=1
9
4
b)
e) 16x 2 + 25y 2 = 400
x 2 y2
+
=1
16
9
c)
f) x 2 + 4y 2 = 1
x 2 y2
+
=1
25
9
g) 4x 2 + 9y 2 = 5
d)
x 2 y2
+
=1
4
1
h) 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 1
VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E)

lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E) ta cn xc nh di cc na trc a, b ca (E).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (E):
c
a
+ b2 = a 2 c 2
+e=
+ Cc nh:
A1 (a; 0), A2 (a; 0), B1(0; b ), B2 (0; b)
+ Cc tiu im F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0)
BI TP
HT 63. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E), bit:
a) di trc ln bng 6, trc nh bng 4.
b) di trc ln bng 10, tiu c bng 6.
c) di trc ln bng 8, di trc nh bng tiu c.
d) Tiu c bng 8 v i qua im M ( 15; 1) .
e) di trc nh bng 6 v i qua im M (2 5;2) .
e) Mt tiu im l F1(2; 0) v di trc ln bng 10.
.
f) Mt tiu im l F1 ( 3; 0) v i qua im M 1;
2
3
g) i qua hai im M (1; 0), N

;1 .
2
h) i qua hai im M (4; 3 ), N (2 2; 3) .
HT 64. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (E), bit:
3
a) di trc ln bng 10, tm sai bng .
5
b) Mt tiu im l F1(8; 0) v tm sai bng
4
.
5
c) di trc nh bng 6, phng trnh cc ng chun l x 7 16 = 0 .

d) Mt nh l A1(8; 0) , tm sai bng
3
.
4
5
2
e) i qua im M 2; v c tm sai bng .
3
3
VN 3: Tm im trn (E) tho mn iu kin cho trc
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Ch cc cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) (E):

MF1 = a +
c
c
x , MF2 = a x
a
a
BI TP
HT 65. Cho elip (E) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc ln ti tiu im bn phi F2 ct (E) ti hai im M, N.
i) Tm to cc im M, N.
a) 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225
ii) Tnh MF1, MF2 , MN .

b) 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144
HT 66. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M (E) sao cho:

i) MF1 = MF2
ii) MF2 = 3MF1
a) 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225
c) 7x 2 + 16y 2 = 112
iii) MF1 = 4MF2
b) 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144
c) 7x 2 + 16y 2 = 112
HT 67. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M (E) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc vung, vi:
a) 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225
b) 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144
c) 7x 2 + 16y 2 = 112
HT 68. Cho elip (E). Tm nhng im M (E) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc 600 , vi:
a) 9x 2 + 25y 2 = 225
b) 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144
c) 7x 2 + 16y 2 = 112
----------------------------------------------4 PHNG TRNH HYPEBOL

1. nh ngha
Cho F1, F2 c nh vi F1F2 = 2c (c > 0).
M (H ) MF1 MF2 = 2a
(a < c)
F1, F2: cc tiu im, F1F2 = 2c : tiu c.

2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca hypebol
x2
2
To cc tiu im:
y2
2
=1
(a, b > 0, b 2 = c 2 a 2 )
a
b
F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0) .
Vi M(x; y) (H), MF1, MF2 c gi l cc bn knh qua tiu im ca M.
c
c
MF1 = a + x , MF2 = a x
a
a
3. Hnh dng ca hypebol
(H) nhn cc trc to lm cc trc i xng v gc to lm tm i xng.
To cc nh:
A1(a; 0), A2 (a; 0)
di cc trc:
trc thc: 2a,

c
Tm sai ca (H): e = (e > 1)
a
Hnh ch nht c s: to bi cc ng thng x = a, y = b .
trc o: 2b
b
Phng trnh cc ng tim cn: y = x .
a
4. ng chun ca hypebol
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Phng trnh cc ng chun i ng vi cc tiu im Fi l: x
MF1
Vi M (H) ta c:
d(M , 1 )
MF2
d(M , 2 )
a
=0
e
=e
(e < 1)
VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (H)
a phng trnh ca (H) v dng chnh tc:
x2
a2
y2
b2
= 1 . Xc nh a, b, c.
Cc yu t: di trc thc 2a, trc o 2b.

Tiu c 2c.
To cc tiu im F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0) .
To cc nh A1(a; 0), A2 (a; 0) .
Tm sai e =
c
.
a
b
Phng trnh cc ng tim cn: y = x
a
Phng trnh cc ng chun x
a
=0
e
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BI TP
HT 69. Cho hypebol (H). Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, to cc tiu im, to cc nh, tm sai, phng trnh
cc ng tim cn, phng trnh cc ng chun ca (H), vi (H) c phng trnh:
a)
x 2 y2
=1
9
16
b)
e) 16x 2 25y 2 = 400
x 2 y2
=1
16
9
f) x 2 4y 2 = 1
c)
x 2 y2
=1
25
9
d)
g) 4x 2 9y 2 = 5
x 2 y2
=1
4
1
h) 9x 2 25y 2 = 1
VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H)

lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H) ta cn xc nh di cc na trc a, b ca (H).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (H):
c
a
+ b2 = c2 a 2
+e=
+ Cc nh:
A1(a; 0), A2 (a; 0)
+ Cc tiu im F1(c; 0), F2 (c; 0)
BI TP
HT 70. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (H), bit:
a) di trc thc bng 6, trc o bng 4.
b) di trc thc bng 8, tiu c bng 10.
c) Tiu c bng 2 13 , mt tim cn l y =
d) di trc thc bng 48, tm sai bng
e) di trc o bng 6, tm sai bng
2
x.
3
13
.
12
5
.
4

a) Mt nh l A(5; 0), mt tiu im l F(6; 0).
b) Mt tiu im l F(7; 0), tm sai e = 2.
c) (H) i qua hai im M (2; 6 ), N (3; 4) .
d) di trc thc bng 8 v i qua im A(5; 3).
e) Tiu c bng 10 v i qua im A(4; 3).
f) C cng tiu im vi elip (E): 10x 2 + 36y 2 360 = 0 , tm sai bng
5
.
3

a) Mt nh l A(3; 0) v mt tim cn l d: 2x 3y = 0 .
b) Hai tim cn l d: 2x y = 0 v khong cch gia hai ng chun bng
2 5
.
5
c) Tiu c bng 8 v hai tim cn vung gc vi nhau.
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d) Hai tim cn l d: 3x 4y = 0 v hai ng chun l : 5x 16 = 0 .

e) i qua im E(4; 6) v hai tim cn l d:
3x y = 0 .
VN 3: Tm im trn (H) tho mn iu kin cho trc

Ch : Cc cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) (H):
c
c
MF1 = a + x , MF2 = a x
a
a
Nu M thuc nhnh phi th x a

MF1 =
c
c
x + a , MF2 = x a (MF1 > MF2)
a
a
Nu M thuc nhnh tri th x a

c
MF1 = x + a , MF2 = x a (MF1 < MF2)

a
BI TP
HT 73. Cho hypebol (H) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc thc ti tiu im bn tri F1 ct (H) ti hai im M, N.
a) 16x 2 9y 2 = 144
ii) Tnh MF1, MF2 , MN .
b) 12x 2 4y 2 = 48
c) 10x 2 + 36y 2 360 = 0
HT 74. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M (H) sao cho:

i) MF2 = 3MF1 ii) MF1 = 3MF2 iii) MF1 = 2MF2
a)
x 2 y2
=1
9
16
b)
x 2 y2
=1
4
12
c)
iv) MF1 = 4MF2
x 2 y2
=1
4
5
d)
x2
y2 = 1
4
HT 75. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M (H) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc vung, vi:
a)
x2
y2 = 1
4
b)
x 2 y2
=1
9
4
c)
x 2 y2
=1
4
12
d)
x 2 y2
=1
9
16
HT 76. Cho hypebol (H). Tm nhng im M (H) nhn hai tiu im di mt gc , vi:
a)
x 2 y2
= 1, = 1200
4
5
b)
x 2 y2
= 1, = 1200
36 13
c)
x 2 y2
= 1, = 600
16
9
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5 PARABOL
1. nh ngha
Cho im F v ng thng khng i qua F.
M (P ) MF = d(M , )
: ng chun,
F: tiu im,
2. Phng trnh chnh tc ca parabol
p = d (F , ) : tham s tiu.
y 2 = 2px (p > 0)
p
To tiu im: F ; 0 .
2
Phng trnh ng chun:: x +
p
=0.
2
Vi M(x; y) (P), bn knh qua tiu im ca M l MF = x +

3. Hnh dng ca parabol
(P) nm v pha bn phi ca trc tung.
(P) nhn trc honh lm trc i xng.
To nh:
p
.
2
O(0; 0)
Tm sai: e = 1.
VN 1: Xc nh cc yu t ca (P)
a phng trnh ca (P) v dng chnh tc: y 2 = 2px . Xc nh tham s tiu p.
p
Cc yu t: To tiu im F ; 0 .
2
Phng trnh ng chun : x +
p
=0.
2
BI TP
HT 77. Cho parabol (P). Xc nh to tiu im v phng trnh ng chun ca (P), vi:
a) (P ) : y 2 = 6x
b) (P ) : y 2 = 2x c) (P ) : y 2 = 16x
d) (P ) : y 2 = x
VN 2: Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P)

lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P) ta cn xc nh tham s tiu p ca (P).
Ch : Cng thc xc nh cc yu t ca (P):
p
To tiu im F ; 0
2
Phng trnh ng chun : x +
p
=0.
2
BI TP
HT 78. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P), bit:
a) Tiu im F(4; 0)
b) Tiu im F(3; 0)
c) ng chun : x + 2 = 0
c) i qua im M(1; 4)
d) ng chun : x + 3 = 0
e) i qua im M(1; 2)
HT 79. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca (P), bit:

a) Tiu im F trng vi tiu im bn phi ca elip (E): 5x 2 + 9y 2 = 45 .
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b) Tiu im F trng vi tiu im bn phi ca hypebol (H): 16x 2 9y 2 = 144 .

c) Tiu im F trng vi tm ca ng trn (C): x 2 6x + y 2 + 5 = 0 .
VN 3: Tm im trn (P) tho mn iu kin cho trc
Ch : Cng thc xc nh di bn knh qua tiu im ca im M(x; y) (P):
MF = x +
p
2
BI TP
HT 80. Cho parabol (P) v ng thng d vung gc vi trc i xng ti tiu im F ct (P) ti hai im M, N.
ii) Tnh MF , MN .
a) (P ) : y 2 = 6x
b) (P ) : y 2 = 2x
c) (P ) : y 2 = 16x
d) (P ) : y 2 = x
HT 81. Cho parabol (P).

i) Tm nhng im M (P) cch tiu im F mt on bng k.
ii) Chn M c tung dng. Tm im A (P) sao cho AFM vung ti F.
a) (P ) : y 2 = 8x , k = 10
b) (P ) : y 2 = 2x , k = 5
c) (P ) : y 2 = 16x , k = 4
HT 82. Cho parabol (P) v ng thng d c h s gc m quay quanh tiu im F ca (P) ct (P) ti hai im M, N.
i) Chng minh x M .x N khng i.
ii) Tnh MF, NF, MN theo m.
a) (P ) : y 2 = 4x
b) (P ) : y 2 = 2x
c) (P ) : y 2 = 16x
d) (P ) : y 2 = x
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HT 83. Cho ba im A(2; 1), B(2; 2), M(x; y).

a) Tm h thc gia x v y sao cho tam gic AMB vung ti M.
b) Tm phng trnh tham s v phng trnh tng qut ca ng trung trc on AB.
c) Tm phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua A v to vi AB mt gc 600 .
HD: a) x 2 + y 2 3y 2 = 0 b) 8x 2y + 3 = 0
c) (4 3 1) x ( 3 4) y 6 7 3 = 0
HT 84. Cho ba ng thng d1 : 3x + 4y 12 = 0 , d2 : 3x + 4y 2 = 0 , d3 : x 2y + 1 = 0 .
a) Chng t rng d1 v d2 song song. Tnh khong cch gia d1 v d2.
b) Tm phng trnh ng thng d song song v cch u d1 v d2 .
c) Tm im M trn d3 cch d1 mt on bng 1.
HD: a) 2
b) 3x + 4y 7 = 0
c) M(3; 2) hoc M(1; 1)
x = 7 2m
x = 5 + 4t
HT 85. Cho im A(2; 3) v hai ng thng d :
, d :
.
y = 3 + m
y = 7 + 3t
a) Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua A v ct d, d ti B, B sao cho AB = AB.

b) Gi M l giao im ca d v d . Tnh din tch ca tam gic MBB.
x = 2 + 6t
HD: a) :
y = 3 + 2t
b) S = 5
HT 86. Cho ng thng dm: (m 2)x + (m 1)y + 2m 1 = 0 .

a) Chng minh rng dm lun i qua mt im c nh A.
b) Tm m dm ct on BC vi B(2; 3), C(4; 0).
c) Tm phng trnh ng thng i qua A v to vi BC mt gc 450 .
d) Tm m ng thng dm tip xc vi ng trn tm O bn knh R =
HD: a) A(1; 3)
b)
8
3
m
7
2
5.
c) x + 5y + 14 = 0, 5x y 8 = 0 Md) m = 3, m =
4
3
HT 87. Cho ba im M(6; 1), N(7; 3), P(3; 5) ln lt l trung im ca ba cnh BC, CA, AB ca tam gic ABC.
a) Tm to cc nh A, B, C.
b) Tm phng trnh cc trung tuyn AM, BN, CP.
c) Tnh din tch ca tam gic ABC.
HD: a) A(4; 7), B(2; 3), C(10; 1)
b) 3x + y 19 = 0, y = 3, 6x + 7y 53 = 0
c) S = 20
HT 88. Cho tam gic ABC c A(8; 0), B(0; 6), C(9; 3). Gi H l chn ng cao v t C xung cnh AB.
a) Tm phng trnh cnh AB v ng cao CH.
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b) Gi I, K ln lt l hnh chiu ca C trn Ox v Oy. Chng minh I, H, K thng hng.

HT 89. Cho ba im A(0; 1), B(4; 1), C(4; 2). Vit phng trnh ng thng d khi bit:
a) d i qua A v khong cch t B n d bng hai ln khong cch t C n d.
b) d i qua C v ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti E v F sao cho: OE + OF = 3 .
c) d i qua B, ct cc trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti M, N vi x M > 0, yN > 0 v sao cho:
i) OM + ON nh nht
ii)
1
OM
HD: a) x y 1 = 0, 2x 3y 3 = 0
c) i) x + 2y 6 = 0
1
ON 2
nh nht.
b) 2x y 6 = 0, x 4y + 4 = 0
ii) 4x + y 17 = 0
HT 90. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC, bit:

a) nh B(2; 6), phng trnh mt ng cao v mt phn gic v t mt nh l:
x 7y + 15 = 0, 7x + y + 5 = 0
b) nh A(3; 1), phng trnh mt phn gic v mt trung tuyn v t hai nh khc nhau l:
x 4y + 10 = 0, 6x + 10y 59 = 0 .
HD: a) 4x 3y + 10 = 0, 7x + y 20 = 0, 3x + 4y 5 = 0
b) 2x + 9y 65 = 0, 6x 7y 25 = 0, 18x + 13y 41 = 0
HT 91. Cho hai im A(3; 4), B(1; 4) v ng thng d : 3x + 2y 7 = 0 .
a) Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) qua A, B v c tm I d.
1
b) Vit phng tip tuyn ca (C) k t im E ; 4 . Tnh di ca tip tuyn v tm to tip im.
2
c) Trn (C), ly im F c x F = 8 . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i xng vi (C) qua ng thng AF.
HD: a) x 2 + y 2 6x + 2y 15 = 0
b) y 4 = 0, 4x 3y + 10 = 0 , d =
5
, tip im (3; 4), (1; 2)
2
c) (C): x 2 + y 2 16x 8y + 55 = 0
HT 92. Cho ng cong (Cm): x 2 + y 2 + mx 4y m + 2 = 0 .
a) Chng minh rng vi mi m, (Cm) lun l ng trn v (Cm) lun i qua 2 im c nh A, B.
b) Tm m (Cm) i qua gc to O. Gi (C) l ng trn ng vi gi tr m va tm c. Vit phng trnh
ng thng song song vi ng thng d : 4x + 3y 5 = 0 v chn trn (C) mt dy cung c di bng 4.
c) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) c vect ch phng l a = (2;1) .
d) Tm m (Cm) tip xc vi trc tung. Vit phng trnh ng trn ng vi m .
HD: a) A(1; 1), B(1; 3)
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b) m = 2, (C): x 2 + y 2 + 2x 4y = 0 , 1 : 4x + 3y 8 = 0, 2 : 4x + 3y + 7 = 0
c) x + 2y 8 = 0, x + 2y + 2 = 0 d) m = 2, x 2 + y 2 2x 4y + 4 = 0
HT 93. Cho ng cong (Ct): x 2 + y 2 2x cos t 2y sin t + cos 2t = 0 (0 < t < ).
a) Chng t (Ct) l ng trn vi mi t.
b) Tm tp hp tm I ca (Ct) khi t thay i.
c) Gi (C) l ng trn trong h (Ct) c bn knh ln nht. Vit phng trnh ca (C).
d) Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) to vi trc Ox mt gc 450 .
HD: b) x 2 + y 2 = 1 c) t =
, (C ) : x 2 + y 2 2y 1 = 0
2
d) x y 1 = 0, x + y + 1 = 0, x y + 3 = 0, x + y 3 = 0
HT 94. Cho hai ng thng d1 : x 3y + 4 = 0, d2 : 3x + y + 2 = 0 .
a) Vit phng trnh hai ng trn (C1), (C2) qua gc to O v tip xc vi d1, d2. Xc nh tm v bn knh ca 2
ng trn . Gi (C1) l ng trn c bn knh ln hn.
b) Gi A v B l tip im ca (C1) vi d1 v d2. Tnh to ca A v B. Tnh gc AOB .
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng ct (C1) to ra 1 dy cung nhn im E(4; 2) lm trung im.
d) Trn ng thng d3 : 3x + y 18 = 0 , tm nhng im m t v c 2 tip tuyn ca (C1) vung gc vi
nhau.
HD: a) (C 1 ) : x 2 + y 2 6x + 2y = 0, (C 2 ) : 5x 2 + 5y 2 + 2x 6y = 0
b) A(2; 2), B(0; 2), AOB = 1350 c) : x y 6 = 0
d) (5; 3), (7; 3)
HT 95. Cho ng trn (C) i qua im A(1; 1) v tip xc vi ng thng : x + 2 = 0 ti im B c yB = 2 .

a) Vit phng trnh ng trn (C).
b) Mt ng thng d i qua M(4; 0) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k s giao im ca d v (C).
HD: a) x 2 + y 2 2x 4y 4 = 0
b) k <
5
5
5
: 2 im chung, k =
: 1 im chung, k >
: khng im chung
12
12
12
HT 96. Cho elip (E): 4x 2 + 9y 2 36 = 0 .

a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (E).
b) Tnh din tch hnh vung c cc nh l giao im ca (E) vi 2 ng phn gic cc gc to .
HD: b) S =
144
.
13
HT 97. Cho elip (E): 16x 2 + 25y 2 400 = 0 .

a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (E).
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b) Vit phng trnh cc ng phn gic ca gc F1MF2 vi M 3; v F1, F2 l cc tiu im ca (E).
3
HD: b) 3x 5y 25 = 0, 5x + 3y
27
=0
5
HT 98. Cho elip (E): x 2 + 4y 2 20 = 0 v im A(0; 5).

a) Bin lun s giao im ca (E) vi ng thng d i qua A v c h s gc k.
b) Khi d ct (E) ti M, N, tm tp hp cc trung im I ca on MN.
k < 1
4 : 2 giao im,
HD: a)
1
k >
1
1
1
< k < : khng giao im, k = : 1 giao im
4
4
4
b) x 2 + 4y 2 = 100
HT 99. Cho h ng cong (Cm): x 2 + y 2 2mx + 2m 2 1 = 0 (*).
a) Tm cc gi tr ca m (Cm) l ng trn.
b) Tm phng trnh tp hp (E) cc im M trong mt phng Oxy sao cho ng vi mi im M ta c duy nht 1
ng trn thuc h (Cm) i qua im M .
x2
+ y 2 = 1 (a PT (*) v PT vi n m. Tm iu kin
2
PT c nghim m duy nht).
HD: a) 1 m 1
b) (E):
x 2 y2
+
=1.
16
9
a) Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca hypebol (H) c 2 nh l 2 tiu im ca (E) v 2 tiu im l 2 nh ca (E).
HT 100. Cho elip (E):
b) Tm im M trn (H) sao cho 2 bn knh qua tiu im ca M vung gc vi nhau.

c) Chng minh tch cc khong cch t mt im N bt k trn (H) n hai ng tim cn ca (H) bng mt hng
s.
HD: a)
5 7
x 2 y2
9
= 1 b) 4 im M
;
7
9
4
4
c)
63
.
16
HT 101. Cho hypebol (H): x 2 4y 2 4 = 0 .

a) Xc nh di cc trc, tiu c, tm sai, to cc tiu im, to cc nh ca (H).
b) Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(1; 4) v c h s gc k. Bin lun theo k s giao im ca d v (H).
HT 102. Cho cc im A1(2; 0), A2 (2; 0) v im M(x; y). Gi M l im i xng ca M qua trc tung.
a) Tm to ca im M theo x, y . Tm phng trnh tp hp (H) cc im M tho MA2 .M A2 = 0 . Chng t (H)
l mt hypebol. Xc nh to cc tiu im v phng trnh cc ng tim cn ca (H).
b) Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) c 2 nh trn trc ln ca (E) trng vi 2 nh ca (H) v (E) i qua im
2 2 2
.
B ;
3 3
c) Tm to giao im ca (H) vi 2 ng chun ca (E).
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HD: a) x 2 y 2 = 4 b) (E): x 2 + 4y 2 = 4
4 3
2 3
c) 4 im
;
3
3
HT 103. Cho hypebol (H): 4x 2 5y 2 20 = 0 .

a) Tm tiu im, tm sai, tim cn ca (H).
b) Gi (C) l ng trn c tm trng vi tiu im F1 (c honh m) ca (H) v bn knh R bng di trc
thc ca (H). M l tm ng trn i qua tiu im F2 v tip xc ngoi vi (C). Chng minh rng M trn (H).
HD: b) (C): (x + 3)2 + y 2 = 20 . Kim chng MF1 MF2 = 2 5 = 2a M (H).
HT 104. Cho hypebol (H):
x2
y2 = 1 .
3
5
a) Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) c cng tiu im vi (H) v i qua im P 2; .
3
b) ng thng d i qua nh A2 ca (E) (c honh dng) v song song vi ng thng : 2x 3y + 12 = 0 .
Vit phng trnh ca d. Tm to giao im B (khc A2) ca d vi (E). Xc nh im C (E) sao cho tam gic
A2BC c din tch ln nht.
HD: a)
1 20
5
x 2 y2
+
= 1 b) d: 2x 3y 6 = 0 , B ; , C 2;
9
5
3
9
3
HT 105.Cho hypebol (H):
x2
y2
a 2 b2
k MP Ox. Chng minh:
= 1 . Gi F1, F2 l 2 tiu im v A1, A2 l 2 nh ca (H). Trn (H), ly im M tu ,
a) (MF1 + MF2 )2 = 4(OM 2 + b 2 )
b)
PM 2
A1P .A2P
b2
a2
HD: a) Vit (MF1 + MF2 )2 = (MF1 MF2 )2 + 4MF1.MF2 .

b) Tnh PM 2 , A1P .A2P theo to im M.
HT 106. Cho parabol (P): y 2 = 4x .
a) Tm to tiu im F v phng trnh ng chun ca (P).
b) Tm im M trn (P) m khong cch t M n F bng 5.
HD: b) N(4; 4); N(4; 4)
2
t
HT 107. Cho parabol (P): y 2 = 2x c tiu im F v im M ; t (vi t 0).
2
a) Chng t rng M nm trn (P).
b) ng thng FM ct (P) ti N (khc M). Tm to trung im I ca on MN theo t.
c) Tm tp hp (P) cc im I khi t thay i.
t + 1 t 2 1
HD: b) I
;
4t 2
2t
1
c) (P): y 2 = x
2
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I. Cc bi ton lin quan n tam gic gc khong cch.

HT 1. Phng trnh hai cnh ca mt tam gic trong mt phng ta l 5x 2y + 6 = 0 ;. . Vit phng trnh cnh th
.
ba ca tam gic , bit rng trc tm ca n trng vi gc ta .
/s: AC : y + 7 = 0
HT 2. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho tam gic ABC, c im A(2; 3), trng tm G(2; 0). Hai nh B v C ln lt nm
trn hai ng thng d1 : x + y + 5 = 0 v d2 : x + 2y 7 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm C v tip xc vi
ng thng BG.
/s: (x 5)2 + (y 1)2 +
81
25
HT 3. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho hai ng thng d1 : x + 2y 7 = 0 v d2 : 5x + y 8 = 0 v im G(

2;1) . Tm ta im B thuc d1 im C thuc d2 sao cho tam gic ABC nhn im G lm trng tm bit A l giao im
ca d1 v d2
/s: A(1; 3) ; B(3; 2) v C(2; -2)
HT 4. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC vi AB = 5 , nh C (- 1;- 1) ng thng AB c
phng trnh x + 2y 3 = 0 v trng tm ca tam gic ABC thuc ng thng x + y 2 = 0 . Xc nh to cc
nh A, B ca tam gic.
1
3
1
3
/s: A 4, , B 6; hoc A 4, , B 6;
2
2
2
2
HT 5. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho tam gic ABC cn ti A , cnh BC nm trn ng thng c phng
trnh x + 2y 2 = 0 . ng cao k t B c phng trnh x y + 4 = 0 , im M (1; 0) thuc ng cao k t nh
C . Xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic ABC .

4 7 13 19
; A
;
/s: B (2;2) C
5 5 10 10
HT 6. Trong mt phng oxy cho ABC c A (2;1) . ng cao qua nh B c phng trnh x 3y 7 = 0 . ng
trung tuyn qua nh C c phng trnh x + y + 1 = 0 . Xc nh ta B v C . Tnh din tch ABC . /s: S = 16
( vdt)
HT 7. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c im M (2;2), N(1;1) ln lt l trung im ca cc
cnh AC, BC v trc tm H(-1;6). Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
11 1
3 9
7 5
/s: C (3;2) ; A (1;2) ; B (-1;0) hoc C ( ; ); A( ; ); B( ; )
2
2
2 2
2 2
HT 8. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c B(12;1) , ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh:
1 2
x + 2y 5 = 0 . Trng tm tam gic ABC l G ; .Vit phng trnh ng thng BC . /s: BC : x 8y + 20 = 0
3 3
HT 9. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A (4; - 2), phng trnh ng cao k t C v ng trung
trc ca BC ln lt l x y + 2 = 0 ; 3x + 4y 2 = 0 . Tm ta cc nh B v C.
1 9 7 1
/s: B ; ;C ;
4 4 4 4
HT 10. Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit B (2; -1), ng cao v ng phn gic trong qua nh A ,
C ln lt l: d1 : 3x 4y + 27 = 0 v d2 : x + 2y 5 = 0
/s: BC : 4x + 3y + 5 = 0 ; AC : y 3 = 0 ; AB 4x + 7y 1 = 0
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HT 11. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho tam gic ABC, phn gic trong AD c phng trnh x + y 2 = 0 ,
ng cao CH c phng trnh x 2y + 5 = 0 . im M (3; 0) thuc on AC tho mn AB = 2AM . Xc nh to
cc nh ca tam gic ABC .
/s: A (1;1) . B (3; 3) C (1;2)
HT 12. Trong mt phng ta (Oxy). Lp phng trnh ng thng qua M (2;1) v to vi cc trc ta mt tam
gic c din tch bng 4 .
) (
) (
/s: d1 : x + 2y 4 = 0 . d2 : 1 2x + 2 1 + 2 y 4 = 0 d3 : 1 + 2x + 2 1 2 y + 4 = 0
HT 13. Trong mp to Oxy cho 2 ng thng: d1 : x 7y + 17 = 0 ; d2 : x + y 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng
thng d qua im M (0;1) to vi d1 ; d2 mt tam gic cn ti giao im ca d1 v d2
/s: x + 3y 3 = 0 v . 3x y + 1 = 0
.
HT 14. Cho A (1 ; 4) v hai ng thng d1 x + y 3 = 0 ; d2 : x + y 9 = 0 . Tm im B trn d1 , im C trn d2
sao cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A .
/s: B(2 ; 1) & C( 4 ; 5) hoc B(- 2 ; 5) & C(2 ; 7).
HT 15. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A, bit cc nh A, B, C ln lt nm trn
cc ng thng d: x + y 5 = 0 , d1: x + 1 = 0 , d2: y + 2 = 0 . Tm to cc nh A, B, C, bit BC = 5 2 .
A(3;2), B(1;5), C (0; 2)

/s:
.
A(3;2), B(1; 1), C (6; 2)
HT 16. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c ng phn gic trong ca gc A : x + 2y 5 = 0 ,
ng cao k t A : 4x + 13y 10 = 0 , im C(4;3) . Tn to im B.
/s: ..
HT 17. Trong mt phng Oxy cho A(2;1) v ng thng d : 2x + 3y + 4 = 0 . Lp phng trnh
ng thng i qua A to vi ng thng d mt gc 450.
/s: 5x + y 11 = 0 hoc x + 5y 3 = 0 .
HT 18. Tam gic cn ABC c y BC nm trn ng thng: 2x 5y + 1 = 0 , cnh bn AB nm trn ng thng:
12x y 23 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng AC bit rng n i qua im (3;1)

/s: 8x + 9y 33 = 0
Cu hi tng t: BC : x 3y 2 = 0 , AB : 2x y + 6 = 0 Vit AC bit qua M (3;2)
/s: x + 2y 7 = 0
HT 19. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c din tch S ABC = 96 ; M (2; 0) l trung im ca
AB , ng phn gic trong gc A c phng trnh (d ) : x y 10 = 0 , ng thng AB to vi (d ) mt gc tho
3
. Xc nh to cc nh ca tam gic ABC .
5
A(3; 7), B(1; 7), C (17; 9)
/s:
A(9; 1), B(5;1),C (11; 15)
mn cos =
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HT 20. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c din tch l S =
3
, nh A (2;-3), nh B(3;-2),
2
trng tm ca tam gic thuc ng thng d : 3x y 8 = 0 . Tm to nh C.

/s: C (2; 10) , C (1; 1)
HT 21. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A(-1; 4) v cc nh B, C thuc ng thng :
x y 4 = 0 . Xc nh to cc im B v C, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 18.
11 3 3
11 3 3
5
5
/s: B ; , C ; hoc l C ; , B ; .
2 2 2
2
2
2 2 2
HT 22. Trong mt phng to Oxy . Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua A (8 ;6) v to vi 2 trc to mt tam
gic c din tch bng 12.
/s:
x y
x y
= 1, + = 1
4 6
8 3
HT 23. Cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng 2 . Bit A (1;0) , B (0;2) v trung im I ca AC nm trn ng thng
y = x . Tm to nh C .
5 8
/s: C(-1;0) hoc C ;
3 3
HT 24. Trong mt phng vi h to 0xy, cho im A(2; 1). Ly im B nm trn trc honh c honh khng m
sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Tm to B, C tam gic ABC c din tch ln nht.
/s: B(0; 0); C(0; 5).
HT 25. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy . Cho cc im A (1; 0), B (2; 1) v ng thng d : 2x y + 3 = 0 . Tm
im M trn d sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
8 17
/s: M ;
11 11
II.
Cc bi ton lin quan n ng trn
HT 26. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, vit phng trnh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC vi cc nh: A(2;3),
1
B ; 0, C (2; 0) .
4
2
2
1
1
1
/s: x + y =
2
2
4
HT 27. Trong mt phng Oxy , cho ng trn (C ) x 2 + y 2 6x + 5 = 0 . Tm M thuc trc tung sao cho qua M k
c hai tip tuyn ca (C) m gc gia hai tip tuyn bng 600.
/s: M 1(0; 7 ) v M 2(0;- 7 )
HT 28. Trong
mt
phng
vi
ta
Oxy ,
cho
ng
thng
d : x 5y 2 = 0 v
ng
trn
(L) : x 2 + y 2 + 2x 4y 8 = 0 . Xc nh to cc giao im A, B ca ng thng d v ng trn (L) (cho bit
im A c honh dng). Tm to im C thuc ng trn (L) sao cho tam gic ABC vung B.
/s: A(2 ; 0); B(3 ; 1) C (4; 4)
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HT 29. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho ng trn (C) : x 2 + y 2 + 2x 8y 8 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng
thng song song vi ng thng d: 3x + y 2 = 0 v ct ng trn theo mt dy cung c di bng 6.
/s: 3x + y + 4 10 1 = 0 hoc 3x + y 4 10 1 = 0
HT 30. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hai ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 13 v (C ') : (x 6)2 + y 2 = 25 . Gi
A l mt giao im ca (C ) v (C ') vi yA > 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A v ct (C ),(C ') theo hai
dy cung c di bng nhau (hai dy cung ny khc nhau).
/s: x + 3y 7 = 0
HT 31. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C) : x 2 + y 2 = 1 . Tm cc gi tr thc ca m sao cho trn
x y + m = 0 c duy nht mt im m t c th k c hai tip tuyn vi (C) sao cho gc gia hai
ng thng
tip tuyn ny bng 900

/s: m = 2 .
HT 32. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho ng thng (d): 3x 4y + 5 = 0 v ng trn (C)
x 2 + y 2 + 2x 6y + 9 = 0 .Tm nhng im M thuc (C) v N thuc d sao cho MN c di nh nht.

/s: M M1, N N 0
HT 33. Trong
2
mt
phng
vi
ta
Oxy
cho
cc
ng
trn
(C 1 ) : (x 1) + y 2 =
1
2
(C 2 ) : (x 2) + (y 2) = 4 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d tip xc vi ng trn (C 1 ) v ct ng trn (C 2 )
ti hai im M, N sao cho MN = 2 2

MN : x + y 2 = 0 , MN : x + 7y 6 = 0
/s:
MN : x y 2 = 0 , MN : 7x y 2 = 0
HT 34. Cho hai ng trn (C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 2y 3 = 0; (C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 8x 8y + 28 = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip
tuyn chung ca (C1) v (C2)
/s: x 2 = 0 ; 3x 4y + 14 = 0 ; 3x 4y 6 = 0 ; 7x + 24y 14 = 0
HT 35. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh: x 2 + y 2 + 4 3x 4 = 0 . Tia Oy ct
(C) ti im A. Lp phng trnh ng trn (C) c bn knh R ' = 2 , bit (C) tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C ) ti A.
/s: x 3
+ (y 3) = 4 .
HT 36. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho ng trn ( C) c phng trnh: (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 = 4 v im K(
3;4) . Lp phng trnh ng trn (T) tm K ct ng trn (C ) Ti hai im A,B Sao cho din tch tam gic IAB ln
nht vi I l tm ca ng trn (C )
/s: (T1 ) : (x y )2 + (y 4)2 = 4 hoc (T2 ) : (x 3)2 + (y 4)2 = 20
III.
Cc bi ton lin quan n t gic
HT 37. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I l giao im ca
hai ng thng: d1 : x y 3 = 0 , d2 : x + y 6 = 0 . Trung im mt cnh l giao im ca d1 v tia Ox . Tm ta
cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
/s: A(2 ; 1) D (4; 1) C (7;2) & B (5; 4)
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HT 38. Vit phng trnh cnh AB ca hnh ch nht ABCD bit cnh AB, BC, CD, DA ln lt i qua cc im M(4;5),
N(6;5), P(5;2), Q(2;1) v din tch hnh ch nht l 16.
/s: AB : x + y 1 = 0 hoc AB : x + 3y 11 = 0
9 3
HT 39. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch 12, tm I ; v trung im ca
2 2
cnh AD l M(3;0). Xc nh ta cc nh cn li ca hnh ch nht ABCD.
/s: A (2;1) , D (4; 1) C (7;2), B (5; 4)
HT 40. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hnh ch nht ABCD c cnh AB : x 2y 1 = 0 , ng cho
BD : x 7y + 14 = 0 v cc ng cho AC qua im M (2;1) . Tm ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht.

/s: B(7; 3) D(0;2), A(1; 0),C (6; 5)
HT 41. Trong mt phng to Oxy vit phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh ch nht ABCD .Bit rng AB = 2BC , A ,
4
B thuc ng thng i qua M ;1 , B , C thuc ng thng i qua N (0; 3) , A , D thuc ng thng i qua
3
1
P 4; , C , D thuc ng thng i qua Q(6;2) .
3
/s:
AB : y = 3 / 17(x + 4 / 3) + 1, DC : y = 3 / 17(x 6) + 2,
BC : x 3 / 17y + 9 / 17 = 0, AD : x 3 / 17y 4 3 / 17 = 0
HT 42. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hnh vung c nh l (-4; 8) v mt ng cho c phng trnh
7x y + 8 = 0 . Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca hnh vung.

/s: AB : 3x 4y + 32 = 0; AD : 4x + 3y + 1 = 0 BC : 4x + 3y 24 = 0;CD : 3x 4y + 7 = 0
HT 43. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c nh A(4; 5), ng cho BD c phng trnh:
y 3 = 0 . Tm to ca cc nh cn li ca hnh vung .
/s: A(4;5), B(6;3), C(4;1), D(2;3) hoc A(4;5), B(2;3), C(4;1), D(6;3).
HT 44. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c M l trung im ca cnh BC, phng trnh ng thng DM:
x y 2 = 0 v C (3; 3) .Bit nh A thuc ng thng d : 3x + y 2 = 0 . Xc nh to cc nh A,B,D.

/s: A (1; 5) , B (3; 1) , D (5; 3)
1
HT 45. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hnh thoi ABCD c tm I (2;1) v AC = 2BD. im M 0; thuc
3
ng thng AB, im N(0;7) thuc ng thng CD. Tm ta nh B bit B c honh dng.
/s: B( 1; -1)
HT 46. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho hnh thoi ABCD
bit ng thng AB : x + 3y + 1 = 0
ng thng cha ng cho BD c phng trnh: x y + 5 = 0 . ng thng AD i qua im M (1;2) . Tm ta
tm ca hnh thoi ABCD. /s: I (2; 3)
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HT 47. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c din tch bng 18, y ln CD nm trn ng thng
c phng trnh: x y + 2 = 0. Bit hai ng cho AC, BD vung gc vi nhau ti im I (3;1). Vit phng trnh
ng thng BC , bit C c honh m.
/s: BC : x + 2y 1 = 0
HT 48. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy , cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1;0), B(0;2) v giao im I
ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y = x. Tm ta cc nh C v D.
5 8 8 2
/s: C ; , D ; hoc C (1; 0), D (0; 2)
3 3 3 3
IV. Tng hp
HT 49. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho ng thng d : x 5y 2 = 0 v ng trn (C ) :
x 2 + y 2 + 2x 4y 8 = 0 . Xc nh ta cc giao im A , B ca ng trn (C ) v ng thng d (cho bit im A
c honh dng). Tm ta C thuc ng trn (C ) sao cho tam gic ABC vung B .
/s: C (-4;4).
HT 50. Trong mt phng to Oxy cho ng trn (C ) x 2 + y 2 + 4x 6y + 9 = 0 v im M (1; 8) Vit phng
trnh ng thng d qua M sao cho d ct (C ) ti hai im A , B phn bit m din tch tam gic ABI t gi tr ln
nht.Vi I l tm ca ng trn (C ) .
/s: 7x + y + 1 = 0 & 17x + 7y + 39 = 0
HT 51. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho ng trn (C ) : (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = 9 v ng thng
d : 3x 4y + m = 0 . Tm m trn d c duy nht mt im P m t c th k c hai tip tuyn PA, PB ti (C)

(A, B l tip im) sao cho tam gic PAB l tam gic u.
/s: m = 19, m = 41
HT 52. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trung im cnh AB l M (1;2) , tm ng trn ngoi
tip tam gic l I (2; 1) . ng cao ca tam gic k t A c phng trnh: 2x + y + 1 = 0 . Tm ta nh C .
14 47
/s: C ;
15 15
HT 53.
Cho ng trn (C) ni tip hnh vung ABCD c phng trnh (x 2)2 + (y 3)2 = 10 . Xc nh to
cc nh A, C ca hnh vung, bit cnh AB i qua M(-3; -2) v xA > 0.
/s: a A(6;1);C (2; 5)
HT 54. Trong mt phng vi h to Oxy cho tam gic ABC c A(1; 3) , trng tm G (4; 2) , trung trc ca AB l
(d ) : 3x + 2y 4 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC .
148
46
8
/s: x 2 + y 2
x+ y+ =0
21
7
3
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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TUYN CHN CC BI TON HAY V KH
HT 55. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(1;1) ng cao AH : 2x y + 1 = 0 v cc
nh B, C thuc ng thng : x + 2y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A, B, C ca tam gic ABC bit din tch tam gic ABC
bng 6.
/s: A(1; 3), B(3; 1),C (1;1) hoc A(1; 3), B(1;1),C (3; 1)
HT 56. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. ng thng AB : 7x + 6y 24 = 0,
BC : x 2y 2 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng cao t B ca tam gic ABC.
/s: 4x 18y 3 = 0.
HT 57. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c 3 gc u nhn. Vit phng trnh ng thng cha
cnh AC ca tam gic bit ta chn cc ng cao h t A, B, C tng ng l M (1; 2), N (2;2), P (1;2) . /s:
2x + y 6 = 0
HT 58. Trong h ta Oxy cho hnh thang cn ABCD(AB CD, AB < CD ) . Bit A(0;2) D(2; 2) , v giao im O
ca AC v BD nm trn ng thng c phng trnh: x + y 4 = 0 . Tm ta ca cc nh cn li ca hnh thang khi
gc AOD = 450 .
/s: B(2 + 2,2 + 2);C (2 + 4 2;2 + 4 2) hoc B(4 + 3 2, 2 + 2);C (4 + 4 2; 2 2)
HT 59. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD c nh bit A(2;1), I (3;2) (I l giao im ca hai
ng AC v BD). Mt ng thng d i qua C ct cc tia AB, AD ln lt ti M v N. Vit phng trnh ng thng d
sao cho di MN l nh nht.
/s: x + y 7 = 0
HT 60. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD. Gi M l trung im ca BC, N l im trn CD sao cho
11 1
CN = 2ND . Gi s M ; v ng thng AN c phng trnh: 2x y 3 = 0. Tm ta im A. /s: A(1; 1)
2 2
hoc A(4; 5)
HT 61. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho 2 ng thng : x y 4 = 0 v d : 2x y 2 = 0. Tm ta im
N thuc ng thng d sao cho ng thng ON ct ng thng ti im M tha mn: OM .ON = 8 /s: N (0; 2)
6 2
hoc N ;
5 5
1
HT 62. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B ;1 . ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC tip xc
2
vi cnh BC, CA, AB tng ng ti D, E, F. Cho D(3;1), ng thng EF : y 3 = 0. Tm ta A bit A c tung
13
dng. /s: A 3;
3
HT 63. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hai ng thng d1 : 3x + y = 0; d2 : 3x y = 0. Gi (C ) l ng
trn tip xc vi d1 ti A, ct d2 ti hai im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti B. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C ),
bit tam gic ABC c din tch bng
3
v im A c honh dng.
2
2
1
y + 3 = 1
/s: (C ) : x +
+
2 3
HT 64. Trong mt phng vi h ta vung gc Oxy ; cho tam gic ABC c trung im ca cnh BC l im M (3; 1) ,
ng thng cha ng cao k t nh B i qua im E (1; 3) v ng thng cha cnh AC i qua im F (1; 3) .
Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC, bit rng im i xng ca nh A qua tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC
l im D (4; 2) . /s: A (2;2) B (1; 1) C (5; 1)
HT 65. Trong mt phng ta Oxy , cho tam gic ABC c BAC = 900 bit B(5; 0),C (7; 0) , bn knh ng trn ni
tip r = 2 13 6 .Xc nh ta tm ng trn ni tip I ca tam gic ABC bit I c tung dng. /s:
I (1 + 2 5;2 13 6); I 2 1 2 5;2 13 6
HT 66. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh thang vung ABCD vung ti A v D c y ln l CD, ng thng AD c
phng trnh 3x y = 0 , ng thng BD c phng trnh x 2y = 0 , gc to bi hai ng thng BC v AB bng 450.
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Vit phng trnh ng thng BC bit din tch hnh thang bng 24 v im B c honh dng. /s:
2x + y 4 10 = 0
HT 67. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng phn gic trong lA : x + y 3 = 0, ng trung tuyn
mB : x y + 1 = 0, ng cao hC : 2x + y + 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic.

12 39 32 49 8
1
/s: A ; , B ; ;C ;
17 17 17 17 17 17
HT 68. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, tam gic ABC ni tip ng trn tm I (6; 6) v ngoi tip ng trn tm
K (4; 5), bit rng A(2; 3). Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
/s: BC : 3x + 4y 42 = 0; AB : x = 2; AC : y = 3
HT 69. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3), trc tm H (1; 1) v tm ng trn
ngoi tip tam gic I (2; 2). Tm ta cc nh B,C ca tam gic ABC.
/s: B(1;1);C (5; 3) hoc B(5; 3);C (1;1)
HT 70. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c ng cao BH : x + 2y 3 = 0, trung tuyn
AM : 3x + 3y 8 = 0. Cnh BC i qua N (3; 2). Tm ta cc nh A, B, C ca tam gic ABC bit C thuc ng
thng x y + 2 = 0.
31 17 29 10 1 3
/s: A ; ; B ; ;C ;
18 18 3
3 2 2
HT 71. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(0;2), B(2; 6) v C thuc ng thng
d : x 3y + 1 = 0 . Tm ta nh C sao cho phn gic xut pht t nh A song song vi ng thng d . /s: C (2;1)
HT 72. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho 2 ng thng d1 : 2x y 1 = 0, d2 : 2x + y 3 = 0 . Gi I l giao im
ca d1, d2 ; A l im thuc d1, A c honh dng khc 1 (0 < x A 1) . Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua A,
ct d2 ti B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB bng 6 v IB = 3IA.
/s: x + y 5 = 0; 4x + y 11 = 0
HT 73. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC bit trc tm H (1; 0), chn
ng cao h t nh B l K (0;2), trung im cnh AB l M (3;1).

/s: AC : x 2y + 4 = 0, AB : 3x y 8 = 0; BC : 3x + 4y + 2 = 0
4
HT 74. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C 1 ) : (x + 2)2 + (y 1)2 = c tm O1 , ng trn (C 2 )
3
c bn knh bng 2 tm O2 nm trn ng thng d : x + y 2 = 0 v ct (C 1 ) ti hai im A, B sao cho t gic
O1AO2B c din tch bng
4 3
. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C 2 ) .
3
2
2
2
2
1
15
15 5
1
15
15 5
/s: x +
= 4 hoc x + +
= 4
+ y +
+ y
2
6
6
2
2
6
6
2
HT 75. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 25 v ng trn (T ) : x 2 + (y 8)2 = 9. Mt

ng thng d ct (C) ti A, B; ct (T) ti C, D tha mn: AB = BC = CD.
16
/s: 11x + y 16 = 0; x + 3y
=0
3
2
HT 76. Vit phng trnh ng thng d.Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho ng trn (C ) : (x 4) + y 2 = 4
v im E (4;1) .Tm to im M trn trc tung sao cho t im M k c hai tip tuyn MA, MB n ng trn
(C ) vi A, B l cc tip im sao cho ng thng AB i qua E .

/s: M (0; 4)
HT 77. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c phng trnh cnh BD l x y = 0. ng thng AB
i qua im P (1; 3), ng thng CD i qua im Q(2; 2 3). Tm ta cc nh ca hnh thoi, bit di
AB = AC v im B c honh ln hn 1.
/s: A( 3 1; 3 1), B(2;2);C ( 3 1; 3 1); D(4; 4)
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HT 78. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD vi A(1;2) , B thuc d1 : x + 2y 1 = 0, C thuc
d2 : x + 2y + 8 = 0. Tm ta cc nh cn li ca hnh vung.
27 11 6 33 16 12
/s: B ; ;C ; ; D ;
5
5 5
5 5
5
HT 79. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(2; 3), ng phn gic trong gc A c phng
trnh x y + 1 = 0 v tm ng trn ngoi tip I (6; 6). Vit phng trnh cnh BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC gp 3
ln din tch tam gic IBC.
/s: BC : 3x + 4y 54 = 0 hoc 3x + 4y 36 = 0
2
HT 80. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : (x 1) + (y 3) = 5 v hai im A(2;1); B(0; 5) . T

im M thuc ng thng d : x + 2y + 1 = 0 k hai tip tuyn n (C ) . Gi E , F l hai im tng ng. Tm ta
E, F bit ABEF l hnh thang.

3 5 + 2 3
3 5 2 3
/s: E
;
;
;C
2 2
2
2
HT 81. Trong mt phng vi h ta cc vung gc Oxy , xt tam gic ABC vung ti A , phng trnh ng
thng BC l : 3x y 3 = 0 , cc nh A v B thuc trc honh v bn knh ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC
bng 2. Tm ta trng tm G ca tam gic ABC .
6 + 2 3
4 + 4 3 6 + 2 3
1 4 3
/s: G1 =
;
;
v G2 =
3
3
3
3
HT 82. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : (x + 6)2 + (y 6)2 = 50. Vit phng trnh ng
thng d tip xc vi ng trn (C ) ti im M ct 2 trc ta ti hai im A, B sao cho M l trung im ca AB.
/s: x y + 2 = 0; x y + 22 = 0; x 5y + 10 = 0;7x + 13y + 182 = 0
HT 83. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d : x y + 1 = 0 v ng trn
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 2x + 4y 4 = 0. Tm im M thuc ng thng d sao cho qua M ta k c cc tip tuyn MA, MB
1
n ng trn (C ),(A, B l cc tip im) ng thi khong cch t im N ;1 n ng thng AB l ln
2
nht./s: M (3; 2)
HT 84. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thang ABCD vung ti A, D c y ln CD, cnh AD : 3x y = 0,
BC : x 2y = 0. Bit gc to bi gia BC v AB bng 450 , din tch hnh thang ABCD bng 24. Tm ta nh B ca
hnh thang bit B c tung dng.
4 10 2 10
/s: B
;
5
5
HT 85. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c A(2; 6) chn ng phn gic trong k t nh A l
3
D 2; tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC l
1
I ;1 . Tm ta nh B, C ca tam gic. /s:
2
B(5; 0);C (3; 4) hoc B(3; 4);C (5; 0)

HT 86. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy , cho ABC cn c y l BC. nh A c ta l cc s dng, hai im B
v C nm trn trc Ox, phng trnh cnh AB : y = 3 7(x 1) . Bit chu vi ca ABC bng 18, tm ta cc nh A,
B, C.
/s: B(1; 0) , C (3; 0), A (2; 3 7 ) .
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TUYN TP THI CC NM 2009 2012
HT 87. A2009 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im I (6;2) l giao im ca hai
ng cho AC v BD. im M (1;5) thuc ng thng AB v trung im E ca cnh CD thuc ng thng
: x + y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.

/s: AB : y 5 = 0 hoc AB : x 4y + 19 = 0
HT 88. A2009 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4y + 6 = 0 v ng
thng : x + my 2m + 3, vi m l tham s thc. Gi I l tm ng trn (C). Tm m ct (C) ti hai im phn
bit A v B sao cho din tch tam gic IAB ln nht.
/s: m = 0 hoc m =
8
15
HT 89. B2009 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : (x 2)2 + y 2 =
4
v hai ng thng
5
1: x y = 0,2 : x 7y = 0. Xc nh ta tm K v tnh bn knh ng trn (C1 ); bit ng trn (C 1 ) tip xc vi

cc ng thng 1;2 v tm K thuc ng trn (C).
8 4
2 2
/s: K ; v R =
5 5
5
HT 90. B2009 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(1; 4) v cc nh B, C
thuc ng thng : x y 4 = 0. Xc nh ta cc im B v C, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 18.
11 3 3 5
3 5 11 3
/s: B ; ;C ; hoc B ; ;C ;
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
HT 91. D2009 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c M (2; 0) l trung im ca AB. ng
trung tuyn v ng cao nh A ln lt c phng trnh l 7x 2y 3 = 0 v 6x y 4 = 0. Vit phng trnh
ng thng AC.
/s: AC : 3x 4y + 5 = 0
HT 92. D2009 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : (x 1)2 + y 2 = 1. Gi I l tm ca (C).
Xc nh ta im M thuc (C) sao cho IMO = 300
3
3
/s: M ;
2
2
HT 93. A2010 CB Cho hai ng thng d1 : 3x + y = 0 v d2 : 3x y = 0. Gi (T) l ng trn tip xc vi d1
ti A, ct d2 ti im B v C sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti B. Vit phng trnh ca (T), bit tam gic ABC c din tch
bng
3
v im A c honh dng.
2
2
2
1
3
/s: (T ) : x +
+ y + = 1
2
2 3
HT 94. A2010 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC cn ti A c nh A(6; 6); ng thng i qua
trung im ca cc cnh AB v AC c phng trnh x + y 4 = 0. Tm ta cc nh B v C, bit im E (1; 3) nm
trn ng cao i qua nh C ca tam gic cho.
/s: B(0; 4);C (4; 0) hoc B(6;2);C (2; 6)
HT 95. B2010 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, c nh C (4;1), phn gic
trong gc A c phng trnh x + y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng BC, bit din tch tam gic ABC bng 24 v
nh A c honh dng.
/s: BC : 3x 4y + 16 = 0
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HT 96. B2010 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A 2; 3 v elip (E ) :
x 2 y2
+
= 1. Gi F1 v F2 l
3
2
cc tiu im ca (E) (F1 c honh m); M l giao im c tung dng ca ng thng AF1 vi (E); N l im i
xng ca F2 qua M. Vit phng trnh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ANF2 .
2
2 3
4
/s: (T ) : (x 1) + y
=
3
3
2
HT 97. D2010 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh A(3; 7), trc tm H (3; 1), tm
ng trn ngoi tip l I (2; 0). Xc nh ta nh C bit C c honh dng.
/s: C 2 + 65; 3
HT 98. D2010 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(0;2) v l ng thng i qua O. Gi H l hnh
chiu vung gc ca A trn . Vit phng trnh ng thng bit khong cch t H n trc honh bng AH.
/s:
5 1 x 2
5 2y = 0 hoc
5 1 x + 2
5 2y = 0
HT 99. A2011 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng : x + y + 2 = 0 v ng trn

(C ) : x 2 + y 2 4x 2y = 0. Gi I l tm ca (C), M l im thuc . Qua M k cc tip tuyn MA v MB n (C) (A v B
l cc tip im). Tm ta im M, bit t gic MAIB c din tch bng 10.
6 4 12
/s: M (0;1; 3) hoc M ; ;
7 7 7
x 2 y2
+
= 1. Tm ta cc im A v B thuc
4
1
(E) c honh dng sao cho tam gic OAB cn ti O v c din tch ln nht.
2
2
2
2
/s: A 2; ; B 2; hoc A 2; ; B 2;
2
2
2
2
HT 100. A2011 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho elip (E ) :
HT 101. B2011 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng : x y 4 = 0 v d : 2x y 2 = 0. Tm

ta im N thuc ng thng d sao cho ng thng ON ct ng thng ti im M tha mn: OM .ON = 8.
6 2
/s: N (0; 2); N ;
5 5
1
HT 102. B2011 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B ;1 . ng trn ni tip tam
2
gic ABC tip xc vi cc cnh BC, CA, AB tng ng ti cc im D, E, F. Cho im D(3;1) v ng thng
EF : y 3 = 0. Tm ta nh A, bit A c tung dng.

13
/s: A 3;
3
HT 103. D2011 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c nh B(4;1), trng tm G(1;1) v
ng thng cha phn gic trong ca gc A c phng trnh x y 1 = 0. Tm ta cc nh A v C. /s:
A(4; 3);C (3; 1)

HT 104. D2011 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho im A(1; 0) v ng trn
(C ) : x 2 + y 2 2x + 4y 5 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng ct (C) ti hai im M v N sao cho tam gic AMN
vung cn ti A. /s: y = 1; y = 3
HT 105.
AA12012 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh vung ABCD.Gi M l trung im ca cnh BC, N
11 1
l im trn CD sao cho CN = 2ND . Gi s M ; v ng thng AN c phng trnh 2x y 3 = 0. Tm ta
2 2
im A./s: A(1; 1) hoc A(4; 5)
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 106.
0968.393.899
AA12012 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : x 2 + y 2 = 8. Vit phng trnh
chnh tc ca elip (E), bit rng (E) c di trc ln bng 8 v (E) ct (C) ti bn im to thnh bn nh ca mt hnh
x 2 y2
+
=1
16 16
3
vung. /s:
HT 107.
B2012 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C1 ) : x 2 + y 2 = 4,
(C 2 ) : x 2 + y 2 12x + 18 = 0 v ng thng d : x y 4 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng trn c tm thuc (C 2 ), tip

xc vi d v ct (C 1 ) ti hai im phn bit A v B sao cho AB vung gc vi d.
/s: (x 3)2 + (y 3)2 = 8
HT 108.
B2012 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh thoi ABCD c AC = 2BD v ng trn tip xc
vi cc cnh ca hnh thoi c phng trnh x 2 + y 2 = 4. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua cc nh A, B, C,
x 2 y2
+
=1
20
5
D2012 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD. Cc ng thng AC v AD ln
D ca hnh thoi. Bit A thuc Ox /s:

HT 109.
1
lt c phng trnh l x + 3y = 0 v x y + 4 = 0; ng thng BD i qua im M ;1 . Tm ta cc nh ca
3
hnh ch nht ABCD.
/s: A(3;1); B(1; 3);C (3; 1); D(1; 3)
HT 110.D2012 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng d : 2x y + 3 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng
trn c tm thuc d, ct trc Ox ti A v B, ct trc Oy ti C v D sao cho AB = CD = 2. /s: (x + 3)2 + (y + 3)2 = 10
HT 111. A 2013 CB Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c im C thuc ng thng
d : 2x + y + 5 = 0 v A(4; 8) . Gi M l im i xng ca B qua C, N l hnh chiu vung gc ca B trn ng thng

MD. Tm ta cc im B v C, bit rng N (5; 4). /s: C (1; 7); B(4; 7)
HT 112. A 2013 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng thng : x y = 0. ng trn (C) c bn
knh R = 10 ct ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho AB = 4 2. Tip tuyn ca (C) ti A v B ct nhau ti mt im
thuc tia Oy . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C). /s: (x 5)2 + (y 3)2 = 10
HT 113. B 2013 CB Trong mt phng vi ha Oxy, cho hnh thang cn ABCD c hai ng cho vung gc vi
nhau v AD = 3BC . ng thng BD c phng trnh v tam gic ABD c trc tm l H (3;2). Tm ta cc nh C,
D./s: C (1; 6); D(4;1), D(8; 7)
HT 114. B 2013 NC Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c chn ng cao h t nh A l
17 1
H ; , chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A l D(5; 3) v trung im ca cnh AB l M (0;1). Tm ta nh C.
5
5
/s: C (9;11)
9 3
HT 115.D 2013 CB. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC c im M ; l trung im ca
2 2
cnh AB, im H (2; 4) v im I (1;1) ln lt l chn ng cao k t B v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
Tm ta im C./s: C (4;1);C (1; 6)
HT 116. D 2013 NC.Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho ng trn (C ) : (x 1)2 + (y 1)2 = 4 v ng
thng : y 3 = 0. Tam gic MNP c trc tm trng vi tm ca (C), cc nh N v P thuc , nh M v trung im
ca cnh MN thuc (C). Tm ta im P. /s: P (1; 3); P (3; 3)
--------------------------------------------------HT---------------------------------------------
Page 42
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
HNH HC GII TCH
TRONG KHNG GIAN
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN
HNH HC GII TCH TRONG KHNG GIAN
BI 1: M U
I. VEC T TRONG KHNG GIAN
1. nh ngha v cc php ton
nh ngha, tnh cht, cc php ton v vect trong khng gian c xy dng hon ton tng t nh trong mt
phng.
Lu :
+ Qui tc ba im: Cho ba im A, B, C bt k, ta c: AB + BC = AC
+ Qui tc hnh bnh hnh: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD, ta c: AB + AD = AC
+ Qui tc hnh hp: Cho hnh hp ABCD.ABCD, ta c: AB + AD + AA ' = AC '
+ H thc trung im on thng: Cho I l trung im ca on thng AB, O tu .
Ta c:
IA + IB = 0 ;
OA + OB = 2OI
+ H thc trng tm tam gic: Cho G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC, O tu .

Ta c:
GA + GB + GC = 0;
OA + OB + OC = 3OG
+ H thc trng tm t din: Cho G l trng tm ca t din ABCD, O tu .

Ta c:
GA + GB + GC + GD = 0;
OA + OB + OC + OD = 4OG
+ iu kin hai vect cng phng: a va b cung phng (a 0) ! k R : b = ka

+ im M chia on thng AB theo t s k (k 1), O tu .
Ta c:
MA = kMB;
OM =
OA kOB
1k
2. S ng phng ca ba vect
Ba vect c gi l ng phng nu cc gi ca chng cng song song vi mt mt phng.
iu kin ba vect ng phng: Cho ba vect a ,b , c , trong a va b khng cng phng. Khi : a ,b , c
ng phng ! m, n R: c = ma + nb
Cho ba vect a ,b , c khng ng phng, x tu .
Khi : ! m, n, p R: x = ma + nb + pc
3. Tch v hng ca hai vect
Gc gia hai vect trong khng gian:
AB = u , AC = v (u , v ) = BAC (00 BAC 1800 )
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0968.393.899
Tch v hng ca hai vect trong khng gian:

+ Cho u, v 0 . Khi :
u.v = u . v .cos(u, v )
+ Vi u = 0 hoac v = 0 . Qui c: u .v = 0
+ u v u .v = 0
+ u = u2
II. H TA TRONG KHNG GIAN

1.
H ta cac vung gc trong khng gian:

Cho ba trc Ox, Oy, Oz vung gc vi nhau tng i mt v chung mt im gc O. Gi i, j, k l cc vect n v,
tng ng trn cc trc Ox, Oy, Oz. H ba trc nh vy gi l h ta cac vung gc Oxyz hoc n gin l h
ta Oxyz.
Ch :
2.
i = j =k =1
v i.j = i.k = k .j = 0 .
Ta ca vect:
u = (x ; y; z ) u = xi + y j + zk
a) nh ngha:
b) Tnh cht: Cho a = (a1; a2 ; a 3 ), b = (b1; b2 ; b3 ), k R

a b = (a1 b1; a2 b2 ; a 3 b3 )
ka = (ka1; ka2 ; ka 3 )
a = b
1
1
a =b
a2 = b2
a3 = b3
0 = (0; 0; 0), i = (1; 0; 0), j = (0;1; 0), k = (0; 0;1)

a cng phng b (b 0)
a = kb (k R)
a = kb
1
1
a2 = kb2
a 3 = kb3
a .b = a1.b1 + a2 .b2 + a 3 .b3
a b a1b1 + a2b2 + a 3b3 = 0
a 2 = a12 + a22 + a 32
a = a12 + a22 + a22
cos(a , b ) =
3.
a
a
a
1 = 2 = 3 , (b1, b2 , b3 0)
b1
b2
b3
a .b
a .b
a1b1 + a2b2 + a 3b3
=
a12
+ a22
+ a32 .
b12
+ b22
+ b32
(vi a , b 0 )
Ta ca im:
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

a) nh ngha:
Ch :
0968.393.899
M (x ; y; z ) OM = (x ; y; z )
(x : honh , y : tung , z : cao )
M (Oxy) z = 0; M (Oyz) x = 0; M (Oxz) y = 0

M Ox y = z = 0; M Oy x = z = 0; M Oz x = y = 0
b) Tnh cht: Cho A(x A ; yA ; z A ), B(x B ; yB ; z B )

AB = (x B x A )2 + (yB yA )2 + (z B z A )2
AB = (x B x A ; yB yA ; z B z A )
x kx
B ; yA kyB ; zA kzB
To im M chia on AB theo t s k (k1): M A
1k
1k
1k
x + x y + y z + z
B ; A
B ; A
B
To trung im M ca on thng AB: M A
2
2
2
To trng tm G ca tam gic ABC:
x + x + x y + y + y z + z + z
B
C ; A
B
C ; A
B
C
G A
3
3
3
To trng tm G ca t din ABCD:
x + x + x + x y + y + y + y z + z + z + z
B
C
D ; A
B
C
D ; A
B
C
C
G A
4
4
4
4.
Tch c hng ca hai vect: (Chng trnh nng cao)

a) nh ngha: Cho a = (a1, a2 , a 3 ) , b = (b1, b2 , b3 ) .
a , b = a b = a2 a 3 ; a 3 a1 ; a1 a2 = (a b a b ; a b a b ; a b a b )
b b
2 3
3 2 3 1
1 3 1 2
2 1
b3 b1 b1 b2
3
2
Ch : Tch c hng ca hai vect l mt vect, tch v hng ca hai vect l mt s.
b) Tnh cht:
i , j = k ;
j ,k = i ;
[a, b ] = a . b . sin (a , b )
k , i = j
[a, b ] a ;
[a, b ] b
a, b cng phng [a, b ] = 0
c) ng dng ca tch c hng:

iu kin ng phng ca ba vect: a, b v c ng phng [a, b ].c = 0
Din tch hnh bnh hnh ABCD:
SABCD = AB, AD
Din tch tam gic ABC:
S ABC =
Th tch khi hp ABCD.ABCD:
AB, AC
2
VABCD.A ' B ' C ' D ' = [AB, AD ].AA '
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0968.393.899
Th tch t din ABCD:
VABCD =
1
[AB, AC ].AD
6
Ch :
Tch v hng ca hai vect thng s dng chng minh hai ng thng vung gc, tnh gc gia hai
ng thng.
Tch c hng ca hai vect thng s dng tnh din tch tam gic; tnh th tch khi t din, th tch hnh
hp; chng minh cc vect ng phng khng ng phng, chng minh cc vect cng phng.
a b a .b = 0
a va b cung phng a , b = 0
a , b , c ong phang a , b .c = 0
5.
Phng trnh mt cu:

Phng trnh mt cu (S) tm I(a; b; c), bn knh R:
(x a )2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2 = R2
Phng trnh x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ax + 2by + 2cz + d = 0 vi a 2 + b 2 + c2 d > 0 l phng trnh mt cu tm I(

a; b; c) v bn knh R =
a 2 + b 2 + c2 d .
BI TP C BN
HT 1.
Cho ba vect a , b , c . Tm m, n c = a , b :
a) a = (3; 1; 2), b = (1;2; m ), c = (5;1; 7 )

HT 2.
b) a = (6; 2; m ), b = (5; n; 3), c = (6; 33;10)
Xt s ng phng ca ba vect a , b , c trong mi trng hp sau y:
a) a = (1; 1;1), b = (0;1;2), c = (4;2; 3)

c) a = (3;1; 2), b = (1;1;1), c = (2;2;1)
HT 3.
b) a = (4; 3; 4), b = (2; 1; 2), c = (1;2;1)

d) a = (4;2; 5), b = (3;1; 3), c = (2; 0;1)
Tm m 3 vect a ,b , c ng phng:
a) a = (1; m; 2), b = (m + 1;2;1), c = (0; m 2;2)

b) a = (2m + 1;1;2m 1); b = (m + 1; 2; m + 2), c = (2m; m + 1; 2)
HT 4.
Cho cc vect a , b , c , u . Chng minh ba vect a ,b , c khng ng phng. Biu din vect u theo cc vect
a ,b , c :
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0968.393.899
a = (2;1; 0), b = (1; 1;2), c = (2;2; 1)

a)
u = (3; 7; 7)
HT 5.
a = (1; 7; 9), b = (3; 6;1), c = (2;1; 7 )

b)
u = (4;13; 6)
Chng t bn vect a , b , c , d ng phng:
a) a = (2; 6;1), b = (4; 3; 2), c = (4; 2;2), d = (2; 11;1)

b) a = (2; 6; 1), b = (2;1; 1), c = (4; 3;2), d = (2;11; 1)
HT 6.
Cho ba vect a ,b , c khng ng phng v vect d . Chng minh b ba vect sau khng ng phng:
a) b , c , d = ma + nb (vi m, n 0)
HT 7.
Cho im M. Tm ta hnh chiu vung gc ca im M:

Trn cc mt phng ta : Oxy, Oxz, Oyz
Trn cc trc ta : Ox, Oy, Oz
a) M (1;2; 3)
HT 8.
b) a , c , d = ma + nb (vi m, n 0)
b) M (3; 1;2)
c) M (1;1; 3)
d) M (1;2; 1)
Cho im M. Tm ta ca im M i xng vi im M:
Qua gc to Qua mp(Oxy) Qua trc Oy
a) M (1;2; 3)
b) M (3; 1;2)
c) M (1;1; 3)
HT 9. Xt tnh thng hng ca cc b ba im sau:

a) A(1; 3;1), B(0;1;2),C (0; 0;1)
d) M (1;2; 1)
b) A(1;1;1), B(4; 3;1),C (9; 5;1)
HT 10. Cho ba im A, B, C.
Chng t ba im A, B, C to thnh mt tam gic.
Tm to trng tm G ca ABC.
Xc nh im D sao cho ABCD l hnh bnh hnh.
a) A(1;2; 3), B(0; 3; 7),C (12; 5; 0)
b) A(0;13;21), B(11; 23;17),C (1; 0;19)
c) A(3; 4; 7), B(5; 3; 2),C (1;2; 3)
d) A(4;2; 3), B(2;1; 1),C (3; 8; 7)
HT 11. Trn trc Oy (Ox), tm im cch u hai im:

a) A(3;1; 0) , B(2; 4;1)
b) A(1; 2;1), B(11; 0; 7)
c) A(4;1; 4), B(0; 7; 4)
HT 12. Trn mt phng Oxy (Oxz, Oyz), tm im cch u ba im:

a) A(1;1;1), B(1;1; 0),C (3;1; 1)
b) A(3;2; 4), B(0; 0; 7),C (5; 3; 3)
HT 13. Cho hai im A, B. ng thng AB ct mt phng Oyz (Oxz, Oxy) ti im M.
im M chia on thng AB theo t s no ?
Tm ta im M.
a) A (2; 1;7), B (4;5; 2)
b) A(4; 3; 2), B(2; 1;1)
c) A(10;9;12), B(20; 3; 4)
HT 14. Cho bn im A, B, C, D.
Chng minh A, B, C, D l bn nh ca mt t din.
Tm ta trng tm G ca t din ABCD.
Tnh gc to bi cc cnh i din ca t din ABCD.
Tnh th tch ca khi t din ABCD.
Tnh din tch tam gic BCD, t suy ra di ng cao ca t din v t A.
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a) A(2; 5; 3), B(1; 0; 0), C (3; 0; 2), D(3; 1;2)

c) A (1;1; 0), B (0;2;1), C (1; 0;2), D (1;1;1)
b) A (1; 0; 0), B (0;1; 0), C (0; 0;1), D (2;1; 1)
d) A (2; 0; 0), B (0; 4; 0), C (0; 0;6), D (2; 4;6)
HT 15. Cho hnh hp ABCD.A'B'C'D'.

Tm to cc nh cn li.
Tnh th tch khi hp.
a) A (1; 0;1), B (2;1;2), D (1; 1;1),C ' (4;5; 5) b) A(2; 5; 3), B (1; 0; 0), C (3; 0; 2), A '(3; 1; 2)
c) A(0;2;1), B(1; 1;1), D(0; 0; 0;), A '(1;1; 0)
d) A(0;2;2), B(0;1;2),C (1;1;1),C '(1; 2; 1)
HT 16. Cho bn im S(3; 1; 2), A(5; 3; 1), B(2; 3; 4), C(1; 2; 0).
a) Chng minh SA (SBC), SB (SAC), SC (SAB).
b) Chng minh S.ABC l mt hnh chp u.
c) Xc nh to chn ng cao H ca hnh chp. Suy ra di ng cao SH.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
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BI 2: PHNG TRNH MT CU
vit phng trnh mt cu (S), ta cn xc nh tm I v bn knh R ca mt cu.

Dng 1: (S) c tm I(a; b; c) v bn knh R:
(S): (x a )2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2 = R2
Dng 2: (S) c tm I(a; b; c) v i qua im A:
Khi bn knh R = IA.
Dng 3: (S) nhn on thng AB cho trc lm ng knh:
x + xB
y + yB
z + zB
Tm I l trung im ca on thng AB: x I = A
; yI = A
; zI = A
.
2
2
2
Bn knh R = IA =
AB
.
2
Dng 4: (S) i qua bn im A, B, C, D (mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD):

Gi s phng trnh mt cu (S) c dng: x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ax + 2by + 2cz + d = 0 (*).
Thay ln lt to ca cc im A, B, C, D vo (*), ta c 4 phng trnh.
Gii h phng trnh , ta tm c a, b, c, d Phng trnh mt cu (S).
Dng 5: (S) i qua ba im A, B, C v c tm I nm trn mt phng (P) cho trc:
Gii tng t nh dng 4.
Dng 6: (S) c tm I v tip xc vi mt cu (T) cho trc:
Xc nh tm J v bn knh R ca mt cu (T).
S dng iu kin tip xc ca hai mt cu tnh bn knh R ca mt cu (S).
(Xt hai trng hp tip xc trong v tip xc ngoi)
Ch : Vi phng trnh mt cu (S):
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2ax + 2by + 2cz + d = 0 vi a 2 + b 2 + c2 d > 0

th (S) c tm I(a; b; c) v bn knh R =
a 2 + b2 + c2 d .
BI TP C BN
HT 17.
Tm tm v bn knh ca cc mt cu sau:
2
a) x + y 2 + z 2 8x + 2y + 1 = 0
b) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4x + 8y 2z 4 = 0
c) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 4y + 4z = 0
d) x 2 + y 2 + z 2 6x + 4y 2z 86 = 0
HT 18.
Vit phng trnh mt cu c tm I v bn knh R:
a) I (1; 3; 5),
R= 3
b) I (5; 3;7),
R=2
c) I (1; 3;2),
HT 19. Vit phng trnh mt cu c tm I v i qua im A:

b) I (0; 3; 2), A(0; 0; 0)
a) I (2; 4; 1), A(5;2; 3)
R=5
d) I (2; 4; 3),
R=3
c) I (3; 2;1), A(2;1; 3)
HT 20. Vit phng trnh mt cu c ng knh AB, vi:

a) A(2; 4; 1), B(5;2; 3)
b) A(0; 3; 2), B(2; 4; 1) c) A(3; 2;1), B(2;1; 3)
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HT 21. Vit phng trnh mt cu ngoi tip t din ABCD, vi:

b) A (2; 0; 0), B (0; 4; 0), C (0; 0;6), D (2; 4;6)
a) A (1;1; 0), B (0;2;1), C (1; 0;2), D (1;1;1)
HT 22.
Vit phng trnh mt cu i qua ba im A, B, C v c tm nm trong mt phng (P) cho trc, vi:
A(1;2; 0), B(1;1; 3),C (2; 0; 1)
A(2; 0;1), B(1; 3;2),C (3;2; 0)
a)
b)
(P ) (Oxz )
(P ) (Oxy )
HT 23.
Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I v tip xc vi mt cu (T), vi:

I (5;1;1)
I (3;2;2)
a)
b)
(T ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 4y 6z + 5 = 0 (T ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 4y 8z + 5 = 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------
BI 3: PHNG TRNH MT PHNG
1.
Vect php tuyn Cp vect ch phng ca mt phng

Vect n 0 l VTPT ca () nu gi ca n vung gc vi ().
Ch : Nu n l mt VTPT ca () th kn (k 0) cng l VTPT ca ().
2.
Phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng

Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 vi A2 + B 2 + C 2 > 0
Nu () c phng trnh Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 th n = (A; B;C ) l mt VTPT ca ().

Phng trnh mt phng i qua M 0 (x 0 ; y 0 ; z 0 ) v c mt VTPT n = (A; B;C ) l:
A(x x 0 ) + B(y y 0 ) + C (z z 0 ) = 0
3.
Cc trng hp ring
Phng trnh mt phng (
)
Cc h s
D=0
A=0
B=0
C=0
A=B=0
A=C=0
B=C=0
Ch :
Tnh cht mt phng (

)
() i qua gc to O
() // Ox hoc () Ox
() // Oy hoc () Oy
() // Oz hoc () Oz
() // (Oxy) hoc () (Oxy)
() // (Oxz) hoc () (Oxz)
() // (Oyz) hoc () (Oyz)
Nu trong phng trnh ca () khng cha n no th () song song hoc chatrc tng ng.
Phng trnh mt phng theo on chn:
x y z
+ + =1
a b c
() ct cc trc to ti cc im (a; 0; 0), (0; b; 0), (0; 0; c)

4.
V tr tng i ca hai mt phng

Cho hai mt phng (), () c phng trnh: (): A1x + B1y + C1z + D1 = 0
(): A2x + B2y + C 2z + D2 = 0
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(), () ct nhau A1 : B1 : C1 A2 : B2 : C 2
() // ()
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
() ()
D2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
() () A1A2 + B1B2 + C 1C 2 = 0
5.
Khong cch t im M0(x0; y0; z0) n mt phng (): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
d (M 0 ,()) =
Ax 0 + By0 + Cz 0 + D
A2 + B 2 + C 2
VN 1: Vit phng trnh mt phng

lp phng trnh mt phng () ta cn xc nh mt im thuc () v mt VTPT ca n.
Dng 1: () i qua im M x 0 ; y 0 ; z 0 c VTPT n = (A; B;C ) :
(): A (x x 0 ) + B (y y 0 ) + C (z z 0 ) = 0
Dng 2: () i qua im M x 0 ; y 0 ; z 0 c cp VTCP a , b :
Khi mt VTPT ca () l n = a , b .
Dng 3: () i qua im M x 0 ; y 0 ; z 0 v song song vi mt phng (): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0:
(): A (x x 0 ) + B (y y 0 ) + C (z z 0 ) = 0
Dng 4: () i qua 3 im khng thng hng A, B, C:
Khi ta c th xc nh mt VTPT ca () l: n = AB, AC

Dng 5: () i qua mt im M v mt ng thng (d) khng cha M:
Trn (d) ly im A v VTCP u .
Mt VTPT ca () l: n = AM , u
Dng 6: () i qua mt im M v vung gc vi mt ng thng (d):
VTCP u ca ng thng (d) l mt VTPT ca ().
Dng 7: () i qua 2 ng thng ct nhau d1, d2:
Xc nh cc VTCP a , b ca cc ng thng d1, d2.
Mt VTPT ca () l: n = a , b .
Ly mt im M thuc d1 hoc d2 M ().
Dng 8: () cha ng thng d1 v song song vi ng thng d2 (d1, d2 cho nhau):
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Ly mt im M thuc d1 M ().
Dng 9: () i qua im M v song song vi hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2:
Dng 10: () i qua mt ng thng (d) v vung gc vi mt mt phng ():
Xc nh VTCP u ca (d) v VTPT n ca ().
Mt VTPT ca () l: n = u, n .
Ly mt im M thuc d M ().
Dng 11: () i qua im M v vung gc vi hai mt phng ct nhau (), ():
Xc nh cc VTPT n , n ca () v ().
Mt VTPT ca () l: n = u , n .
Dng 12: () i qua ng thng (d) cho trc v cch im M cho trc mt khong k cho trc:
Gi s () c phng trnh: Ax + By + C z+D = 0 A2 + B 2 + C 2 0 .

Ly 2 im A, B (d) A, B () (ta c hai phng trnh (1), (2)).
T iu kin khong cch d(M ,()) = k , ta c phng trnh (3).
Gii h phng trnh (1), (2), (3) (bng cch cho gi tr mt n, tm cc n cn li).
Dng 13: () l tip xc vi mt cu (S) ti im H:
Gi s mt cu (S) c tm I v bn knh R.
Mt VTPT ca () l: n = IH
Ch : vit phng trnh mt phng cn nm vng cc cch xc nh mt phng hc
lp 11.
BI TP C BN
HT 24. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M v c VTPT cho trc:
a) M (3;1;1), n = (1;1;2)
b) M (2; 7; 0), n = (3; 0;1)
c) M (4; 1; 2), n = (0;1; 3)
HT 25. Vit phng trnh mt phng trung trc ca on thng AB cho trc, vi:
a) A(2;1;1), B(2; 1; 1)
b) A(1; 1; 4), B(2; 0;5)
c) A(2; 3; 4), B(4; 1; 0)
HT 26.
Vit phng trnh mt phng i qua im M v c cp VTCP a , b cho trc, vi:
a) M (1;2; 3), a = (2;1;2), b = (3; 2; 1)

HT 27.
Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua im M v song song vi mt phng ( ) cho trc, vi:
a) M (2;1; 5), ( ) = (Oxy )

HT 28.
b) M (1; 2; 3), a = 3; 1; 2), b = (0; 3; 4)
b) M (1; 2;1), ( ) : 2x y + 3 = 0
Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua im M v ln lt song song vi cc mt phng to , vi:
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a) M (2;1;5)
0968.393.899
b) M (1; 2;1)
c) M (1;1; 0)
d) M (3;6; 5)
HT 29. Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua ba im A, B, C khng thng hng cho trc, vi:
b) A(0; 0; 0), B(2; 1; 3), C (4; 2;1)
a) A(1; 2; 4), B(3;2; 1), C (2;1; 3)
HT 30. Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua im A v vung gc vi ng thng i qua hai im B, C cho trc,
vi:
a) A(1; 2; 4), B(3;2; 1), C (2;1; 3)
b) A(0; 0; 0), B(2; 1; 3), C (4; 2;1)
HT 31.
Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua hai im A, B v vung gc vi mt phng () cho trc, vi:
A(3;1; 1), B(2; 1; 4)
A(2; 1; 3), B(4; 2;1)
A(2; 1; 3), B(4; 7; 9)
a)
b)
c)
( ) : 2x y + 3z 1 = 0
( ) : 2x + 3y 2z + 5 = 0 ( ) : 3x + 4y 8z 5 = 0
HT 32. Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua im M v vung gc vi hai mt phng (), () cho trc, vi:
a) M (1; 2; 5), ( ) : x + 2y 3z + 1 = 0, ( ) : 2x 3y + z + 1 = 0
b) M (1; 0; 2), ( ) : 2x + y z 2 = 0, ( ) : x y z 3 = 0
HT 33. Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua im M v giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q) cho trc, vi:
a) M (1;2; 3), (P ) : 2x 3y + z 5 = 0, (Q ) : 3x 2y + 5z 1 = 0
b) M (2;1; 1), (P ) : x y + z 4 = 0, (Q ) : 3x y + z 1 = 0
HT 34. Vit phng trnh mt phng () qua giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q), ng thi song song vi mt
phng (R) cho trc, vi:
a) (P ) : y + 2z 4 = 0, (Q ) : x + y z 3 = 0, (R) : x + y + z 2 = 0
b) (P ) : x 4y + 2z 5 = 0, (Q ) : y + 4z 5 = 0, (R) : 2x y + 19 = 0
c) (P ) : 3x y + z 2 = 0, (Q ) : x + 4y 5 = 0, (R) : 2x z + 7 = 0
HT 35. Vit phng trnh mt phng () qua giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q), ng thi vung gc vi mt
phng (R) cho trc, vi:
a) (P ) : 2x + 3y 4 = 0, (Q ) : 2y 3z 5 = 0, (R) : 2x + y 3z 2 = 0
b) (P ) : y + 2z 4 = 0, (Q ) : x + y z + 3 = 0, (R) : x + y + z 2 = 0
c) (P ) : x + 2y z 4 = 0, (Q ) : 2x + y + z + 5 = 0, (R) : x 2y 3z + 6 = 0
d) (P ) : 3x y + z 2 = 0, (Q ) : x + 4y 5 = 0, (R) : 2x z + 7 = 0
HT 36. Vit phng trnh mt phng () qua giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q), ng thi cch im M cho trc
mt khong bng k, vi:
a) (P ): x y 2 = 0, (Q ) : 5x 13y + 2z = 0, M (1;2; 3), k = 2
VN 2: V tr tng i ca hai mt phng

HT 37. Xt v tr tng i ca cc cp mt phng sau:
2x + 3y 2z + 5 = 0
3x 4y + 3z + 6 = 0
a)
b)
3x + 4y 8z 5 = 0
3x 2y + 5z 3 = 0
5x + 5y 5z 1 = 0
c)
3x + 3y 3z + 7 = 0
HT 38. Xc nh m, n cc cp mt phng sau: song song

3x + my 2z 7 = 0
5x 2y + mz 11 = 0
b)
a)
nx + 7y 6z + 4 = 0
3x + ny + z 5 = 0
ct nhau
trng nhau
2x + my + 3z 5 = 0
c)
nx 6y 6z + 2 = 0
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HT 39. Xc nh m cc cp mt phng sau vung gc vi nhau

2x 7y + mz + 2 = 0
(2m 1)x 3my + 2z + 3 = 0
b)
a)
3x + y 2z + 15 = 0
mx + (m 1)y + 4z 5 = 0
VN 3: Khong cch t mt im n mt mt phng.

Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song.
Hnh chiu ca mt im trn mt phng . im i xng ca mt im qua mt phng.
Khong cch t im M0(x0; y0; z0) n mt phng (): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0
d (M 0 ,()) =
Ax 0 + By0 + Cz 0 + D
A2 + B 2 + C 2
Khong cch gia hai mt phng song song bng khong cch t mt im bt k trn mt phng ny n mt
phng kia.
Ch : Nu hai mt phng khng song song th khong cch gia chng bng 0.
MH , n cung phng
im H l hnh chiu ca im M trn (P)
H (P )
im M i xng vi im M qua (P) MM = 2MH

BI TP
HT 40. Cho mt phng (P) v im M.
Tnh khong cch t M n (P).
Tm to hnh chiu H ca M trn (P).
Tm to im M i xng vi M qua (P).

a) (P ) : 2x y + 2z 6 = 0,
M (2; 3;5)
b) (P ) : x + y + 5z 14 = 0,
HT 41. Tm khong cch gia hai mt phng:

x 2y + 3z + 1 = 0
6x 2y + z + 1 = 0
a)
b)
2x y + 3z + 5 = 0
6x 2y + z 3 = 0
M (1; 4; 2)
2x y + 4z + 5 = 0
c)
3x + 5y z 1 = 0
HT 42. Tm im M trn trc Ox (Oy, Oz) cch u im N v mt phng (P):

b) (P ) : x + y + 5z 14 = 0, N (1; 4; 2)
a) (P ) : 2x + 2y + z 5 = 0, N (1;2; 2)
c) (P ) : 6x 2y + 3z + 12 = 0, N (3;1; 2)
d) (P ) : 2x 4y + 4z + 3 = 0, N (2; 3; 4)
HT 43. Tm im M trn trc Ox (Oy, Oz) cch u hai mt phng:

x + y z + 1 = 0
x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0
a)
b)
x y + z 5 = 0
2x + 2y + z 5 = 0
2x y + 4z + 5 = 0
c)
4x + 2y z 1 = 0
HT 44. Tm phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) i qua im A v song song vi mt phng (Q) cho trc. Tnh
khong cch gia (P) v (Q):
a) A (1;2; 3), (Q ) : 2x 4y z + 4 = 0 .
b) A (3; 1; 2), (Q ) : 6x 2y + 3z + 12 = 0 .
HT 45. Tm phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) song song vi mt phng (Q) v cch im A mt khong k cho
trc:
b) (Q ) : 2x 4y + 4z + 3 = 0, A(2; 3; 4), k = 3
a) (Q ) : x + 2y 2z + 5 = 0, A(2; 1; 4), k = 4
HT 46.
Tm phng trnh tng qut ca mt phng (P) cch mt phng (Q) mt khong k:
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a) (Q ) : 3x y + 2z 3 = 0, k = 14
b) (Q ) : 4x + 3y 2z + 5 = 0, k = 29
VN 4: Gc gia hai mt phng

Cho hai mt phng (), () c phng trnh:
(): A1x + B1y + C1z + D1 = 0

(): A2x + B2y + C 2z + D2 = 0
Gc gia (), () bng hoc b vi gc gia hai VTPT n1, n2 .

cos ((),( )) =
Ch :
n1.n2
n1 . n2
00 ((),( )) 900 .
A1A2 + B1B2 + C 1C 2
A12 + B12 + C 12 . A22 + B22 + C 22
() ( ) A1A2 + B1B2 + C1C 2 = 0
BI TP C BN
HT 47. Tnh gc gia hai mt phng:
x + y z + 1 = 0
a)
x y + z 5 = 0
x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0
2x y + 4z + 5 = 0
b)
c)
2x + 2y + z 5 = 0
4x + 2y z 1 = 0
2x y 2z + 3 = 0
3x 3y + 3z + 2 = 0
e)
f)
2y + 2z + 12 = 0
4x + 2y + 4z 9 = 0
4x + 4y 2z + 7 = 0
d)
2x + 4z 5 = 0
HT 48. Tm m gc gia hai mt phng sau bng cho trc:

(2m 1)x 3my + 2z + 3 = 0
mx + 2y + mz 12 = 0
b)
a)
mx + (m 1)y + 4z 5 = 0
x + my + z + 7 = 0
0
= 90
= 450
-----------------------------------------------------------------
BI 4: PHNG TRNH NG THNG
1.
Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng

Phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v c VTCP a = (a1; a2 ; a 3 ) :
x = x + a t
o
1
(d ) : y = yo + a2t
z = zo + a 3t
Nu a1a2a3 0 th (d ) :
2.
x x0
a1
y y0
a2
( t R)
z z0
a3
c gi l phng trnh chnh tc ca d.
V tr tng i gia hai ng thng

Cho hai ng thng d, d c phng trnh tham s ln lt l:
x = x + ta
0
1
d : y = y0 + ta2
z = z 0 + ta 3
x = x 0 + t a1
d : y = y 0 + t a2

z = z 0 + t a 3
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d // d
0968.393.899
a, a cung phng
x + ta1 = x0 + t a1
0
he y0 + ta2 = y0 + t a2 (an t, t ) vo nghiem

z0 + ta3 = z0 + t a3
a, a = 0
a, a cung phng
a, a cung phng

a, M M khong cung phng
M0 ( x0 ; y0 ; z0 ) d
a, M M 0
0 0
0 0
d d
x0 + ta1 = x0 + t a1
he y0 + ta2 = y0 + t a2 (an t, t ) co vo so nghiem

z0 + ta3 = z0 + t a3
a, a cung phng

M0 ( x0 ; y0 ; z0 ) d
a, a , M0 M0 oi mot cung phng

a, a = a, M0 M0 = 0
d, d ct nhau
x + ta = x + t a
0
1
0
1
h y0 + ta2 = y0 + t a2 (n t, t) c ng mt nghim
z0 + ta3 = z0 + t a3
a, a 0
a, a khong cung phng

a, a .M M = 0
a, a , M M ong phang
0 0
0 0
d, d cho nhau
a, a khong cung phng
x + ta1 = x0 + t a1
0
he y0 + ta2 = y0 + t a2 (an t, t ) vo nghiem

z0 + ta3 = z0 + t a3
a, a , M0 M0 khong ong phang a, a .M0 M0 0

d d
3.
a a
a .a = 0
V tr tng i gia mt ng thng v mt mt phng
x = x + ta
0
1
Cho mt phng (): Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 v ng thng d:
y = y 0 + ta2
z = z 0 + ta 3
Xt phng trnh:
4.
A(x 0 + ta1 ) + B(y 0 + ta2 ) + C (z 0 + ta3 ) + D = 0 (n t)
d // () (*) v nghim
d ct () (*) c ng mt nghim
d () (*) c v s nghim
(*)
V tr tng i gia mt ng thng v mt mt cu
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x = x + ta
0
1
2
2
2
2
Cho ng thng d:
y = y 0 + ta2 (1) v mt cu (S): (x a ) + (y b) + (z c) = R (2)
z = z 0 + ta 3
xt VTT ca d v (S) ta thay (1) vo (2), c mt phng trnh (*).
d v (S) khng c im chung (*) v nghim
d(I, d) > R
d tip xc vi (S) (*) c ng mt nghim
d(I, d) = R
d ct (S) ti hai im phn bit (*) c hai nghim phn bit d(I, d) < R
5.
Khong cch t mt im n mt ng thng (chng trnh nng cao)

Cho ng thng d i qua M0 v c VTCP a v im M.
M 0M , a
d(M , d ) =
a
6.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau (chng trnh nng cao)
Cho hai ng thng cho nhau d1 v d2.
d1 i qua im M1 v c VTCP a1 , d2 i qua im M2 v c VTCP a2
a , a .M M
1 2 1 2
d(d1, d2 ) =
a1, a2
Ch : Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2 bng khong cch gia d1 vi mt phng () cha d2 v
song song vi d1.
7.
Khong cch gia mt ng thng v mt mt phng song song

Khong cch gia ng thng d vi mt phng () song song vi n bng khong cch t mt im M bt k trn d
n mt phng ().
8.
Gc gia hai ng thng

Cho hai ng thng d1, d2 ln lt c cc VTCP a1, a2 .
Gc gia d1, d2 bng hoc b vi gc gia a1, a2 .
cos (a1, a2 ) =
9.
a1.a2
a1 . a2
Gc gia mt ng thng v mt mt phng

Cho ng thng d c VTCP a = (a1; a2 ; a 3 ) v mt phng () c VTPT n = (A; B;C ) .
Gc gia ng thng d v mt phng () bng gc gia ng thng d vi hnh chiu d ca n trn ().
sin (d,()) =
Aa1 + Ba2 + Ca 3
A2 + B 2 + C 2 . a12 + a22 + a 32
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VN 1: Lp phng trnh ng thng
lp phng trnh ng thng d ta cn xc nh mt im thuc d v mt VTCP ca n.

Dng 1: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v c VTCP a = (a1; a2 ; a 3 ) :
x = x + a t
o
1
(d ) : y = yo + a2t
z = zo + a 3t
( t R)
Dng 2: d i qua hai im A, B:

Mt VTCP ca d l AB .
Dng 3: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v song song vi ng thng cho trc:
V d // nn VTCP ca cng l VTCP ca d.
Dng 4: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v vung gc vi mt phng (P) cho trc:
V d (P) nn VTPT ca (P) cng l VTCP ca d.
Dng 5: d l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q):
Cch 1: Tm mt im v mt VTCP.
(P )
Tm to mt im A d: bng cch gii h phng trnh
(vi vic chn gi tr cho mt n)
(Q )
Tm mt VTCP ca d: a = nP , nQ
Cch 2: Tm hai im A, B thuc d, ri vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im .

Dng 6: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v vung gc vi hai ng thng d1, d2:
V d d1, d d2 nn mt VTCP ca d l: a = ad , ad
1 2
Dng 7: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) , vung gc v ct ng thng .
Cch 1: Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M0 trn ng thng .

H
M H u
0
Khi ng thng d l ng thng i qua M0, H.
Cch 2: Gi (P) l mt phng i qua A v vung gc vi d; (Q) l mt phng i qua A v cha d. Khi d = (P) (Q)
Dng 8: d i qua im M 0 (x 0 ; y0 ; z 0 ) v ct hai ng thng d1, d2:
Cch 1: Gi M1 d1, M2 d2. T iu kin M, M1, M2 thng hng ta tm c M1, M2. T suy ra phng trnh
ng thng d.
Cch 2: Gi (P) = (M 0 , d1 ) , (Q) = (M 0 , d2 ) . Khi d = (P) (Q). Do , mt VTCP ca d c th chn l a = nP , nQ .
Dng 9: d nm trong mt phng (P) v ct c hai ng thng d1, d2:
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Tm cc giao im A = d1 (P), B = d2 (P). Khi d chnh l ng thng AB.

Dng 10: d song song vi v ct c hai ng thng d1, d2:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha v d1, mt phng (Q) cha v d2.
Khi d = (P) (Q).
Dng 11: d l ng vung gc chung ca hai ng thng d1, d2 cho nhau:
MN d
1
Cch 1: Gi M d1, N d2. T iu kin
, ta tm c M, N.
MN d2
Khi , d l ng thng MN.
Cch 2:
V d d1 v d d2 nn mt VTCP ca d c th l: a = ad , ad .
1 2
Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d v d1, bng cch:
+ Ly mt im A trn d1.
+ Mt VTPT ca (P) c th l: nP = a , ad .
1
Tng t lp phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha d v d2.

Khi d = (P) (Q).
Dng 12: d l hnh chiu ca ng thng ln mt phng (P):
Lp phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha v vung gc vi mt phng (P) bng cch:
Ly M .
V (Q) cha v vung gc vi (P) nn nQ = a, nP .
Khi d = (P) (Q).
Dng 13: d i qua im M, vung gc vi d1 v ct d2:
Cch 1: Gi N l giao im ca d v d2. T iu kin MN d1, ta tm c N.

Khi , d l ng thng MN.
Cch 2:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua M v vung gc vi d1.
Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha M v d2.
Khi d = (P) (Q).
BI TP C BN
HT 49. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im M v c VTCP a cho trc:
a) M (1;2; 3), a = (1; 3; 5)
b) M (0; 2; 5), a = (0;1; 4)
c) M (1; 3; 1), a = (1;2; 1)
d) M (3; 1; 3), a = (1; 2; 0)
HT 50.
e) M (3; 2; 5), a = (2; 0; 4)
f) M (4; 3; 2), a = (3; 0; 0)
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua hai im A, B cho trc:
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a) A (2;3; 1) , B (1;2; 4)
b) A (1; 1; 0) , B (0;1;2)
c) A (3;1; 5) , B (2;1; 1)
d) A (2;1; 0) , B (0;1;2)
e) A (1;2; 7) , B (1;2; 4)
f) A (2;1; 3) , B (4;2; 2)
HT 51. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A v song song vi ng thng cho trc:
b) A (2; 5; 3), qua M (5; 3;2), N (2;1; 2)
a) A (3;2; 4) , Ox
x = 2 3t
c) A(2; 5; 3), :
y = 3 + 4t
z = 5 2t
d) A(4; 2;2), :
x +2 y 5 z 2
=
=
4
2
3
HT 52. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A v vung gc vi mt phng (P) cho trc:
a) A(2; 4; 3) , (P) : 2x 3y + 6z + 19 = 0
b) A (1; 1; 0) , (P ) : (Oxy)
c) A (3;2;1), (P ) : 2x 5y + 4 = 0
d) A(2; 3;6), (P ) : 2x 3y + 6z + 19 = 0
HT 53.
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (P), (Q) cho trc:
(P ) : 6x + 2y + 2z + 3 = 0
(P ) : 2x 3y + 3z 4 = 0
(P ) : 3x + 3y 4z + 7 = 0
a)
b)
c)
(Q ) : 3x 5y 2z 1 = 0
(Q ) : x + 2y z + 3 = 0
(Q ) : x + 6y + 2z 6 = 0
(P ) : 2x + y z + 3 = 0
d)
(Q ) : x + y + z 1 = 0
(P ) : x + z 1 = 0
(P ) : 2x + y + z 1 = 0
e)
f)
(Q ) : y 2 = 0
(Q ) : x + z 1 = 0
HT 54.
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A v vung gc vi hai ng thng d1, d2 cho trc:
x = 1 + 2t
x = 1 t
x = 1 + t
x = 1 + 3t
a) A(1; 0; 5), d1 : y = 3 2t , d2 : y = 2 + t
b) A(2; 1;1), d1 : y = 2 + t , d2 :
y = 2 + t
z = 1 + t
z = 1 3t
z = 3
z = 3 + t
x = 1 t
c) A(1; 2; 3), d1 :
y = 2 2t , d2
z = 3 3t
x = 1
: y = 2 + t
z = 3 + t
x = 7 + 3t
d) A(4;1; 4), d1 :
y = 4 2t , d2
z = 4 + 3t
x = 1 + t
: y = 9 + 2t
z = 12 t
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A, vung gc v ct ng thng cho trc:
x = t
x = 3 + 2t
b) A(4; 2; 4), d :
a) A(1;2; 2), : y = 1 t
y = 1 t
z = 2t
z = 1 + 4t
HT 55.
x = 1 + 3t
c) A(2; 1; 3), :
y = 1 + t
z = 2 + 2t
x = t
d) A(3;1; 4), :
y = 1 t
z = 2t
HT 56.
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A v ct c hai ng thng d1, d2 cho trc:
x = 1 + 2t
x = 1 t
x = 1 + t
x = 1 + 3t
a) A(1; 0; 5), d1 : y = 3 2t , d2 : y = 2 + t
b) A(2; 1;1), d1 : y = 2 + t , d2 :
y = 2 + t
z = 1 + t
z = 1 3t
z = 3
z = 3 + t
x = 1 + 3t
c) A(4; 5; 3), d1 :
y = 3 2t , d2
z = 2 t
x = 2 + 2t
: y = 1 + 3t d) A(2;1; 1), d1
z = 1 5t
x = 1 + 3t
: y = 2 + 4t , d2
z = 3 + 5t
x = t
: y = t
z = 2t
HT 57. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng nm trong mt phng (P) v ct c hai ng thng d1, d2 cho
trc:
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(P ) : y + 2z = 0
a)
x 1 y
z
d1 :
= = , d2
1 4
1
0968.393.899
x = 2 t
: y = 4 + 2t
z = 1
(P ) : 2x 3y + 3z 4 = 0
x = 7 + 3t
x = 1 + t
c)
d1 : y = 4 2t , d2 : y = 9 + 2t
z = 4 + 3t
z = 12 t
(P ) : 6x + 2y + 2z + 3 = 0
x = 1 + 2t
x = 1 t
b)
d1 : y = 3 2t , d2 : y = 2 + t
z = 1 + t
z = 1 3t
(P ) : 3x + 3y 4z + 7 = 0
x = 1 t
x = 1
d)
d1 : y = 2 2t , d2 : y = 2 + t
z = 3 3t
z = 3 + t
HT 58. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng song song vi ng thng v ct c hai ng thng d1, d2 cho
trc:
: x = y 1 = z 1
: x = y 1 = z 5
2
1
2
3
1
1
x +1 y
z 1
x 1 y + 2 z 2
b) d1 :
a) d1 :
= =
=
=
1
2
1
1
4
3
2
y
+
1
z
+
3
x
+
4
y
+
7
z
d :
d :
=
=
=
=
2
2
3
2
1
5
9
1
: x 1 = y + 2 = z 2
1
4
3
x 1 y + 2 z 2
=
=
c) d1 :
1
4
3
x +4 y +7 z
d2 :
=
=
5
9
1
: x + 1 = y + 3 = z 2
3
2
1
x 2 y + 2 z 1
d) d1 :
=
=
3
4
1
d : x 7 = y 3 = z 9
2
1
2
1
HT 59. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng vung gc chung ca hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2 cho
trc:
x = 3 2t
x = 2 + 3t
x = 1 + 2t
x = 2 + 3t
b) d1 : y = 3 + t , d2 :
a) d1 : y = 1 + 4t , d2 : y = 4 t
y = 1 + 2t
z = 2 + 4t
z = 1 2t
z = 2 + 3t
z = 4 + 4t
x = 2 + 2t
c) d1 :
y = 1 + t , d2
z = 3 t
x = 1 + t
: y = 3 + t
z = 1 + 2t
x = 2 + 3t
d) d1 :
y = 3 t , d2
z = 1 + 2t
x = 1 + 2t
: y = 1 2t
z = 2 + t
Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d l hnh chiu ca ng thng trn mt phng (P) cho trc:
: x + 2 = y 3 = z 1
: x 3 = y 2 = z + 2
a)
b)
2
1
3
1
2
3
(
P
)
:
2
x
y
+
2
z
+
3
=
0
(
P
)
:
3
x
+
4
y
2
z
+
3
=
0
HT 60.
: x + 1 = y 1 = z 3
c)
1
2
2
(P ) : 2x 2y + z 3 = 0
: x = y = z 1
d)
2 1
1
(P ) : x + y z + 1 = 0
HT 61. Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng i qua im A, vung gc vi ng thng d1 v ct ng thng
d2 cho trc:
x = 1
x 1 y 2 z
a) A(0;1;1), d1 :
=
= , d2 : y = t
3
1
1
z = 1 + t
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x 1 y + 1 z
b) A(1;1;1), d1 :
=
= , d2
2
1
1
c) A(1;2; 3), d1 :
x = 2
: y = 1 + 2t
z = 1 t
x +1 y 4
z
x 1 y + 1 z 3
=
=
, d2 :
=
=
6
2
3
3
2
5
VN 2: V tr tng i gia hai ng thng

xt VTT gia hai ng thng, ta c th s dng mt trong cc phng php sau:
Phng php hnh hc: Da vo mi quan h gia cc VTCP v cc im thuc cc ng thng.

Phng php i s: Da vo s nghim ca h phng trnh cc ng thng.
BI TP C BN
HT 62.
Xt v tr tng i gia hai ng thng d1, d2 cho trc:

x 1 y + 2 z 4
a) d1 :
=
=
;
d2 : {x = 1 + t ; y = t ; z = 2 + 3t
2
1
3
b) d1 : {x = 5 + 2t; y = 1 t; z = 5 t ;
d2 : {x = 3 + 2t '; y = 3 t '; z = 1 t '
c) d1 : {x = 2 + 2t; y = 1 + t; z = 1;
d2 : {x = 1; y = 1 + t; z = 3 t
d) d1 :
x 1 y 2 z 3
=
=
;
9
6
3
d2 :
x 7 y 6 z 5
=
=
6
4
2
HT 63. Chng t rng cc cp ng thng sau y cho nhau. Vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca chng:
a) d1 : {x = 1 2t; y = 3 + t; z = 2 3t ; d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 1 + t '; z = 3 2t '
b) d1 : {x = 1 + 2t; y = 2 2t; z = t; d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 5 3t '; z = 4
c) d1 : {x = 3 2t; y = 1 + 4t; z = 4t 2; d2 : {x = 2 + 3t '; y = 4 t '; z = 1 2t '
HT 64. Tm giao im ca hai ng thng d1 v d2:
a) d1 : {x = 3t; y = 1 2t; z = 3 + t ; d2 : {x = 1 + t '; y = 2t '; z = 4 + t '
x + y + z + 3 = 0
b) d1 :
;
2x y + 1 = 0
d2 : {x = 1 + t; y = 2 + t; z = 3 t
HT 65. Tm m hai ng thng d1 v d2 ct nhau. Khi tm to giao im ca chng:

a) d1 : {x = 1 + mt; y = t; z = 1 + 2t ;
d2 : {x = 1 t '; y = 2 + 2t '; z = 3 t '
b) d1 : {x = 1 t; y = 3 + 2t; z = m + t ;
d2 : {x = 2 + t '; y = 1 + t '; z = 2 3t '
2x + y z 4 = 0
c) d1 :
;
x + y 3 = 0
x + 2y + mz 3 = 0
d2 :
2x + y + z 6 = 0
VN 3: V tr tng i gia ng thng v mt phng

xt VTT gia ng thng v mt phng, ta c th s dng mt trong cc phng php sau:
Phng php hnh hc: Da vo mi quan h gia VTCP ca ng thng v VTPT ca mt phng.
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Phng php i s: Da vo s nghim ca h phng trnh ng thng v mt phng.

BI TP C BN
HT 66. Xt v tr tng i gia ng thng d v mt phng (P). Tm giao im (nu c) ca chng:
a) d : {x = 2t; y = 1 t; z = 3 + t ;
(P ) : x + y + z 10 = 0
b) d : {x = 3t 2; y = 1 4t; z = 4t 5;
(P ) : 4x 3y 6z 5 = 0
c) d :
x 12 y 9 z 1
=
=
;
4
3
1
d) d :
x + 11 y 3 z
=
= ; (P ) : 3x 3y + 2z 5 = 0
2
4
3
e) d :
x 13 y 1 z 4
=
=
;
8
2
3
(P ) : 3x + 5y z 2 = 0
(P ) : x + 2y 4z + 1 = 0
3x + 5y + 7z + 16 = 0
f) d :
;
2x y + z 6 = 0
(P ) : 5x z 4 = 0
2x + 3y + 6z 10 = 0
;
g) d :
x + y + z + 5 = 0
(P ) : y + 4z + 17 = 0
HT 67. Cho ng thng d v mt phng (P). Tm m, n :

i) d ct (P).
ii) d // (P).
iii) d (P).
a) d :
x 1
y +2
z +3
=
=
;
m
2m 1
2
(P ) : x + 3y 2z 5 = 0
b) d :
x +1 y 3
z 1
=
=
;
2
m
m 2
(P ) : x + 3y + 2z 5 = 0
iv) d (P).
HT 68. Cho ng thng d v mt phng (P). Tm m, n :

a) d : {x = m + t; y = 2 t; z = 3t ct (P ) : 2x y + z 5 = 0 ti im c tung bng 3.
x 2y 3 = 0
b) d :
ct (P ) : 2x + y + 2z 2m = 0 ti im c cao bng 1.
y + 2z + 5 = 0
x + 2y 3 = 0
c) d :
ct (P ) : x + y + z + m = 0
3x 2z 7 = 0
VN 5: Khong cch
1.
Khong cch t im M n ng thng d
Cch 1: Cho ng thng d i qua M0 v c VTCP a .
M 0M , a
d(M , d ) =
a
Cch 2:
Tm hnh chiu vung gc H ca M trn ng thng d.

d(M,d) = MH.
Cch 3:
Gi N(x; y; z) d. Tnh MN2 theo t (t tham s trong phng trnh ng thng d).
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Tm t MN2 nh nht.
Khi N H. Do d(M,d) = MH.
2.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau

Cho hai ng thng cho nhau d1 v d2.
d1 i qua im M1 v c VTCP a1 , d2 i qua im M2 v c VTCP a2
a , a .M M
1 2 1 2
d(d1, d2 ) =
a , a
1 2
Ch : Khong cch gia hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2 bng khong cch gia d1 vi mt phng () cha d2 v
song song vi d1.
3.
Khong cch gia hai ng thng song song bng khong cch t mt im thuc ng thng ny n ng
thng kia.
4.
Khong cch gia mt ng thng v mt mt phng song song

Khong cch gia ng thng d vi mt phng () song song vi n bng khong cch t mt im M bt k trn d
n mt phng ().
BI TP C BN
HT 69. Tnh khong cch t im A n ng thng d:
x = 1 4t
a) A(2; 3;1), d :
b) A(1;2; 6), d
y = 2 + 2t
z = 4t 1
c) A(1; 0; 0), d :
x 2 y 1 z
=
=
1
2
1
x = 2 + 2t
: y = 1 t
z = t 3
d) A(2; 3;1), d :
x + 2 y 1 z +1
=
=
1
2
2
HT 70. Chng minh hai ng thng d1, d2 cho nhau. Tnh khong cch gia chng:
a) d1 : {x = 1 2t; y = 3 + t; z = 2 3t ;
d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 1 + t '; z = 3 2t '
b) d1 : {x = 1 + 2t; y = 2 2t; z = t;
d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 5 3t '; z = 4
c) d1 : {x = 3 2t; y = 1 + 4t; z = 4t 2;
d2 : {x = 2 + 3t '; y = 4 t '; z = 1 2t '
HT 71. Chng minh hai ng thng d1, d2 song song vi nhau. Tnh khong cch gia chng:
a) d1 : {x = 3 + 2t, y = 4 + 3t, z = 2 + t ;
d2 : {x = 4 + 4t, y = 5 + 6t, z = 3 + 2t
b) d1 :
x 1 y + 2 z 3
=
=
;
2
6
8
d2 :
x +2 y 3 z +1
=
=
3
9
12
HT 72. Chng minh ng thng d song song vi mt phng (P). Tnh khong cch gia chng:
a) d : {x = 3t 2; y = 1 4t; z = 4t 5;
(P ) : 4x 3y 6z 5 = 0
b) d : {x = 1 2t; y = t; z = 2 + 2t ;
(P ) : x + z + 8 = 0
x y + 2z + 1 = 0
;
c) d :
2x + y z 3 = 0
(P ) : 2x 2y + 4z + 5 = 0
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VN 6: Gc
1.
Gc gia hai ng thng

Cho hai ng thng d1, d2 ln lt c cc VTCP a1, a2 .
Gc gia d1, d2 bng hoc b vi gc gia a1, a2 .
cos (a1, a2 ) =
2.
a1.a2
a1 . a2
Gc gia mt ng thng v mt mt phng

Cho ng thng d c VTCP a = (a1; a2 ; a 3 ) v mt phng () c VTPT n = (A; B;C ) .
Gc gia ng thng d v mt phng () bng gc gia ng thng d vi hnh chiu d ca n trn ().
sin (d,()) =
Aa1 + Ba2 + Ca 3
A2 + B 2 + C 2 . a12 + a22 + a 32
BI TP C BN
HT 73. Tnh gc gia hai ng thng:
a) d1 : {x = 1 + 2t, y = 1 + t, z = 3 + 4t ;
b) d1 :
x 1 y + 2 z 4
=
=
;
2
1
2
d2 : { x = 2 t, y = 1 + 3t, z = 4 + 2t
d2 :
2x 3y 3z 9 = 0
c) d1 :
;
x 2y + z + 3 = 0
x +2 y 3 z +4
=
=
3
6
2
d2 : {x = 9t; y = 5t; z = 3 + t
HT 74. Chng minh hai ng thng sau vung gc vi nhau:

7x 2z 15 = 0
x y z 7 = 0
a) d1 :
;
d2 :
7y + 5z + 34 = 0
3x 4y 11 = 0
HT 75. Tm m gc gia hai ng thng sau bng :
a) d1 : x = 1 + t; y = t 2; z = 2 + t ;
d2 : x = 2 + t; y = 1 + t 2; z = 2 + mt ;
= 600 .
HT 76. Tnh gc gia ng thng d v mt phng (P)::

x 1 y 1 z + 3
a) d :
=
=
;
(P ) : 2x y 2z 10 = 0 .
1
2
3
b) d : x = 1; y = 2 + t 4 5; z = 3 + t ;
(P ) : x 4 5 + z + 4 = 0
x + 4y 2z + 7 = 0
c) d :
;
3x + 7y 2z = 0
(P ) : 3x + y z + 1 = 0
VN 7: Mt s vn khc
1.
Vit phng trnh mt phng
Dng 1: Mt phng (P) i qua im A v ng thng d:

Trn ng thng d ly hai im B, C.
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Mt VTPT ca (P) l: n = AB, AC .
Dng 2: Mt phng (P) cha hai ng thng song song d1, d2:
Xc nh VTCP a ca d1 (hoc d2).
Trn d1 ly im A, trn d2 ly im B. Suy ra A, B (P).
Mt VTPT ca (P) l: n = a , AB .
Dng 3: Mt phng (P) cha hai ng thng ct nhau d1, d2:

Ly im A d1 (hoc A d2) A (P).
Xc nh VTCP a ca d1, b ca d2.
Mt VTPT ca (P) l: n = a , b .
Dng 4: Mt phng (P) cha ng thng d1 v song song vi ng thng d2 (d1, d2 cho nhau):
Ly mt im M thuc d1 M (P).
Dng 5: Mt phng (P) i qua im M v song song vi hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2:
2.
Xc nh hnh chiu H ca mt im M ln ng thng d
Cch 1:
Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua M v vung gc vi d.

Khi : H = d (P)
Cch 2:
3.
H d
im H c xc nh bi:
MH a
d
im i xng M' ca mt im M qua ng thng d
Cch 1:
Tm im H l hnh chiu ca M trn d.

Xc nh im M sao cho H l trung im ca on MM.
Cch 2:
Gi H l trung im ca on MM. Tnh to im H theo to ca M, M.
MM ' ad
Khi to ca im M c xc nh bi:
.
H d
4.
Xc nh hnh chiu H ca mt im M ln mt phng (P)
Cch 1:
Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M v vung gc vi (P).

Khi : H = d (P)
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Cch 2:
5.
0968.393.899
H (P )
im H c xc nh bi:
MH , n cung phng
P
im i xng M' ca mt im M qua mt phng (P)
Cch 1:
Tm im H l hnh chiu ca M trn (P).

Xc nh im M sao cho H l trung im ca on MM.
Cch 2:
Gi H l trung im ca on MM. Tnh to im H theo to ca M, M.
H (P )
Khi to ca im M c xc nh bi:
.
MH , n cung phng
P
BI TP C BN
HT 77. Vit phng trnh ca mt phng (P) i qua im A v ng thng d:
x = 4 + 2t
x = 2 t
a) A(2; 3;1),
d : y = 2 3t
b) A(1; 4; 3),
d : y = 1 + 2t
z = 3 + t
z = 1 3t
c) A(4; 2; 3),
d:
x 1 y + 2 z 5
=
=
3
4
2
d) A(2; 1;5),
d:
x + 3 y + 2 z 1
=
=
2
1
3
HT 78. Vit phng trnh ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng song song d1, d2:
x + 2 y 1 z + 3
a) d1 : {x = 2 + 3t ; y = 4 + 2t ; z = t 1;
=
=
d2 :
3
2
1
b) d1 :
x 1 y + 3 z 2
=
=
,
2
3
4
d2 :
x + 2 y 1 z 4
=
=
2
3
4
HT 79. Vit phng trnh ca mt phng (P) i qua hai ng thng ct nhau d1, d2:
a) d1 : {x = 3t; y = 1 2t; z = 3 + t ;
d2 : {x = 1 + t '; y = 2t '; z = 4 + t '
x + y + z + 3 = 0
b) d1 :
;
2x y + 1 = 0
d2 : {x = 1 + t; y = 2 + t; z = 3 t
x 2y z 4 = 0
c) d1 :
;
2x + y + z + 6 = 0
x z 2 = 0
d2 :
y + 2z + 7 = 0
2x + y + 1 = 0
;
d) d1 :
x y + z 1 = 0
3x + y z + 3 = 0
d2 :
2x y + 1 = 0
HT 80. Cho hai ng thng cho nhau d1, d2. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d1 v song song vi d2:
a) d1 : {x = 1 2t; y = 3 + t; z = 2 3t ; d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 1 + t '; z = 3 2t '
b) d1 : {x = 1 + 2t; y = 2 2t; z = t; d2 : {x = 2t '; y = 5 3t '; z = 4
c) d1 : {x = 3 2t; y = 1 + 4t; z = 4t 2; d2 : {x = 2 + 3t '; y = 4 t '; z = 1 2t '
d) d1 :
x 2 y +1 z
x
y 1 z + 1
=
= ; d2 : =
=
3
2
2
1
2
4
HT 81. Tm to hnh chiu H ca im M trn ng thng d v im M i xng vi M qua ng thng d:
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a) M (1;2; 6),
x = 2 + 2t
d : y = 1 t
z = t 3
c) M (2;1; 3),
x = 2t
d : y = 1 t
z = 1 + 2t
b) M (2; 3;1),
x = 1 4t
d : y = 2 + 2t
z = 4t 1
d) M (1;2; 1),
x = 2 t
d : y = 1 + 2t
z = 3t
HT 82. Tm to hnh chiu H ca im M trn mt phng (P) v im M i xng vi M qua mt phng (P):
a) (P ) : 2x y + 2z 6 = 0,
M (2; 3;5)
b) (P ) : x + y + 5z 14 = 0,
M (1; 4; 2)
c) (P ) : 6x 2y + 3z + 12 = 0,
e) (P ) : x y + z 4 = 0,
M (3;1; 2)
M (2;1; 1)
d) (P ) : 2x 4y + 4z + 3 = 0,
M (2; 3; 4)
f) (P ) : 3x y + z 2 = 0, M (1;2; 4)
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N TP HNH HC GII TCH TRONG KHNG GIAN

I. VIT PHNG TRNH MT PHNG
Dng 1: C bn
HT 83. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im A(2;4;1), B(1;1;3) v mt phng (P):
x 3y + 2z 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua hai im A, B v vung gc vi mt phng (P). /s:
(Q ) : 2y + 3z 11 = 0 .
HT 84.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua hai im A(2;1; 3), B(1; 2;1)
x = 1 + t
v song song vi ng thng d :

.
y = 2t
z = 3 2t
/s:(P): 10x 4y + z 19 = 0 .
HT 85.
(d1 );
HT 86.
Trong khng gian vi h ta
Oxyz , cho 2 ng thng (d1 ) v (d2 ) c phng trnh:
x 1 y +1 z 2
x 4 y 1 z 3
, (d2 ) :
. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) cha (d 1 ) v (d2 ) .
=
=
=
=
2
3
1
6
9
3
/s: (P): x + y 5z +10 = 0
Oxyz , cho mt cu (S) c phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 6y 4z 2 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi gi ca vc t v = (1;6;2) ,

vung gc vi mt phng () : x + 4y + z 11 = 0 v tip xc vi (S).
/s: (P): 2x y + 2z + 3 = 0 hoc (P): 2x y + 2z 21 = 0 .
HT 87.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ie{ m M(1; 1; 1) va hai ng thng (d1 ) :
x
y +1
z
=
=
1
2
3
x
y 1 z 4
. Chng minh rng ie{ m M , d1, d2 cu ng na~ m tre n mo
t ma
t pha ng. Vie t phng trnh ma
t
=
=
1
2
5
pha ng o . /s: x + 2y z + 2 = 0 .
Dng 2: Phng trnh mt phng lin quan ti mt cu
(d2 ) :
HT 88.
Oxyz , cho ng thng d:
x 3 y 3 z
v mt cu (S):
=
=
2
2
1
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 2y 4z + 2 = 0 . Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) song song vi d v trc Ox, ng thi tip
xc vi mt cu (S).
/s:
(P): y 2z + 3 + 2 5 = 0
hoc
(P): y 2z + 3 2 5 = 0 .
HT 89. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2x 4y 4 = 0 v mt phng (P):

x + z 3 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) i qua im M (3;1; 1) vung gc vi mt phng (P) v tip xc
vi mt cu (S).
/s: (Q): 2x + y 2z 9 = 0 Hoc (Q): 4x 7y 4z 9 = 0
Cu hi tng t:
Vi (S ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 4y 4z + 5 = 0 , (P ) : 2x + y 6z + 5 = 0, M (1;1;2) .
S: (Q ) : 2x + 2y + z 6 = 0 hoc (Q ) : 11x 10y + 2z 5 = 0 .
HT 90. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 4y + 2z 3 = 0 . Vit phng
trnh mt phng (P) cha trc Ox v ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn c bn knh r = 3 .
/s: (P): y 2z = 0.
HT 91.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 v ng thng
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x y 2 = 0
d :
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d v ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn c bn knh
2x z 6 = 0
r =1.
/s: (P): x + y z 4 = 0 hoc (P): 7x 17y + 5z 4 = 0
HT 92.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai ng thng 1 :
x
y 1 z
x 1 y
z
v
=
= , 2 :
= =
2
1
1
1
1 1
mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 2y + 4z 3 = 0 . Vit phng trnh tip din ca mt cu (S), bit tip din
song song vi hai ng thng 1 v 2 .
/s: (P): y + z + 3 + 3 2 = 0 hoc (P): y + z + 3 3 2 = 0
HT 93.
Trong
khng
gian
vi
ta
Oxyz ,
cho
mt
cu
(S)
phng
trnh
x + y + z 2x + 4y 6z 11 = 0 v mt phng () c phng trnh 2x + 2y z + 17 = 0. Vit phng trnh

mt phng () song song vi () v ct (S) theo giao tuyn l ng trn c chu vi bng p = 6 .
/s: 2x + 2y z 7 = 0 .
2
Cu hi tng t:
a)
(S ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2x + 4y 6z 11 = 0 , ( ): 2x + y 2z + 19 = 0 ,
p = 8 .
S: ( ) : 2x + y 2z + 1 = 0
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n khong cch

HT 94. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua O, vung gc vi mt phng (Q):
x + y + z = 0 v cch im M(1; 2; 1) mt khong bng

/s: (P): x z = 0 hoc (P): 5x 8y + 3z = 0 .
2.
x 1 y 3 z
=
= v im M(0; 2; 0). Vit
1
1
4
phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M, song song vi ng thng , ng thi khong cch d gia ng
thng v mt phng (P) bng 4.
/s: (P): 4x 8y + z 16 = 0 hoc (P): 2x + 2y z + 4 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
HT 95.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
a) Vi :
x
y
z 1
= =
; M (0; 3; 2), d = 3 .
1
1
4
S: (P ) : 2x + 2y z 8 = 0 hoc (P ) : 4x 8y + z + 26 = 0 .
x = t
HT 96. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng (d ) :
y = 1 + 2t v im A(1;2; 3) . Vit phng
z = 1
trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng (d) sao cho khong cch t im A n mt phng (P) bng 3.
/s: (P): 2x y 2z + 1 = 0 .
HT 97.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho cc im M (1;1; 0), N (0; 0; 2), I (1;1;1) . Vit phng trnh mt
phng (P) qua A v B, ng thi khong cch t I n (P) bng

/s: (P): x y + z + 2 = 0 hoc (P): 7x + 5y + z + 2 = 0 .
3.
HT 98. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho t die

n ABCD vi A(1; 1;2) , B(1; 3; 0) , C (3; 4;1) D(1;2;1) . Vie t
phng trnh ma
t pha ng (P) i qua A, B sao cho khoa ng ca ch t C e n (P) ba~ ng khoa ng ca ch t D e n (P).
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/s: (P): x + 2y + 4z 7 = 0 hoc (P): x + y + 2z 4 = 0 .

Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;2;1), B(2;1; 3),C (2; 1;1), D(0; 3;1) .
S: (P ) : 4x + 2y + 7z 15 = 0 hoc (P ) : 2x + 3z 5 = 0 .
HT 99.
Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz , cho cc im A(1;2; 3) , B(0; 1;2) , C (1;1;1) . Vit phng trnh
mt phng (P ) i qua A v gc ta O sao cho khong cch t B n (P ) bng khong cch t C n (P ) .

/s: (P ) : 3x z = 0 hoc (P ) : 2x y = 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;2; 0), B(0; 4; 0),C (0; 0; 3) .
S: 6x + 3y + 4z = 0 hoc 6x 3y + 4z = 0 .
HT 100. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz , cho ba im A(1;1; 1) , B(1;1;2) , C (1;2; 2) v mt phng (P):
x 2y + 2z + 1 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng () i qua A, vung gc vi mt phng (P), ct ng thng

BC ti I sao cho IB = 2IC .
/s: () : 2x y 2z 3 = 0 hoc () : 2x + 3y + 2z 3 = 0
HT 101. Trong khng gian vi h ta
Oxyz , cho hai ng tha ng d1, d2 la n lt co phng trnh
x 2 y 2 z 3
x 1 y 2 z 1
, d2 :
. Vie t phng trnh ma
t pha ng ca ch e u hai ng tha ng
=
=
=
=
2
1
3
2
1
4
d1, d2 .
d1 :
/s: (P): 14x 4y 8z + 3 = 0
x = 1 + t
HT 102. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai ng tha ng d1, d2 la n lt co phng trnh d1 :
y = 2 t ,
z = 1
x 2 y 1 z + 1
. Vie t phng trnh ma
t pha ng (P) song song vi d1 v d2 , sao cho khong cch t d1
d2 :
=
=
1
2
2
n (P) gp hai ln khong cch t d2 n (P).
/s: (P ) : 2x + 2y + z 3 = 0
HT 103.
hoc (P ) : 2x + 2y + z
17
= 0
3
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vie t phng trnh ma

t pha ng (P) i qua hai ie{ m A(0; 1;2) ,
B(1; 0; 3) va tie p xu c vi ma
t ca u (S): (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 + (z + 1)2 = 2 .
/s: (P): x y 1 = 0 hoc (P): 8x 3y 5z + 7 = 0
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n gc
x 1
y
z
v to
=
=
1
1 2
vi mt phng (P) : 2x 2y z + 1 = 0 mt gc 600. Tm ta giao im M ca mt phng () vi trc Oz.
HT 104. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng () cha ng thng ():
/s: M (0; 0;2 2) hay M (0; 0;2 + 2)

HT 105. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua giao tuyn d ca hai mt
phng ( ) : 2x y 1 = 0 , ( ) : 2x z = 0 v to vi mt phng (Q ) : x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 mt gc m
2 2
9
/s: (P ) : 4x + y + z 1 = 0 hoc (P ) : 23x + 5y + 13z 5 = 0 .
cos =
HT 106.
Oxyz , cho hai im A(1;2; 3), B(2; 1; 6) v mt phng
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(P ) : x + 2y + z 3 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha AB v to vi mt phng (P) mt gc tho mn
3
.
6
/s: mp(Q): 4x y + 3z + 15 = 0 hoc (Q): x y 3 = 0 .
cos =
Cu hi tng t:
a) A(0; 0;1), B(1;1; 0) , (P ) (Oxy ), cos =
6
S: (Q): 2x y + z 1 = 0 hoc (Q): x 2y z + 1 = 0 .
HT 107.
x + y + z 3 = 0
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :
. Vit phng trnh mt
2x + y + z 4 = 0
phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi mt phng (Oxy) mt gc = 600 .
S: (P ) : 2x + y + z 2 2 = 0 hoc (P ) : 2x y z 2 + 2 = 0
HT 108.
Oxyz , cho hai mt phng (P ) : 5x 2y + 5z 1 = 0 v

(Q ) : x 4y 8z + 12 = 0 . Lp phng trnh mt phng (R) i qua im M trng vi gc ta O, vung gc vi
mt phng (P) v to vi mt phng (Q) mt gc = 450 .

/s: (R) : x z = 0 hoc (R) : x + 20y + 7z = 0
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P ) : x y 2z = 0,(Q ) (Oyz ), M (2; 3;1), = 450 .
S: (R) : x + y + 1 = 0 hoc (R) : 5x 3y + 4z 23 = 0
HT 109.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai ng thng c phng trnh: 1 :
x 1 y +1 z 1
=
=
1
1
3
x
y
z
=
= . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha 1 v to vi 2 mt gc = 300 .
1 2 1
/s: (P): 5x + 11y + 2z + 4 = 0 hoc (P): 2x y z 2 = 0 .
v 2 :
Cu hi tng t:
x
y 2 z
x 2 y 3 z + 5
, = 300
=
= , 2 :
=
=
1
1
1
2
1
1
S: (P): x 2y 2z + 2 = 0 hoc (P): x + 2y + z 4 = 0
a) Vi 1 :
Dng 5: Vit phng trnh mt phng lin quan n tam gic

HT 110. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(4; 5; 6). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A, ct cc
trc ta ln lt ti I, J, K m A l trc tm ca tam gic IJK.
/s: (P): 4x + 5y + 6z 77 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1; 1; 1).
S: (P): x y z + 3 = 0
HT 111. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho A(2; 0; 0) M(1; 1; 1). Mt phng (P) thay i qua AM ct cc trc
Ox, Oy ln lt ti B(0; b; 0), C(0; 0; c) (b > 0, c > 0). Chng minh rng: b + c =
bc
. T , tm b, c din tch tam
2
gic ABC nh nht.

/s: min S = 96 khi b = c = 4 .
HT 112. Trong khng gian to Oxyz , cho im A(2;2; 4) v mt phng (P ) : x + y + z + 4 = 0 . Vit phng trnh
mt phng (Q) song song vi (P) v (Q) ct hai tia Ox , Oy ti 2 im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
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6.
/s: (Q ) : x + y + z 2 = 0 .
HT 113.
Trong khng gian to Oxyz , cho cc im A(3; 0; 0), B(1;2;1) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A, B
v ct trc Oz ti M sao cho tam gic ABC c din tch bng
9
.
2
S: (P ) : x + 2y 2z 3 = 0 .
VIT PHNG TRNH NG THNG
Dng 1: Vit phng trnh ng thng bng cch xc nh vect ch phng
x + 1 y 1 z 2
HT 114. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
v mt phng P :
=
=
2
1
3
x y z 1 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A(1;1; 2) , song song vi mt phng (P ) v vung gc
vi ng thng d .
x 1 y 1 z + 2
/s: :
=
=
2
5
3
HT 115. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh: { x = t ; y = 1 + 2t ;
z = 2 + t ( t R ) v mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 3 = 0 .Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng nm trn
(P), ct v vung gc vi (d).
x = 1 + t
/s: :
y = 3
z = 1 + t
HT 116. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng :
x 1 y +1
z
. Lp
=
=
2
1
1
phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua im M, ct v vung gc vi .

x 2 y 1 z
/s:d: d :
=
= .
1
4
2
HT 117. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + 2y 2z + 1 = 0 v hai im A(1;7; 1),
B(4;2;0). Lp phng trnh ng thng (D) l hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng AB trn (P).
Gi (Q) l mt phng qua A, B v vung gc vi (P) (Q): 8x + 7x + 11z 46 = 0.
(D) = (P) (Q) suy ra phng trnh (D).
HT 118. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh hnh chiu vung gc ca ng thng
x 2z = 0
d :
trn mt phng P : x 2y + z + 5 = 0 .
3x 2y + z 3 = 0
x = 4 + 16t
11
/s:: y =
+ 13t .
2
z = 2 + 10t
Cu hi tng t:
x + 1 y 1 z 2
a) Vi d :
, (P ) : x 3y + 2z 5 = 0 .
=
=
2
1
3
x = 1 + 23m
S: :
y = 2 + 29m
z = 5 + 32m
HT 119. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, gi A, B, C ln lt giao im ca mt phng

(P ) : 6x + 2y + 3z 6 = 0 vi Ox, Oy, Oz. Lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua tm ng trn ngoi tip tam
gic ABC ng thi vung gc vi mt phng (P).
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x = 1 + 6t
/s: d: y = + 2t .
2
z = 1 + 3t
HT 120.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho 3 im A(1;2; 1), B(2;1;1);C (0;1;2) v ng thng
x 1 y +1 z + 2
. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca tam gic ABC, nm trong mt
=
=
2
1
2
phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng d.
x 2 y 1 z 1
/s: :
=
=
12
2
11
d:
Dng 2: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n mt ng thng khc

HT 121. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 0) v ng thng d c phng trnh
x 1 y +1
z
. Vit phng trnh ca ng thng i qua im M, ct v vung gc vi ng thng d
d:
=
=
2
1
1
v tm to im M i xng vi M qua d.
8 5 4
x 2 y 1
z
/s::
. M ; ; .
=
=
3 3 3
1
4
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) M (4; 2; 4); d :
x + 3 y 1 z + 1
.
=
=
2
1
4
S: :
x +1 y
z 3
= =
3
2
1
x +1 y 2 z 2
v mt phng (P): x + 3y +
=
=
3
2
2
2z + 2 = 0. Lp phng trnh ng thng song song vi mt phng (P), i qua M(2; 2; 4) v ct ng thng (d).
HT 122.
/s::
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
x 2 y 2 z 4
=
=
9
7
6
Cu hi tng t:
a) d :
x
y 1 z 2
, (P ) : x + 3y + 2z + 2 = 0 , M (2;2; 4) .
=
=
1
2
1
S: :
x 1 y 3 z 3
=
=
1
1
1
b) d :
x 2 y
z +2
, (P ) : 2x + y z + 1 = 0 , M (1;2; 1) .
= =
1
3
2
S: :
x 1 y 2 z + 1
=
=
2
9
5
c)
x 2 y + 4 z 1
x 3 y +2 z +4
, (P ) : 3x 2y 3z 2 = 0 , M (3; 2; 4) . S: :
=
=
=
=
3
2
2
5
6
9
HT 123.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng () : 3x 2y + z 29 = 0 v hai im A(4; 4; 6)

, B(2; 9; 3) . Gi E , F l hnh chiu ca A v B trn () . Tnh di on EF . Tm phng trnh ng thng
nm trong mt phng () ng thi i qua giao im ca AB vi () v vung gc vi AB.
x = 6 + t
: y = 1 + 7t
z = 9 + 11t
HT 124. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 mt phng (P), (Q) v ng thng (d) ln lt c phng trnh:
x 1 y
z 1
. Lp phng trnh ng thng nm trong
(P ) : x 2y + z = 0, (Q ) : x 3y + 3z + 1 = 0, (d ) :
= =
2
1
1
(P) song song vi mt phng (Q) v ct ng thng (d).
171
/s: EF =
14
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/s: () :
HT 125.
0968.393.899
x + 3 y +2 z +1
.
=
=
3
2
1
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im A(1;2; 1), B(2;1;1),C (0;1;2) v ng thng
x 1 y +1 z + 2
. Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua trc tm ca tam gic ABC, nm trong mt
=
=
2
1
2
phng (ABC) v vung gc vi ng thng (d).
(d ) :
/s: :
x 2 y 1 z 1
.
=
=
12
2
11
x
y 2 z
=
= , mt phng
1
2
2
(P ) : x y + z 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ca ng thng d i qua im A , nm trong ( P) v hp vi ng thng
HT 126.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(3; 1;1) , ng thng :
mt gc 450 .
x = 3 + t
x = 3 + 7t
/s: d: y = 1 t Hoc d :
y = 1 8t .
z = 1
z = 1 15t
x 3 y +2 z +1
v mt phng (P):
=
=
2
1
1
x + y + z + 2 = 0 . Gi M l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng (P),
HT 127.
Trong khng gian to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
vung gc vi d ng thi khong cch t M ti bng 42 .

x 5 y +2 z +5
x +3 y + 4 z 5
/s: :
hoc :
.
=
=
=
=
2
3
1
2
3
1
HT 128.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng ( ): x + y z 1 = 0 , hai ng thng ():
x 1
y
z
x
y
z +1
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) nm trong mt phng ( ) v ct ();
=
= , ():
= =
1
1 1
1
1
3
(d) v () cho nhau m khong cch gia chng bng
6
.
2
x = 0
x = t
/s: d :
hoc d :
y = t
y = t .
z
=
1
+
t
z = 1
Dng 3: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n hai ng thng khc
HT 129.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng vung gc chung ca hai ng thng:
x = 3 + 7t
x 7 y 3 z 9
v 2 :
1 :
=
=
y = 1 2t .
1
2
1
z = 1 3t
/s:
HT 130.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im M (4; 5; 3) v ct c
2x + 3y + 11 = 0
x 2 y +1 z 1
hai ng thng: d1 :
v d2 :
.
=
=
y 2z + 7 = 0
2
3
5
x = 4 + 3t
/s: d :
y = 5 + 2t
z = 3 t
Cu hi tng t:
Page 33
GV.Lu Huy Thng
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x
y 2
z
a) M(1;5;0), d1 : =
,d
=
1
3
3 2
x = t
: y = 4 t
.
z = 1 + 2t
S:
x = 3 + 2t
x 2 y +1 z + 3
x 3 y 7
z 1
b) M(3; 10; 1) , d1 :
, d2 :
S: d :
=
=
=
=
y = 10 10t
3
1
2
1
2
1
z = 1 2t
HT 131.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng 1, 2 v mt phng ( ) c phng trnh l
x = 2 + t
x 1 y +1 z + 2
1 : y = 5 + 3t , 2 :
=
=
, () : x y + z + 2 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua
1
1
2
z = t
giao im ca 1 vi ( ) ng thi ct 2 v vung gc vi trc Oy.
x = 1 + 3u
/s: y = 2
.
z = 1 + 5u
x = 1 + t
HT 132. Trong kho ng gian vi heto

a oOxyz, cho ng thng d1 :
y = 1 + 2t , ng thng d 2 l giao tuyn ca
z = 1 + 2t
hai mt phng (P): 2x y 1 = 0 v (Q): 2x + y + 2z 5 = 0 . Go

i I la giao ie{ m cu a d1, d2 . Vit phng trnh
ng thng d3 qua im A(2; 3; 1), o ng thi ca t hai ng thng d1, d2 la n lt ta
i B va C sao cho tam gia c
BIC cn nh I.
HT 133.
/s: d3 : {x = 2; y = 3; z = 1 + 2t
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 4x 3y + 11z = 0 v hai ng thng d1:
x
=
1
y 3
z +1 x 4
y
z 3
=
,
=
=
. Chng minh rng d1 v d2 cho nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng nm
2
3
1
1
2
trn (P), ng thi ct c d1 v d2.
x +2 y 7
z 5
/s::
.
=
=
5
8
4
HT 134.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai mt phng v hai ng thng c phng trnh (P):
x + 5 y 3 z +1
x 3 y +1 z 2
3x + 12y 3z 5 = 0 v (Q): 3x 4y + 9z + 7 = 0 , (d1):
, (d2):
.
=
=
=
=
2
4
3
2
3
4
Vit phng trnh ng thng () song song vi hai mt phng (P), (Q) v ct (d1), (d2).
25x + 32y + 26z + 55 = 0
/s: () :
4y 3z + 10 = 0
HT 135.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y + 2z 3 = 0 v hai ng thng (d1), (d2)
ln lt c phng trnh
x 4 y 1
z
x +3 y +5 z 7
v
. Vit phng trnh ng thng ( )
=
=
=
=
2
2
1
2
3
2
song song vi mt phng (P), ct (d1 ) v (d2 ) ti A v B sao cho AB = 3.

x 2 y + 1 z 1
/s: :
.
=
=
1
2
2
HT 136.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y + z + 1 = 0 v hai ng thng
d1 :
x 1 y + 2 z 3
x +1 y 1 z 2
, d2 :
. Vit phng trnh ng thng song song vi (P), vung
=
=
=
=
2
1
3
2
3
2
gc vi d1 v ct d2 ti im E c honh bng 3.
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
x = 3 + t
/s::
y = 1 + t; .
z = 6 t
HT 137.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1 ) :
x + 8 y 6 z 10
=
=
2
1
1
x = t
(d2 ) : y = 2 t
. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Ox v ct (d1) ti A, ct (d2) ti B. Tnh
z = 4 + 2t
AB.
x = 52 + t
/s d:
.
y = 16
z = 32
x = 23 + 8t
x 3 y +2 z
HT 138. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: (d1):
=
= .
y = 10 + 4t v (d2):
2
2
1
z = t
Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) song song vi trc Oz v ct c hai ng thng (d1), (d2).
x = 1
4
/s AB: y =
17
z =
+t
6
HT 139. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(2,0,0); B(0,4,0); C(2,4,6) v ng thng (d):
6x 3y + 2z = 0
. Vit phng trnh ng thng // (d) v ct cc ng thng AB, OC.
6x + 3y + 2z 24 = 0
6x + 3y + 2z 12 = 0
/s :
3x 3y + z = 0
HT 140. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho bn im A(4;5;6); B(0;0;1); C(0;2;0); D(3;0;0). Chng minh
cc ng thng AB v CD cho nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi mt phng Oxy v ct cc
ng thng AB, CD.
x = 1 2t
HT 141. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh: d1 :
v
y = t
z = 1 + t
x
y
z
d2 :
= = . Xt v tr tng i ca d1 v d2. Vit phng trnh ng thng d qua M trng vi gc to O,
1
1
2
ct d1 v vung gc vi d2.
x = t
/s d :
y = t
z = 0
Cu hi tng t:
x = 2 + 2t
x +2 y
z 1
a) Vi M (1;1;1) , (d1 ) :
, (d2 ) :
.
= =
y = 5t
3
1
2
z = 2 + t
S: d :
x 1 y 1 z 1
=
=
3
1
1
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 142.
0968.393.899
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 ng thng c phng trnh:
x = t
(d1) : y = 4 + t v (d2)
z = 6 + 2t
x = t '
:
y = 3t ' 6 . Gi K l hnh chiu vung gc ca im I(1; 1; 1) trn (d2). Tm phng trnh tham s ca ng
z = t ' 1
thng i qua K vung gc vi (d1) v ct (d1).
x = 18 + 44
11
12
/s (d ):
y = 30
11
7
z =
7
11
HT 143. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(0;1;1) v 2 ng thng (d1), (d2) vi: (d1):
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= ; (d2) l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P): x + 1 = 0 v (Q): x + y z + 2 = 0 . Vit phng
3
2
1
trnh ng thng (d) qua M vung gc (d1) v ct (d2).
x
y 1 z 1
/s AM:
.
=
=
3
2
5
HT 144.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : 2x y + 2z = 0 v 2 ng thng
x 1 y 1 z 1
x 1 y 2 z
, (d ') :
=
=
=
= . Vit phng trnh ng thng () nm trong mt phng
1
3
2
2
1
1
(P), vung gc vi ng thng (d) v ct ng thng (d').
x 1 y 2 z
/s :
=
=
8
2
7
(d ) :
HT 145.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y + z 1 = 0 v hai ng thng (d1):
x 1 y + 2 z 3
x + 1 y 1 z 2
, (d2):
. Vit phng trnh ng thng () song song vi mt phng
=
=
=
=
2
1
3
2
3
2
(P), vung gc vi ng thng (d1) v ct ng thng (d2) ti im E c honh bng 3.
x = 3 + t
/s ():
y = 7 + t .
z = 6 t
HT 146. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3), B(2; 0;1) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh:
3x 8y + 7z + 1 = 0 . Vit phng trnh chnh tc ng thng d nm trn mt phng (P) v d vung gc vi AB
ti giao im ca ng thng AB vi (P).
x 2
y
z 1
/s: d:
=
=
2
1
2
HT 147.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1:
x + 1 y 1 z 1
;
=
=
2
1
1
d 2:
x 1 y 2 z + 1
v mt phng (P): x y 2z + 3 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trn mt
=
=
1
1
2
phng (P) v ct hai ng thng d1 , d2 .
x 1 y
z 2
/s: :
.
= =
1
3
1
HT 148. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi mt phng (P):
x = 1 + t
x 1 y +1 z
x + y + z 1 = 0 ng thi ct c hai ng thng (d1 ) :
, vi t R .
=
= v (d2 ) :
y = 1
2
1
1
z
=
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

/s:
d: x
0968.393.899
1
3
2
=y+ =z +
5
5
5
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P): 2x + y + 5z + 3 = 0 , (d1 ) :
x 1 y +1 z
x 2 y
z 1
=
= , (d2 ) :
= =
2
1
2
1
1
2
S: d :
b) Vi (P ) : 2x y 5z + 1 = 0 , d1 :
x +1 y 1 z 2
x 2 y +2
z
, d2 :
=
=
=
=
2
3
1
1
5
2
S:
HT 149.
x +1 y +2 z +2
=
=
2
1
5
x 1 y 4 z 3
=
=
2
1
5
Trong kho ng gian vi heto

a oOxyz, cho ba mt phng: (P): 2x y + z + 1 = 0 , (Q): x y + 2z + 3 = 0 ,
(R): x + 2y 3z + 1 = 0 v ng thng 1 :
x 2 y +1 z
=
= . Gi 2 l giao tuyn ca (P) v (Q). Vit phng
2
1
3
trnh ng thng (d) vung gc vi (R) v ct c hai ng thng 1 , 2 .

1
1
23
y
z
12 =
12 =
8 .
1
2
3
/s: d:
x = t
HT 150. Trong kho ng gian vi he to
a o Oxyz, cho ba ng thng c phng trnh d1 :
y = 4 t ,
z = 1 + 2t
x
y 2
z
x +1 y 1 z +1
, d :
. Vit phng trnh ng thng , bit ct ba ng thng
d2 : =
=
=
=
1
3
3 3
5
2
1
d1, d2 , d3 ln lt ti cc im A, B, C sao cho AB = BC .
x
y 2 z
/s: : =
=
1
1
1
Dng 4: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n khong cch
x = 2 + 4t
HT 151. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng (d):
v mt phng (P):
y = 3 + 2t
z = 3 + t
x + y + 2z + 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh ng thng () nm trong (P), song song vi (d) v cch (d) mt khong
l 14 .
/s: (1 ) :
HT 152.
x 1 y 6 z + 5
x 3 y
z +1
hoc (2 ) :
=
=
= =
4
2
1
4
2
1
Trong khng gian vi h
to
Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + y z + 1 = 0 v ng thng: d:
x 2 y 1 z 1
. Gi I l giao im ca d v (P). Vit phng trnh ca ng thng nm trong (P), vung
=
=
1
1
3
gc vi d sao cho khong cch t I n bng h = 3 2 .

x 1 y 5 z 7
x 1 y + 1 z 1
/s: :
hoc :
.
=
=
=
=
2
1
1
2
1
1
Cu hi tng t:
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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a) (P ) : x + y + z + 2 = 0 , d :
x 3 y +2 z +1
, h = 42 .
=
=
2
1
1
S: :
HT 153.
Trong khng gian vi h
x +1 y 1 z 3
. Vit
=
=
1
7
1
mt khong bng 2.
x = 19 + 2t
11
45
/s: : y = + t hoc :
11
z = 41 2t
11
d:
x 5 y +2 z +5
x +3 y + 4 z 5
; :
=
=
=
=
2
3
1
2
3
1
to
Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x + y 2z + 9 = 0 v ng thng
phng trnh ng thng vung gc vi (P) v ct d ti mt im M cch (P)
x = 7 + 2t
11
39
y =
+t
11
z = 29 2t
11
Dng 5: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n gc

x
y 2 z
=
= v mt phng
1
2
2
(P): x y + z 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh tham s ca ng thng d i qua A, nm trong (P) v hp vi ng
HT 154.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(3; 1; 1), ng thng :
thng mt gc 450 .
x = 3 + t
/s: d:
y = 1 t hocd:
z = 1
x = 3 + 7t
y = 1 8t .
z = 1 15t
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng nm trong mt phng
x = 1 + t
x = 3 t
; d2 : y = 1 + t v to vi d1 mt gc 300.
(P ) : x + y z + 1 = 0 , ct cc ng thng d1 : y = t
z = 2 + 2t
z = 1 2t
x = 5 + t
x = 5
/s: d:
y = 1 hoc d: y = 1 + t
z = 5 + t
z = 5 + t
HT 155.
HT 156.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp A.OBC, trong A(1; 2; 4), B thuc trc Ox v c honh
dng, C thuc Oy v c tung dng. Mt phng (ABC) vung gc vi mt phng (OBC), tan OBC = 2 . Vit
phng trnh tham s ca ng thng BC.
x = 2 + t
/s: BC:
y = 2t .
z = 0
HT 157.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(2; 1;1), B(0;1; 2) v ng thng
x
y 3 z +1
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua giao im ca ng thng d vi mt phng
=
=
1
1
2
5
(OAB), nm trong mt phng (OAB) v hp vi ng thng d mt gc sao cho cos = .
6
x + 10 y 13 z + 21
x + 10 y 13 z + 21
/s: :
hoc :
=
=
=
=
2
5
11
6
1
1
d:
HT 158.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im A(0;1; 2) , vung gc
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x + 3 y 2 z
=
= v to vi mt phng (P): 2x + y z + 5 = 0 mt gc = 300 .
1
1
1
x = t
=t
= 1 + t hoc
: y = 1 t .
= 2
z = 2 2t
vi ng thng d :
/s: :
y
Dng 6: Vit phng trnh ng thng lin quan n tam gic

HT 159.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi ta nh C(3; 2; 3) v phng trnh ng cao AH,
x 2 y 3 z 3
x 1 y 4 z 3
phng trnh ng phn gic trong BD ln lt l: d1 :
, d2 :
. Lp
=
=
=
=
1
1
2
1
2
1
phng trnh ng thng cha cnh BC ca ABC v tnh din tch ca ABC .
Gi mp(P) qua C v vung gc vi AH (P ) d1 (P ) : x + y 2z + 1 = 0
B = (P ) d2 B(1; 4; 3) phng trnh BC : {x = 1 + 2t; y = 4 2t; z = 3

Gi mp(Q) qua C, vung gc vi d2, (Q) ct d2 v AB ti K v M. Ta c:
(Q ) : x 2y + z 2 = 0 K (2;2; 4) M (1;2; 5) (K l trung im ca CM).

x = 1
AB : y = 4 + 2t , do A = AB d1 A(1;2; 5) S ABC = AB, AC = 2 3 .
2
z = 3 2t
HT 160.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ABC vi A(1; 1;1) v hai ng trung tuyn ln lt c
x = 1 t
x
y 1 z 2
phng trnh l d1 : =
, d2 :
. Vit phng trnh ng phn gic trong ca gc A.
=
y = 0
2
3
2
z = 1 + t
x 1
y +1
z 1
/s: AD l:
.
=
=
1
1
2+ 6
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VIT PHNG TRNH MT CU

HT 161. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho im I (1; 2; 3) . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I v tip xc vi trc
Oy. /s: (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z 3)2 = 10 .
HT 162. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng:
x = 2t
x = 3 t
d1 : y = t v d2 : y = t
. Chng minh d1, d2 cho nhau. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c ng knh l on
z = 4
z = 0
vung gc chung ca d1, d2 .

/s: (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 4.
Cu hi tng t:
x = 2 2t
2
2
2
11
13
1
5
x 2 y 1 z
a) d1 :
y
3
.
S:
(
S
)
:
x
+
y
+
z
+
=
=
= , d2 :
1
1
2
6
6
3
6
z = t
x 2 y 1 z
x 2 y + 4 z 2
b) (d1 ) :
=
= ,(d2 ) :
=
=
1
2
2
1
6
2
2
5
9
S: (S ) : (x 2) + y + (z 3)2 =
2
4
2
HT 163.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng: d1 :
x 4 y 1 z + 5
=
=
3
1
2
x 2 y + 3 z
=
= . Vit phng trnh mt cu c bn knh nh nht tip xc vi c hai ng thng d1 v d2 .
1
3
1
Mt cu nhn on vung gc chung ca hai ng thng l ng knh.
d2 :
Cu hi tng t:
x = 2t
x = 3 t
a) d1 :
.
y = t , d2 : y = t
z = 4
z = 0
S: (S ) : (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 4
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng (1 ) c phng trnh {x = 2t; y = t; z = 4 ; (2 ) l

giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng () : x + y 3 = 0 v ( ) : 4x + 4y + 3z 12 = 0 . Chng t hai ng thng 1, 2
HT 164.
cho nhau v vit phng trnh mt cu nhn on vung gc chung ca 1, 2 lm ng knh.

/s: (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 4
HT 165. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(1; 2; 3) v ng thng d c phng trnh
x +1 y 2 z + 3
. Tnh khong cch t im A n ng thng d. Vit phng trnh mt cu tm A, tip xc
=
=
2
1
1
vi d.
/s: (x 1)2 + (y + 2)2 + (z 3)2 = 50
x +5 y 7
z
v im M (4;1; 6) . ng
=
=
2
2
1
thng d ct mt cu (S), c tm M, ti hai im A, B sao cho AB = 6 . Vit phng trnh ca mt cu (S).
HT 166.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
/s: (S): (x 4)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 6)2 = 18 .

HT 167. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng () : 2x y + 2z 3 = 0
2
v mt cu
(S ) : x + y + z 2x + 4y 8z 4 = 0 . Xt v tr tng i ca mt cu (S) v mt phng ( ) . Vit phng

trnh mt cu (S) i xng vi mt cu (S) qua mt phng ( ) .
2
/s: (S ) : (x + 3) + y 2 + z 2 = 25 .
HT 168. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, lp phng trnh mt cu (S) bit rng mt phng Oxy v mt phng
(P): z = 2 ln lt ct (S) theo hai ng trn c bn knh bng 2 v 8.
/s: (S): (x a )2 + (y b)2 + (z 16)2 = 260 (a, b R).
HT 169.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 2x y 2z 2 = 0 v ng thng d:
x
y +1 z 2
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc d, I cch (P) mt khong bng 2 v (P) ct (S)
=
=
1
2
1
theo mt ng trn (C) c bn knh bng 3.
2
2
2
1
2
13
/s: (S): x + + y + + z = 13 hoc
6
3
6
2
2
2
11
14
1
(S): x + y + + z = 13
6
3
6
HT 170.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 2 im A(0; 0; 4), B(2; 0; 0) v mt phng (P): 2x + y z + 5 = 0 .
Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) i qua O, A, B v c khong cch t tm I ca mt cu n mt phng (P) bng
6
/s: (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 4z = 0 hoc (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 20y 4z = 0
HT 171.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 3; 4), B(1;2; 3),C (6; 1;1) v mt phng
() : x + 2y + 2z 1 = 0 . Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn mt phng () v i qua ba im A, B,C .

Tnh din tch hnh chiu ca tam gic ABC trn mt phng () .
/s: (S ) : (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 1)2 = 25
HT 172.
S'=
85
(vdt)
6
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
x 1 y + 1 z
v mt phng (P):
=
=
3
1
1
2x + y 2z + 2 = 0 . Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn ng thng d c bn knh nh nht tip xc

vi (P) v i qua im A(1; 1; 1).
/s: (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + z 2 = 1 .
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= v mt phng (P): 2x + y 2z + 2 = 0 . Lp
1
1
1
phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm nm trn d, tip xc vi mt phng (P) v i qua im A(2; 1; 0).
HT 173.
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng d:
/s: (S ) : (x 2)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 1)2 = 1

2
2
2
20
19
7
121
hoc (S ) : x + y + + z =
.
13
13
13
169
HT 174. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im I (1;2; 2) , ng thng : 2x 2 = y + 3 = z v mt phng

(P): 2x + 2y + z + 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I sao cho mt phng (P) ct khi cu theo thit din
l hnh trn c chu vi bng 8 . T lp phng trnh mt phng (Q) cha v tip xc vi (S).
/s: (S ) : (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 + (z + 2)2 = 25 (Q): 6x 33y + 30z 105 = 0 .
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 175.
0968.393.899
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d : x = t ; y = 1; z = t v 2 mt phng (P):
x + 2y + 2z + 3 = 0 v (Q): x + 2y + 2z + 7 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I thuc ng thng (d) v

tip xc vi hai mt phng (P) v (Q).
2
2
2
4
/s: (S): (x 3) + (y + 1) + (z + 3) = .
9
Cu hi tng t:
a) d : x = 2 + t ; y = 1 + 2t ; z = 1 t , (P ) : x + 2y 2z + 5 = 0 , (Q ) : x + 2y 2z 13 = 0 .
2
2
2
16
11
5
S: (S ) : x + y + z = 9
7
7
7
HT 176.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y 2z + 10 = 0 , hai ng thng (1):
x 2 y
z 1
x 2 y
z +3
, (2):
. Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm thuc (1), tip xc vi (2)
= =
= =
1
1
1
1
1
4
v mt phng (P).
2
2
2
11
7
5
81
/s: (S): x + y + z + =
. Hoc (S): (x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 9 .
2
2
2
4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------TM IM THO IU KIN CHO TRC

Dng 1: Xc nh im thuc mt phng
HT 177. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;2;3) v B(3;4;1). Tm to im M thuc mt phng
(P): x y + z 1 = 0 MAB l tam gic u.
6 18 4 18
/s: M 2;
;
.
2
2
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(4; 0; 0) , B(0; 0; 4) , (P): 2x y + 2z 4 = 0 .
S:
HT 178. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(0; 0;3) v B(2; 0;1). Tm to im M thuc mt
phng (P): 3x y z + 1 = 0 MAB l tam gic u.
2 10 1
/s: M ; ;
3 3
6
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1;1; 3), B(3;1; 1),(P ) : 3x 8y + 7 z + 4 = 0 .
2 6
6
2 6
2 6
6
2 6
S: C 2 +
;1
; 2
;1 +
; 2 +
hoc C 2
3
3
3
3
3
3
b) Vi A(1;2; 3), B(1; 4;2),(P ) : x y + z + 1 = 0 .
1 3 5 11 3 5 3
1 + 3 5 11 + 3 5 3
S: C
;
; hoc C
;
;
4
4
2
4
4
2
HT 179.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im A(3; 5; 4) , B(3;1; 4) . Tm ta im C thuc mt
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phng (P ) : x y z 1 = 0 sao cho tam gic ABC cn ti C v c din tch bng 2 17 .

/s: C (4 ; 3; 0)
C (7 ; 3; 3) .
HT 180. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(0; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1), C(2; 0; 1). Vit phng trnh mt
phng (ABC) v tm im M thuc mt phng (P): 2x + 2y + z 3 = 0 sao cho MA = MB = MC .
/s: M (2; 3; 7)
HT 181.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im
A(0; 2;1), B(2; 0; 3)
v mt phng
(P ) : 2x y z + 4 = 0 . Tm im M thuc (P) sao cho MA =MB v (ABM ) (P ) .

2 1 17
/s: M ; ;
3 6 6
HT 182. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(2;0;0), C(0;4;0), S(0; 0; 4).Tm ta im B trong
mp(Oxy) sao cho t gic OABC l hnh ch nht. Vit phng trnh mt cu i qua bn im O, B, C, S.
/s: (x 1)2 + (y 2)2 + (z 2)2 = 9
HT 183.
Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im A(0;1;2), B(1;1; 0) v mt phng (P): x y + z = 0
. Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho MAB vung cn ti B.
1 10 4 + 10 2 10
M 4 + 10 ; 2 + 10 ; 2 + 10
M
;
;
3
6
6
3
6
6
Dng 2: Xc nh im thuc ng thng

HT 184. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 4; 2),B(1; 2; 4) v ng thng :
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= . Tm to im M trn sao cho: MA2 + MB 2 = 28 .
1
1
2
/s: M (1; 0; 4)
HT 185.
Trong khng gian to Oxyz ,
cho cc im A(0;1; 0), B(2;2;2),C (2; 3;1) v ng thng
x 1
y +2
z 3
. Tm im M trn d th tch t din MABC bng 3.
=
=
2
1
2
3
15 9
3 1
11
/s: M ; ; hoc M ; ; .
2
2 4
4 2
2
d:
HT 186.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im M(2; 1; 2) v ng thng d:
x 1 y
z 3
. Tm trn d
= =
1
1
1
hai im A, B sao cho tam gic ABM u.
2 2
2
2
2
2
/s: A 2 +
;
;3 +
;
;3
, B 2
.
3 3
3
3
3
3
Cu hi tng t:
x = t
a) Vi M (1; 0; 1) , d :
y = 2t .
z = 1
5 + 76 10 + 2 76 1 76 2 2 76
S: A
;
;1 , B
;
;1
15
15
15
15
5 76 10 2 76 1 + 76 2 + 2 76
hoc A
;
;1, B
;
;1
15
15
15
15
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
x = 1 t
HT 187. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho im A(0; 1; 3) v ng thng d: y = 2 + 2t . Tm trn d hai
z = 3
im B, C sao cho tam gic ABC u.

/s:
6 3 8 + 2 3
6 + 3 8 2 3
Vy: B
;
; 3 v C
;
; 3
5
5
5
6 3 8 + 2 3
6 + 3 8 2 3
hoc B
;
; 3 v C
;
; 3
5
5
5
HT 188.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, tm trn Ox im A cch u ng thng (d) :
x 1 y
z +2
v mt
= =
1
2
2
phng (P) : 2x y 2z = 0 .
/s: A(3; 0; 0).
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 v hai ng thng 1 :
HT 189.
x +1 y
z +9
x 1 y 3 z +1
; 2 :
. Xc nh ta im M thuc ng thng 1 sao cho khong
= =
=
=
1
1
6
2
1
2
cch t M n ng thng 2 v khong cch t M n mt phng (P) bng nhau.
18 53 3
/s: M (0; 1; 3) hay M ; ; .
35 35 35
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P): 2x + y + 2z 1 = 0 , 1 :
x 3 y 5
z
x 1 2 y
z 3
, 2 :
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
4
1
1
S: M (2; 4;1) , M (1;1; 4)

HT 190.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng
1 :
x 1
y
z +2
=
=
2
1
1
x +1 y 1 z 3
. ng vung gc chung ca 1 v 2 ct 1 ti A, ct 2 ti B. Tnh din tch
=
=
1
7
1
OAB.
2 :
/s: SOAB =
HT 191.
d1 :
6
1
.
OA,OB =
2
2
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P):

x 1
2
y 3
3
z
2
d2 :
x 5
6
y
4
z +5
5
x 2y + 2z 1 = 0
v cc ng thng
. Tm cc im M d1 , N d 2 sao cho MN // (P) v cch (P) mt
khong bng 2.
/s: N1(1;4;0). N2(5;0;5).
HT 192.
d1 :
Trong kho ng gian vi hetoa o Oxyz, cho ma

t pha ng (P):
x 1 y 3
z
x 5 y z +5
,d :
. Tm ca c ie{ m
=
=
= =
2
1
2 2
3
4
2
2x y + 2z 1 = 0
A d1 , B d 2
va ca c ng tha ng
sao cho AB // (P) va AB ca ch (P)
mo
t khoa ng ba~ ng 1.
/s:
HT 193.
8 11
4 17
hoc A(3; 4; 2), B 4;
A(9; 2;10), B 7; ;
;
3 3
3
3
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng d1 :
x +1 y
z 1
x
y
z
v d2 : = = . Tm
= =
2
1
1
1
1
2
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cc im M thuc d1 , N thuc d2 sao cho ng thng MN song song vi mt phng (P): x y + z + 2012 = 0 v
di on MN bng 2 .
3 2 5
/s: M (0; 0; 0), N ; ; .
7 7 7
HT 194.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
x
y + 2 z 1
=
=
1
1
1
v cc im
A(1; 0; 0), B(0;1;1),C (0; 0;2) . Tm im M thuc d sao cho gc gia hai mt phng (MAB) v (CAB) bng = 300 .
S: M (0; 2;1) .
x = 1 + t
HT 195. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai ng thng c phng trnh: (1 ) : y = 1 t v
z = 2
x 3 y 1 z
=
= . Xc nh im A trn 1 v im B trn 2 sao cho on AB c di nh nht.
(2 ) :
1
2
1
/s: A( 1; 1; 2), B(3; 1; 0).
x = 2 + 4t
HT 196. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 1; 2), B(3; 4; 2) v ng thng d :
.
y = 6t
z = 1 8t
Tm im I trn ng thng d sao cho IA + IB t gi tr nh nht.

65 21 43
.
/s: I ;
;
29 58 29
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(1; 1;2), B(3; 4; 2) , d :
b) Vi A(1;2; 1), B(7; 2; 3) , d :
x 2
y
z +1
.
=
=
4
6
8
x 2
y
z 4
.
=
=
3
2
2
64
9
45
S: I ; ; .
29 29 29
S: I (2; 0; 4) .
HT 197. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 5; 0), B(3; 3; 6) v ng thng :
x +1 y 1 z
=
= . Tm to im M trn sao cho MAB c din tch nh nht.
2
1
2
/s: Min S =
198 M(1; 0; 2).
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(0;1; 0), B(2;2;2) , :
3 2
x 1
y +2
z 3
. S: M (3; 0; 1) , min S =
=
=
2
1
2
2
b) Vi A(2; 1;1), B(0;1; 2), :
x
y 3 z +1
.
=
=
1
1
2
c) Vi A(0;1; 2), B(2; 1;1), :
x 1 y 2 z 1
.
=
=
1
1
2
x + y z 1 = 0
d) Vi A(2; 1;1), B(1; 1; 0), :
.
2x y 1 = 0
S: M (5; 8; 11), min S =
34
2
S: M (2; 5; 5), min S = 22
1 2
3
S: M ; ; .
6 3 2
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e) Vi A(1; 4;2), B(1;2; 4), :
x 1 y 2 z
=
= .
1
1
2
12 5 38
S: M ; ; .
7 7 7
x 3 y
z +1
x 2 y +2 z
, (d2):
= =
=
= .
1
1
2
1
2
1
Mt ng thng () i qua im A(1; 2; 3), ct ng thng (d1) ti im B v ct ng thng (d2) ti im C.
Chng minh rng im B l trung im ca on thng AC.
/s: B(2; 1; 1), C(3; 4; 1).
HT 198. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1):
Dng 3: Xc nh im thuc mt cu
HT 199. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt cu (S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 4x 6y + m = 0 v ng thng (d)
l giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (P): 2x 2y z + 1 = 0 , (Q): x + 2y 2z 4 = 0 v . Tm m (S) ct (d) ti 2 im
M, N sao cho di MN = 8.
/s: m = 12.
HT 200.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + y z + 3 = 0 v mt cu (S):
x + y 2 + z 2 6x 8y 2z + 23 = 0 . Tm trn (S) im M sao cho khong cch t M n mt phng (P) l ln

nht. Khi hy vit phng trnh mt cu (T) c tm M v ct (P) theo mt ng trn c bn knh bng 4.
/s: M (4;5; 0) ; (T ) :(x 4)2 + (y 5)2 + z 2 = 64
HT 201.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho mt cu (S) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh l
2
(S ) : x + y 2 + z 2 4x + 2y 6z + 5 = 0, (P ) : 2x + 2y z + 16 = 0 . im M di ng trn (S) v im N di ng
trn (P). Tnh di ngn nht ca on thng MN. Xc nh v tr ca M, N tng ng.

4 13 14
/s: N 0 ; ; M0(0;3;4)
3
3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a)
(S ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 4x 4y + 2z = 0 ; (P ) : 2x + y 2z + 4 = 0 .
2 1 5
S: M (2 2 2;2 2; 1 + 2 2) , N ;
;
3 3 3
HT 202.
Trong khng gian ta Oxyz , cho im A(0;1;1), B(1; 0; 3),C (1; 2; 3) v mt cu (S) c phng trnh:
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 2z 2 = 0 . Tm ta im D trn mt cu (S) sao cho t din ABCD c th tch ln nht.

7
4
1
/s: D ; ;
3
3
3
Dng 4: Xc nh im trong khng gian
HT 203. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (): 3x + 2y z + 4 = 0 v hai im A(4;0;0) , B(0;4;0)
.Gi I l trung im ca on thng AB. Xc nh ta im K sao cho KI vung gc vi mt phng (), ng thi
K cch u gc ta O v ().
1 1 3
/s: K ; ; .
4 2 4
HT 204. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz , cho cc im A(1; 0; 0), B(0;1; 0), C (0; 3;2) v mt phng
() : x + 2y + 2 = 0. Tm to ca im M bit rng M cch u cc im A, B, C v mt phng ().

23 23
14
/s: M (1; 1; 2) hoc M ;
; .
3 3
3
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HT 205. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz , cho hnh chp tam gic u S.ABC, bit A(3; 0; 0), B(0; 3; 0), C (0; 0; 3) .
Tm to nh S bit th tch khi chp S.ABC bng 36.
/s: S (9; 9; 9) hoc S (7; 7; 7) .
Dng 5: Xc nh im trong a gic
HT 206. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1;0;0), B(0;2;0), C(0;0;3). Tm to trc tm ca
tam gic ABC.
36 18 12
/s: H ; ;
49 49 49
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(3;0;0), B(0;1;4), C(1;2;2).
S:
HT 207. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 3; 5) , B(4; 3;2) , C (0;2;1) . Tm ta tm ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
5 8 8
/s: I ; ; .
3 3 3
HT 208. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 0; 1), B(1; 2; 1), C(1; 2; 3). Tm ta tm v bn
knh ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
/s: I (0; 2; 1).
Bn knh l R = 5.
HT 209. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho ba im A(2; 3;1) , B(1;2; 0) , C (1;1; 2) . Tm ta trc tm
H v tm ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC.
2 29
1 14 61 1
/s: H ; ; I ; ;
15 15
3 15 30 3
HT 210.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ba im A(1; 0;1), B(1;2; 1),C (1;2; 3) v I l tm ng
trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Lp phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I v tip xc vi mt phng (Oxz).
(S): x 2 + (y 2)2 + (z 1)2 = 4
/s:
HT 211.
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho im A(3; 2; 3) v hai ng thng c phng trnh d1 :
x 2 y 3 z 3
=
=
1
1
2
x 1 y 4 z 3
. Chng minh ng thng d1, d2 v im A cng nm trong mt mt phng. Xc
=
=
1
2
1
nh to cc nh B v C ca tam gic ABC bit d1 cha ng cao BH v d2 cha ng trung tuyn CM ca tam
gic ABC.
/s: B(1;2; 5) ; C(1;4;2)
d2 :
HT 212.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho cho tam gic ABC c A(3;2;3), ng cao CH, ng phn gic
x 2 y 3 z 3
x 1 y 4 z 3
trong BM ca gc B ln lt c phng trnh l d1 :
, d2 :
. Tnh
=
=
=
=
1
1
2
1
2
1
di cc cnh ca tam gic ca tam gic ABC.
/s: AB = AC = BC = 2 2
HT 213. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thang cn ABCD vi A (3; 1; 2) , B (1;5;1) , C (2; 3; 3) , trong
AB l y ln, CD l y nh. Tm to im D.
164
51 48
/s: D
; ;
49
49 49
HT 214.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hnh thoi ABCD vi A(1;2;1) , B(2; 3;2) . Tm ta cc nh C, D
v vit phng trnh mt phng cha hnh thoi bit rng tm I ca hnh thoi thuc ng thng
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x +1
y
z 2
v im D c honh m.
=
=
1
1
1
/s: (P ) : x + y 4z + 3 = 0 ..
d:
HT 215.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh vung, A(1; 0; 0) , C (1;2; 0)
, D(1; 0; 0) , S (0; 0; 3) . Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca on SB v CD. Chng minh rng hai ng thng AM

v BN vung gc vi nhau v xc nh ta tm ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ONB.
1 7
/s: I ; ; 0 .
6 6
HT 216.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz , cho hnh vung MNPQ c M (5; 3; 1) , P (2; 3; 4) . Tm to nh
Q bit rng nh N nm trong mt phng (R) : x + y z 6 = 0.

Q(4; 5; 3).
/s: Q(5; 3; 4).
HT 217. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit B(3; 0; 8) , D(5; 4; 0) v nh A thuc mt
phng (Oxy). Tm ta im C.
27 6
/s:
C(3;6; 8)
C
;
; 8 .
5
5
HT 218. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hnh vung ABCD, bit A(1;2; 0),C (2; 3; 4) . v nh B nm trn
mt phng (Q): x + 2y + z 3 = 0 . Tm to ca nh D, bit to ca B l nhng s nguyn.
/s: B(1;1;2) . Vy D(4; 4; 6) .
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Dng 6: CC BI TON LIN QUAN N MIN MAX

1. Vit phng trnh mt phng
HT 219. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(2; 1;1) . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im A
v cch gc ta O mt khong ln nht.
/s: (P): 2x y + z 6 = 0 ..
HT 220.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(10; 2; 1) v ng thng d c phng trnh:
x 1 y
z 1
. Lp phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, song song vi d v khong cch t d ti (P) l ln
= =
2
1
3
nht.
/s: (P): 7x + y 5z 77 = 0 .
HT 221.
Oxyz , cho ng thng (d) c phng trnh tham s
{x = 2 + t; y = 2t; z = 2 + 2t . Gi l ng thng qua im A(4;0;1) song song vi (d) v
I(2;0;2) l hnh
chiu vung gc ca A trn (d). Vit phng trnh ca mt phng cha v c khong cch n (d) l ln nht.
/s: (P ) : 2x z 9 = 0 .
x 1 y
z 2
v im A(2; 5; 3) . Vit
= =
2
1
2
phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d sao cho khong cch t A n (P) l ln nht.
HT 222.
/s: max d (A,(P )) = 3 2 Khi : (P): x 4y + z 3 = 0 .

Cu hi tng t:
a) d :
x 1 y + 1 z 2
=
=
, A(5;1; 6) .
2
1
5
S: (P ) : 2x + y z + 1 = 0
b) d :
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= , A(1; 4;2) .
1
1
2
S: (P ) : 5x + 13y 4z + 21 = 0
HT 223. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im M (0; 1;2) v N (1;1; 3) . Vit phng trnh mt phng
(P) i qua M, N sao cho khong cch t im K (0; 0;2) n mt phng (P) l ln nht.
/s: (P): x + y z + 3 = 0 .
HT 224.
Oxyz , cho mt phng (Q): x + 2y z + 5 = 0 v ng thng
x +1 y +1 z 3
. Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha ng thng d v to vi mt phng (Q) mt gc
d:
=
=
2
1
1
nh nht.
/s: (P): y z + 4 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (Q): x + 2y + 2z 3 = 0 , d :
b) Vi (Q ) (Oxy ), d :
x 1 y + 2
z
.
=
=
1
2
1
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= .
1
1
2
S: (P ) : x y + z 3 = 0 .
x = t
c) Vi (Q ) : 2x y z 2 = 0 , d :
y = 1 + 2t .
z = 2 + t
HT 225.
S: (P ) : x + 2y + 5z +3 = 0 .
S: (P ) : x + y + z 3 = 0 .
Oxyz , cho hai im M (1; 1; 3), N (1; 0; 4) v mt phng (Q):
x + 2y z + 5 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua M, N v to vi (Q) mt gc nh nht.
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S: (P ) : y z + 4 = 0 .
Cu hi tng t:
a) M (1;2; 1), N (1;1;2),(Q ) (Oxy ) .
S: (P ) : 6x + 3y + 5z 7 = 0 .
x = 1 t
HT 226. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :

y = 2 + t . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P)
z = 2t
cha ng thng d v to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.

/s: (P): x + 5y 2z + 9 = 0 .
HT 227.
d2 :
Oxyz , cho hai ng thng d1 :
x 1 y + 2
z
=
=
1
2
1
x + 2 y 1 z
=
= . Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) cha d1 sao cho gc gia mt phng (P) v ng thng
2
1
2
d2 l ln nht.
/s: (P) : 7x y + 5z 9 = 0 .
x +1 y 2 z +1
v im A(2; 1; 0) . Vit
=
=
1
1
1
phng trnh mt phng (P) qua A, song song vi d v to vi mt phng (Oxy) mt gc nh nht.
S: (P ) : x + y + 2z 1 = 0 .
HT 228.
HT 229. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (Q): 2x y + z + 2 = 0 v im A(1;1; 1) . Vit
phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im A, vung gc vi mt phng (Q) v to vi trc Oy mt gc ln nht.
S: (P ) : y + z = 0 hoc (P ) : 2x + 5y + z 6 = 0 .
HT 230. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M (9;1;1) , ct cc tia
Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho th tch t din OABC c gi tr nh nht.
x
y z
/s: (P):
+ + =1.
27 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi M (1;2; 4) .
HT 231.
S: (P ) :
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M (1;2; 3) , ct cc tia
Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc
S: (P ) : x + 2y + 3z 14 = 0 .
HT 232.
x y
z
+ +
=1
3 6 12
1
2
OA
1
OB
1
OC 2
c gi tr nh nht.
Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua im M (2; 5; 3) , ct cc tia
Ox, Oy, Oz ti A, B, C sao cho biu thc OA + OB + OC c gi tr nh nht.

x
y
z
S: (P ) :
+
+
=1.
2 + 6 + 10 5 + 10 + 15 3 + 6 + 15
2) Vit phng trnh ng thng

HT 233.
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho ng thng
d : x = y 1 = z + 1 v hai im A(1;1;2) , B(1;0;2) .

1
2
1
Vit phng trnh ng thng qua A, vung gc vi d sao cho khong cch t B ti l nh nht.
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/s: :
0968.393.899
x 1 y 1 z + 2
.
=
=
2
5
8
x +1 y
z +1
v hai im A(1;2; 1),
= =
2
3
1
B(3; 1; 5) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im A v ct ng thng sao cho khong cch t B n
ng thng d l ln nht.
HT 234.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng :
/s: d :
x 1 y 2 z +1
.
=
=
1
2
1
HT 235. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 5; 0), B(3; 3; 6) v ng thng :
x +1 y 1 z
=
= . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua im B v ct ng thng ti im C sao cho din
2
1
2
tch tam gic ABC c gi tr nh nht.
x 3 y 3 z 6
/s:Min S = 198 ; C(1; 0; 2) ;BC:
.
=
=
2
3
4
HT 236.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x + 2y z + 5 = 0 , ng thng
x + 3 y +1 z 3
v im A(2; 3; 4) . Vit phng trnh ng thng nm trn (P), i qua giao im
=
=
2
1
1
ca d v (P), ng thi vung gc vi d. Tm im M trn sao cho khong cch AM ngn nht.
7 4 16
/s: M ; ; .
3 3 3
d:
Cu hi tng t:
x = 1 t
a) (P ) : 2x + y 2z + 9 = 0 , d :
y = 3 + 2t .
z = 3 + t
HT 237.
(d1 ) :
x = t
S: :
y = 1
z = 4 + t
Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai ng thng (d1 ),(d2 ) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh:
x +1 y +2 z
x 2 y 1 z 1
; (P ) : x + y 2z + 5 = 0 . Lp phng trnh ng thng
=
= , (d2 ) :
=
=
1
2
1
2
1
1
(d) song song vi mt phng (P) v ct (d1 ),(d2 ) ln lt ti A, B sao cho di on AB nh nht.
/s: d :
HT 238.
x 1 y 2 z 2
.
=
=
1
1
1
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x + 3y z 1 = 0 v cc im A(1; 0; 0) ;
B(0; 2; 3) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d nm trong (P) i qua A v cch B mt khong ln nht (nh nht).
/s:
x = 1 + t
a) min(d (B, d )) = 6 . d:
b) max(d (B, d )) = 14 . d:
y = 0
z = t
HT 239.
x = 1 + t
y = t
z = t
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x 2y + 2z 5 = 0 v cc im A(3; 0;1) ;
B(1; 1; 3) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A, song song vi (P) v cch B mt khong nh nht.
S: d :
x +3
y
z 1
.
=
=
26
11
2
x +1 y
z 2
, hai im A(0; 1;2) ,
= =
2
1
1
B(2;1;1) . Vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A v ct ng thng sao cho khong cch t B n d l ln
nht (nh nht).
HT 240.
Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng :
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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x = 3t
1
/s: a) min(d (B, d )) =
d:
y = 1 + 3t
11
z = 2 2t
x = t
b) max(d (B, d )) = 18 d: y = 1 + t
z = 2 t
Cu hi tng t:
x + y + z 1 = 0
a) :
, A(2;1; 1), B(1;2; 0) .
x y + z 1 = 0
x + 1 = 0
S: dm ax :
;d
y + z 2 = 0 min
b) :
x 1 y + 2 z 1
=
=
, A(3; 2;1), B(2;1; 1) .
1
2
1
S: dm ax :
c) :
x + 2y 3 = 0
:
y z 2 = 0
x 3 y + 2 z 1
x 3 y + 20 z 1
; dmin :
.
=
=
=
=
19
3
5
5
20
7
x 1 y + 2 z
=
= , A(1; 4;2), B(1;2; 4) .
1
1
2
S: dm ax :
x 1 y 4 z 2
x 1 y 4 z 2
; dmin :
=
=
=
=
1
4
3
15
18
19
x 1 y 2 z
=
= , hai im A(1;1; 0), B(2;1;1) .
2
1
1
Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi d, sao cho khong cch t B n l ln nht.
x = 1 + t
/s: :
y = 1 t
z = t
HT 241. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
HT 242. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(0; 1;2) , ct ng thng
x +1 y
z 2
x 5
y
z
sao cho khong cch gia d v ng thng 2 :
= =
=
= l ln nht.
2
1
1
2
2 1
x = 29t
/s: d:
y = 1 41t
z = 2 + 4t
1 :
Cu hi tng t:
a) A(2; 1;2), 1 :
x 1 y + 1 z 1
, 2
=
=
2
1
1
x + 2y z + 1 = 0
:
.
x y + z + 1 = 0
S: d :
x 2 y +1 z 2
.
=
=
41
68
27
HT 243. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(1; 1;2) , song song vi mt
x + y + z 3 = 0
phng (P ) : x + y z + 1 = 0 sao cho khong cch gia d v ng thng :
l ln nht.
2x y + z 2 = 0
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x = 1
S: y = 1 + t .
z = 2 + t
HT 244. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(1; 1;2) , song song vi mt
phng (P ) : 2x y z + 3 = 0 , ng thi to vi ng thng :
x +1 y 1 z
mt gc ln nht (nh
=
=
1
2
2
nht).
/s: a) min(cos ) = 0 d :
b) max(cos ) =
x 1 y + 1 z 2
=
=
4
5
3
5 3
x 1 y + 1 z 2
d:
=
=
9
1
5
7
HT 245. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, vit phng trnh ng thng d i qua A(1; 0; 1) , ct ng thng
1 :
x 1 y 2 z + 2
x 3 y 2 z + 3
sao cho gc gia d v ng thng 2 :
l ln nht (nh nht).
=
=
=
=
2
1
1
1
2
2
/s:
a) min(cos ) = 0 d :
b) max(cos ) =
x +1 y
z +1
= =
2
2
1
2 5
x +1 y
z +1
d:
= =
5
4
5
2
HT 246. Trong khng gian Oxyz cho hai im A(1; 3; 2), B(3; 7; 18) v mt phng (P): 2x y + z + 1 = 0 . Tm ta
im M (P) sao cho MA + MB nh nht.
/s: M (2;2; 3) .
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi A(0; 1;2), B(1;1; 3) , (P ) (Oxy ) .
2 1
S: M ; ; 0
5 5
b) Vi A(1; 0; 0) , B(1;2; 0) , (P ) : x + y + z 4 = 0
S:
c) Vi A(1;2; 1), B(3;1; 2),(P ) : x y + 2z = 0 .
13
4
S: M ;1; .
5
5
HT 247. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im A(1;5;0), B(3;3;6) v ng thng c phng trnh
tham s x = 1 + 2t ; y = 1 t ; z = 2t . Mt im M thay i trn ng thng , xc nh v tr ca im M
chu vi tam gic MAB t gi tr nh nht.

/s: M(1;0;2) minP = 2( 11 + 29)
HT 248. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x 3y + 3z 11 = 0 v hai im A(3; 4; 5) ,
B(3; 3; 3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA MB ln nht.
31 5 31
S: M ; ; .
7
7 7
Cu hi tng t:
a) (P ) : x + y + z 4 = 0 , A(1;2;1) , B(0;1;2) .
S:
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7 11
S: M ; ;1
2 2
b) .
HT 249. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): x 2y + 2z + 8 = 0 v cc im
A(1;2; 3), B(3; 0; 1) . Tm im M (P) sao cho MA2 + MB 2 nh nht.

/s: M(0; 3; 1).
Cu hi tng t:
a) Vi (P): x + y + z = 0 , A(3; 5;5); B(5;3; 7).
S: M O(0; 0; 0).
b) Vi (P): x + 5y 7z 5 = 0 , A(4; 9; 9), B(10;13;1) .
50 192 75
; .
S: M ;
17
17 17
HT 250. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x + y + z 4 = 0 v cc im A(1;2;1) ,
B(0;1;2) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 + 2MB 2 nh nht.

5 14 17
/s: M ; ; .
9 9 9
HT 251. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho tam gic ABC vi A(1; 2; 5), B(1; 4; 3), C(5; 2; 1) v mt phng
(P): x y z 3 = 0 . Gi M l mt im thay i trn mt phng (P). Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
F = MA2 + MB2 + MC 2 . Khi tm to ca M.

19 2 64 553
+
/s:F nh nht bng 3.
=
khi M l hnh chiu ca G ln (P).
3 3
3
9
Cu hi tng t:
a) A(1; 3; 5), B(1; 4; 3), C(4; 2; 1), (P): x y z 3 = 0 .
11 2 4
S: min F = 65 , M ;
;
3 3 3
b) A(1; 1; 0), B(0; 1; 1) v C(2; 2; 1), (P): x + 3y z + 2 = 0 .
c) A(1; 2; 3), B(3; 0; 1), C(1; 4; 7), (P): x 2y + 2z + 6 = 0 .
22 61 17
S: M ; ;
3 3
3
S: M (0; 4; 1) .
HT 252. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho cc im A(1; 0;1) , B(2; 1; 0) , C (2; 4;2) v mt phng (P):
x + y + 2z + 2 = 0 . Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu thc T = MA2 + MB 2 + MC 2 t gi tr nh nht.

/s: M (0; 0; 1) .
B(0;1;2) , C (0; 0; 3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 + 3MB 2 + 2MC 2 nh nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.

HT 254. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x y + z 1 = 0 v cc im A(1;2; 1) ,
B(1; 0; 1) , C (2;1; 2) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 + MB 2 MC 2 nh nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.
2 1 2
S: M ; ; .
3 3 3
HT 255. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P ) : x y + 2z = 0 v cc im A(1;2; 1) ,
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B(3;1; 2) , C (1; 2;1) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA2 MB 2 MC 2 nh nht.
Gii tng t nh Cu 10.
S: M (2; 2; 2) .
HT 256. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P ) : x + y + z 1 = 0 v ba im
A(2;1; 3), B(0; 6;2),C (1; 1; 4) . Tm ta im M trn mt phng (P ) sao cho MA + MB + MC t gi tr b

nht.
2 7 8
M ;
; .
3 3 3
Cu hi tng t:
a) (P ) : x y + 2z = 0, A(1;2; 1), B(3;1; 2),C (1; 2;1) .
5 1 2
S: M ; ; .
2 3 3
HT 257. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 3 im A(3; 1; 1), B(7; 3; 9), C(2; 2; 2) v mt phng (P) c phng
trnh: x + y + z 3 = 0 . Tm trn (P) im M sao cho MA + 2MB + 3MC nh nht.
13 2 16
43 3
/s: M ; ; . minT =
.
9
9 9
3
B(0;1;2) , C (0; 0; 3) . Tm im M (P ) sao cho MA + 3MB + 4MC nh nht.

/s:
HT 259. Trong khng gian vi h trc ta Oxyz, cho mt phng (P): 3x 3y + 2z + 37 = 0 v cc im
A(4;1; 5), B(3; 0;1),C (1;2; 0) . Tm to im M thuc (P) sao cho biu thc sau t gi tr nh nht: S =
MAMB
.
+ MB.MC + MC .MA
/s: min S = 3.88 5 = 259 khi M (4; 7; 2) .
HT 260. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho cc im B(1;
3; 0) , C (1; 3; 0) , M (0; 0; a ) vi a > 0. Trn trc
Oz ly im N sao cho mt phng (NBC) vung gc vi mt phng (MBC). Tm a th tch ca khi chp BCMN
nh nht
3
3
3
VBCMN = VMOBC +VNOBC =
a + t nh nht a = a = 3 .
3
a
a
HT 261. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(1; 5; 4), B(0; 1; 1), C(1; 2; 1). Tm ta im D thuc
ng thng AB sao cho di on thng CD nh nht.
5 46 41
/s: D ; ; .
26 26 26
HT 262. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho ba im A(5; 8; 11) , B(3; 5; 4) , C (2;1; 6) v ng thng
x 1 y 2 z 1
. Xc nh to im M thuc ng thng d sao cho MA MB MC t gi tr nh
=
=
2
1
1
nht.
11 2 1
/s: M ; ;
9
9 9
d:
HT 263. Trong khng gian vi h trc to Oxyz, cho (P ) : x + 2y z + 5 = 0 im A( 2; 3; 4) v ng thng

x +3
= y + 1 = z 3 . Gi l ng thng nm trn (P) i qua giao im ca (d) v (P) ng thi vung gc
2
vi d. Tm trn im M sao cho khong cch AM ngn nht.
(d ) :
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7 4 16
/s: Vy M
; ;
3 3 3
HT 264. Trong khng gian Oxyz, cho hai im A(1; 1; 2), B(2; 2; 1) v mt phng (P) c phng trnh
x + 3y z + 2 = 0 . Vit phng trnh mt phng (Q) l mt phng trung trc ca on AB. Gi l giao tuyn ca
(P) v (Q). Tm im M thuc sao cho di on thng OM l nh nht.
1 5
3
/s: M ; ; .
2 8 8
HT 265. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho hai im E (2;1; 5), F (4; 3; 9) . Gi l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng
(P ): 2x + y z + 1 = 0 v (Q ) : x y + 2z 7 = 0 . Tm im I thuc sao cho: IE IF ln nht .

/s: I(1;0;3).
HT 266. Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz, cho ng thng d :
x
y
z
= = v hai im A(0; 0; 3) , B(0; 3; 3) . Tm
1
1 1
im M d sao cho:
a) MA + MB nh nht.
b) MA2 + 2MB 2 nh nht.
c) MA 3MB nh nht.
3 3 3
/s: min(MA + MB ) = 3 3 M ; ; .
2 2 2
5 5 5
b) M ; ; .
2 2 2
c) min MA 2MB = 3 2 khi t = 3 , tc M (3; 3; 3) .

HT 267. Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz, cho 4 im A(2;4;1), B(1;4;1), C(2;4;3), D(2;2;1). Tm ta im M
MA2 + MB 2 + MC 2 + MD 2 t gi tr nh nht.
7 14
/s: M G ; ; 0 .
3 3
TUYN TP THI 2009 2013
x 6 y +1 z +2
v im
=
=
3
2
1
A(1; 7; 3). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A v vung gc vi . Tm ta im M thuc sao cho
HT 268.
2013 A (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
51 1 17
AM = 2 30. /s: M (3; 3; 1); M ; ;
7
7
7
HT 269.
2013 A (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P ) : 2x + 3y + z 11 = 0 v mt cu
(S ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x + 4y 2z 8 = 0. Chng minh (P) tip xc vi (S). Tm ta tip im ca (P) v (S).
/s: M (3;1;2)
HT 270.
2013 B (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(3; 5; 0) v mt phng
(P ) : 2x + 3y z 7 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A v vung gc vi (P). Tm ta im i xng ca A

qua (P).
/s: B(1; 1;2)
HT 271.
:
2013 B (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho cc im A(1; 1;1), B(1;2; 3) v ng thng
x +1 y 2
z 3
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua A, vung gc vi hai ng thng AB v
=
=
2
1
3
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/s:
0968.393.899
x 1 y +1 z 1
=
=
7
2
4
HT 272.
2013 D (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho cc im A(1; 1; 2), B(0;1;1) v mt phng
(P ) : x + y + z 1 = 0. Tm ta hnh chiu vung gc A trn (P). Vit phng trnh mt phng i qua A, B v vung
gc vi (P). /s: (Q ) : x 2y + z + 1 = 0
HT 273.
2013 D (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(1; 3; 2) v mt phng
(P ) : x 2y 2z + 5 = 0. Tnh khong cch t A n (P). Vit phng trinh mt phng i qua A v song song vi (P).
/s: (Q ) : x 2y 2z + 3 = 0
x +1 y
z 2
v im
= =
1
2
1
I (0; 0; 3) . Vit phng trnh mt cu (S) c tm I v ct d ti hai im A, B sao cho tam gic IAB vung ti I.
HT 274.
2012 A (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :
/s: x 2 + y 2 + (z 3)2 =
8
3
x +1 y
z 2
mt phng
= =
2
1
1
(P ) : x + y 2z + 5 = 0 v im A(1; 1;2). Vit phng trnh ng thng ct d v (P) ln lt ti M, N sao cho A l
trung im ca on MN.
x +1 y +1 z 2
/s: :
=
=
2
3
2
x 1 y
z
v hai im
HT 276. 2012 B (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :
= =
2
1 2
A(2;1; 0), B(2; 3;2). Vit phng trnh mt cu i qua A, B v c tm thuc ng thng d.
HT 275.
2012 A (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :
/s: (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z 2)2 = 17

HT 277. 2012 B (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho A(0; 0; 3), M (1;2; 0). Vit phng trnh mt phng
(P) qua A v ct trc Ox ,Oy ln lt ti B, C sao cho tam gic ABC c trng tm thuc ng thng AM.
/s: (P ) : 6x + 3y + 4z 12 = 0
HT 278. 2012 D (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P ) : 2x + y 2z + 10 = 0 v im
I (2;1; 3). Vit phng trnh mt cu tm I v ct (P) theo mt ng trn c bn knh bng 4.
/s: (S ) : (x 2)2 + (y 1)2 + (z 3)2 = 25
x 1 y + 1 z
=
= v hai im
2
1
1
A(1; 1;2), B(2; 1; 0). Xc nh ta im M thuc d sao cho tam gic AMB vung ti M.
HT 279.
2012 D (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng d :
7
5 2
/s: M (1; 1; 0), M ; ;
3 3 3
HT 280. 2011 A (CB): Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai im A(2; 0; 1), B(0; 2; 3) v mt phng
(P ) : 2x y z + 4 = 0. Tm ta im M thuc (P) sao cho MA = MB = 3.
6 4 12
/s: M (0;1; 3) hoc M ; ;
7 7 7
2011 A (NC): Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt cu (S ) : x 2 + y 2 + z 2 4x 4y 4z = 0 v

im A(4; 4; 0). Vit phng trnh mt phng (OAB), bit im B thuc (S) v tam gic OAB u.
/s: (P ) : x y + z = 0 hoc x y z = 0
HT 281.
x 2 y +1
z
v mt
=
=
1
2
1
phng (P): x + y + z 3 = 0. Gi I l giao im ca v (P). Tm ta im M thuc (P) sao cho MI vung gc vi v
HT 282.
2011 B ( CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
MI = 4 14.
/s: M (5; 9; 11) hoc M (3; 7;13)
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GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 283.
0968.393.899
2011 B (NC) Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz , cho ng thng : :
x + 2 y 1 z + 5
v hai
=
=
1
3
2
im A( 2; 1; 1), B( 3; 1; 2). Tm to im M thuc ng thng sao cho tam gic MAB c din tch bng 3 5 .
/s: M (2;1; 5); M (14; 35;19)
HT 284. 2011 D (CB) Trong khng gian vi h to Oxyz , cho im A(1; 2; 3) v ng thng
x +1 y
z 3
= =
. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua im A, vung gc vi ng thng d v ct trc Ox.
2
1
2
x = 1 + 2t
/s: :
y = 2 + 2t
z = 3 + 3t
x 1 y 3 z
HT 285. 2011 D (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
=
= v mt phng
2
4
1
(P ) : 2x y + 2z = 0. Vit phng trnh mt cu c tm thuc ng thng , bn knh bng 1 v tip xc vi mt
phng (P).
d:
/s: (x 5)2 + (y 11)2 + (z 2)2 = 1; (x + 1)2 + (y + 1)2 + (z + 1)2 = 1

x 1 y
z +2
v mt phng
= =
2
1
1
(P ) : x 2y + z = 0. Gi C l giao im ca vi (P), M l im thuc . Tnh khong cch t M n (P), bit rng
HT 286. 2010 A (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
MC = 6.
1
/s: d =
6
HT 287. 2010 A (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho im A(0; 0; 2) v ng thng
x +2 y 2 z + 3
. Tnh khong cch t A n . Vit phng trnh mt cu tm A, ct ti hai im B v C
=
=
2
3
2
sao cho BC = 8.
:
/s: x 2 + y 2 + (z + 2)2 = 25
HT 288. 2010 B (CB) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho cc im A(1; 0; 0), B(0;b; 0),C (0; 0; c), trong b,c
dng v mt phng (P ) : y z + 1 = 0. Xc nh b v c, bit rng mt phng (ABC) vung gc vi mt phng (P) v
khong cch t im O n mt phng (ABC) bng
/s: b = c =
1
.
3
1
2
HT 289. 2010 B (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
x
y 1 z
=
= . Xc nh ta
2
1
2
im M trn trc honh sao cho khong cch t M n bng OM.

/s: M (1; 0; 0) hoc M (2; 0; 0)
HT 290. 2010 D (Chun) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai mt phng (P): x + y + z 3 = 0 v (Q): x y +
z 1 = 0. Vit phng trnh mt phng (R) vung gc vi (P) v (Q) sao cho khong cch t O n (R) bng 2.
/s: (R) : x z + 2 2 = 0 hoc x z 2 2 = 0
x = 3 + t
HT 291. 2010 D (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho hai ng thng 1:
v 2:
y = t
z = t
x 2 y 1 z
=
= . Xc nh to im M thuc 1 sao cho khong cch t M n 2 bng 1.
2
1
2
/s: M (4;1;1) hoc M (7; 4; 4)
HT 292. 2009 A (Chun) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P): 2x 2y z 4 = 0 v mt cu
(S): x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2x 4y 6z 11 = 0 . Chng minh rng mt phng (P) ct mt cu (S) theo mt ng trn. Xc
nh to tm v bn knh ca ng trn .
/s: H (3; 0;2)
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
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HT 293. 2009 A (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P ) : x 2y + 2z 1 = 0 v hai ng
thng 1 :
x +1 y
z +9
x 1 y 3 z + 1
= =
; 2 :
=
=
. Xc nh ta im M thuc ng thng 1 sao cho
1
1
6
2
1
2
khong cch t M n ng thng 2 v khong cch t M n mt phng (P) bng nhau.

18 53 3
/s: M (0;1; 3); M ; ;
35 35 35
HT 294. 2009 B (Chun) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho t din ABCD c cc nh
A(1;2;1), B(2;1; 3),C (2; 1;1) v D(0; 3;1). Vit phng trnh mt phng (P) i qua A, B sao cho khong cch t C n
(P) bng khong cch t D n (P).
/s: (P ) : 4x + 2y + 7z 15 = 0 hoc (P ) : 2x + 3z 5 = 0
HT 295. 2009 B (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho mt phng (P): x 2y + 2z 5 = 0 v hai im A(3;0;1), B(1;-1;3). Trong cc ng thng i qua A v song song vi (P), hy vit phng trnh ng thng m khong
cch t B n ng thng l nh nht.
x +3
y
z 1
/s: :
=
=
26
11
2
HT 296. 2009 D (Chun) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho cc im A (2; 1; 0), B(1;2;2), C(1;1;0) v mt
phng (P): x + y + z 20 = 0. Xc nh ta im D thuc ng thng AB sao cho ng thng CD song song vi
mt phng (P).
5 1
/s: D ; ; 1
2 2
x +2 y 2
z
v mt phng
=
=
1
1
1
(P): x + 2y 3z + 4 = 0. Vit phng trnh ng thng d nm trong (P) sao cho d ct v vung gc vi ng thng
.
x + 3 y 1 z 1
/s: d :
=
=
1
2
1
HT 297. 2009 D (NC) Trong khng gian vi h ta Oxyz , cho ng thng :
Page 59
CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

2013 - 2014
S PHC
H V TN:
LP
:.
TRNG
H NI, 8/2013
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
CHUYN
S PHC
BI 1: S PHC
1. Khi nim s phc
Tp hp s phc:
S phc (dng i s) : z = a + bi
(a, b R , a l phn thc, b l phn o, i l n v o, i2 = 1)
z l s thc
z l thun o
phn o ca z bng 0 (b = 0)
phn thc ca z bng 0 (a = 0)
S 0 va l s thc va l s o.
Hai s phc bng nhau:
a = a '
a + bi = a + bi
b = b '
(a, b, a ', b ' R)
2. Biu din hnh hc: S phc z = a + bi (a, b R) c biu din bi im M(a; 2) hay bi u = (a ; b) trong mp(Oxy)
(mp ph3)
3. Cng v tr s phc:
(a + bi ) + (a + bi ) = (a + a) + (b + b) i
(a + bi ) (a + bi ) = (a a) + (b b) i
S i ca z = a + bi l z = a bi
u biu din z, u ' biu din z' th u + u ' biu din z + z v u u ' biu din z z.
4. Nhn hai s phc :
(a + bi )(a '+ b ' i ) =(aa bb) + (ab + ba) i
k (a + bi ) = ka + kbi (k R)
5. S phc lin hp ca s phc z = a + bi l z = a bi
z =z ;
z z ' = z z ' ;
z l s thc z = z ;
z z
z .z ' = z .z '; 1 = 1 ; z .z = a 2 + b2
z 2 z 2
z l s o z = z
Page 1
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
6. Mun ca s phc : z = a + bi
z = a 2 + b 2 = zz = OM
z 0, z C ,
z =0z =0
z .z ' = z . z '
z
z
=
z'
z'
z'
z '.z
z '.z
= z ' z 1 =
=
2
z
z .z
z
z z ' z z ' z + z '
7. Chia hai s phc:
1
z 1 =
z (z 0)
2
z
z'
= w z ' = wz
z
8. Cn bc hai ca s phc:
2
2
x y = a
z = x + yi l cn bc hai ca s phc w = a + bi z 2 = w
2xy = b
w = 0 c ng 1 cn bc hai l z = 0
w 0 c ng hai cn bc hai i nhau
Hai cn bc hai ca a > 0 l a
Hai cn bc hai ca a < 0 l a .i
9. Phng trnh bc hai Az2 + Bz + C = 0 (*) (A, B, C l cc s phc cho trc, A 0 ).
= B 2 4AC
0 : (*) c hai nghim phn bit , ( l 1 cn bc hai ca )
= 0 : (*) c 1 nghim kp: z1 = z 2 =
B
2A
Ch : Nu z0 C l mt nghim ca (*) th z 0 cng l mt nghim ca (*).

10. Dng lng gic ca s phc:
z = r (cos + i sin ) (r > 0) l dng lng gic ca z = a + bi (z 0)
r = a 2 + b 2
a
cos =
b
sin =
r
l mt acgumen ca z, = (Ox ,OM )
z = 1 z = cos + i sin ( R)
11. Nhn, chia s phc di dng lng gic
Page 2
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
Cho z = r (cos + i sin ) ,
z ' = r '(cos '+ i sin ') :
z .z ' = rr '. cos( + ') + i sin( + ')
z
r
= cos( ') + i sin( ')
z' r'
12. Cng thc Moavr:

n
r (cos + i sin ) = r n (cos n + i sin n) , ( n N * )
n
(cos + i sin ) = cos n + i sin n

13. Cn bc hai ca s phc di dng lng gic:
S phc z = r (cos + i sin ) (r > 0) c hai cn bc hai l:
r cos + i sin
2
2

va r cos + i sin = r cos + + i sin +
2
2
2
M rng: S phc z = r (cos + i sin ) (r > 0) c n cn bc n l:
n
+ k 2
+ k 2
+ i sin
r cos
, k = 0,1,..., n 1
n
n
VN 1: Thc hin cc php ton cng tr nhn chia
HT 1:
Tm phn thc v phn o ca cc s phc sau:

1
1) (4 i ) + (2 + 3i ) (5 + i) 2)
2 i + 2i
3
1
1 3
4) 3 i + + 2i i
3 2
7)
10)
3 1 5 3
5) + i + i
4 5 4 5
3 i
2 i
1+i
i
8)
3
1 + 2i
11)
HT 2:
6) (2 3i)(3 + i )
9)
a +i a
1+i
1i
12)
3+i
(1 2i )(1 + i)
16)
2 3i
4 + 5i
a i a
i m
14)
2 5
3) (2 3i ) i
3 4
1+i
2i
15)
a +i b
i a
Thc hin cc php ton sau:
1) (1 + i)2 (1 i )2
2) (2 + i )3 (3 i )3
1
3
4) 3i
2
5)
7) (1 + i)3 (2i )3
8) (1 i)100
3) (3 + 4i )2
(1 + 2i )2 (1 i )2
2
6) (2 i)6
(3 + 2i ) (2 + i )
9) (3 + 3i)5
Page 3
GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 3:
0968.393.899
Cho s phc z = x + yi . Tm phn thc v phn o ca cc s phc sau:
1) z 2 2z + 4i
2)
z +i
iz 1
Phn tch thnh nhn t, vi a, b, c R:
HT 4:
1) a 2 + 1
2) 2a 2 + 3
3) 4a 4 + 9b2
4) 3a 2 + 5b 2
5) a 4 + 16
6) a 3 27
7) a 3 + 8
8) a 4 + a 2 + 1
HT 5:
Tm cn bc hai ca s phc:
1) 1 + 4 3i
2) 4 + 6 5i
3) 1 2 6i
4) 5 + 12i
4 5
5) i
3 2
6) 7 24i
7) 40 + 42i
8) 11 + 4 3.i
10) 5 + 12i
11) 8 + 6i
12) 33 56i
9)
1
2
+
i
4
2
VN 2: Gii phng trnh trn tp s phc

HT 6:
Gii cc phng trnh sau (n z):
1) z 2 + z = 0
2
2) z 2 + z = 0
3) z + 2z = 2 4i
4) z 2 z = 0
5) z 2z = 1 8i
6) (4 5i )z = 2 + i
z + i 4
=1
7)
z i
8)
9) 2 z 3z = 1 12i
10) (3 2i )2 (z + i ) = 3i
1
11) (2 i )z + 3 + i iz + = 0
2i
1
1
12) z 3 i = 3 + i
2
2
13)
3 + 5i
= 2 4i
z
14) (z + 3i )(z 2 2z + 5) = 0
16) 2z 3 3z 2 + 5z + 3i 3 = 0
15) (z 2 + 9)(z 2 z + 1) = 0
HT 7:
2+i
1 + 3i
z=
1i
2+i
Gii cc phng trnh sau (n x):
1) x 2 3.x + 1 = 0
2) 3 2.x 2 2 3.x + 2 = 0
3) x 2 (3 i )x + 4 3i = 0
4) 3i.x 2 2x 4 + i = 0
5) 3x 2 x + 2 = 0
6) i.x 2 + 2i.x 4 = 0
7) 3x 3 24 = 0
8) 2x 4 + 16 = 0
Page 4
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
VN 3: Tp hp im
HT 8: Xc nh tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din cc s z tha mn mi iu kin sau:

2) z z + 1 i = 2
3) z z + 2i = 2 z i
1) z + z + 3 = 4
4) 2i.z 1 = 2 z + 3
5) 2i 2z = 2z 1
7) z + i = z 2 3i
8)
10) 2 + z = i z
11) z + 1 < 1
6) z + 3 = 1
z 3i
=1
z +i
9) z 1 + i = 2
12) 1 < z i < 2
HT 9: Xc nh tp hp cc im M trong mt phng phc biu din cc s z tha mn mi iu kin sau:

1) z + 2i l s thc
2) z 2 + i l s thun o
3) z .z = 9
VN 4: Dng lng gic ca s phc

HT 10: Tm mt acgumen ca mi s phc sau:
1) 2(cos i sin )
2) 4 4i
3
3
4) cos
i. sin
4
4
5) sin
i. cos
8
8
3) 1 3.i
6) (1 i. 3)(1 + i)

1) 3 (cos 20o + i sin 20o )(cos 25o + i sin 25o )
2) 5 cos + i. sin .3 cos + i. sin
6
6
4
4
3) 3 (cos120o + i sin 120o )(cos 45o + i sin 45o )
4) 5 cos + i sin 3 cos + i sin
6
6
4
4
5)
2 (cos18o + i sin 18o )(cos 72o + i sin 72o )
6)
cos 85 + i sin 85
cos 40 + i sin 40
7)
2(cos 450 + i. sin 450 )

0
8)
3(cos 15 + i.sin 15 )
3(cos 15 + i sin 15 )
2
2
+ i. sin )
3
3
2(cos + i. sin )
2
2
2
2
2 cos
+ i sin
3
3
2 cos + i sin
2
2
2(cos
9)
2(cos 45 + i sin 45 )
10)
HT 12: Vit di dng lng gic cc s phc sau:

1) 1 i 3
5)
1i 3
1+i
9) 1 + i 3
2) 1 + i
6)
1
2 + 2i
10)
3 i
3) (1 i 3)(1 + i )
4) 2.i.( 3 i)
7) sin + i. cos
8)
11) 3 + 0i
12) tan
2 +i 2
5
+i
8
Page 5
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
HT 13: Vit di dng i s cc s phc sau:

1) cos 45o + i sin 45o
2) 2 cos + i sin
6
6
4) (2 + i)6
5)
7)
3+i
(1 + i )(1 2i)
6)
1
3
3
+ i sin
cos
4
4
2
1
i
8) (1 + i 3 )
40
1 + i 3
9) (2 2i)7 .
1 i
1 + i 100
cos + i sin
11)
1 i
4
4
12)
60
1+i
2i + 1
10)
3) 3 (cos120o + i sin 120o )
17
3 i)
HT 14: Tnh:
5
16
1) (cos12o + i sin 12o )
2) (1 + i )
3) ( 3 i)6
7
4) 2 (cos 300 + i sin 300 )
5) (cos15o + i sin 15o )5
6) (1 + i )2008 + (1 i)2008
21
5 + 3i 3
7)
1 2i 3
12
1
3
8) + i
2
2
i + 1 2008
9)
i
----------------------------------------------------------------------
BI 2: N TP
1) (2 i )(3 + 2i)(5 4i )
1 + i 3 6 1 i 7 6
2)
2
2
1 + i 16 1 i 8
+
3)
1 i
1 + i
4)
5) (2 4i)(5 + 2i ) + (3 + 4i )(6 i)
6) 1 + i + i 2
7) i 2000 + i1999 + i 201 + i 82 + i 47
8) 1 + i + i 2 + ... + i n , (n 1)
9) i.i 2 .i 3 ...i 2000
10) i 5 (i)7 + (i )13 + i 100 + (i)94
3 + 7i 5 8i
+
2 + 3i 2 3i
+ i 3 + ... + i 2009
HT 16: Cho cc s phc z1 = 1 + 2i, z 2 = 2 + 3i, z 3 = 1 i . Tnh:

1) z1 + z 2 + z 3
2) z1z 2 + z 2z 3 + z 3z1
3) z1z 2z 3
4) z12 + z 22 + z 32
z
z
z
5) 1 + 2 + 3
z 2 z 3 z1
z 2 + z 22
6) 1
z 22 + z 32
HT 17: Rt gn cc biu thc sau:

1) A = z 4 + iz 3 (1 + 2i )z 2 + 3z + 1 + 3i, vi z = 2 + 3i
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GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
2) B = (z z 2 + 2z 3 )(2 z + z 2 ), vi z =
1(
3 i)
2
HT 18: Tm cc s thc x, y sao cho:

1) (1 2i )x + (1 + 2y )i = 1 + i
2)
x 3 y 3
+
=i
3+i
3i
1
3) (4 3i )x 2 + (3 + 2i )xy = 4y 2 x 2 + (3xy 2y 2 )i
2
4) 2x + 3 + (3y 1)i = (5x 6) (y + 2)i

5)
x (3 2i )
+ y(1 2i )3 = 11 + 4i
2 + 3i
6) x (3 + 2i) + y(1 2i )3 = 9 + 14i

HT 19: Tm cc cn bc hai ca cc s phc sau:
1) 8 + 6i
2) 3 + 4i
3) 1 + i
1 i 3 2
6)
3 i
1 + i 2
5)
1 i
9)
3 i
10)
1+i 3
7)
4) 7 24i
1
2
i
2
2
8) i, i
11) 2 (1 + i 3 )
12)
1
1
+
1+i 1i

1) z 3 125 = 0
2) z 4 + 16 = 0
3) z 3 + 64i = 0
4) z 3 27i = 0
5) z 7 2iz 4 iz 3 2 = 0
6) z 6 + iz 3 + i 1 = 0
HT 21: Gi u1; u2 l hai cn bc hai ca z1 = 3 + 4i v v1; v2 l hai cn bc hai ca z 2 = 3 4i . Tnh u1 + u2
+v1 + v2 ?
HT 22: Gii cc phng trnh sau trn tp s phc:
1) z 2 + 5 = 0
2) z 2 + 2z + 2 = 0
4) z 2 5z + 9 = 0
5) 2z 2 + 3z 1 = 0
6) 3z 2 2z + 3 = 0
7) (z + z )(z z ) = 0
8) z 2 + z + 2 = 0
9) z 2 = z + 2
10) 2z + 3z = 2 + 3i
11) (z + 2i ) +2 (z + 2i ) 3 = 0
12) z 3 = z
14) iz 2 + (1 + 2i )z + 1 = 0
15) (1 + i )z 2 + 2 + 11i = 0
13) 4z 2 + 8 z
=8
3) z 2 + 4z + 10 = 0

4z + i 2
4z + i
5
1)
+6 = 0
z i
z i
2) (z + 5i ) (z 3) (z 2 + z + 3) = 0
3) (z 2 + 2z ) 6 (z 2 + 2z ) 16 = 0
4) z 3 (1 + i ) z 2 + (3 + i ) z 3i = 0
Page 7
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
5) (z + i ) (z 2 2z + 2) = 0
6) z 2 2iz + 2i 1 = 0
7) z 2 (5 14i )z 2(12 + 5i ) = 0
8) z 2 80z + 4099 100i = 0
9) (z + 3 i)2 6(z + 3 i ) + 13 = 0
10) z 2 (cos + i sin )z + i cos sin = 0

1) x 2 (3 + 4i )x + 5i 1 = 0
2) x 2 + (1 + i )x 2 i = 0
4) x 2 + x + 1 = 0
5) x 3 1 = 0
3) 3x 2 + x + 2 = 0
HT 25: Gii cc phng trnh sau bit chng c mt nghim thun o:

1) z 3 iz 2 2iz 2 = 0
2) z 3 + (i 3)z 2 + (4 4i)z 4 + 4i = 0
HT 26: Tm tt c cc s phc z tha mn iu kin:

1) (z 2)(z + i) l s thc.
2) z 2 = z
3) z (2 + i ) = 10 v z.z = 25
4)
z 1
z 3i
= 1 v
=1
z i
z +1
2
5) z 2 + 2z .z + z = 8 v z + z = 2
6) z 1 = 5 v 17(z + z ) 5z .z = 0
2
()
7) z = 1 v z 2 + z
=1
8) z 2 + i = 2 . Bit phn o nh hn phn thc 3 n v.

9) z = 1 v
z
=1
z
HT 27: Tm s phc z tha mn iu kin cho trc:

1) z = 2 v z 2 l s thun o
z 2i
l s thun o
z 2
z 2i
3) z + 1 2i = z + 3 + 4i v
l s o.
z +i
z + 7i
4) z = 5 v
l s thc.
z +1
HT 28: Gii cc phng trnh trng phng:
2) z = z 2 2i v
1) z 4 8(1 i)z 2 + 63 16i = 0
2) z 4 24(1 i)z 2 + 308 144i = 0
3) z 4 + 6(1 + i )z 2 + 5 + 6i = 0
HT 29: Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc tho mn h thc sau:
1)
z =3
z i
4) z = z 3 + 4i
2) z 2 + z 2 = 1
5)
z +i
3) (z 2) z + i l s thc
l s thc
z +i
HT 30: Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc tho mn h thc sau:
Page 8
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
1) z 3 + 4i = 2
4) z =
2) z i = (1 + i )z
1
z
5) z +
3) (2 z )(z + i ) l s thun o
1
=2
z
HT 31: Tm tp hp cc im trong mt phng phc biu din cc s phc z ' tho mn h thc sau:
1) z ' = (1 + i 3)z + 2 bit z tha mn: z 1 = 2
2) z ' = (1 + i 3)z + 2 bit rng z tha mn: z + 1 3
3) z ' = (1 + 2i)z + 3 bit rng z tha mn: z + 3
2zz
5
4) z ' = (1 + i)z + 1 bit z + 2 1

HT 32: Hy tnh tng S = 1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ...z n 1 bit rng z = cos
2
2
.
+ i sin
n
n
HT 33: Vit di dng lng gic cc s phc sau:

1) i 4 + i 3 + i 2 + i + 1
4) 1 sin + i cos , 0 < <
7) sin + i(1 cos ), 0 < <
2+i
1i
2) (1 i )(2 + i)
3)
5) 3 cos + i sin
6
6
6) cot + i, < <
HT 34: Tm mun v mt acgumen ca cc s phc sau:

1)
(2
3 + 2i )
(1 i )6
4) sin
(1 + i )6
2)
(2
3 2i )
(1 + i )4
+ i cos
8
8
10
3 i)
5) cos
7) 1 sin + i cos , 0 < <
8)
(2
3) (1 + i 3 ) + (1 i 3 )
3 + 2i )
i sin
4
4
6) 2 + 2 3i
1 + cos + i sin
, 0<<
1 + cos i sin
2
9) 4 3i
HT 35: Tm mun v mt acgumen ca cc s phc sau:

1)
(2
3 + 2i )
(1 i )6
(1 + i )6
(2
3 2i )
2)
(1 + i )4
10
3 i)
(2
3) (1 + i 3 ) + (1 i 3 )
3 + 2i )
HT 36: Chng minh cc biu thc sau c gi tr thc:

1) (2 + i 5 ) + (2 i 5 )
19 + 7i n 20 + 5i n
+
2)
9 i
7 + 6i
1 + i 3 6 1 i 3 6
3)
2
2
1 + i 3 5 1 i 3 5
4)
2
2
i + 3 6 i 3 6
5)
2
2
HT 37: Trong cc s phc z tho mn iu kin sau, tm s phc z c mun nh nht.
1) (z 1)(z + 2i) l s thc
2) z i = z 2 3i
Page 9
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
3) iz 3 = z 2 i
HT 38: Trong cc s phc z tho mn iu kin sau, tm s phc z c mun nh nht, ln nht.
(1 + i )z
3
1) z 2 + 3i =
2) z 2 + 2i = 2 2
3)
+2 = 1
2
1i
4) z + 1 2i = 1
5) z 2 4i = 5
HT 39: Xt cc im A, B, C trong mt phng phc theo th t biu din cc s phc sau:
4i ; (1 i)(1 + 2i); 2 + 6i
i 1
3 i
1) Chng minh ABC l tam gic vung cn.
2) Tm s phc biu din bi im D sao cho t gic ABCD l hnh vung.
2
z + 1
, /s: z = 3 4i; z = 9
HT 40: Gii phng trnh z = 2
z 7
2z i
1.
2 + iz
----------------------------------------------------------------------
HT 41: Chng minh rng: nu z 1 th
BI 3: TUYN TP S PHC THI I HC

HT 42: (H Khi A 2009) Gi z1 , z 2 l hai nghim ca phng trnh z 2 + 2z + 10 = 0 . Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
2
A = z1 + z2 . /s: A = 20
HT 43: (H Khi B 2009) Tm s phc z tha mn z (2 + i ) = 10 v z.z = 25
/s: z = 3 + 4i hoc z = 5
HT 44: (H khi D 2009) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, tm tp hp im biu din cc s phc z tha mn iu kin
z (3 4i ) = 2 . s: ng trn tm I (3;-4), bn knh R = 2

HT 45: (C khi A, B, D 2009) Cho s phc z tha mn: (1 + i )2 (2 i)z = 8 + i + (1 + 2i )z . Xc nh phn thc v
phn o ca z. /s: Phn thc: 2; Phn o: -3
HT 46: (C khi A, B, D 2009) Gii phng trnh:
4z 3 7i
= z 2i trn tp s phc. /s: z1 = 3 + 2i; z 2 = 2 + i
z i
HT 47: (H khi A 2010) Tm phn thc v phn o ca s phc z bit z = ( 2 + i)2 (1 2i ) /s: a = 5, b = 2
(1 3i )3
. Tm m un ca z + iz . /s: 8 2
1i
HT 49: (H khi B 2010) Trong mt phng ta Oxy, tm tp hp cc im biu din s phc z tha mn iu kin
HT 48: (H khi A 2010) Cho s phc z tha mn: z =
z i = (1 + i )z . /s: ng trn tm I (0;-1) bn knh R = 2

HT 50: (H khi D 2010) Tm s phc z tha mn iu kin z = 2 v z 2 l s thun o.
z1 = 1 + i ; z 2 = 1 i ; z 3 = 1 i ; z 4 = 1 + i
HT 51:
(C khi A, B, D 2010) Cho s phc z tha mn: (2 3i )z + (4 + i)z = (1 + 3i)2 . Xc nh phn thc, phn
o ca s phc z. /s: Phn thc: -2; phn o: 5

HT 52:
2
1 1
1 1
(H khi A 2011) Tm tt c cc s phc z, bit z 2 = z + z . /s: z = 0; z = + i; z = i
2 2
2 2
HT 53:
(H khi A 2011) Tnh mun ca s phc z, bit; (2z 1)(1 + i) + (z + 1)(1 i ) = 2 2i

/s:
2
3
Page 10
GV.Lu Huy Thng
0968.393.899
5+i 3
1 = 0 /s: z = 1 i 3 hoc z = 2 i 3
z
HT 54:
(H khi B 2011) Tm s phc z bit: z
HT 55:
3
1 + i 3
(H khi B 2011)Tm phn thc v phn o ca s phc z =
1 + i
/s: phn thc l 2 phn o l 2

HT 56:
(H khi D 2011) Tm s phc z bit: z (2 + 3i)z = 1 9i /s: z = 2 i
HT 57:
(H khi A-A1 2012) Cho s phc z tha mn:
5(z + i )
= 2 i. Tnh m-un ca s phc
z +1
w = 1 + z + z 2 /s: w = 13
HT 58:
(H khi B 2012) Gi z1, z 2 l hai nghim phc ca phng trnh: z 2 2 3iz 4 = 0. Vit dng lng gic
2
2
ca z1 v z 2 /s: z1 = 2 cos + i sin ; z 2 = 2 cos
+ i sin
3
3
3
3
HT 59:
(H khi D 2012) Cho s phc z tha mn: (2 + i )z +
2(1 + 2i )
= 7 + 8i. Tm m-un ca s phc
1+i
w = z + 1 + i /s: w = 5
HT 60:
(H khi D 2012) Gii phng trnh: z 2 + 3(1 + i )z + 5i = 0 trn tp s phc
/s: z = 1 2i; z = 2 i
HT 61:
(H khi A-A1 2013) Cho s phc z = 1 + 3i. Vit di dng lng gic ca z . Tm phn thc v phn o
ca s phc: w = (1 + i )z 5 . /s: z = 2 cos + i sin ; phn thc: 16( 3 + 1) phn o: 16(1 3)
3
3
HT 62:
w=
(H khi D 2013) Cho s phc z tha mn iu kin (1 + i)(z i ) + 2z = 2i. Tnh m-un ca s phc
z 2z + 1
z2
/s: w = 10
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CHUYN LUYN THI I HC

GV.Lu Huy Thng

Dng ton 1: Xt tnh n iu ca hm s

GV.Lu Huy Thng

Dng ton2: Tm iu kin hm s lun ng bin hoc nghch bin trn tp xc nh

3) nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai g (x ) = ax 2 + bx + c :

Nu < 0 th g(x) lun cng du vi a.

x1 < x 2 < 0 P > 0

0 < x1 < x 2 P > 0 x1 < 0 < x 2 P < 0

5) hm s y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c di khong ng bin (nghch bin) (x1; x 2 ) bng d th ta thc hin cc bc

S dng nh l Viet a (2) thnh phng trnh theo m.

1) y = x 3 + 3x 2 + mx + m nghch bin trn mt khong c di bng 1.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

2) y = x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + (12m + 5)x + 2 ng bin trn khong (2; +).

BI TP TNG HP NNG CAO

y = x 3 + 3x 2 mx 4 (1).Tm tt c cc gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) ng bin trn

y = 2x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + 6m(m + 1)x + 1 c th (Cm).Tm m hm s ng bin trn

khong (2; +) /s: m

= x 3 + (1 2m )x 2 + (2 m )x + m + 2 . Tm m hm ng bin trn (0;+) .

y = x 4 2mx 2 3m + 1 (1), (m l tham s).Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn khong

(1; 2). /s: m [ ;1)

Cho hm s y = x 3 3(2m + 1)x 2 + (12m + 5)x + 2 ng bin trn khong (; 1) v (2; +)

GV.Lu Huy Thng

II. CC DNG TON

Nu f "(x i ) > 0 th hm s t cc tiu ti x i

GV.Lu Huy Thng

10) y = (x 2)3 (x + 1)4

Dng ton 2: Tm iu kin hm s c cc tr

Hm s bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d c cc tr Phng trnh y ' = 0 c hai nghim phn bit.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

HT 14. Tm m cc hm s sau khng c cc tr:

2) y = x 4 mx 2 + 4x + m c 3 im cc tr l A, B, C v tam gic ABC nhn gc to O lm trng tm.

BI TP TNG HP V NNG CAO

3) y = x 3 3mx 2 + 4m 3 c cc im cc i, cc tiu v mt pha i vi ng thng d : 3x 2y + 8 = 0 .

GV.Lu Huy Thng

3) y = x 4 + 2mx 2 + m 2 + m c 3 im cc tr to thnh 1 tam gic c mt gc bng 1200.

4) y = x 4 2mx 2 + 2m + m 4 c 3 im cc tr to thnh 1 tam gic c din tch bng 4.

4) y = x 3 3x 2 + m 2x + m c cc im cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng thng (): y =

GV.Lu Huy Thng

VN 3: KHO ST S BIN THIN V V TH HM S

2. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm bc ba y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d

y ' = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit

' = b 2 3ac > 0

GV.Lu Huy Thng

GV.Lu Huy Thng

S nghim ca phng trnh (1) = S giao im ca (C1 ) : y = f (x ) v (C 2 ) : y = g(x )

Khi (1) c th xem l phng trnh honh

giao im ca hai ng:

d l ng thng cng phng vi trc honh.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

Dng ton 2: Tm iu kin tng giao gia cc th

GV.Lu Huy Thng

thc P = OA2 + OB 2 t gi tr nh nht.

c honh x1, x 2 sao cho tng f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) t gi tr ln nht.

honh x1, x 2 sao cho tng f '(x1 ) + f '(x 2 ) t gi tr nh nht.

GV.Lu Huy Thng

VN 5: S TIP XC CA HAI NG CONG

1. ngha hnh hc ca o hm: o hm ca hm s y = f (x ) ti im x 0 l h s gc ca tip tuyn vi th (C) ca

Nghim ca h (*) l honh ca tip im ca hai ng .

Dng ton 1: Lp phng trnh tip tuyn ca ng cong (C): y = f(x)

Tnh y ' = f '(x ) . Suy ra y '(x 0 ) = f '(x 0 ) .

Gi M(x0; y0) l tip im. Tnh f (x0).

Phng trnh ng thng c dng: y = kx + m.