Tiu chun vit nam

TCVN 3255 : 1986

Nhm T

An ton n - Yu cu chung
Explosion safety- General requirements
Tiu chun ny thay th cho TCVN 3255: 1979.
Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu chung v an ton n cho cc qu trnh sn xut vn
chuyn, bo qun, trong c cc cht c kh nng hnh thnh mi tr|ng nguy him n.
Ring i vi cc qu trnh sn xut c bit nh| m; sn xut, bo qun v vn chuyn vt
liu n v.v... ngoi tiu chun ny, cn phi c cc tiu chun ring.
1. Nhng quy nh chung
1.1.
An ton n cho cc qu trnh sn xut phi |c m bo bng cc bin php t
chc v k thut, phng nga n v bo v n.
1.2.
Nhng yu t c tn|ng cho tnh nguy him n bao gm:
p sut ln nht khi n v nhit n;
Tc tng p sut khi n;
p sut h|ng chnh ca sng xung kch;
1.3.

2.
2.1.

2.2.

2.3.

tnh cht ph hu v gy chy ca mi tr|ng nguy him n.

Nhng yu t nguy him v c hi nh h|ng n con ng|i do hu qu n bao
gm:
Sng xung kch c p sut h|ng chnh v|t qu gi tr cho php;
La;
Cc kt cu, thit b, |ng ng, nh ca v cng trnh b ph hu v cc mnh v
ca chng vng ra;
Cc cht c hi |c hnh thnh v (hoc) thot ra t cc thit b v hng khi n
nng trong khng kh ni lm vic v|t qu gii hn cho php.
Nhng yu cu v phng nga n
phng nga n phi loi tr:
S hnh thnh mi tr|ng nguy him n;
S xut hin cc ngun kch n.
Mi tr|ng nguy him n c th |c to thnh bi:
Hn hp cc cht (hi, kh v bi) vi khng kh v cc cht x ho khc (xi,
ozn, clo v cc cht xtnit v.v...) .
Cc cht c khuynh h|ng chuyn ho dn n n (axtylen, zn, hyragin v.v...)
Ngun kch thch n bao gm:
Ngn la trn v cc vt b nung nng;
Cc hin t|ng phng in;
Nhit l|ng to ra t cc phn ng ho hc v cc tc ng c hc;

Tiu chun vit nam

2.4.

2.5.

TCVN 3255 : 1986

Tia la do ma st v va p;
Sng xung kch;
Bc x in t v cc bc x khc.
ngn nga kh nng hnh thnh mi tr|ng nguy him n v m bo nng
cc cht nguy him n trong vng khng kh ni sn xut khng v|t qu gii hn
chy d|i, c tnh n h s an ton phi m bo:
S dng cc thit b sn xut kiu kn;
S dng thng gi lm vic v thng gi s c;
Dn mi tr|ng nguy him n v cc cht c kh nng hnh thnh mi tr|ng nguy
him n ra ngoi;
Kim tra thnh phn mi tr|ngkhng kh.
ngn ng s hnh thnh mi tr|ng nguy him n bn trong thit b cng
ngh phi m bo:
Lm kn cc thit b cng ngh;
Duy tr thnh phn v cc thng s ca mi tr|ng ngoi vng gii hn bt chy
s dng cc cht ph gia (hot tnh ho hc, kh tr) km hm kh nng hnh
thnh mi tr|ng nguy him n;

p dng cc gii php cng ngh v cu trc hp l khi thit k thit b v cc qa

trnh sn xut.
2.6.
ngn nga s xut hin cc ngun kch n phi m bo:
C quy nh cho cc vic lm c la hoc ngun nhit;
Ngn nga s t nng cc thit b n nhit t bc chy ca mi tr|ng.
Nguy him n;
S dng cc ph|ng tin lm gim p sut h|ng chnh ca sng xung kch;
S dng cc vt liu khi va p v ma st khng pht sinh tia la c kh nng kch
n mi tr|ng nguy him n;
S dng cc ph|ng tin chng st v chng tch in, loi tr dng in r, in
chm t v.v...
S dng cc thit b phng n;
S dng cc thit b bo v tc ng nhanh ngt cc ngun in c kh nmg
kch n;
Hn ch cng sut bc x in t v cc bc x khc;
Loi tr s xut hin nhit l|ng nguy him ca cc phn ng ho hc v cc tc
ng c hc.
3. Nhng yu cu v bo v n
ngn nga nh h|ng ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi n con ng|i do hu
qu n v gi nguyn |c gi tr ca vt cht, cng trnh v thit b cn phi:
Hn ch n mc t nht s l|ng cc cht nguy him n cn thit |c s dng trong
mi qu trnh sn xut;
S dng cc thit b ngn nga la, cc van chn n|c, cc vch chn bng n|c v
bi, cc mn kh tr (khng chy) v mn hi n|c;

Tiu chun vit nam

4.

TCVN 3255 : 1986

S dng cc thit b |c tnh ton ti p sut n;

S dng cc c cu an ton x p lc s c (cc mng v van an ton) bo v thit
b khi b ph hu;
S dng cc van ng m nhanh v van mt chiu;
S dng h thng dp n ch ng;
S dng cc ph|ng tin pht tn hiu phng nga.
Cc bin php t chc v k thut m bo an ton n
Cc bin php t chc v k thut m bo an ton n phi bao gm: Vic nghin
cu xy dng cc ti liu hun luyn, h|ng dn, ph bin cc yu cu v an ton, cp
giy php vo lm vic, trnh t chun b v tin hnh cc qu trnh sn xut, kim tra
v gim st vic thc hin cc yu cu an ton |c nu ra trong cc mc 2 - 4 ca
tiu chun ny.
Ph lc
Cc thut ng v nh ngha
Thut ng

1. N ha hc
2. An ton n

3. Phng nga n
4. Bo v n
5. M tr|ng nguy him n
6. Ngun kch n
7. H s an ton

8. Nhit n

nh ngha
S chuyn ha ha hc ta nhit nhanh km theo pht sinh nng
l|ng v to thnh kh nn c kh nng sinh cng.
Trng thi ca qu trnh sn xut loi tr |c kh nng n hoc nu
n xy ra phi ngn chn |c tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him
v c hi i vi sc khe con ng|i v gi |c nguyn gi tr vt
cht.
Ngn nga kh nng pht sinh n
Ngn chn tc ng ca cc yu t nguy him v c hi do n n
con ng|i v gi |c nguyn vn gi tr vt cht
Mi tr|ng hot tnh ha hc m trong iu kin no c th pht
sinh n
Cc ngun mang nng l|ng c kh nng kch thch n mi tr|ng
nguy him n
H s iu v h s thc nghim hay tnh ton ca thng s nguy
him n. H s ny xc nh gii hn cho php ca thng s o i
vi mi qu trnh sn xut
Nhit |c to thnh khi n