Alex Harutunian

Bonding Lectures
Bonding Lecture 1
Lewis structures:

bonds (single, double, triple) (1 bond = 2 electrons)

Valance electrons (lone pairs) (1 lone pair = 2 free electrons)

Octet Rule: All atoms must have 8 electrons total to be stable

Disobeying the Octet Rule:
Fewer

only two atoms can have fewer than 8 electrons

Be, B

More

3rd row and lower in periodic table can have more

reason: empty "d" orbital

Formal charge:
FC= # valance (e-) - (# free electrons + 1/2(electrons in bonds))
VE = balls and sticks
1. Formal Charge =
2. Negative Formal Charge on the most electronegative atom
3. Positive Formal Charge on the least electronegative
Resonance

all are valid lewis structures, so which one is it?

they are all the same
Bonding Lecture 2

Alex Harutunian

VSEPR--Valance shell electron pair repulsion

Steric #

Atoms
Bound

Lone Pairs

VSEPR

Angle

Linear

180

Trigonal
Planar

120

Bent

<120

Tertahedral

109.5

Trigonal
Pyramidal

<109.5

Bent

<<109.5

Trigonal
Bipyramidal

90, 120

See-Saw

T-Shaped

Linear

180

Octohedral

90

Square
Pyramidal

Square Planar