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Immunology Condensed Review
Immunology Condensed Review
T lymphocytes
TCR- T cell receptor- binds Ag to T cell
o TCRa/b receptor- blood, spleen, lymph
nodes, CD4, CD8,
o TCR g/d receptor- mucosal surfaces, CD8
Subtypes and surface markers:
o Th- CD4
o Tc- CD8
o Ts- CD4 and CD8
o NK- CD16 (no TCR)
Surface markers- proteins functioning as
receptors/ligands
o Common to all T cells- CD3, TCR, CD2,
CD28, CD5, and CD7
CD4 has an affinity for MHCII
CD8 has an affinity for MHCI
B lymphocyte Surface markers- surface immunoglobulin,
complement receptors, and Fc receptors
Plasma cells- mature B cells, make bulk of Ab and
secretes them into blood (lives for about 1 week)
Markers: HLA-D, CD22, CD19, CD20, Igb, Iga,
sIg, CD40, CR1, CR2, CD72, CD5, Fc_RII,
Mononuclear phagocytes- large cells, amoeboid, granular,
endosomes, and kidney shaped nuclei
Involved in innate immunity (phagocytosis and
wound healing) and active immunity (Ag
presentation, regulatory cytokines)
Markers: MHCII, Fc receptors (Fc_RI, Fc_RII,
Fc_RIII), complement receptors (CR1, CR3)
Releases many enzymes and prostaglandins
Granulocytes- neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils,
Blood is 70% neutrophils, 5% eosinophils, and 1%
basophils
Antigen presenting cells- express MHCII
ALL nucleated cells express MHCI
Only APC present MHCII
Langerhans cells in skin, interdigitating cells in
thyroid, follicular dendritic cells in neurons, B cells
in blood, macrophages in blood
Lymphoid organs
Primary organ- thymus, bone marrow- foster
maturation of stem cells; cells mature to T or B cells
Secondary organ- lymph node, spleen; contain
mature cells and foster immune response
Thymus- cortex and medulla; macrophages and dendritic
cells present self-Ag to differentiating T cells leading to
positive and negative selection
Positive selection- selecting cells that
respond to non-self
Negative selection- selecting cells that
respond to self (at corticomedullary
junction)
www.brain101.info
www.brain101.info
Complement Deficiencies:
Early components- absent
o Immune complex disease - increased
incidence
o Pyogenic infections when missing C1, C4,
C2 increased incidence Late components
o Neisseria- chronic infections
Regulatory factors missing
o C1H- most common autosomal problem
(controls C1)
HANE- hereditary angioneurotic
edema when deficiency in C1Hcomplement system always firing
leading to inflammation
Complement receptors
o LAD- leukocyte adhesion deficiencyinflammatory cells do not enter area since
they are missing complement receptor
www.brain101.info
Near CD3
Binds Ag and CD3 sends signal
CD8 recognizes alpha 3 domain on class I
CD4 recognizes alpha 2 domain of class II
T cell activation
Most Ag are monomeric
Capping of B cells leads to their activation.
IL-2 induces the release of other cytokines.
ANTIGENS ARE PROCESSED BEFORE THEY ARE
PRESENTED TO T CELLS!!!!
Class I- endogenous protein processing
Class II- exogenous protein processing
TAP- transporter necessary for moving peptides into RER for
MHC I.
Invariant chain- MHCII binding domain that prevents the
binding of endogenous peptides.
www.brain101.info
IL-2
www.brain101.info
Types of Vaccines:
Th1- not susceptible to IFN gamma
www.brain101.info