NH GI THC TRNG S DNG HN THE, FORMOL,

CHT TY TRNG, PHM MU TRONG THC PHM TI CC CH

BN L TRN TH TRNG THNH PH H CH MINH NM 2008
Nguyn Thu Ngc Dip*, Nguyn Th Thoan*, Cao Th Kim Hoa*, Vng Thun An*,
Bi Th Kiu Anh*, Mai Thy Linh*, inh thanh Bnh*, Bi Sn Lm*.

TM TT
t vn : S dng hn the, formol, phm mu, cht ty trng thng c cho vo thc phm trong qu
trnh ch bin nhm mc ch lm cho thc phm c dai gin, c tnh st khun c lu khng b i thiu,
thc phm c mu p hp dn v trng tinh nhn bt mt khng b thm do nha ca mt s loi rau c. tuy
nhin nhng cht ny khng nhng khng c cht dinh dng m cn gy hi n sc khe con ngi.
Mc tiu nghin cu: nh gi tnh trng s dng hn the, Formol, cht ty trng v phm mu ngoi
danh mc quy nh ca B y t trn th trng thnh ph H Ch Minh nm 2008.
Phng php nghin cu: Phng php nghin cu ct ngang m t, tc gi tin hnh ly 726 mu thc
phm trn th trng thnh ph h Ch Minh t thng 1 n thng 9 xt nghim hn the, formol, cht ty
trng v phm mu.
Kt qu: 298/437(68,19%) mu xt nghim c hn the dng tnh, 21/122 (17,21%) mu xt nghim c
formol dng tnh, 86/115 (74,78%) mu xt nghim c dng tnh vi cht ty trng, 28/52 (53,84%) s dng
phm mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca B y t.
Kt lun: Chng ta cn tng cng cng tc qun l v sinh an ton thc phm gp phn ng cao cht
lng v sinh an ton thc phm.

ABSTRACT
ASSESSMENT ON USING BORATE SALT, FORMALDEHYDE, SULFITE
AND SULFUR DIOXIDE, COLORS IN SOME KIND OF FOODS
IN HO CHI MINH CITY MARKET, IN 2008
Nguyen Thu Ngoc Diep, Nguyen Thi Thoan, Cao Thi Kim Hoa, Vuong Thuan An,
Bui Thi Kieu Anh, Mai Thuy Linh, Dinh Thanh Binh, Bui Son Lam
* Y Hoc TP. Ho Chi Minh * Vol. 12 - Supplement of No 4 - 2008: 320 324
Background: Using borate salt, formaldehyde, sulfite and sulfur dioxide, industrial colors in food to keep
food last longer the producers can add borate salt and other additives into food, avoid rotten, keep food hard and
crunchy, spectacular colour, retaned of the colour vegatable. However, there is not nutritious but toxic to human
being. That is why we need too conduct this food safety and hygiene survey.
Ojectives: Assessment on using borat salt, formaldehyde, sulfite and sulfur dioxide, colors out of legal list of
food color decided by Ministry of Heath in some kind of foods in Ho Chi Minh City market, in 2008.
Method: 726 samples of food in Ho Chi Minh city market were collected to check on borate salt,
formaldehyde, sulfite and sulfur dioxide, and colors out of legal list of food color decided by Ministry of Heath on a
cross sectional study.
Results: the percentage of samples that did not meet the requirement on food safety respectively were
*

Vin V Sinh Y t Cng Cng TPHCM

68.19% (298/437), 17.21% (21/122), 74.78% (86/115)), 53.84%(28/52) on borate salt used, formaldehyde used,
sulfite and sulfur dioxide used, using colors out of legal list of food color decided by Ministry of Heath.
Conlusion: We need to strengthen food management task to improve food safety and quality.

T VN

Mc tiu nghin cu

Ph gia thc phm l nhng cht khng

c coi l thc phm hoc mt thnh phn ca
thc phm. Ph gia thc phm c rt t hoc
khng c gi tr dinh dng, c ch ng cho
vo thc phm vi mc ch p ng yu cu
cng ngh trong qu trnh sn xut, ch bin,
bo qun thc phm.

Kho st vic s dng hn the trong mt s

loi thc phm c nguy c s dng hn the
c bn trn a bn Tp. HCM nm 2008.

Trong thc t i sng kinh t x hi s lm

dng khi s dng cc cht ph gia trong thc
phm v do mc ch gian di, gy s hiu
nhm i vi ngi tiu dng, che du bn cht
thc ca thc phm i thiu hoc khng m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm, nh hng ti
sc khe, gy ng c cp v mn tnh. Cc ph
gia thng c s dng trong thc phm l
Hn the, Formol, v cht ty trng, tuy nhin cc
loi ph gia ny khng nhng khng c cht
dinh dng m cn gy c i vi con ngi.
y l nhng cht ph gia m B y t khng cho
php s dng trong thc phm.
Kt qu kho st trong nm 2004 trn 2.566
mu ch la, ch gi, m si ti 23 qun, huyn
trn a bn thnh ph c ly ngu nhin t
cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh, nh hng, ch,
qun n bnh dn... cho thy c n 64% s mu
c cha hn the. Cn lng cht ph gia formol
c cc c s sn xut cho vo bnh ph cng
bo ng khng km: qua kim tra 1.015 mu
bnh ph, c n 28% s mu c cha formol. (5)
Trc tnh hnh s dng formol, hn the,
cht ty trng, phm mu ngoi danh mc cho
php ca B y t ang trn lan trn th trng.
Chng ti lm cuc gim st nh gi t l s
dng hn the, cht ty trng, formol, phm mu
ngoi danh mc cho php ca B y t v tm ra
c nhng thc phm no hay s dng nhng
cht ph gia ny nht trn a bn Tp. HCM
c hng khc phc v cnh bo cho ngi dn
bit trnh s dng cc loi thc phm .

Kho st vic s dng formol trong mt s

loi thc phm c nguy c s dng formol c
bn trn a bn Tp. HCM nm 2008.
Kho st vic s dng phm mu trong thc
phm khng c php ca B y t trong mt s
loi thc phm c nguy c s dng phm mu
khng c php ca B y t c bn trn a
bn Tp. HCM nm 2008.
Kho st vic s dng cht ty trng trong
mt s loi thc phm c nguy c s dng
cht ty trng c bn trn a bn Tp. HCM
nm 2008.

I TNG - PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Thit k nghin cu
Nghin cu ct ngang m t.

i tng nghin cu
Tht v cc sn phm ch bin t tht nh:
gi sng, ch, gi la, lng non, jambon
Hi sn v cc sn phm ch bin t hi sn:
ch c, c vin chin, tm ti, tm kh, mc
Cc sn phm ch bin t ng cc: bnh
sus, bnh da ln, m si ti, bn b
Thc phm chay: m cn, tu h ky
Rau, c, qu mui chua: d chua, mng
chua, bn bn,
Mt c mu, ht da
Hoa chui, b chui.

Thi gian nghin cu

T thng 01/2008 n thng 09/2008.

Tiu chun chn mu

Cc loi thc phm c bn ti cc ch,
siu th, qun n, quy bn thc phm ti cc
qun trn a bn thnh ph.

C mu
726 mu

Phng php ly mu
Chn mu ngu nhin

Phng php xc nh
Xc nh mu s dng hn the theo AOAC
2000 (970.33). (1)
Xc nh mu s dng formol bng test
nhanh Formaldehyde ca Macherey Nagel.
Xc nh mu s dng cht ty trng gc
sulfit bng tsst nhanh Sulfit ca Macherey
Nagel.
Xc nh mu s dng phm mu ngoi
danh mc cho php ca B y t theo TCVN 5517:
1991. (2)

KT QU V BN LUN
Bng 1: T l s dng hn the trong cc loi thc
phm c nguy c dng hn the
Hn the
Tn loi thc phm TS Khng c C hn T l (%)
mu hn the
the s dng
Tht v cc sn phm
177
57
120
67,79%
ch bin t tht
C v cc sn phm
34
16
18
52,94%
ch bin t c
M si ti cc loi
58
1
57
98,27%
Thc phm chay: tu
53
1
52
98,11%
h ky, m cn
Bnh sus, bnh da
26
8
18
69,23%
ln, bnh ph s
Rau, c, qu mui chua 78
55
23
29,48%
Hoa chui, b chui
11
1
10
90,9%
Tng Cng
437
139
298
68,19%

Nhn xt:
Trong tng s 437 mu thc phm c nguy
c s dng hn the c gim st ta thy: nhm
thc phm s dng hn the nhiu nht l m si
ti (98,27%), thc phm chay m ch yu l tu
h ky (98,11%), hoa chui v b chui (90,9%), t
l s dng hn the trong tht v sn phm ca
tht, c v sn phm ca c vn cn cao chim t
l gn 70% trong tng s mu kho st, rau, c,
mui chua cng cn s dng hn the nhng t
l khng cao ch chim 29,48% tng s mu c
gim st.

Bng 2: T l s dng formol trong cc loi thc

phm c nguy c
Formol
Tn loi thc
C T l (%) s
Khng c
phm
TSmu
formol formol
dng
Tm ti
72
57
15
20,00%
Bnh, ph, bn
50
44
6
12,00%
Tng cng
122
101
21
17,21%

Nhn xt:
Qua kho st 122 mu tm ti v bn bnh
ph ta thy t l mu c s dng formol 17,21%
tng s mu. Trong mu tm ti chim t l
cao hn (20,00%).
Bng 3: T l s dng cht ty trng trong cc loi
thc phm c nguy c
Tn loi thc
phm

Cht ty trng
T l (%) s
TSmu Khng c C
dng

Bn, bn b,
bnh ph
Mc
X bo, hoa
chui, b chui
Mng chua, c
pho, bn bn
Tng cng

30

22

44%

0%

41

38

92,68%

37

11

26

70,27%

115

29

86

74,78%

Nhn xt:
Cht ty trng l loi ha cht khng c
s dng trong thc phm. tuy nhin qua kho
st 115 mu thc phm cc loi c n 74,78%
cc lai thc phm c s dng cht ty trng,
trong s bo, hoa chui v b chui s dng
cht ty trng nhiu nht chim n 92,68% tng
s 41 mu thc phm c kho st, mng chua,
c pho, bn bn cng l loi thc phm c
ngi dn s dng cht ty trng lm trng
thc phm ny, trong 37 mu mng chua, c
pho, bn bn c kho st c n 70,27% s
mu c s dng cht ty trng. tuy nhin khi
kho st s dng cht ty trng cho mc th
khng pht hin c s dng.
Bng 4: T l s dng phm mu trong cc loi thc
phm c nguy c
Tn loi thc
phm
TS

Khng

Phm mu
C s dng

T l (%)

mu s dng
Tm kh
Mt cc loi
Ht da
Tng cng

15
26
11
52

0
5
0
5

PMP PMKDP
0
12
7
19

15
9
4
28

s dng
PMKP
100%
34,6%
36,4%
53,84%

Ch : PMP: phm mu c php; PMK;

phm mu khng c ph;, TS: tng s
Qua kho st 52 mu thc phm v vic s
dng phm mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca
B y t c 53,84% tng s mu c s dng phm
mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca B Y T.
Trong , tm kh chim t l cao nht trong 15
mu tm th tt c u s dng phm mu ngoi
danh mc cho php ca B y t, ht da, mt
cc loi cng c s dng phm mu ngoi danh
mc nhng vi t l thp hn rt hiu so vi
tm kh.
Bng 5: T l s dng cc cht ph gia ngoi danh
mc cho php ca B y t trong cc loi thc phm c
nguy c
TSM xt
nghim
437
122
115
52
726

t
139
101
29
24
293

Khng
t
298
21
86
28
433

KT LUN
68,19% mu thc phm c s dng hn the.
17,21% mu tm ti, bn, bnh ph, bn b
c s dng cht ty trng.

Nhn xt:

Ch tiu th
nghim
Hn the
Formol
Cht ty trng
Phm mu
Tng cng

doing, ngi bn v ngi tiu dng vn cha

c ci thin. Cn tng cng nhiu hn na
cng tc qun l v sinh an ton thc phm c
bit l cc ch.

T l %
khng t
68,19%
17,21%
74,78%
53,84%
59,64%

Nhn xt:
Qua bng trn ta thy, tnh hnh s dng hn
the, formol, cht ty trng, phm mu ngoi
danh mc cho php ca B y t vo cc loi thc
phm trn th trng vn cn cao so vi nhng
nm trc y. Nm 2004, Kt qu kho st
trong nm 2004 trn 2.566 mu ch la, ch gi,
m si ti 23 qun, huyn trn a bn thnh ph
c ly ngu nhin t cc c s sn xut, kinh
doanh, nh hng, ch, qun n bnh dn... cho
thy c n 64% s mu c cha hn the. Cn
lng cht ph gia formol c cc c s sn
xut cho vo bnh ph cng bo ng khng
km: qua kim tra 1.015 mu bnh ph, c n
28% s mu c cha formol.(5) So vi nm 2008,
kt qu cng tng t. iu ny chng t cng
tc qun l v tuyn truyn cho cc c s kinh

74,78% mu s bo, hoa chui, b chui,

mng chua, c pho c s dng cht ty trng.
59,64% mu mt, ht da, tm kh s
dng phm mu ngoi danh mc cho php
ca B y t.

KIN NGH
Cn tng cng tuyn truyn cho ngi sn
xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng khng nn
s dng cht ty trng, formol, hn the, phm
mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca B y t.
Cn tng cng tuyn truyn cho ngi sn
xut, kinh doanh v ngi tiu dng bit c
tc hi ca cht ty trng, formol, hn the, phm
mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca B y t n
sc khe ca con ngi.
Cn tng cng cng tc thanh kim tra v
sinh an ton thc phm i vi cc mt hng c
nguy c cao s dng hn the, formol, cht ty
trng, phm mu ngoi danh mc cho php ca
B y t gy tc hi n sc khe ngi tiu
dng.
Cn c cc bin php x l thch ng khi
pht hin sai phm trong v sinh an ton thc
phm.
Khuyn khch ngi sn xut, kinh doanh,
ch bin thc phm s dng cc cht ph gia
khc khng gy hi n sc khe ngi tiu
dng.
S dng phm mu dng trong ch bin
thc phm phi c bao b, nhn mc v ghi a
ch r rng. Trng hp s dng phm mu
nhp khu phi c xut x r rng, phi cng b
cht lng ti cc c quan c thm quyn

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Burggraff J (2000), Food Additives: Direct. In: Horwitz

W.Officical Methods of AOAC International, Vol.II, 17th
edition, pp.1 40. Gaithersburg, Maryland 20877 2417
USA.
B Khoa hc v Cng ngh, TCVN 5517: 1991, thc phm,
phng php xc nh phm mu hu c tng hp tan
trong nc.
Nguyn Thu Ngc Dip, on V T Uyn, Bi Sn Lm
v CS (2006), kho st tnh hnh s dng hn the trong
thc phm ti Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2003 2006. Bo co
khoa hc Hi ngh khoa hc k thut y t cng cng y
hc d phng 2006, tr 296 299.
Nguyn Xun Mai, Nguyn Thu Ngc Dip v CS (2006),
nh gi vic s dng hn the, phm mu v cc ch tiu
nhim vi snh vt trong mt s thc phm dp tt nguyn
n 2006ti Tp. H Ch Minh thng 1 - 2006. Bo co khoa
hc Hi ngh khoa hc k thut y t cng cng y hc d
phng 2006, tr 264 268.
http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Xa-hoi/2006/01/3B9E5CD0/