CNG NGH SCADA - GII PHP HIN I HO CNG TC QUN L,

IU HNH TI TIU VIT NAM

KS. Nguyn Quc Hip - PG - Trung tm Cng ngh Phn mm TL - Vin Khoa hc
Thu li cng cc cng s; KS. Nguyn ng H - PG Ban Qun l v u t xy
dng Thu li 3.
Tm tt ni dung:
Hin nay hiu qu khai thc ca cc cng trnh thu li rt thp. Cng ngh
SCADA (Superisory Control And Data Acquisition) l cng ngh rt ph hp nng
cao hiu qu khai thc cng trnh thu li. Tuy nhin vic trin khai ng dng rng ri
cng ngh ny trn cc h thng thu nng gp rt nhiu kh khn. Gii php chnh
a cng ngh SCADA p dng rng ri trn cc h thng thu nng m Trung tm cng
ngh Phn mm Thu li a ra l: Nghin cu sn xut cc thit b chnh trong h
thng SCADA, xy dng phn mm gim st h thng thu nng gim gi thnh, ch
ng trong vic bo hnh, bo tr h thng. Nu thit b hng c th sa cha c vi
kinh ph ch bng 5-10% so vi kinh ph phi mua mi.
1. Gii thiu h thng SCADA
H thng SCADA gm 2 phn chnh: Phn mm gim st h thng thu nng v
cc thit b phn cng theo hnh 1.
1.1. Phn mm gim st h thng thu nng
Phn mm gim st h thng thu nng c xy dng vi mc ch cung cp
thng tin kp thi v tnh trng phn phi nc trn h thng thu nng gip cn b
qun l iu hnh phn phi nc hp l nhm cung cp nc v ng u trn cc
khu vc ca h thng v pht hin nhng v tr ly nhiu hoc tha nc. Nh vy, phn
mm gim st H thng thu nng l mt cng c tin ch i vi cc cng ty Khai thc
cng trnh thu li tng bc hin i ho v nng cao hiu qu khai thc cc h thng
thu nng, gim chi ph vn hnh.
Khi s dng, phn mm c ci t ti tr s cng ty Khai thc cng trnh thu
li v tu iu kin c s vt cht sn c, phn mm s t ng kt ni v nhn s liu t
ngoi hin trng v Trung tm (nu c h thng thit b u o t ng) hoc phi nhp
bng bn phm cc s liu bo v t hin trng (nu cha c thit b m phi o c
bng th cng- bng cc thu ch). Nu h thng gim st bng cc thit b t ng th
ngi qun l c th iu khin gim st h thng thy nng ti bt c my tnh no c
ci t phn mm v c kh nng kt ni qua ng in thoi.
Giao din ca phn mm c xy dng trn nn tng i tng bn (Map
Objects) ca hng ESRI. Nh vy, phn mm lm vic vi mt i tng bn a l
( c s ho) vi y cc tnh nng qun l v mt a l. N va gip cho ngi
s dng d dng iu hnh h thng quan trc, ng thi c th hnh dung c th v h
thng thu nng ang iu hnh. Trong bo co ny xin gii thiu chi tit v phn mm
trong iu kin s dng ng b vi h thng thit b o nc t ng, t xa.

Hnh 1 - M hnh h thng SCADA phc v hin i ho iu hnh ti, tiu

Tnh nng ca phn mm gim st h thng thu nng:
- Thu thp d liu tc thi: Phn mm cho php ngi s dng c th quan st s liu
cc trm bt k thi im no bng cch quay s cng bc ti trm. V d ti
mt thi im no cn b qun l mun bit mc nc, m cng v lu lng
ti cc im trn h thng, c th chuyn ch o c v ghi vo tp d liu theo
chu k (hang gi hay hng vi gi..) sang ch gim st tc thi.
- Thu thp theo chu k: Sau khi nh chu k thu thp d liu cho phn mm, my
tnh s t ng quay s xung cc trm, thu thp s liu quan trc v ghi vo c s d
liu. Tu theo mc chnh xc m ngi qun l mun, c th ci t quan trc s
liu theo tng gi hay mi ngy 4 ln nh ch quan trc kh tng thu vn hoc
c th theo pht.
- Tnh ton lu lng, lng nc (m3) theo ngy, theo t ti hoc c v qua cng
trnh o nc t cc s liu o.
- Hin th d liu: Cc s liu thu thp, lu lng, lng nc qua cng trnh o nc
c hin th di dng bng, dng th theo thi gian v theo yu cu ca ngi s
dng.
- iu khin t xa: ch quay s cng bc, phn mm cho php vn hnh ng
m ca cng (nu cng vn hnh bng ng c) hoc tt m my bm.

iu khin gim st ti nhiu ni: Ngi s dng c th ci t phn mm ti nh, ti

my tnh xch tay v kt ni ti cc trm o qua ng in thoi, nh vy, c th
iu khin gim st h thng thy nng ca h ti bt c ni no trn th gii min l
c iu kin kt ni vi mng in thoi cng cng.
- Qun l thi gian lu gi s liu ca cc RTU ti cc trm: i vi mi trm o
ngi s dng c th thay i thi gian cp nht s liu ca RTU ti cc trm tu theo
yu cu c th.
- Tnh m ca h thng: Phn mm c php ngi s dng c th thm, bt hay thay
i thng tin ca cc trm o trn phn mm ph hp vi iu kin thc t.
1.2. Cc thit b phn cng v nguyn l hot ng ca thit b.
1.2.1 Cc thit b phn cng:
H thng SCADA p dng trong cng tc iu hnh ti tiu bao gm cc thit b
chnh sau:
+ Thit b ngoi hin trng (ti cc im o):
- Thit b thu thp s liu (RTU);
- Thit b o mc nc;
- Thit b o m cng; ng c ng m cng ;
- Thit b o ma;
- Modem in thoi (hoc modem v tuyn trong trng hp thu pht bng v
tuyn);
- Thu bao ng in thoi hoc thit b thu pht v tuyn;
- Thit b chng st.
+ Thit b ti Trung tm iu hnh:
- My tnh; Thu bao ng in thoi hoc thit b thu pht v tuyn;
- Modem in thoi (hoc modem v tuyn trong trng hp thu pht bng v
tuyn);
- Chng st ng in thoi hoc v tuyn.
1.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca cc thit b:
Cc tn hiu ca cc thit b o mc nc, m cng, o ma c a n hp
k thut, trong c thit b RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) t ti hin trng. Mc ch
hp k thut l chuyn i, chun ha cc tn hiu in t cc thit b o ra cc thng tin
o c mc nc, m cng, lng ma di dng s cn b qun l s dng cho
mc ch qun l iu hnh cng trnh. Thit b RTU cn c chc nng lu tr s liu,
hin th s liu ti ch, c th giao tip v truyn thng tin vi cc my tnh khong
cch khng gii hn qua ng in thai cng cng hoc thit b truyn v tuyn thng
qua phn mm gim st h thng thu nng trnh by trn.
2- S cn thit phi ng dng cng ngh scada hin i ho cng tc iu hnh
ti, tiu
-

Theo nh gi gn y th tng gi tr ti sn hin c ca ngnh Thu li c

khong gn 100.000 t ng. Cc cng trnh chnh gm khong 800 h cha va v ln,
2000 trm bm in ti tiu vi 10.000 my bm cc loi... y l ti sn ln ca Quc
gia, th hin s quan tm ca ng v Nh nc i vi cng tc thu li. Trn thc t
nh c cc cng trnh Thu li, Nng nghip Vit Nam khng ngng pht trin, khng
nhng p ng yu cu Quc gia v an ninh lng thc m cn to nhiu hng ho phc
v xut khu. Tuy nhin, cng theo s liu thng k cho thy hiu qu khai ca cc cng
trnh Thu Li hin nay cn thp, bnh qun c nc t 50-60% so vi thit k ban u.
Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn chnh dn n hiu qu khai thc cng trnh thu li cn
thp l do cng tc qun l, khai thc cng trnh cn nhiu hn ch, cng ngh, phng
tin qun l va thiu va lc hu.
Theo quy nh ca nh nc, cc cng ty KTCTTL ch qun l knh chnh, cc
knh cp 1 v cng u cc knh cp 2, cn cc knh cp 2 tr xung th cc hp tc x
phi qun l iu hnh ti. Tuy nhin do khng c cng c xc nh lng nc ly
qua cc cng u knh cp 2, nn hin tng cc hp tc x ly tha nc ri chy xung
knh tiu l kh ph bin. Vic ny cng tng t nh vic vo nhng nm 90, cc h
nng dn nng thn khng c ng o in, vic thu tin in ly bnh qun theo thng
nn cc h c dng in thoi mi cho cc mc ch khc nhau nh un cm ln, un
nc tm, thp sng ba bi,... nhng ngy nay khi cc h c lp cng t o in th
mi vic khc, mi ngi dn u c thc dng in tit kim; hay nh vic ti
cc thnh ph, trc y cha lp ng h o nc sinh hot th ngi dn dng nc rt
lng ph, nc chy lnh lng ra c ngoi ng, nhng khi lp ng h o nc th mi
ngi dn u s dng tit kim, khng c hin tng vn vi nc chy sut ngy
m nh trc na.
V vy, vic ng dng cng ngh SCADA kim sot mc nc, lng nc cp
qua u cc knh l rt cn thit. Vic ny s gip cn b ca cc cng ty KTCTTL phi
thng xuyn kim tra hin trng cc knh do mnh ph trch trnh r r, ng cc
cng ly nc, m cc cng cn ly nc nng cao cht lng phc v ca cc
cng ty KTCTTL; Cc hp tc x phi quan tm n vic iu hnh phn phi nc trn
cc knh mt rung, trnh hin tng nc ly tha, chy xung knh tiu gy lng ph.
3- Nhng kh khn khi trin khai p dng cng ngh scada hin i ho cng
tc iu hnh ti, tiu trn cc h thng thu nng ton quc
Mc d cng ngh SCADA c B quan tm t lu, nhng n nay vn ch
c u t mang tnh cht th im nh h Sui Du, h Cam Ranh tnh Khnh Ho, h
EaSoup H, h Bun Joong tnh kLk, h Trng Vinh tnh Qung Ninh ch c u
t lp t ti cng trnh u mi; H thng Nam Thi Bnh ch c lp t ti Cng Ln;
H thng p Bc - Nam Hng ang c u t lp t 4 im trn h thng. Vic
khng th trin khai rng ri trn cc h thng thu nng l do cc nguyn nhn chnh
sau:
+ Cc thit b ch yu l nhp ngoi, nn gi thnh cho mt trm o tng i t
(khong t 150 n 300 triu tu thuc vo o trn h thng knh hay u mi h cha).

Nu mt h thng thu nng c 20 im cn o th kinh ph mt khong 3 t ng. y

l mt vn ln rt kh gii quyt;
+ Cc thit b khi b hng l phi thay th hon ton khng th sa c. y s l
gnh nng rt ln cho cc cng ty KTCTTL trong qu trnh s dng h thng, hin ti
kh c cng ty no c th gii quyt c;
+ Cc h thng c u t trc y nh h thng Bc Hng Hi, Bc Ngh An,
Sng Chu,... khng ch n vn chng st lan truyn qua ng in thoi, ng
in v tn hiu t u o m ch quan tm n chng st trc tip. V vy cc h thng
ch hot ng trong thi gian ngn l hng khng hot ng c. Vic ny lm cho
lnh o B, ngn hng ADB cho rng vic u t cng ngh SCADA trn cc h thng
thu nng l khng hiu qu.
+ Nh nc cha c chnh sch khuyn khch r rng cc cng ty KTCTTL
nng cao hiu qu cng tc qun l iu hnh ti, tiu;
+ Cc cng ty KTCTTL v cc h dng nc cha c khi nim cp nc theo
m3. Hin ti cc cng ty KTCTTL v cc h dng nc k hp ng cp nc theo ha,
cc h dng nc yu cu ti l cng ty KTCTTL phi p ng.
4- Nhng gii php trin khai p dng cng ngh scada hin i ho cng tc
iu hnh ti, tiu trn cc h thng thu nng ton quc
Vic lm th no cng ngh SCADA c ph bin rng ri trn tt c cc h
thng thu nng c nc v ang l vn trn tr ca Trung tm Cng ngh Phn
mm Thu li - Vin Khoa hc Thu li. T nm 2001 n nay Trung tm tng bc
nghin cu cc gii php cng ngh ny i vo thc t. Cc gii php chnh gm:
4.1. Gii php v cng ngh, thit b: Trung tm nghin cu t sn xut cc thit b
chnh trong h thng SCADA, bao gm: Thit b thu thp s liu (RTU), thit b o
m cng, thit b o mc nc nhm gim gi thnh (gim t 20-30% so vi thit b
nhp ngoi), ch ng trong vic bo hnh, bo tr sn phm, cc thit b b hng khng
cn thay mi, m ch cn thay th hoc sa cha cc linh kin bn trong, chi ph rt thp
(ch bng 5-10% so vi thay mi), c th nh sau:
+ Thit b thu thp s liu (RTU): Trong khun kh ti cp B Nghin cu tng bc
hin i ho cng tc qun l H thng thu nng p Bc Nam Hng, ng Anh, H
Ni" do Trung tm Cng ngh Phn mm thu li thc hin nm 2001-2003, Trung tm
nghin cu t ch to lp rp Thit b thu thp s liu RTU bng vi x l. Sn phm
ca ti c p dng lp cho 5 d n: D n Cng Ln, tnh Thi Bnh; d n h
cha nc Trng Vinh tnh Qung Ninh; d n Bc Sng M tnh Thanh Ha; d n Sui
Du - Cam Ranh tnh Khnh Ha;
+ Thit b o m cng: Trong khun kh ti cp B Nghin cu cc gii php
cng ngh, thit b trong h thng Thu li nhm phn phi v s lng nc hiu qu
cao c thc hin t nm 2006 n nm 2007 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Min Nam
ch tr. Trong c ni dung nghin cu sn xut thit b o m ca cng phng do
Trung tm Cng ngh Phn mm Thu li thc hin. n nay Trung tm Cng ngh
Phn mm Thy li thc hin xong ni dung ny v sn phm ca ti c p

dng ti cc d n: Cng Hip Thun - Thuc d n p y H Ty; d n h cha

nc EaSoup H tnh kLk;
+ Thit b o mc nc: Trong khun kh ti cp B "Nghin cu ch to mt s thit
b o nc trong h thng knh ti" do Trung tm Cng ngh Phn mm Thu li thc
hin t nm 2007 n 2009. n nay Trung tm nghin cu sn xut thnh cng thit
b o mc nc t ghi kiu phao in t tng ng cc di o 0-1m, 0-1.5, theo k hoch
s nghin cu sn xut thit b o mc nc tng ng vi cc di o 0-2m, 0-2.5m, 03m vo nm 2008.
4.2. Gii php v t chc trin khai p dng:
* i vi cc h thng ti: Vic trin khai ng dng cng ngh SCADA trong cng tc
iu hnh ti cn phi c chia lm 2 giai on:
+ Giai on 1: Cn xy dng cc ng o nc (thit b ny do Trung tm Cng ngh
Phn mm Thu li nghin cu sn xut) ti cc cng phn phi nc. ng h o nc
bao gm 2 b phn chnh: Thit b o nc t ghi kiu phao in t v cng trnh o
nc. Sau mi t ti, cn b qun l ch cn mang thit b lu tr (tng t nh USB)
v cm vo my tnh l phn mm s truyn s liu t thit b lu tr sang my tnh v
hin th mc nc trong ngy, lu lng, lng nc (m3) ly trong ngy, trong t ti,
v ti;
Cc cng ty KTCTTL sau khi c xy dng cc ng h o nc cn phi k
hp ng cung cp nc cho cc h dng nc theo m3. Sau mi t ti cng ty
KTCTTL v h dng nc lp bin bn nghim thu m3 (tng t nh cn b Cng ty cp
nc sch xem ch s ng h o nc ca tng h dn hng thng).
+ Giai on 2: Sau khi cc cng ty KTCTTL quen vi vic cp nc theo m3 th c
th nng cp cc ng h o nc tr thnh h thng SCADA. Lc ny ti trung tm
iu hnh ca cng ty, cn b qun l c th bit c ton b cc thng s hin trng
ca h thng nh mc nc; m cng; lu lng; lng nc ly qua cng trnh
n thi im no trong ngy,... v c th iu khin cng trnh ti trung tm iu
hnh theo yu cu thc t.
* i vi cc cng trnh u mi (c bit l h cha) nn lp t h thng SCADA. V
ti cc im ny cc cng ty KTCTTL phi kim tra mc nc, hin trng cng trnh
thng xuyn. Hn na vic ny s gip cho cc cng ty KTCTTL sm tip cn c
cng ngh c nh hng nng cp cc ng h o nc trn h thng knh ti thnh
h thng SCADA.
5- Kt lun v kin ngh
1. Ti cc nc pht trin nh Nht, c, Hn Quc,... vic ng dng cng ngh SCADA
trong cng tc qun l khai thc cc cng trnh thu li l kh ph bin. Tuy nhin
nc ta vic ng dng cng ngh ny hin i ho cng tc iu hnh ti tiu cn rt
hn ch.
2. cng ngh SCADA c th p dng rng ri trn cc h thng thu nng th cc nh
khoa hc phi c nhim v nghin cu lm th no cng ngh SCADA c th ph hp
vi iu kin kh hu, trnh qun l, kinh t ca Vit Nam. Song song vi nhim v

ca cc nh khoa hc th Nh nc cng cn c ch trng r rng v vic ng dng

cng ngh SCADA hin i ho cng tc iu hnh ti tiu nhm nng cao hiu qu
qun l khai thc cc cng trnh thu li, c cc c ch chnh sch r rng khuyn
khch cc cng ty KTCTTL p dng cc gii php mi nhm ti tit kim, nng cao
cht lng dch v ti, gim chi ph iu hnh ti.
3. Cn phi nghin cu xc nh hiu qu ti trn cc knh cp 1, cp 2 ca cc cng ty
KTCTTL cc Cng ty c c s tnh ton lng nc cn cung cp ti u cc cng
phn phi nc t lng nc yu cu ti trn mt rung. y s l c s cc Cng
ty KTCTTL tnh ton iu hnh ti chnh xc v hiu qu.