4s-1

Reliability

Operations Management

William J. Stevenson

8th edition

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Reliability

CHAPTER

4s

Reliability

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

Operations Management, Eighth Edition, by William J. Stevenson

Copyright 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights

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Reliability

Reliability

Reliability:

The ability of a product, part,

or system to perform its intended function
under a prescribed set of conditions

Failure:

Situation in which a product,

part, or system does not perform as
intended

Normal

operating conditions: The set

of conditions under which an items

reliability is specified

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Reliability

Probability that the product or system will:

Function when activated

Function for a given length of time

Independent events

Reliability is a Probability

Events whose occurrence or

nonoccurrence do not influence each other

Redundancy

The use of backup components to increase

reliability

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Reliability

Rule 1

Lamp 1

.90

Lamp 2

.80

.90 x .80 = .72

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Reliability

Rule 2

.80

Lamp 2 (backup)

.90 + (1-.90)*.80 = .98

.90
Lamp 1

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Reliability

Rule 3
.70

.80

.90

Lamp 3 (backup for Lamp 2)

Lamp 2 (backup for Lamp1)

1 P(all fail)
1-[(1-.90)*(1-.80)*(1-.70)] = .994
Lamp 1

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Reliability

Example S-1 Reliability

Determine the reliability of the system shown

.98

.90

.92

.90

.95

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Reliability

Example S-1 Solution

The system can be reduced to a series of three

components

.98

.90+.90(1-.90)

.95+.92(1-.95)

.98 x .99 x .996 = .966

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Failure Rate

Failure Rate

Figure 4S.1

Infant
mortality

Failures due
Few (random) failures
to wear-out
Time, T

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Exponential Distribution

Figure 4S.2

Reliability = e -T/MTBF
1- e -T/MTBF
T

Time

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Normal Distribution

Figure 4S.3

Reliability

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Availability

The fraction of time a piece of equipment

is expected to be available for operation
Availability

MTBF
MTBF MTR

MTBF = mean time between failures

MTR = mean time to repair

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Improving Reliability

Component design
Production/assembly techniques
Testing
Redundancy/backups
Preventive maintenance procedures
User education
System design