Functions and Their Graphs The Graph of a Function * Relation — A set of all ordered pairs (coordinates). * Domain — All of the x values * Range — All of the y values * Function — A special relation, where every element of the domain is paired with exactly one element of the range. (All the x values are different.) * {(3, 1), (0, 2), (2,4), 5,7) Yes * {3, 0), (1, 2), (5, 5), (3, 4)} No * {(-1, 3), (4, 5), (1, 3), (-3, 6} YegThe Graph of a Function * If you are trying to determine if the line on a graph is a function, then you do a vertical-line test. If the vertical line intersects the line on the graph in only one place, then the graph is a function, Not a Lnclion HS a Rneten The Graph of a Function * Increasing — The areas with a positive slope * Decreasing — The areas with a negative slope * Constant - The areas with the slope of zero (A flat plane) * Local Maxima — The y values at the high points in the graph. — All the mountain peaks (written as f@)=4) * Local Minima — The y-values at the low points in the graph.— All the valleys (written as f(5) = —3) *There can be more than one of each piece above!(x, 4) The Graph ofa Function F=y O + Find f(0), f ();and f (3n)- ane ae ey, (0,4) s@)=4 * What is the domain? [O4} Oxxe4 * What is the range? baa] “4eys4 (on are thi pereeret (o4)(F.0 jE 2,0) (5,0) * How often does the line y = 2 intersect the graph? 4 tes * For what value of x does f(x) = —4? ¢ ) ~4) FC 3n)E4 P(m)2-4 The Graph of a Function * What are the local maxima? F()=4 Flew Flan) * What are the local minima? See amo * Where is it increasing? Tt LS San ractens 7 * Where is ‘it i decleha OL XEN Zrexs Se * Where is it constant? NoneThe Graph of a Function §(3r) $OQ)=4 Domain ; Range toa (2m, 4) MAX, min intercepts INcreasing : decreasing The Graph of a Function * Find f(—2), f(6), and f (1). $(2)=0 F@)=| $0) * What is the domain? [6,0} -cexee (60) hat is the range? -Q4) -asye4 » What are the intercepts? Cee) 62,9) (a4) * How often does the line x = 3 intersect the graph? | tim * For what value of x does f(x) = 4? F0)= 4 $(3=4 (4-3) 7The Graph of a Function * What are the local maxima? $O=4 S@)=4 * What are the local minima? } SCN=a $@)=1 cas * Where is it increasing? “exe * Where is it decreasing? (-4,-2) Posts 4 ssx= 0 * Where is it constant? @exss F(X < CoN) The Graph ofaFunction +° * Find f(—1), f(1), and f (4). GC=1 £2 fl)=1 * What is the domain? é oo, oo) -C9S XL 09 * What is the range? }0,e2) Os * What are the intercepts? (3,0) QS << * How often does the line y = ; intersect the graph? Qhms * For what value of x does f(x) = 0? F(a) 0The Graph of a Function Soc) * Find f(—1), f(1), and f (4). Fl) =| $= * What is the domain? “00 £x200 (-00,00) * What is the range? [0, 02) O£¥Seo » What are the intercepts? (06.9) (30) * How often does the line y = ; intersect the graph? * For what value of x does f (x) = 0? ee 0) J The Graph of a Function * What are the local maxima? FQ):2 * What are the local minima? $)=\ =O * Where is it increasing? —l€X¥| Bex 00 * Where is it decreasing? ~dbocxe-1 1sK53 » Where is it constant? Noax —0O CO ~eoThe Graph of a Function » What are the local maxima? $0) 2 * What are the local minima? $O)z \ $@)= oO 7 “er is it ee -0o “T,1h 13 06 * » Where is 3 13,00) es -0o (-09,-1) t sa) an + oe 5 ee very x x ~ Bor rReoga Trereasing, Decreasing $B): 7 — $=? , £(2): 5, max, min The Graph of a Function * Even Functions * A function is even if, for every number x in the domain, the number - x is also in the domain and f (—x) = f(x). If you plug - x in for x in the function, the resulting equation is the same as the original. The graph of even functions are symmetric with respect to the y-axis. SSYTTIME TIC WIR LES PECLEO ENEy, ax * Odd Functions * A function is odd if, for every number x in the domain, the number - x is also in the domain and f (—x) = —f (x). If you plug - x in for x in the function, the resulting equation will be the opposite of the original. The graph of odd functions areThe ae of a Function Neithec Folds on Bot ests cole. » an YWraxis Sail wigia [Zo and nds Symmetrical S exactly he Sine: The Graph of a Function *f@=x-5 f(~)=x8-1 Even Nether * f(x) =5x3-x f(x) = 2x* — x? Evena f (Be) net | J Domain (0) —. ee Te £3, jo Max/ ma Ss ict (ee CHL 323 toe | D C49) aoe fae) [0,4] The Graph of a Function © f@) 4+) * Is the point (13) on the graph? No, the paint (1,5) is on the graph * If x = 2, what is f(x)? SQ: 0.8 * If f(x) = 2, what is x? FEYEQ * What is the domain? Range? cars) (2.00) $811, * Wh: Beg intercepts? +S cos x<-2 |-ee eye FA= XsS0 | Le yecoPiecewise Functions * In May 2004, Commonwealth Edison Company supplied electricity to residences for a monthly customer charge of $7.13 plus 8.275 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWhr) for the first 400 kWhr supplied in the month and 6.208 cents per kWhr for all usage over 400 kWhr in the month. ISX O.08RISX Ke <4OO VAB+* O-0CQ0R% 7 +400 The Graph of a Function 10 f(x) =-3x? +5x = * Is the point (—1,2 ) on the graph? Ne, C1,-8) is on Hee gece’ * Ifx = —2, what is f(x)? F(2): “an * If f(x) = —2, what is x? $@=-g FG3)+-2a * What is the domain? Range? (2,90) (-00, 2.083] * What are the intercepts? (0,05 (1%.0) eae oPiecewise Functions * —x+1<—-11 Find F(0), F(2), and f(2). ss “(gm 5O=2) $Q)= (2) ed hentian, What are the domain and range of the graph? Domain [> U >) Ranga (©), es) Continuous or Discontinuous? Becarse He are Jum ps Piecewise Functions x? 411 x<0 f(x) = 411 - 4x O 2) MB 7 2>3 <,S,> are all found under2°JMATHITEST and is found under{2"{MATH|LOGIC *To change the window, hit ZOOM 0, or to manually change the window, hit WINDOW, and change the Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, and Ymax. Piecewise Functions * Your favorite dog groomer charges according to your dog’s weight. If your dog is 15 pounds and under, the groomer charges $35. If your dog is between 15 and 40 pounds, she charges $40. If your dog is over 40 pounds, she charges $40, plus an additional $2 for each pound. = a. Write a piecewise function that describes what your dog groomer charges. ® 25 X¢€6 40 IS 0 F(x) = 96° Ps) F(x) = |x| Fe) 2 Cane8)-7Transformations * Parent Functions — The simplest form of a set of functions that form a family. * Translation — A shift of the graph of a parent function, horizantally, vertically, or both without changing its shape. Vertical Translations (Kk units) Up: f(x) +k Down: y = f(x) —k Left: y = f(x + h) Vertical Stretches and Horizontal Stretches and Compressions Compressions y =f (ax) y=a(f(x)) Stretch for0 1 Compressionfora > 1 Compressionfor0 Moves VP dow a places mer aces $@) = SD? f@) = @ Gy * moves Moves lef rig Wt 3 Place, S PlacesTransformations * Graph the following functions in your calculator. What do you notice about the translations from the parent function F(X)F |x] —12 Down 12 f(x)ayx+5 Lege 5 f(x)eyx+2 Up & I(x) =@-3)" Right & Transformations * Graph the following functions in your calculator. What do you notice about the translations from the parent function f(x) = sin(x)? * f(x) = 2sin(x) fx) = 5sin(x) Vick enh igre Vertical Comoress 2 & sachor of : a a oy & facke of cz * f(x) = sin(2x) f(x) = sin(5x) Nori rental compress horizontal Stredch by a Sacer of Q_ bog a factor of 4.Transformations * Graph the following functions in your calculator. What do you notice about the translations from the parent function f(x) =x?? (y-. ay f(x) = -x? f(x) =(-x-4)? Fi:ps over the taxis Flips en the eos Transformations * Write the transformations of the following functions from their original parent functions. SO) = Se $O)= 4) = QED f@) = FOx@ “2 = moves riohk A [= moves Lest 4 ‘Ls mms up | | sos up a 3: = vertical a Stretch - = $95 over He as a(ayerTransformations s Parent Function - y = f(x) ot x Transformations * Write the final equation of f(x) =((x)atter the following transformations. » Shift left 2units |%+2\ * Shift up 3 units | x+a| +3 » Reflect about the y-axis | -™% val+ 25 * Vertically stretch by a factor of 2 Binal) fpcpsformations Parent Function =) /0) a A gh an Ww rd y= bk f. ak Ses FAS ee =e,Transformations * Write the final equation of f(x) = x? after the following transformations. » Shift right 5 units & . 5). * Shift down 7 units x 8) -7 * Reflect about the x-axis — (x 8y -4 * Horizontally compress by a factor of 3 ; “@esy-7 ey {* fiesta 2 inside ( ) Verdi cal = ovtsid ( $= Falei| xs| B16 x63 b-dxn X23 a) ’Y AY *\eo0,0] A. 8) Foe? Y)F@=6 2Fa)s3poe = 10) ok og hx): “2. iy-a a 3 y= “Fe mC a