QUY TRNH VN HNH CHUNG H THNG LC NC B BI

H thng lc nc b bi hot ng theo mt vng kn. Nc b bi sau

mt ngy hot ng s b bn nn cn phi c lm sch li. Nc c bm
qua h thng x l, qua cc cng on kh trng, lc... c c sch t
yu cu. Quy trnh vn hnh ca h thng nh sau:
A. V TR CC VAN BM IU KHIN BNH LC
m bo cc chc nng hot ng ca bnh lc, mi bnh lc s c
lp 05 van iu khin b tr nh sau:

BM P LC 5,5HP

CT LC CNG NGHIP D1400

D110

V1

V2

HT NC SCH

D110
V5

HT Y
V4

V3

RA GA THU

D110

HT B CN BNG
CP RA B BI

No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

V tr
Lc
Ra ngc
X nc lc u
X kit nc b
ng
Cp nc sch vo b

V1
M
ng
M
M
ng
ng

V2
ng
M
ng
M
ng
ng

V3
ng
M
ng
ng
ng
M

V4
M
ng
ng
ng
ng
M

V5
ng
ng
M
ng
ng
ng

B. VN HNH H THNG:
Bt bm ht nc t b nc sch vo y b bi. Trong qu trnh hot ng c
mt lng nc b tht thot ch yu do bay hi nn nn mc nc trong b bi
thp hn mc nc rnh x trn th tin hnh bm nc b xung vo y b:
1

I.

BM NC SCH B SUNG Y B

1. Trng hp hao ht nhiu hoc thay mi nc b:

t 01 h thng van ca bnh lc bt k v tr b xung nc vo b. M
van ht nc b cn bng, m van chn ng ht bm D110 tng ng. Bt
bm, ht nc t b cha cp vo b bi. Khi lng nc ht t b cha cp v
b bi b lng nc hao ht th nc bt u trn qua rnh x trn chy v
b cn bng. Khi dng bm bt u qu trnh lc.
Ch : Lun lun kim tra mc nc trong b cha khng tt qu
ming ht bm lm bm chy kh, iu ny s dn n chy bm.
Khi lng nc ht vo b bi lm gim mc nc trong b cha nc
sch th van phao t ct mc nc s m ra b xung nc t tuyn ng km
vo b cn bng trong qu trnh bnh lc hot ng cho n khi nc trong b bt
u trn v b cn bng.
Ch : Lun lun kim tra mc nc trong b cha nc sch v b cn
bng khng tt qu ming ht bm lm bm chy kh dn n chy bm.
m bo khng xy ra s c ny phi vn nh van ht b cn bng
lng nc ht i t b cn bng bng vi lng nc sch b xung v lng
nc trn v. Gc vn van s c iu chnh theo thc nghim.
II.
QU TRNH LC:
1. H thng lc:
a. Ht y v b cn bng:
- Sau khi nc bt u trn v b cn bng, Tt bm, t cc bnh lc 01, 02,
vo v tr lc. M cc van ht ca cc bm tng ng. M van ht b cn bng
v van ht y b bi ca h thng.
- Bt bm cc bm, lc nc cho b.
- Kim tra bm ht c tt khng nu b e hoc khng ht th tt bm, tin hnh
mi li.
- t l ht m bo lng thu nc mt v thu y u bng 50% cng sut
lc phi iu chnh bng thc nghim trn hai van chn ng thu y v
ng ht b cn bng D160mm. T l ny s c iu chnh bng thc
nghim v nh du trn van khi a h thng vo hot ng.
2. H thng chm ho cht :
B chm phn :
- Khi nc b c nhiu th cn chm phn vo b lm trong nc. Khi ,
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kim tra phn c trong bnh cn khng. Nu khng phi b xung cho
, khng bm nh lng ht kh gy hin tng e bm.
- Dng phn pha vo nc trong bnh, khuy ln cho tan phn.
- M van ht bnh phn ca bm ho cht, bt bm chm phn vo h thng.
H thng iu chnh pH:
- Kim tra nu pH thp (< 7,2) th tin nng pH bng cch ho Sa vo
bnh cha, hm lng theo t l 10 kg sa/ 200 lt nc, m bo mc ho
cht trong bnh cha lun cho qu trnh hot ng, khng bm chy kh
dn n chy, hng bm nh lng.
- t bm mc 90%; gt cn iu khin sang v tr kim ho (ALK-xem dch
Catalog chi tit b iu khin). Bt b iu chnh pH t ng. Kim tra ho
cht c c ht ln khng, nu khng phi dng bm v kim tra.
- Kim tra nu pH cao (>7,6) th tin nng pH bng chuyn u ht bm
nh lng chnh pH vo bnh cha Acid. m bo mc ho cht trong bnh
cha lun cho qu trnh hot ng, khng bm chy kh dn n chy,
hng bm nh lng.
- t bm mc 90%; gt cn iu khin sang v tr axit ho (ACID-xem dch
Catalog chi tit b iu khin). Bt b iu chnh pH t ng. Kim tra ho
cht c c ht ln khng, nu khng phi dng bm v kim tra, mi li.
- B iu chnh pH ny hot ng theo nguyn tc t ng hon ton. Thit b
gm c mt b iu khin t ng km bm nh lng v mt b in cc o
pH. Dng chy qua h thng l dng chy tun hon nn in cc s lun lun
o pH trong nc v bo v b iu khin. B iu khin hin th gi tr
ny bng s in t, ng thi so snh vi gi tr tiu chun do ngi s dng
t trc trong my. Nu c s sai lch gia hai gi tr, b iu khin s iu
khin bm nh lng chm ho cht cho n khi pH ca nc b bi t tiu
chun cho php th dng li.
- pH b bi tiu chun cn t 7,2-7,6. Do thit b t ng hot ng nn
ngi vn hnh khng cn iu chnh g trn my m ch cn kim tra lng
ho cht trong bnh cha, khng cn dn n chy, hng bm nh lng.
H thng chm ho cht kh trng:
- nc Javel vo bnh cha. m bo mc ho cht trong bnh cha lun
cho qu trnh hot ng, khng bm chy kh dn n chy, hng bm.
- t bm mc 90%. Bt b iu chnh Clo. Kim tra ho cht c c ht
ln khng, nu khng phi dng bm v kim tra, mi li.
- B iu chnh Clo ny hot ng theo nguyn tc t ng hon ton. Thit b
3

gm c mt b iu khin t ng km bm nh lng v mt b in cc o
Clo d. Dng chy qua h thng l dng chy tun hon nn in cc s lun
lun o Clo d trong nc v bo v b iu khin. B iu khin hin th
gi tr ny bng s in t, ng thi so snh vi gi tr tiu chun do ngi s
dng t trc trong my. Nu c s sai lch gia hai gi tr, b iu khin s
iu khin bm nh lng chm ho cht cho n khi Clo d ca nc b
bi t tiu chun cho php th dng li.
- Clo d cho b bi tiu chun cn t t 1-3mg/l. Do thit b t ng hot
ng nn ngi vn hnh khng cn iu chnh g trn my m ch cn kim
tra lng ho cht trong bnh cha, khng cn dn n chy, hng bm.
- Ch : khi cn x l theo phng php SHOCK IT (Sc, kh trng mnh)
bng nc Javel th c th dng bm chm phn: m ng ht ho cht vo
bnh Javel, ng ng ht phn. Bt bm chm Javel vo b. iu chnh lu
lng hp l khng b cn gy chy bm. Trng hp dng Clo kh th ri
u bt Clo ra b t hiu qu nhanh nht.
Ch : Lun lun kim tra lng ho cht trong bnh cha khi bm ho
cht vn hnh. Khng c bm chy kh, iu ny s dn n chy bm.
H thng hon ton i vo hot ng, nc trong b bi c ht qua ng
x y v b cn bng, sau khi qua h thng s c lm sch tr li v bm tr
li b bi bng cc ng cp nc sch tun hon D160. Nc trong b s trn
n ng x trn xung quanh b v chy li v b cn bng theo ng x trn ca
b bi.
H thng ang trng thi lc.
III. DNG H THNG:
- H thng lc trong khong 5-6 ting th ton b nc trong b u c lc
sch.
- Tt cc b chm ho cht.
- Tt tt c cc bm, ng tt c cc van chn, t van iu khin bnh lc v
tr ng, a h thng v trng thi dng ch ln lc tip theo.
- t cc bnh lc v v tr ng (v tr 5).
- H thng trng thi dng.
- Trong trng hp tri ma, nc b bi dng cao chy v b cn bng th
nc trong b cn bng s thot qua ng x trn v ga thu.
IV. X RA H THNG:
- Trong qu trnh hot ng, khi kim tra thy chnh lch p sut cc ng h
4

o p lc lp trn cc bnh lc tng ln qu 1,3 kg/cm2 th cn phi ra ngc cc

bnh lc.
- t h thng ch dng h thng, ra cc bnh lc theo cc bc nh sau:
+ t van bnh lc no cn x ngc vo ch ra ngc 2.
+ M van ht y b v van ht ca bm tng ng. Bt bm ra ngc
cho bnh lc. Nc ra ngc s theo tuyn ng x D160 x xung ga thu.
- Theo tiu chun DIN 19643, thi gian ra ngc phin lc khong 7 pht. Thi
gian ra ngc trong 7 pht cho mi bnh lc, quan st nc x ra qua knh quan
st n khi thy nc trong th dng li.
- Tt cc bm.
- Chuyn bnh lc v trng thi x nc lc u 3, bt bm x cho n khi nc ra
trong th thi (quan st qua knh).
- a bnh lc v trng thi dng.
V. X KIT NC B BI:
- Khi cn thit c th dng bm bnh lc ht cn nc b x kit c
nhanh chng. Khi , m van ht y b, t mt bnh lc tng ng v tr
x kit b 4. M van ht ca bm tng ng ri bt bm ht x kit b bi.
- cp nc sch vo y b tr li theo quy trnh cp nc sch b xung y
b .
VI. HT RA B BI:
- thun li cho vic ht ra y b v khng gy nh hng n ngi vn
hnh h thng b bi chng ti kt hp dng h thng bm lc ht ra
b v m bo an ton lao ng v khng u ni ng in 220v ra thnh b
ging nh dng b bm ht ra di ng trn thnh b bi.
- Cm ng ht v bn ht vo ming ht t ch sn thnh b (ch khi
cm ng ht phi dm ng xung nc sao cho khng cn khng kh trong ng
khng b e bm).
- V bm c cng sut ln nn phi kt hp ng thi m van ht ra y b v
m t 70 - 80% tit din van ht y b bi
- Bt bm to sc ht, dng so nhm y bn ht i khp y b ht ht cn
bn, chuyn ln lt v tr cho n khi ht ht b th th tt bm.
- Nc ht ra s chy theo rnh x trn v b cn bng v c lc li bng
bnh lc D1400.
- Thng xuyn kim tra b lc rc i km bm ht ra ly tc, rc bn ra
khi b lc.
- Vic v sinh b phi c tin hnh thng xuyn b lun lun sch s.
5

VII. BO TR H THNG:
- Cc b phn nh bm, bnh lc ct u c b phn cn bo tr, thay th... theo
catalog ring ca mi b phn (km theo bn dch-cn c k cc bn dch ny
trc khi vn hnh h thng). Khi bo tr bm, ng cc van ca bm cn bo
tr li, h thng vn hot ng nhng vi cng sut yu hn. Trong thi gian
, bo tr bm theo hng dn trong catalogue bm. Nu cn sa cha th
tho hn bm ra khi h thng sa cha. Tng t i vi bnh lc, t cc
van trc bnh lc v tr ng, bnh lc s c cch ly hon ton ra khi h
thng sa cha. Cc iu kin vn hnh bo dng thit b c th c ghi
trong cataloge ca nh sn xut km theo, mi hng hc gy ra do thc hin
khng ng cc quy nh ca nh sn xut u khng c bo hnh.
*Hng ngy:
- Kim tra cc thng ng ho cht cho cc bm nh lng, nu vi th b sung
ho cht theo ng nng ni trn. Khi vn hnh my, kim tra xem
bm c ht ho cht khng, nu khng th kim tra cc chi tit, mi li bm.
- Kim tra ng h o p lc ca lc ct, nu p sut lc vt qu 1,3 kg/cm2
th dng my v thc hin qu trnh ra ngc cho cc bnh lc ct.
- V sinh b bi theo ch dn v sinh b
* Hng tun:
- Kim tra, bm du m cho bm theo hng dn ring ca bm.
- Thc hin phng php x l SOCK IT (nh hng dn km theo) kh ru
to.
* Hng thng:
- Bo dng, v sinh thit b theo hng dn ring ca tng loi thit b
* Sau 06 thng:
- Kim tra cc bnh lc v b sung ct (nu cn).
- Thay mi ton b nc cho b bi khi cn thit.

CC BIN PHP X L HO CHT CHO B BI

1. X L RU TO THEO PHNG PHP SOCK IT
m bo cho ru to khng pht trin th hng tun phi x l b theo
phng php kh trng mnh bng Clo. Lng Clo a vo b phi t liu
lng l 200g/10m3. Do tng lng Clo a vo b cho mi ln x l l
0,2kg250=50kg.
2. A B VO HOT NG.
V nhiu l do khc nhau, b bi c th b ng ca nn khi cn hot ng
tr li cn thc hin cc bc sau:
Khi ng li h thng lc v bm.
S dng vt ly ht rc ri, cy que c trong b. C ra thnh v y
b, thm nc vo b cho y. Chy h thng bm v kim tra h thng thu nc
trn, thu y b v cc vi a nc vo b xem c hot ng tt khng. Nu tt
c lm vic tt th cho lm vic ch ra b v ht ht bn y b.
Thay mi ton b nc b theo hng dn vn hnh.
Cho chy h thng lc. Sau khi h thng lc chy vi ting kim tra xem
cht lng nc, chnh pH; kim. Chnh li mc nc, chnh li pH cho ng t
7,2 n 7,6; tng PH bng cch thm Soda vo nc, gim pH bng cho
Sodiumbisulfate vo.
Cho clo vo b, chy vi ting iu chnh lng chlor d n mc tiu
chun (1-3 mg/l).
3. NG CA B BI.
Khi cn ng ca b bi hoc khng s dng di ngy cn lm cc th tc
sau:
- Chnh PH n mc 7,2 7,4
- Cho lng chlor ln vo b (s dng SOCK IT), sau khi cho lng chlor
trn vo chy h thng lc 24 48h ht ht bn y b, h thp mc nc b v
tt bm cng fin lc, x nc fin lc + bm.
ng kn ca v hn ch cc tc ng t bn ngoi.

CC VN THNG GP KHI VN HNH B BI

1. RU TO :
C 3 loi ru to c th tn ti b : xanh, en v vng, c 3 loi ny u c
th kh bng 1 cch:
- u tin phi kim tra pH v chnh cho ng t 7,2 7,6. Sau s dng
phng php SOCK IT x l.
- Sau khi chnh pH kh trng bng nng chlor mnh.
- Sau khi cho chlor vo th c ra thnh v y b v cc loi ru to hay pht
trin thnh v cu thang ca b.
2. NC C :
C nhiu nguyn nhn gy ra nc c.
- Do cht thi ca ngi bi nhiu.
- nh hng ca ru to.
- pH qu cao.
- gii quyt vn trn trc ht kim tra v iu chnh nc b bi cho
pH 7,2 7,6 v tng cht ho tan : 60 100mg/l.
- Kim tra chlor d (phi t 2-3mg/l).
- Nu nc c mu xanh c th do ru, cho kh trng vi nng chlor
cao.
- Nu vn c th kim tra h thng lc v c th phi cho thi gian lc di
hn.
3. CN :
- Cn bm c th trng, xm hoc mu nu, l do hu qu ca kim
v pH cao chng ng cn chnh pH 7,2 7,6 v kim tng 60
100mg/l.
4. VT BN :
- Vt bn thng do g st trong nc nu nc trong b c tnh oxi ho
kim loi v oxit kim loi bm vo thnh b to vt loang.
- chng vt bn lun chnh ng ch nc cho b .
5. AU MT :
Nhiu khi sau khi bi mt ca ngi bi bt u , rt gy kh chu cho
ngi bi iu do nguyn nhn sau :
- pH khng ng.
- Chlor d qu nh.
8

 trnh iu cn :
- Kim tra v chnh ng pH, cho cc ho cht sau vo bnh ng ho cht
chnh pH:
+ pH qu cao: cho Sodium bisulfate
+ pH qu thp: cho Sodium carbouate
Cho h thng lc tun hon, b t ng s t ng chnh li pH cho ng
- Kim tra chlor d t( 13 mg/l).
6. NC I MU :
Thnh mu nu, xanh hn hp.
- Kim tra v chnh PH : 7,2 7,6 (Tt nht l t 7,4 7,6).
- Kh trng mnh b bi bng phng php SOCK IT.