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    Section 10(b) - Piling Works

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    piling work

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    50 views48 pages

    Section 10 (B) - Piling Works

    Uploaded by

    Beh Kok Aun
    piling work

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 48
    LECTRITED DOUBLE TRACKING FROFECT MHL PADANO REAR prmocomt vinnie SECTION 10- PILING WORKS 10.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PILING WORKS 40.441 Scope of Work “The pling works chal comprise the eupply,inetallation ane testing of ples in accordance with this Spectication to the lines, levels, grades and cross-sections 2s shown onthe Drawing 101.2 General Requirements 10.121 Standards and Workmanship ‘All materials and workmanship shal be in agcordance with the appropiate current Bitch Standards or Codes of Practice and other ‘approved ‘standards except wine the requirements of these Standards or Codes of Practico aro in copfict with this. Speaticalon in which case. the requirements ofthis Speciation shal take precedence, ‘The Contractor shall take all necessary steps fo ensure the proper Installaion of ples. All ples shall be instalod by sen methods ‘and equipment which wil not impair its sttenghh or cause damage t the pile bhaad, shaft o to. [At all stages during pile inetallation and until incorporation inio the superstructure, the pie shall be adequately Supported ard restrained by means of leaders, testes, temporary supports or some other guide frrangements to maintain ts position and allgnment and to prevent buckling. These arrangemonis shall be such tat damage 2 the ple oes not occur. 101.22 Progress Report (On the frst day of each weck, the Contractor shall submit lo the SE, a progress report for the pling works ina formet to be agreed Between the SIE. and the Conltacior. The Contractor shall report on the cumulative progress up to the previous week and compare against the planned progress up to the same perio, 104.23 Piling Programme ‘The Contractor shall inform the S.E. atthe begining of every week the intended programme for the pling works for the coming week and shat ‘lve adequate notice of is intention to work outside normal houre and at ‘woskends, ak JAN 008 LECTRFED DOUBLE TRACKING PROFECTIOHLPADANO MEER Dresuceanasnascon 19 101.24 101.25 101.26 so127 10.128 Record Drawings (On completion ofthe installation of all pls, the contractor shall prepare ‘and submit the Sin duplicate, drawings showing the actual postions ‘and depths of al les instaled relative to an approved datum, Ef 19 Works Adjacent to Existing Structures, Works/Services Every precaution including a condition survey prior to commencement of works ‘shall be taken by the Contracior to ensure that the. adjacent siructures, works or services wil not be damaged or subjected to excessive vibrallon, When instructed by tho SE. the Contractor shall cary out af necessary survey, prior 19 commencoment of works, at locations where such structures andlor services are expected 1 enist When executing. tho pling. works, the Confractor shall be. solely responsible and ilabl fr all expenses whatsoever reeling from damage (oF excessive vibrations caused fo existing structures, works or services iting Method “The Contractor shall submit forthe approval of the SE all relevant detals ofthe method of pling such as particulars ofthe plant and equlpmant o be employed. Such information must be submitted 'o the S.E. no lat than ‘one (1) week prior othe commencement of te pling works. Estimated Length of Piles and Cut-off Level “The length of piles shown in the Drawhge ie indloatve only. The actual length of pile. shal be decided on site by the SE. based on an examination of the maleral recovered from the plle bore (for bored cast inestu and micro pies), the results of soll investigations including in-situ tests i any; at the botiom of the pile excavation, and the results of preliminary pile load tests, sc, depending onthe specified pile type to be ‘adopted for the work. The cutoff level of th piles shall be as shown on the Drawings Reference Station ‘The Contactor shall establish approved back and fore survey reference stations across the pie lines at selected posiions to enable ler ‘movement of the piles to be determined Vertical movement shall be determined by leveling off at agroed and ‘approved benchmarks that are located in an area whichis remote from the area of pling and free from any detimental iturtances of any kind LECTRIED DOUBLE TRACKING ROC? BCH PAD AN BESAR Dre sovcory ns sm. 19 10.129 104.2.10 torn 40.122 Setting Out and Pile Layout The pie layout and the number of piles roqured are as shown on the Drawings. Settng cut shall be carried out using the data and reference points shown on the Drawings. Immediately before the installation of ‘each ple, the pile poston shal be marked wih eulabie identifiable pins, gs er markers. Labour ‘The Contractor shal only employ appropriately experienced and qualfied {oremen together wih the necessary gangs of tained labour experienced inthe installation of he ples. Tidy site ‘The Contractor shall keep the work sto clear of all unnecessary ‘obsiructions such as spol heaps, discarded wie ropes and relnforoement rods, et. Tolerances (@) Position For a plo cut off at or above ground level, the maximum penitted ‘eviaton of the pile osnte fom the cantre-point shown inthe seting aut savings shall be 75mm n any directon. An addllonal tolerance fora ple head cutoff below ground level shall be permitted in accordance with sub- lause 10.1.2.12(b) andlor 10.12, 12(). (©) Vericatiy Upon the commencement ofthe installation of each vertat ple, tho pile or piletiving equipment in te case of a driven pile, ar the relevant tquipment governing alignment inthe case of the bored ple or micro-pil, shall be set vertcal. Te maximum permited devaton ofthe fnihed ple fiom vertical ie 1:75 (© Rake “The maximum permitted deviation of the frished pile from the spectied rake is 125 for oles raking up lo 1(H6(V) and 1 In 18 for ples raking more than ¥(H)6(V), () Forcible Conectons te Piles Forcible comrectons to concrete ples shall not be permite. Forcble corrections may be permite to other types of pls if approved by he SE However, no forcibie corrections shal Be made to ple thal have deviated beyond the permissible limis specified in Sub-Sectins 101.2128), 40.1.2:12{) and 10.4.2.12(¢ above LECTRIMED HOUBLETRACKENGPRNECT OT. FADANO MAR, reswrcoaig.sisensaia 10 soa2a3 so2.44 Rejection of Pies Piles deviating {rom poston or inclination by more than the allowable folerances shall be rejected. If any pile is rejected ether due to ie incorrect poston, poor workmanship, poor materials or due to any other causes, the S.£, shall order addtional ples, es necessary, tobe Ietalled ‘and incorporated into the re-designed ple cap, If the Contractor is required to Install an adistonal ple or ples, the Contracior shal not be pald for the reject plo but shal be paid only for ‘one pile of the average length of tho addtional pies. The cost of the second ple i wo are ordered, plus the addtional cnet of the pe cap ‘ver the original design an all other costs involved in the amendments ‘necessary tothe supported structure as a result ofthe altered positons of the ples and the special design ofthe pile cap shall be entirely Bore by the Contractor. nce and Damage (@) Noise and Disturbance “The Contractor shall cay out the ping workin such @ manner and at such times £0 a fo minmica noise, vibratan ard other cituroanes in order Io ‘comply wth fe current environmental legislation, (©). Damage to adjacent Stuctures If in the opinion of Contractor camage wil be, ori kel to be, caused to mains, services or adjacent structures due to pil instalation, shal eubmit fo the S.E. its proposal for making surveys, monitoring movements. Vibrations, and minimising or avoiding euch damage, The S's approval, however, shall not in anjuay releve the Contractor from as responsi for ensuing that tho adjacent structures are not damages by the pling works. (©) Damage o ples ‘The, Contractor shall ensure that during the course of the work, no slaplacement or damage occurs which would impale eth the perfomance, or the durabilly of tre competed ples. ‘The Contacior shal submit othe S.E. its proposed sequance and timing forthe instalation of ples, having due regard for te avoldance of damage {o adjacont piles or agjacant structures LECTHIMED DOUBLE TRACKING PROJET RILAADANORESAR DrPsecomNneaso% 99 Mewes 1043 10. 0432 a Installation of Driven or Jacked-in Piles Hammer, Dolly, Hydraulic Jacking System, ete. ‘The Contractor shal propose a hammer ofsufclon! weight andlor nergy {ha is sullable for and compatible wit th proposed ples and shall match the helmet and dolly used. The Contractor shall ensure that no piles are damaged during instalation. A hydraulic hammer or hydraute jacking ysiem shall be used where spected or ae requed By the regulatory hori. ‘The Contractor shall submit to the S.E. all details regarding the suitability, ‘efficiency and energy of the ple instalation equipment. ‘The Contractor shall carty out dynamic. evaluation and analysis using Pile Driving ‘Analyzer (PDA) test 1 demonstrate the effciency of the hammer, “The Contractor shall provide a suitable helmet and doty wih packing ‘composed of resent material forthe protocton of pie heads during the pile instaation. ‘The packing shal be inspected a intervals and immediately renewed if becomes neavily compressed andlor loses its resilience, Pile Installation Stresses ‘Stresses during pile installation shall not excead those recommended in BS.8004:1986, Code of Practice for Foundations and Table 10.1 below ‘Table 10.1: Summary of Alowable Compression and Tenslon Forces (US and AS Practice) ‘Stress Type 'S1Unit Limit ‘Sioal Compression DSF, Sigel Tension oF, Prosesad Conte Conassin O88 tate rosiressed Concrete Tension Gr ozs ry™ Reg, Reinforced Concrate rar ‘Compression (top) e Reg, Reinforced Concrete Tenkion OTE ATA “Tmber 3 Whore Fy = steel yield strength (MPa) f= Concreta 28 day strength (MPa) fn = Effective presress (MPa) A, = Stoel Reinforcement Area ‘A, = Concrete Area ‘on Allowable Staic Tinber Sess (MPa) fa ELECTRIFIED DOUSLETRACKING PROJECT OM.FADANO BEAR seacoast ns021 10 101.33 yo1a4 10135 "awoke Marking, Handling and Storage The method and sequence of iting, handling, traneporting and string of piles shal bo carrad out in such a manner that damage tothe pllos and their coatings is minimised. “Only the designed iting and support points shall be used. During transport and slorage, piles shall be placed on ‘adequate approved suppors located under the lifting points of te ples. All piles within a stack shal be In groups af he same length, Packing of uniform thickness shal be providea between ples atthe ling points, Piles that are damaged during handling and traneporing shall be replaced by the Contractor at his oun expense. All damaged and ‘ejected piles shall be removed from the Sita forthwith Each pile shall be cloarly numbered and marked at 600mm intervals along its length with indelible and legible markings before being jacked or driven to enable the depth of ple penetraton al any siage of ple Installation to be read, Pre-boring Pre-boring shall be cared out if pile driving or jacking reveals that the piles cannot penetra fo the required dopth ether dus to the presence of 8 thin hard stratum or due t cbstucions encountered during instalation, ‘The diameter and depth af he pre-bore ehal ba autable fo install the plo {o the required depth. Boring shal be caried out by a power auger upto the specified depth. ‘Where caving condltans are encountered or where excess waier begins seeping Into the borehole, no further deling shal fake place untl the Contactor takes all neceseary precautions and selects an approved method fo prevent ground movement or the Ingress cf wator oc foreign materi Driving/Jacking of Pil Piles shall be hydrauicaly jacked or driven continously untl the specified depth analor resistance of get has been reached. The piles shall be installed ttue to postion, plum oF ineination using approved piling equipment. Care shall be taken during pa instalation to provent ny Tendency of the le to whip, twist or rotate, The hammer, if used, shall strike the pile centrally and in line withthe ale axis. A follower (lng éally) shall not be used unless approved, In which case the SE. wil require the sel, where applicable, to be revised in order {o take into account the reduction In the effectveness of the hammer blow. Should the plo be driven by a suspended hammer or when ples are to be driven in pre-bored hols, adequate and approprist lg grips ot (guides shall be provided to manain the pile pasion. ‘All ples shall be installed in an approved sequence to minimise the detrimental effects of heave and lateral deplacement ofthe ground LECTRIED DOUBLE TRACKING PRIECT R-EADANODESAR, resniconcy si econ 10 so1a6 0137 0438 1013.9 ‘Termination Criteria Piles shall be driven fo the required penetrations andlor sels as are festabshed from pile load tests excapt for hydrauileal jacked pile, the piles shal be jacked to hwo (2)times the Working Load, Pile Shoes “The Contactor shall install pls with shoes as shown on the Drawings Pie shoes shall be manufactured from durable material capable. of withstanding the stresses caused by driving wihout damage and shall ‘comply withthe folowing as relevant ()‘Chille-hardened” cast ion shoes to BS.1452, Grade 10; or (Mi stl to 8.4360, Grade 508; of (W)—Casteteel to 8S.3100, Grade A. and (Oslo point Rock shoes whore spectid shall consist of wrought ran shoes ard mild steel straps cast into “Chiled-hardenad” cast ron blocks, 28 indica in the Drawings. Pile Heave and Risen Piles ‘The Contractor shall instal piles in such manner and sequence 20 as to prevent and minimise ground heave, lateral displacement andlor up- hhaave of adjacent pes [As soon as diving of a pio haa been completed, the positon and the ‘reduced level of ha pile head shall be established and recorded to enable {quantification of any subsequent displacement caused by the Installation ‘of an adjacent pile ar any other work. Piles which have risen asa result ofthe instalation of adjacent ples shal bo rerven to the orginal depth or set or revacked fo the required resistance, Re-dive checks shall be carried out ae drocied by tho SE In ‘accordance with an approved procedure Hard Driving ‘The Contractor shall taka all necessary precautions in the event of very hard diving being experienoed, to prevent the ples frm being damaged andlor driven out of agnmant t,in the opinion of the Contractor, hard diving Is encountered, shal notify the S.E. thereof and submit its proposal for overcoming. the iicuties, Acceptance by the SE ofthese proposals or the Contractors acceptance of suggestions by the S.E. shall i no way absolve the ‘Contractor ofits responsibities under the Contract. ELECTRIFIED DOUBLE TRACKING PROIECTCH-EADANO SAR DrPAMICoMIOANINEDSANH 0 10.13.10 wasnt ating of ground shal not be permitted without the prior approval of the SSE. The Contractor shal exercisa all due care while diving the pls into bedrock to prevent the ples from being damaged or moving out of alignment. The approximate leval of tha bedrock shall bo accerained ‘om the results of the sub-sll investigation. Afar the frst pile has been driven and the approximate depth t9 bedrock eslabished, the Contractor ‘hall exercise proper contol ofthe hammer drop during crving ino rock formation for subsequent piles. Records of hammer drop and the ‘number of blows shall taken at smaller intervals of penetration when ‘he pile toe Is close fo the bedrock ove. Insitu Pile Extension ‘The Contactor shal select suitable pla segment length to minimise the numberof ple jonts and to avoid jlnting within te top 10 ties te ple diameter of tie cutoff level for piles subjected to lateral loads andior bending moments asi the caso of foundations for bridge structures All piles shall be extended in-situ, by but.welding the seal plates precast ‘on tne ple head and the extension plece, The pie extension shall be lsuly concenific and in alignmeat with the driven pie. On completion of welding, the weld shall be chipped to remove all slag and. cleaned thoroughly by wire brushing. Athi priming coat shall be applied to provide satisfactory bond between the steel and coating, A fll coat of filed bitumen or red oxide pain shall be applied i hwo layer, Where piles have to be lengthened by means other than the welding of steel plates, the reinforcement shall be. stipped of all surounding Conerate for a distance equal fo thity (30) moe fra diameter ofthe main reinforcement measured trom the pile head for spliced joints and SBOmmn, {or butt welded joins, and a ateralrelnforeement shall be removed. The lengthening bars shall but onto the exposed bars in tue alignment and shall be but welded as epectied or sab be spliced wih bars of the same diameter asthe main pile bat, sixty (60) damaters in length and tapping ‘the main bars fora distance of thy (30) dametere above and below the jeint, and shal be securely bound wit 1.8 mm soft annealed ion wire New binders of similar size shall be provided and spaced at haf the centres of tho binders inthe main body af the ple and shall be securely bound with 1.6 mm soft annealed iron wire and the ple extended by concreting In properly constructed maunds fo the length required “The coneroto shall be propery cured and allowed to harden sufi o develop the strength necessary before further diving to..3.92 yoa3.44 Repair of Damaged Pile Heads fa pile with a damaged pile head is to be subjected to futher driving, the concrete in the damaged pile head shal be cut off equare within sound concrete, and all loose particles shall be removed by wire brushing, folowed by washing with water. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the reinforcement in the ple head Is not in any way damaged, Any damaged reinforcement shall be made good. ‘The pile head shall be repiacad with concrete ofan approved grade, The new head ehal be cast in ine wih the remainder of the pie and shall be propery cured and slowed to harden to develop the sttongth necessary before furhier ‘rving. Ifa pile has besn driven to the required eet or depth but sound concrete pile is below the cut-off lave, the ple shal be made good to the cutoff level as described above Cutting and Proparation of Pile Heads ‘When a pile has been driven tothe roquired set or depth, the head ofthe pile shall be cutoff tothe loves shown on the Drawings, he length the of Teinforcing bars projecting above this level shall'be as shown on the Drawings. i the length of reinforcing bars lat projecting is Insuficant, then they shall be extended by one ofthe Talowing methods: (2) The extension bars shall button to the projecting bars in true alignment and shall be but-weided. (©) The projecing bars shall be stripped of all surounding concrete 35 necessary fo allow apices of longth sixty (60) dlamters of the. projecting reinforcement bar with extension bars. Tho ‘extension bars shall be securely bound tothe projecting bars with 4.8 mm soft annealed on wie, The concrete of tha pile shall be made good either Before or together with the casting ofthe lle 9. Care shall be taken to avoid cracking or otherwise damaging tho rest of me pile, Any cracked or defecive concrete shall be cut ‘auay ard made good with naw concrete propery bonded fo the ol Calibration of Hydraulic Jacking System Pressure gauges andlor load cals used forthe determination of jacking loads shall be capable of measuring direct toa one (1) tonne led. The apparatus shall be callorated by an approved laboratory immediatly before use and two copies of tho caraton curves shall be lodged wih the S.E_ bofore the commencement of pi inetallaion using the hydraullc Jacking system, CCaltration of pressure gauges /load calls shall aways maintain a vaiity Period of within six months. necessary, the contractor ehalre-cabrate ‘hem every six months. ¢ 4.3.15 Daily Pi Drrsmcoory econ 10 Installation Record ‘The Contractor shall submit to the S.E. on a dally basis, in duplicate, @ complete record of all piles installed on thal day. The record shall Include the folowing as applicable @) ©) ° @ cy ®) o) o 0 w o tm) ) ©) 0) @ 0 ©) © Oy ‘The serial No, and reference posiion ofthe ples “The type of hammer and weight of ram or details ofthe hydraulic Jacking system ‘The type, dimensions and Design Working Load ofthe plo “The date of casing and stressing, If appleable ‘The ground level before and immediately after pling ‘The numberof joints and the length of each pile segment ‘The total penetration length of the pile Details of sl eplicing or jointing operations including the depth of ‘the pile at tie timo of sping and the time taken fer spicing, ‘The ime and date of starting, stopping, delays, icing, ete ‘A continuous diving record of hammer drops and the number of blows per 200mm of penetration of alan interval approved by the engineer “The fina set for the last 10 blows and the final drop height of the hammer ‘The sum of elastic compression of pile and quake of subsoil for the last 10 blows ‘The type and condition of packing rors any n positon and incnation ofthe installed pile ‘The reduced level of the top of the lle immediately afer termination of diving or completion of ple inetatation, Details f re-diving or rejacking, any. The penetration under seltveight, 5 hammer tveight plus helmet and ‘The length of pile coated with bitumen sip layer, any The date and place of application of the bitumen slip layer. i appicabia ‘The thickness of bitumen coating, ny. ‘The typ of protective coating given tothe surface of the bitumen slip ayer, required ¢ ELECTHIFED DOUBLE TRACKING PROJET OHLFADANOESAR reeacoan snes 09110 toa 10.444 wosa2 (Y) The pressure gaugelload coll readings at each regular depth interval during ple jacking operation Testing of Piles Intogrty Testing Selected piles shall be tested for detection of major fats, necking, iscontinuty, pie enath and cross eactonel area ofthe ple. The inteany testing of piles shal be cared out by a specialist agency to be appoiniad by Contractor and approved by the SE. The results of the test shall be fully ecorded and interpreted for submission to SE. No pile caps shall be constucted on piles selected for ntogrty ‘esting untl the Contractor has, submited the infogiy test report. ‘The Contactor shall meke due allowance in ts programme of work for such integrity tests as provided in the Bill of Quantties Any day in carrying out an intgriy test, submission of report and any necessary fectfeaton ofthe pile shail not ealta the Contractor to any extension of time, ‘The Contractor shal provide th testing teem witha plan showing be pile layout and alist of the ples tobe tested withthe date of instalation, total penetration length, plus anyother relevant information, Shock Test Method (2) Proparation of Pie Head for Shock Test “The ple head shall be cleary exposed, ree from dabrie ete, and not more than 1.0 mete above or below ground level otherwise te surounding soi hall be buil up or excavated fo moet this contin. The pile head shall be ‘smooth over its compete cress-cactio, fee from regulates and shall be porpencieuar tothe verteal axis othe ple, ‘The pil head shall consist of sound concrete andlor grout. This shall be achieved during coneretinglgouting ofthe ple by fushing out all week mortar, tc. ffom the top ofthe ple head and carefuly sersaring off fo provide a smooth level surface, Allematively, if the pile head Is prepared after concreting/groutng, all weak mortar, broken conereteigrout, ete: shall be removed ftom the pile head, to expose sound material and the head left horizonial over is complete erese-secton. After cleaning the head to {ensure a sound bond, a very thin sereed (maximum 1 em) ef sandicement ‘mortar with rapid hardening alive or a compourd such as epoxy shal be spread fo provide a smooth werking surace forthe shock test equipment ‘The mortar shall be alowed to harden before testing, The soundness of he screed shall be tested by means of ight blows from a emsall hammer. ‘The ilo head shall be free from any stuctue, bulling concrete or conerstegrout spilags prior to testing. “Any rebforcament or olher Inclusions protruding from the pits head shall not prevent tho toting team from giving the pile the required impact fore aver tha ante ofthe ple ot C 104.43 placing of a 5 om diameter electronic pick-up st sbout 10 em from the Periphery ofthe pil (©) Shock Test Equipment ‘The shock which i fo be imparted on tothe pile hoad shall be card out using suitable size hand held hammer or any approved mathod which ‘capable of transmiting vraton to the base of the ple shaft. The ‘electronic pickups located on the ple head shall be approved elt ‘wansducers or accelerometer, PPreliinary tests shall be carted out to eetabsh the appropriate scalos and to check the lactone crcut (©) Records “The time required to cary out th integrity test shall be recorded along wih records of starting time and finishing time, The results of the tests shall be presented in report form by the SE. approved testing fim and shall be signed and endorsed by a Profesional Engineer. The report shall include comprehensive analysis of te tost results for each ple taking into consideration the sol conlon and any ‘other relevant factor. Intec sepors for each ple or group af piles tested In fone day shall be submited to the SE. wihin three’ (3) days of the ‘completion of the fd test or tests. A final comprehensive report shall be ‘submited tothe SE. wihin ten (10) days ofthe completion ofthe lst tet corte (8) Defective Pies ‘All defective ples shall be replaced in accordance with sub-clause 401.248 Integrity Testing of Bored Pile by Sonic Logging Method A selected numberof ples shall be tested by a Sonie Logging Method to check their integrity. The number and choice of ples tobe tested shall be Cocidod by the SE, ‘The Sonic Logging Method is 2 method of investigation using the lateral transmission of waves consisting of emission ofan ultra sonic vibraton in {an access tube filed with water and capturing this viraton et the same level in another tube within te pile shaft. This operation is repeated at a high frequency and ata level suflcienty close fo each ether in onder to {gst a continuous recording over the entra length ofthe pile shaft ‘The tubes for inegity tests by sonic legging shall have an intemal clameter of not ess than 50 mm with no inemal projections or couplings. ‘They can be of mld steal pipe or galvanised ion (Gl) pipe. Four (8) ‘os. of tubes are requiod for each selected ple of diameter lees than 41.3'm while se (6) nos. are required for each selected ple of clameter greater than 1.31, 40444 ‘The tubes shall be cleaned with a non-greasy product before use inorder {0 prevent oil fims from causng acherence problems between the tube and the concrete. This could cause a variaton that might be incorrectly Interpreted ae a signifcant defect inthe ple ‘The tubes shall be fixed to the vertical bars wth equal spacing on the Inside perimeter of the links, The tubes shall be wateright wilh the bottom ofthe tube sealed and suitably weighed to prevent floating. The Upper ends ofthe tubes must be closed and extended fo at leat S00 mm above the concrete surface to prevent debris or conerete from fling into tho tubo. Tha tubse shall be secured to the intemal face of the Teinforcement cage st equal. distance from each other on. the ccurterencs. In all cases, the tubes shall rest onthe founding level ofthe ple so that the ful length of the pile can be tested. The type of tubs and condltion of sealing shall be checked and approved by the S.E. before instalation, ‘The tube shall be filed with water to provide the necessary acoustic coupling, and then plugged or capped before. concreting. After Conducting the fests, all tubes shall be grauted andthe water in the tubes isplated, The grout shall be dense cement grout with an approved ‘expanding agent Load Testing of Piles (@) Scope ‘This sub-clause covers all works relating to the testing end prootoading of piles using the stale maintained load test (MILT) method and dynamic ple footing method using 2 Plo Driving Analyser (POA). The Contractor shall instal ll such piles at the proposed locations and Provide all Kentledge, siaging, equipment, supports, ete, and al labour to construct he staging, load and unoed the pl, all necessary technical staf! and all other facies requited fo cary out tie test. The Contractor eval provide the S.E. with al facites to check the pls load and measure the Setloments () General “The Contractor shal camry out testing on trial ples at the proposed locations and on any selecied works piles. ‘Al construction work within a twenty (20) metres redius of the ple urder ing shall be suspended the whie test load ie being applied, The Contractor shall afow in its programme for any delay that may arise in carrying out such testing on the preliminary and works piles and in complying with whatever requirements epectid herein, a LECTIND DOUBLE TRACKING PROJECT RILPADANOBESAR ersoscemmarnis.nent3e (©) Praliinary Pies Before the commencement ofthe works pile constuction, the Contractor shall bo directed fo install prefminary ples at proposed locations and in ‘accondance with te procedures set aut in this Section ofthe Specicaion, ‘The Contractor shal instal these piles as soon as practicable fo the depths at which the piles are assumed to develop the necessary ulate bearing capacty. The preiminary ples shall be the same a8 the speciied works piles, In the caso of borod pits, preliminary piles, if required, shall be instrumented, The instumentaton shall conslet of four (4) pais of teltales and four (4) pairs of strain gaugas to record setioments at four (4) deaths slong the ple shaft. The flies shall consist of tubes of iniemal diameter not less than 20mm with ne intemal projectons or couplings. Each toltale shall be constructed of mild steel pipe or galvanised iron pipe and plugged atthe batom end. shall be proved with a slighty smaller diameter stl rod within the tube and be well secured 10 tho plug at the bottom and extending out at the top end of sufficient length fo faiftate the measurement of setlement. Each pat of {eltales shal be instal truly paral fo tho axl ofthe pile and shall be terminated at 150 mm, one-quarter, haf and three-quarter of design pie length from the botiom of pl. Tltales terminating a each fvel shall be located at opposite ends of the ameter of the pile. (4)__Dynamic Pte Testing by Pile Driving Analyser (PDA) ‘The Contractor shall camy’ out Dynamic Pile Testing on selected preliminary piles and works piles, The Contractor shall engage en ‘|pproved independent specials fm that has extensive experiones and 3 proven track record in carrying ‘out dynamic ple testing and. the Interpretation of euch results. All esting or measurements shall be mad in the presenco of the SE. All Dynamo Plo Testing shall comply with ‘ASTM D4945:1996; Standard Testing Method for High-Stain Dynamic Testing of Pikes. For the piles tested, the SE. may select any records of the field measurements to be analysed using the computer programms “CAPWAP strose wave analels" or equivalent. The reste of the analysis shall include the ple static resistanes, which shall consist of the shat I and end bearing, ad settlement behaviour, and integty ofthe ple (e) Testing of Works Pies Dung the instalation of the works ples, the Contractor shall carry out ‘Sati oad tests on selected works piles, ‘The Contractor shall make due allowance in ts programme of work for ‘such testing as required inthe Bill of Quanttes, A ¢ [LECTRIED DOUBLE TRACK PROJECT HOM PADANOBESAR, rrsnicoueysise2ss0 40 ‘ange (f) Instruction for The lnstalaton of Works Plas ‘The Contractor shall not instal any works ples uni the test on preliminary piles have been completed and the adaquacy of the length of ple and termination erteria to ensure the pile porfornanoa has been established ‘and approved bythe S.E.. Insbuctons o install werk pes wil ba given no later than seven (7) days affer the complete resus of he pratminary ple tests have been submited t the SE. The S.E's approval, hawever, shall not in anyway releve the Contractor trom lis responebity for ensuring proper insalstion ofeach ofthe respacive types of ple and o ensure that ‘each pile moots the required lead eanying capacity. Loading of th test pls shal not commence unl he concrete has attained its specified 28 days strength. Excavation or pling in the vicinity of te tot pile shall be suspended forthe duration of te fest The Contractor shal {ake note of tis conditon, plan its works accordngly, and provide all necessary plant equipment and labour to complete tha work in te (@) Equipment for Maintained Load Test “The Contractor shall provide end bring fo the tet ste in dus time forthe {timely commencement of the preliminary pile test, all plant, equipment. staging, anchorage, kentiedge, jacks and measuring devices that are requlted to complet such tess, tn ll cases, The Contractor shall ensure that when the hytraul jock and oad measuring devices are mourted on tote pile head, the whole system willbe stable wit no uplift upto the maximum load la be applied “The hycraull jack, pumps, hoses, pipes, coupling and other apparatus to be operated under hydraulic pressure shall bo eapable of withstanding & pressure of 1% times the maximum pressure used in the lost without feaking (On completion of he pile testing, al temporary works shal be removed and temporary piles exraced or cu ff ata euitable level, 0) Kentiedge ‘The Contractor shall construct the foundation forthe kentledge and any crib-work, beams or oer supporing structure in such a manner that there il be no dferental seifements, bending or deflection of the equipment. The weight of the kenlledge shall be of a higher magnitude than the ‘maximum test load and ithe weight is estimated rom density and volume of the constituent materia, a minimum factor of safety of 1.2 against eror thal be alowed! In the event thatthe ple head is lower than the adjacent ground level, the Contractor shal ether lengthen the shaft or excavate the suounding ‘ver-burden in order to apply the Kertedge to the ple head diecty. The ‘cost of concreting the exra shat or excavation of surouncing overburden, shall be doomed tobe included in he cot of testing. The edge to edge distance of piles being tested to the nearest orb supporting the keriledge in contact with the ground shall not be les than ‘wo (2) metres, The eno shalleston sound levelled ground Calibration ‘The load measuring devices shall be capable of measuring diacty fo a ‘one (1) tonne load. ll esting apparatus shall be calbrated at an approved laboratory immediately before use and two copies ofthe calibration curves shal be lodged wih SE. before the commencement of sry pile tet. Load cells shall be used as primary load indicator and pressure gauge as secondary devieo. ) Dial Gauge or Linear Variable Diterentil Taneduoer (LVOT) ‘Settlement ofthe pile head shall be measured by the means of four (4) dal ‘gouges or LVDT capable of reading to 0.01 mm, In the case of instrumented preliminary bored pl, a futher eight (8) dal gauges or LVDT of the same accurecy shal be provided to meaeure the eatioment ofthe tellaies. These gauges or LVDT shal be fem attached frigid supports established at points clear ofthe area of influence of the test ple. tn no case shall he supports be less than two (2) meties or tree () times the ‘diameter ofthe test pl; whichever is larger, ftom the edge ofthe tat pl, CObseration of any mavement ofthe dal gauge or LVDT supports shall be made anda check shall be madi of the movement ofthe ple head, alate {oan external datum by the uss of a precision laveling netumant ding the progress of he test. &) Cutoff Level ‘The pile shal terminate at the cutoff level as shown on the Drawings. The pila shall be extended where necacsary above the cutoff level of the ‘Working ples 60 that gauges and ether appara fo be used in tha teat il nol be damaged Where the plo shafts extonded above the cut lvel of a working ple in ‘a sol, which would nfiuence the foas bearing capaciy of the ple, & sleeve ‘hall be installed and kept in place dung testing lo emulata fiction which would not arse Inthe working pie I he cutoff evel is below ground level, and the shaft isnot extended and there Isa risk ofthe borehole collapsing, a sieeve shal be lf in place or inserted above pile shaft or some other approved action shall be taken, ‘Adequate clearance shall be given between the top ofthe pile shaft andthe bottom of he sleeve to permit unrestricted movement of the pl. ()_Proparaton of The Pile Head For the test pie, the ple head or cap shall be fomed to lve a plane surface which nommal 10 the axis of the pile, sufiaenly large to ‘accommodate. the loading and setlement meastring equipment, and LECTED DOLE TRACKING MOFECT WOH FADANO BESAR Dreamcean) INLoEoen 29 news adequately winforced or protected to prevent damage from the appleation bf oad from the lading eauipment, ‘The ple cap shal be concent with he test pile, and the pint between the cp andthe pile shall have strong equivalent to that of he pl Sufficient clear space shall be made under any part of the cap projecting beyond the section of the ple so. thal, at the maximum expecled setlement, load isnot ransmied to the ground except traugh the pl, (=) Equipment for Apatyng Load The equipment used for appying load shall consist of one oF more hydraulic rams or jacks. Tho jack or jacks shall be arrangod and solup in conjunction with th reaction system to delve a uniform movement In all jacks and an axial lad to the test pile. The complete eystom ehall bs Capable of safely transferring the maximum load required forte test The total capaciy of he jacks shall be greater than the required maximum tet toad, “The ram stoke length shell be sufficient to calor for deflation of the reaction system under load plus a deflection ofthe pil head of up 10 15% ofthe pile shaft diameter, (0) Load Testing of Pretiirary les Loading of prtiminary pes shall pot commence unt at least fouten (14) {ays afer Installation and provided the concrete has aad the required sirength to cary the lest oad. The pile shall be testad by the mantalned toad test method fo atest load equal fo 25 times is working load, The pile shall be rested for @ minimum of twenty-four (24) hours after it has been Unloaded and then necessary, subjected to the "Consiant Ral of Penetration Test (©) Load Testing of Works Pilos Selected works piles shall be prooaded by the method of maintained Toad testo a maximum load equalto 2.0 times ls working load (©) Applicaton of Test Load “Test loads on preliminary piles shall be applied by Jacking against anchor piles, @ kenledge or a specially constructed anchorage. Where anchor piles or ground. anchorages are required fo provide the necassary Toad Feacton, trey shall be so designed that they wl resi the forces applied fo ‘tem ssiy and without excessive deformaton which could caus a safety hazard during the work. Anchor pies or ground anchorages shall be capable of proving a reacton, which wil maintain the specified maxima test load on the tect le ever the specie time period given in Tabla 10.2, “The minimum clear distance between the test pile and the anchor ple or round anchorages shat be tivee (3) ies tha diameter ofthe arger pile or two (2) metes, whichever is greater. Where ground anchorages are Used lo provide a test reaction for loading In comprossion, no section cf | LECTED DOUBLE TRACKING PRSECT HOHLFADANG EAR srramceaucyon.z. 0 {xed anchor length transfering load fo the ground shall be closer tothe test pe than three (3) times the damster ofthe test pe, ‘Test loads on works ples shall only be applied by jacking against kenlledge. Reaction piles aro permitted for Bored Pils | Mieropioe (for fastor seup) Advent works piles shall not be alowed to be used a reaction piles for carrying ou load test on any works pl, ‘The Contractor shall submit to the SE for approval the seting un details of ‘he load application system no later than’ one (1) week prior to the ‘commancament ofthe ple fad test. (@) Maintained Load Test ‘The test load on the plle shall be applied in equal increments upto the ‘required test load. Each inorement and decrement shall be canied out in stages as shown n Table 10.2. ‘Table 10.2 - LOADING CYCLES FOR PRELIMINARY PILES FF | iw 1 (min or hnger a insruted byte Eager A all ofall wn lg LECTIMED poURLE TRACED PROT OIL PADAOGHESAR rnaoresne-NINE ‘mea 1, 30 ° 3h 200 220 20 20 3a 70 0 10. 30 i 1 1 10 1. it ie 10 (ino ger nse by the Eager 10 30 ‘LOADING CYCLES FOR WORKING PILES “Time OfFilding Loud ites) 10 1 1 i 10 0 1, 107 10 ‘as reenter a ST (ohichever i 0 10, 107 107 30 107 107 107 o 10, 107 10. 10 10. 1 a [LECTRINED DOUBLETRACKING PROUECT HOHLPADANO SAR Dreanicont con 10 ‘news Dial gauge and check level readings shal be taken immadiataly before and after appicaton ofeach load increment. Thereafter, at interval of 2 4 8 415 and 30 minutes and subsequently at houty intervals, dal gauge readings shal be recorded. No increment of load shall be applied unt and unas the avorage fhe dal gauge readings does nt wary by more nan 0.25 mm an hour, For each led decrement, dal gauge readings shal be taken inthe same ‘manner 38 that for cad increments, The solamant readings shall be {aken continuously at hourly intervals for 24 hours after the complete oad | removed, (Constant Rate of Penetration Test ‘A Constant Rate of Penotraion (CRP) Test shall bo cared outon selected piles in acoardance with the procedure described in BS.8004; 1965 to a ‘maximum test load of two (2) times the working load of pile. Uniese ‘otherwise directed by the SLE. the rate of peneiation ehal bs maintained ‘constant at 0.7S.mm per minuie and a "pacing disc” or similar devies shall be used to assist in maintaining a constant rate of movement (8) Supenision ‘The Contractor shall provide an experienced supervisor who shall be ‘resentful me forthe duration of each pile test programme fo ensue that the loading sequence and metiod of taking setlement readings ate stiethy followed and thatthe te test load is maintained at al mes, Pe tests shall be carried eutonly in the presonce ofthe SE. (Plo Test Record (Within three (3) days of the competion of any pile load fst, the Contractor shall submit the S.E. two copies of the complate pile tst records that Include date, time, detals of kantodge, equipment. dial gauges used, loads {and the corresponding setteman, timo and any athe relevant information| together with graphs of load against settament,seltement against tine ‘nd load against time. ‘The time witin which the S.E. is required to issue instuctions for the installafon of works piles shall not commence Untl the requkements ofthis ‘sub-clause i salted LECTED DOUBLE TRACKING PROIECTIRON-PADANO EAR Drrseicequg.one.os9138 102 1024 1022 10224 (U) Standard forthe Acceptance of Test Pls ‘The performance ofthe tos ile shall be deemed to have ealisied the requremont of the Specficaion, i the satiomentdeecton of the ple head at varous stages of faadng inthe Mainiained Load Test comples wih the requirements given below or as specified the drawings: (Wen loaded to 1.0 Designed Working Load, the toa setement of ‘tho test ple head shall not exceed: 12.5mm for WL <85 tons (0r0.2mm per ton for WL > 65 fons, but not more than 25mm (®) When loaded to 2.0 times the Working Load, the setlemant ofthe lest pla head shall not exceed 10% ofthe ple ameter or width ()__Ater removal ofthe werking load, the residual setlement shall nt fexcaed 6 mm, (Ww) Nerporton of the ple shail have cracked, crumbled, cstorted trom its original shape or algnment,or detected fom its original poston and the Tike, ©) Restiving Test Pos For criven piles, in the event of a test pile faling to mest the fequiremants stated In sub-clause 10.1.4.4(u) for “Standard for Acceptance of Test Plo", it might be re-drven and revtesled # ‘approved by SE. PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PILES Description ‘This work compriees the manufacture and supply of precast reinforced conerate piles The general requirements for pling works shall be in accordance with Section 10.1 ofthis Specification, except in the event ofa conflet where the requirements, gven inthis Section shal take precedence, Manufacturing General ‘The design and construction of precast reinforced concrete piles shal comply with the televant requirements confained in BS.8004 1986, Unless otherwise spoctid, LSCTROFED DOUBLE TRACKING MRVECT CHL #ADANOBESAR brnsorccma.xmsens i030 10222 10223 10224 10225 10226 The Contractor may purchase the specified precast reinforced concrete piles from approved manufacturers that are certified under SIRIM's M.S.1314; Part or equivalent. Uniess otherwise specified, all concrate works in precast reinforced concrete piles shall generally be in accardance with those for main ‘members in BS.8110 or CP 116. Concrete Grade Unless othenvise speciod, ordinary Portland coment shall be used for the casting of precast reinforcad concrete pies. The characteristic strength ofthe concrate shall not be less than 48 Nim “Test cubes shall be used to determine the matutly ofthe concrete in ples ‘and shall be taken in accordance wih the Spectication for Concrete Works, ‘Size of Aggregates ‘The maximum size of coarse aggregste sed In the concrete shall not be greater than 20mm, Reinforcement Main reinforcing bars shal bo of rolled steel bars complying with BS. 4449 ‘and BS.448", or such other reinforcement as may be suitable, having regard to yild stress, duct, tense sttengin and other essential properties. “They shall be supptied in complete lengths, but shoud tis Prove impracticable, Contractor shall submit a. proposal to SE. the method on how to overcome this problem. No but-weld is allowed, casting Al piles shall be castin one continuous operation using approved form of ‘compaction. Upon curing and removal of mould, each pila shall be ‘marked wih its denbication number, length and dats of casting, curing “The piles shall be cured under moist colons for atleast seven (7) days, after stripping rem the moulds. If steam curing is used, the period can be reduced to three (8) days. When low prossure stoam curing is Used, the following requirements shall be complied with (The temperature ofthe curing chamber Is ralged uniformly as the steam is being nocuced. @ Steam curing shall only be carried out ater atleast two (2) hours have elapsed trom the time of mixing the conerete 40227 102.28 10229 103 1034 1032 (i) The maximum rate of increase in temperature in the curing ‘chamber shall be 20 degrees (20°C) per hour, (v) The maximum curing temperature shall nt be greater than 85°C, (On completion of curing, the temporstur in the curing chamber shall be lowered gradually to that prevaiing outside the chamber before tho piles could be taken out ‘Shapes and Dimensions ‘The shapes and dimensions of all ples shall be 26 shown on the Drawings. The tolerance of concrete works Tor piles shall generally ‘comply with the specification for exposed concrete Pile Straightness All piles shal be straight and shall not deviate from thelr stiaighiness in any directon by more than 1:500 offs length, when measured by jing the two ends ofthe pil by a staight Ine. Driving Diving of precast reinforced concrete piles shall not commence unti the conerste in the ples has reached the speciied 28-day unconfined compressive strenath BORED CASTAIN-PLACE CONCRETE PILES Description ‘The work covered by this section comprises the creation of a hole by boring or grabbing, with or without casing, and subsequent fling the hole with pain or reinforced concrete to form a bored castin place pl, in secordance with this Specification and 10 the detals shown on the Drawings. ‘The general requirements for ping works shall be in accordance with Section 10.1 of his Speciication except inthe event ofa conflict in which cate the requirements given inthis Section shall ake precedence, Shaft Diameter ‘The as-built lametor ofthe shaft shall not be less than tht shown onthe Drawings st any level throughout ifs length. Temporary easing used to contol tho shaft diameter shall have @ nominal inner diameter of twenty five (25) mm greater than the required chamater ofthe ple shaft 1033 1034 10344 10342 19343 Equipment “The Coniractor shall provide all plant, toole appliances and temporary works required forthe instalation of bored pes. Al pla, materale and ‘methods employed inthe formation of the piles shall be euch as fo ensure that the completed ples are ofthe desired eros section, Materials Concrete and Reinforcement “The concrete, reinforcement, and workmanship for bored cast-in-situ piles shall be in accordance with the Speciicaion for Concrete Works. The ‘grade of concrete andthe details of reinforcement to be Used shall be as ‘shown in the Drawings, Where ready-mined concreta is used, it shall be in accordance with BS,5328, Permanent Casings All permanent casings, if required as part ofthe designed pile, shal be as specied and shown on the Drawings, Drilling Fuld {All ciing fd shall be bentoite suspension and shall be of an approved quality ard shal compy with specticaton No. DF CPA published by the Oil Companies Materials Assoeiaton, London (Dring Fuld Materials Bentonite). The contactor shal cbtain a certiate from the manufacturer of bentonite powder, which shows the properties of each consignment of bentonite delivered to Site. Ful copies of this carileate shall be Torwarded tothe S Bentonite shall be mixed thoroughly with clean fesh water to make @ ‘suspension, which will maintain the stability ofthe pile excavation forthe period necessary to place concrete and complete the conetructon, Preparation of the suspension shall comply with the manufacturers instruction, ‘Where saline or chemically contaminated ground waler occurs, special precautions shel be taken to modty the Bentonite suspension or pre- hydrate the bentonite in fresh water fo ener It suitable in all respect for the constuction of ae, ‘The frequency of testing diling Mud and the method and procedure of ‘sampling shall be proposed by the Contracior forthe approval ofthe S.E, prior to the commencement of work, The testing frequency shall be ‘varied by he S.E. as required depending onthe consistency ofthe results obtained LSCTRIMED DOUBLE TRACKING PROJECT OH-EADANOBESA re setcomopnise.os001 10 103s 10354 Control tests shall be carried out on the bentorite suspension using sullable apparatus. The density of freshly mived bentonte suspension ‘hall be measured daly as a check on the quality ofthe suspension being formed, The measuring device shal be calibrated to read to within 0.008 ‘g/ml, The Contractor shal camy out tesla to dotormine the density, Viscosity, shear strength and cH value of the bentonite supplied nd the results shall generally be within the ranges stated in Table 10.3. The tests shall be caried out untl 2 consistent worklag pattern has been established, account being taken ofthe mixing provess, any blending of {reshiy mixed. bentonito suspension and previously used bentonite ‘suspension, and any process which may be used to remove impuriies from previously used bantonte suspension, When tha resuls show Consistent behaviour, the tests for shear strength and pH value may be isconiinved, and tests to determine density and viecosty shal be caried ut as agreed with the SE. In the event of a change in the established working patiom, tests for shear strength and pH value shall be reintroduced, Tablo 10.3 - Properties of Bentonite t Method Property to | Range of Resulte be Measured ‘at 20°C. Density Less than 1.10 g/mi_| Mud Density Balance Viscosity 30-908 | Mach Cone Nathod Less than200P_| Fann Viscomster* pH Value 5-12 A indicator oper trips or Etectical pH meter ‘Sand Content Less than 5% [Sand Content Kit Note: * Where the Fann viscometer is specied, the fd sample shall be screened by No. 52 siave (300 um) riot fo testing ‘If sand content is more than 5%, the contractor ehal catty ‘ut desanding to screen cut sand from diling fid before concreting, Boring Operations Diameter of Pile Bore ‘Tho diameter of the pile bore shall not be loss than the spect designed ameter at any level throughout is length 10352 10353 9354 Method of Boring, Al boring shall be caied down lo the spected depth. The bering shall be carried out by power augor. Where caving conditons are encountered or where excess water begins seeping into the borehole, no further dling shal take place untl the Contractor fakes all necessary precaution and selec an approved method of preventing the ground movements ot ingress of water or foreign material. Thereafter, tha Contractor shal place @ temporaly casing or advance the ailing by stabilising the borehole by the usa ofa drilling ls af appropriate properties. Where praccabla, the bottom of the casing shal bo kept sulfiiently far below the boreholo so as to prevent the iow of soll and water, and the formation of caviies in the surounding ground when the easing is withdrawn. “Where the casing cannot be advanced below the Bottom of the borehole, for example in compacied sand end gravel, t wil be necossary fo use other expedient, “The Contractor shal inform the S.E. of any unforeseen ground conditions encountered during boring, 9. soft pockets, bauldar, caviles, ol. and propose suitable measures fo overcome the problem, i any. Where hard Siratum Is encountered during bering, the Contactor shal advance the borehole by means of chseling or the use of pneumale tools oF rock coring buckets with tungsten carbide tp teeth or some other equivalent ‘approved moans. Temporary Casings Temporary casings of approved qualty shall bo used to maintain the stabilly of pla boreholes, which might otherwise colapse or for epanring through cavities, if encountered. The Contractor may propose alteratve methods forthe aporovalof the SE, ‘Al temporary casings shall be free from significant dlitorin. They shall be of uniform cross-section throughout each continuous length. During concreting, they shall bo free from intemal projections and encrusted concrete, which might prevent the proper formation of the piles being Use of Drling Flu for Stabling Pile Borehole Where ding Mud is used to stabse the borehole, the avel ofthe fd In the excavation shall be maintained so thet the fuid pressure always exceeds the pressures exerted by the sols and extemal ground water. An adequate temporary casing shall be used h conjunction wit this method {o ensure stablity of the stata near ground level untl the conerste has been placed. The fd lavel chal be maintained at a fovel not lees than ‘one (1) mate above the level ofthe external ground water, In the event of rapid loss of bentonite suspension from the pile ‘excavation, the excavation shall be backilled without delay, Before resuming excavation st that locaton, the approval of Se. shall be obtained LECTRIED DOUBLE TRACKING MRIECT WOILPADANG BESAR Drranecomgexise san s0 10355 pillage and Disposal of Bentonite All reasonable sleps shall be taken lo prevent the spillage of bentonite Suspension in areas. outside the. Immediate vieiniy of the borg, Discarded bentonite shall be removed from the Site without delay. All tlisposal of benionte shall comply with the regulations ofthe regulatory suo, 103.56 Boring Near Recently Cast Pies Pies shat! not be bored so ciose to recently cast ples, which contain tinset concrete, such that a flow of concrete could be induced frm of \damage caused to any adjacent ple, 10357 Pumping from Pile Bores Pumping from a borehole shall not be permitted unless: (2) a.casing has boon placed into @ stable stratum which prevent the flow of significant quantities of wator fram other stata Into the borehole and (©) ican be shown that pumping will not have detrimental effect on the surrounding sol, stuctures or property. 10258 Proof Coring In imestone areas or where directed by SE, the Contractor shal firm the soundness of the bedrock at ihe ple toe by coring using a clamond ‘ore dil to determine the rock quality designation and total coe recovery In accordance with BS.5830. Rock coring shall be cartied out toa deoth ‘of five (5) times the diameter of the plo fm the spectied pile oe level All drisholes shall be coment grouted on completion, The Contrectr shall ‘maintain a diamond core dif on ste for this pupote, 10359 Depthof Bored Pie Upon completion of a bored ple hol, the Contractor shall immestately submita log ofthe bore othe SE. Alter assessing the results, the SE. may instruct the Contractor to Proceed with the instalation of the bored pile or may Inetuct the Contractor to futher advance the depth ofthe boring unl further ding confirms that a sound founding level has been reached, 10.3540 Cleaning of Pile Bore (On completion of boring, al lease, disturbed material or remouled soil shall be removed from ti base ofthe plo and the hole shal be cleaned. LECTED DOUBLE TRACKING FROIECTHCKLEADAN BESAR reamice vin 10 1035.4 103542 1038.43 to3s.34 Inspection ‘The S.E. prior to the placement of concrete shall inspect each pile borehole. The Contractor shall provide all necessary apparatus and ‘equipment for inspection of ple boreholes and shall obtain the permission ofthe SE. bafore proceeding with concrete placement. For diy boreholes, the S.E. prior to the placement of concrete shall Inspect each hole.” The inspection shall be cared out fom the ground surface in the case where the borehole diameter is less than 750 mm, ‘Torches or other approved means of ighing, measuring topes and & ‘means of measuring vertically shall be provided by the contractor, Where the borahole diameter exceeds 750 mm, adequate equpment conforming to 85.5573 shall bo provided to enable the Contractor and ‘SE. to descend nto the borehole fr inspection purposes, For wet boreholes, Le. hols filed with ding fid or water, a sutable robe shal be provided to aecarain the evenness and cleanliness of the pile base. In the ovent thatthe soll characterises atthe Bottom of the borehole are significantly impaired due to ingress of wate, or tha base of the hole is filed with loose disturbed or remoulded sol or foreign rrateral 38a result ofthe Contractor's prolonged dalay in placing of concrete, the Contractor shall ciean the hole again or advance the hole further to a sraium of atleast the same sol characierisice ae befor, Disposal of Spoil ‘The Contractor shall remove ll spoll and cart it away for disposal off St, Placing of Reinforcement Steet reinforcement cage consisting of longiudinal bars and spiral Feinforcement cr lateral ies shall be securaly preassembled ‘ior to placement inthe borehole. The reinforcement cage shal be made to that there is no relative dleplacement of the reinforcement during. the constuction of the plle and shall be suffeienly strong enough to withstand. the impacts associated with concrete placament. The Feinforcement cage shal be euch that dose not impede concrete placement ‘Adequate spacer blocks end guide tubes shall be provided for the reinforcement cage to ensure a clear cover of at least 50mm to the reinforcement Continuity of Construction ‘A pile constructed ina stable cohesive soll without the use of temporary casing or other forms of support shall be bored and conereted without prolonged delay and in any case soon enough 0 a8 to ensure that the ‘el charactristos are not slgnicantly Impaired, [LECTRIMED DOUBLE TRACKMGFROIECT CHPADANGBESAR reaexcemaeniinos.iat se 1036 103.64 10362 103.83 10364 10365 Conereting General Concrete mix forthe bored ples shall be as indicated on the Drawings. ‘The method of placing and workablty ofthe concrete shall be such that = continuous monolithic concrete shaft of full crose section is formed. The conerate shall be placed witout such inforuption as would allow the previously placed batch to have hardened, ‘The method of placing shall bo approved by the SE. ‘The Coniractor shall take all precautions in the design of the mix and placing of the concrete to avoid arching ofthe concrete inthe casing, No ‘spoil, quid or other foreign matter shall be allowed to contaminate the ‘conerel, Workabilty of Conerote ‘The workability of the concrte shall be determined by the stump tes as, ‘described inthe Specticaton for Concrete Works, The concrete shall have a stump of 100 mm to 150 mm in dry shaft ‘without temporary casing and 10 mm to 200 mm for cancreta placed in ry shaft with temporary easing and 175 mm to. 225mm slump for concrete placed by treme under water or éiling Mud. ‘The slump shall be measured atthe time of placement into the borehole. The concrete shal be rejected the required slump is pat met Minimum Cement Content “The cement content in any mix shall be not lass than 300 kal’, Where cconerel is to be placed by tremio, under Water or dlling mud, the cement Content shall be not less than 380 kg/m’ and where the ple is exposed to ‘ea water, it shal nat be less than 400 kfm Tost Cubes “Test cubes shall be taken from each batch of concrete used in the ‘oneraing to determine end contro the strength of the cance inthe piles. Test cubes shall be faker in accordance with the Specicaion for Concrete Werks. The Contractor shall submit cerified caples of the test ‘cube results tothe SE, ‘Compaction Internal vistors shall not be used fo compact conerete, Roding shall be ‘done inthe top one (1) mets ofthe shalt LECTRIMED DOUBLE TRACKING PROVECT OHLEADANO EAR rraeucomopninens aio 103.65 10367 CConeroting in Dry Boring Approved measures shall be taken to avold segregation and bleeding of the conerota and to eneure that the cancrata atthe bottom ofthe pile Is not daficent In grout. The concrete shall bo placed by the usa of @ hopper witha length of pipe to ensure thatthe conerete fais cently to ‘the full depth without stiking the reinforcement steel or the sides ofthe pile excavation ‘Coneroting Under Water or Dring Fluid Concrete to be paced undor wator or diling fuid shall be placed by ttemie unless otherwise approved and shall not be discharged fealy into the water or driling Tui. Before the placement of concrete commences, an inspection ofthe bore shall be undertaken in accordance with ub-lause 10.38.11 to sneure that there is no accumulation of silt or other mstaial atthe base of the borehole. ‘The Contractor shall ensure that heavily contaminet bentonite suspension has not accumulated in the bottom of the hole, ‘which could impal the fre flow of conerete from the emie pipe ‘A sample ofthe bentonite suspension shall be taken from the base ofthe boring using an approved camping device, Concrate placement wil ot commence # the specie gravity of the suspension exceeds 1.25. necessary, the Contractor shall moslfy or replace the bentonts ee to meet the raqurements ofthe Spectication, During and after concreting, care shall be taken to avoid damage to the conerete from pumping and dewatering operations, ‘The hopper and tremie pipe shall be clean and watertight throughout. The treme pipe ehall extend tothe base ofthe borehole and a sliding plug or barter shall be placed in the pipe to prevent direct cantact batwoen the first charge of concrete in the treme and the watet or deling fu. The pipe shal at all times penetrate the concrete that hes previously been placed and shall not be withdrawn for the concrete untl the completion of concreting. A all times, a sufficent quantly of concrete shall be maintained within the pipe to ensure that the pressure ‘rom i exceeds ‘that from the water or ding Tid ‘The intemal diameter ofthe tem pipe shall be not less than 150 mm for concrete made wih 20 mm aggregate and not less than’ 200 mm for concrete made with 40 mm aggregate. The intemal face of the pipe of the tremie pipe shall be fee from projections. 1037 soars waza toaz.4 rraeicamigenii nant se ‘egw Extraction of Casing General ‘The extraction of temporary casings to pile shafs shall be carrad out in such 3 manner that no damage is sustained by the pile being castor by ‘adjacent piles or structures. A suffcent head of concrete hall be ‘maintained above the bottom of the lining at al imes to prevent the entry ‘of ground water ora reduction of the cross-section ofthe ple shaft ‘The casing extractor shall bo placed In postion before any conccet Is placed within tha casing so that extacion may commence as soon ae concrete is placed. Casing shall be extractod within two (2) hours of Placing concrete. Extraction of casing shall be done by a vertical ft tht is Continually plumb, and shall proceed in such a manner ¢0 as {0 alow Continuous observations ofthe interior slumping of the concrete. Workabitty of Concrete ‘Temporary casing shall be exttacod wile the concrete within the casing remains sufcently workable to ensure that the coneele isnot ited. Vibrating Extractor “The use of vibrating casing extractors: may be permitted subject to the condition that work shal be cartied out in euch manner and at such times ‘2 {0 minimise nulsance and disturbance fo adjacent structures or newly completed piles. Concrete Level When the casing Is extracted, a sufficient quantly of concrete shal bo ‘maintained within the casing, io ensure that the pressure from extemal ‘water, dling fluid or sol is exceeded and thatthe ple le nether reduced in section nor contaminated Concrete shall be placed contiiuously as the casing is extracted until the sized head of concrete le obtained, No concrete isto be placed inthe borehole ance the batiom ofthe casing has been ited above the top of the conerete without the approval ofthe SE. ‘Adequate precaution shall be taken in all cases where excess heads of \water or ciling uid could occur as the casing ie withdraw because of the displacement of water or uid or by tha concrete as it flows into its final postion against the wal ofthe pile shaft. Where double casings are sed in @ borehole, the proposed method of working shall be with the approval ofthe SE. - € 1038 10384 103.83 10384 103.9 eee The toliowing checks on the concrete level shall be followed afer concreting andior when the extraction of temporary casing, if ay, (The reduced level atthe top ofthe casing or existing ground and tho top of concreto shall be measured before. extraction (@) The recuced level atthe top of the concrote shall be measured after the casing is extracted (ii) The reduced level at the top of the concrete shall be checked at agreed intervals during and after extraction of the casing by sulteble means approved by the SE Construction of Pile Head Water Level In the event thatthe ground water lovel i higher than the specified pile cutoff level shown on the Drawings, tha Contactor shal submit ils Proposed construction methodology for the SE's approval prior to placement of concrete. The pis head shall not be left below the ground ‘water lovel unless 5. opproved precautions are taken, Proparation of Pile Heads ‘The top ofthe pile shall be brought above tho cut-off level ofthe pile to permit al islance and weak concrete fo be removed and fo eneure tat it an be properly Keyed into the pilecap. Al ple heads shall be constricted o the detais shown on the Drawings ‘Temporary Backling after Casting ‘Alter each pile has been cast, ary empty secon ofthe ple hole shal be protected carefully backillod as soon ae possible” wih approved mater, Tolerances ‘All bored ples shal be installed eo thatthe axe ofthe shaft atthe top of the pile is not more than 75 mm from its plan locaton. Piles thal be installed vericaly or to the speciied rake, The maximum permitted

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