Modeling of the Galactic diffuse

continuum -ray emission

Igor V. Moskalenko (Stanford U.)
with
A.Strong (MPE), S.Digel (SLAC), T.Porter (USCS), O.Reimer (SU)

GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT)

This is an animation that steps from 1.

EGRET (>100 MeV), to 2. LAT (>100 MeV),
to 3. LAT (>1 GeV)

SimulatedEGRET
LAT (>1 GeV,
(>100 MeV)
1 yr)

Seth Digel

Igor V. Moskalenko 2

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Diffuse Galactic Gamma-ray Emission

~80% of total Milky Way luminosity at HE !!!
Tracer of CR (p, e) interactions in the ISM (0,IC,bremss):
o
o
o
o

Study of CR species in distant locations (spectra & intensities)

CR acceleration (SNRs, pulsars etc.) and propagation
Emission from local clouds local CR spectra
CR variations, Solar modulation
May contain signatures of exotic physics (dark matter etc.)
Cosmology, SUSY, hints for accelerator experiments
Background for point sources (positions, low latitude sources)

Besides:
o Foreground in studies of the extragalactic diffuse emission
o Extragalactic diffuse emission (blazars ?) may contain signatures
of exotic physics (dark matter, BH evaporation etc.)

Calculation requires knowledge of CR (p,e) spectra in the entire Galaxy

Igor V. Moskalenko 3

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

CR Interactions in the Interstellar Medium

SNR RX J1713-3946

PSF

HESS
Preliminary

ISM

X,
+-

P diffusion
He energy losses
CNO
reacceleration
+
convection e etc. +-

rot ro
h
c
n
y
s

Chandra

IC

ISRF

s
brems

gas

0
GLAST

gas

_
P

- p
+

e-

LiBeB

He
CNO

Flux

42 sigma (2003+2004 data)

20 GeV/n

BESS
PAMELA

Igor V. Moskalenko 4

AMS

July 4, 2006

helio-modulation

ACE

CR species:
Only 1 location
modulation

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

A Model of CR Propagation in the Galaxy

Gas distribution (Leiden-Argentina-Bonn HI, CfA CO surv.)
Interstellar radiation field (87 stellar classes, gas, dust,
including heating and re-emission)
Source distribution (SNR, pulsars)
Nuclear & particle production cross sections (LANL, Webber)
Gamma-ray production: brems, IC, 0
Energy losses: ionization, Coulomb, brems, IC, synch
Solve transport equations for all CR species (~90!)
Fix propagation parameters

Igor V. Moskalenko 5

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Wherever you look, the GeV -ray excess is there !

EGRET data

4a-f
Igor V. Moskalenko 6

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Reacceleration Model vs. Plain Diffusion

Antiproton flux

B/C ratio

Plain Diffusion
(Dxx~-3 R0.6)

B/C ratio

Antiproton flux

Diffusive
Reacceleration

Igor V. Moskalenko 7

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

More excesses: Positron Excess ?

HEAT (Beatty et al. 2004)

e+/e

e+/e
E > 6 GeV

GALPROP

HEAT 2000
HEAT 1994-95

10

E, GeV

HEAT combined

10

GALPROP

E, GeV

Q: Are all the excesses connected?

A: Yes and No

Systematic errors of different detectors

Same progenitor (CR p or DM) for pbars, e+s, s or a local positron source?
Igor V. Moskalenko 8

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

GeV excess: Optimized/Reaccleration

model
Uses all sky and antiprotons & gammas
to fix the nucleon and electron spectra

Uses antiprotons to fix

the intensity of CR nucleons @ HE

Uses gammas to adjust

Uses EGRET data up to 100 GeV

antiprotons

the nucleon spectrum at LE

the intensity of the CR electrons
(uses also synchrotron index)

electrons

Ek, GeV

protons

x4

x1.8
Ek, GeV
Igor V. Moskalenko 9

Ek, GeV
July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Secondary e are seen in -rays !

In the heliosphere: e+/e~0.2
In the Galaxy: e+/e~1 <1 GeV

electrons

sec.
IC
positrons

brems

Improves an agreement in
MeV range
Igor V. Moskalenko 10

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Distribution of CR Sources & Gradient in the CO/H2

Pulsar distribution
Lorimer 2004

CR distribution from diffuse gammas

(Strong & Mattox 1996)
SNR distribution (Case &
Bhattacharya 1998)

sun
XCO=N(H2)/WCO:
Histo This work, Strong et al.04
-----Sodroski et al.95,97
1.9x1020 -Strong & Mattox96

~Z-1
Boselli et al.02
~Z-2.5 -Israel97,00, [O/H]=0.04,0.07 dex/kpc
Igor V. Moskalenko 11

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Latitude

Gas Rings: HI (Our Neighborhood)

Seth Digel05

Longitude
Igor V. Moskalenko 12

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Interstellar radiation field

R= 0 kpc
4 kpc
8 kpc
12 kpc
16 kpc

Local ISRF
stars
IR

CMB

scattered

The ISRF plays an important role:

Generation of Galactic diffuse -ray emission (IC)
IC energy losses of electrons and positrons
It is very intense in the Galactic center
Attenuation of TeV -ray sources (see Poster 18C !)
Igor V. Moskalenko 13

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Anisotropic Inverse Compton Scattering

Electrons in the halo see anisotropic radiation
Observer sees mostly head-on collisions
Energy density

e-

R=4 kpc

small boost &

less collisions

head-on:
large boost &
more collisions

Z, kpc

Important @
high latitudes !

Igor V. Moskalenko 14

e-

sun
July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Effect of anisotropic ICS

Ratio anisoIC/isoIC

pole

anti-GC
GC
The anisotropic IC scattering
plays important role in
modeling the Galactic diffuse
emission
Affects estimates of
isotropic extragalactic
background
Igor V. Moskalenko 15

July 4, 2006

Intermediate latitudes

Galactic latitude, degrees

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Latitude profile of the outer Galaxy

anisotropic IC

Total

EG
isoIC
bremsstrahlung

Agreement with
data impossible
without aniso IC

Latitude

Igor V. Moskalenko 16

The aniso IC is
maximal (x2) in the
outer Galaxy around
b=20 -30

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Diffuse emission from the inner Galaxy

Extragalactic

INTEGRAL
(Strong05)

G+EG COMPTEL
G COMPTEL

ASCA
HEAO A2
HEAO A4

G+EG EGRET

EGRET

COMPTEL

(Strong99)

G+EG

isoIC

Positronium
+ sources??
ic
ct
a
al
lG
EG COMPTEL
a
t
(Weidenspointner00)
To

EG EGRET
(Strong04)

anisoIC

The optimized model

describes the spectrum of the
diffuse emission from MeV to
TeV energies
Predictions down to keVs
(note, INTEGRAL data include
positronium continnum)
MeV region appears to be
transitional between Galactic
and EG emission dominance

Igor V. Moskalenko 17

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Conclusions
We are building a model of the diffuse emission
preparing for the GLAST mission
The diffuse emission model becomes more realistic
now with more prediction capability outside the MeVGeV region
MeV region is transitional (Galactic vs. extragalactic
dominance)
On the other hand, GLAST will resolve 1000s of
unresolved sources putting stricter constraints on the
diffuse emission model
Prepare to see unexpected !
This will have an impact on CR studies, derivation and
interpretation of the extragalactic background, and
will possibly affect the dark matter studies
Igor V. Moskalenko 18

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow

Diffuse emission from the outer Galaxy

anisotropic IC

isoIC
bremss

Igor V. Moskalenko 19

July 4, 2006

6th INTEGRAL Workshop/Moscow