SOLUTION

KOLEJ KEJURUTERAAN
SEMESTER I
TAHUN AKADEMIK 2008/2009
PROGRAM
PROGRAM

: Bachelor of Science in Elect. & Com. Engineering

MATAPELAJARAN
SUBJECT

: Digital Signal Processing

KOD MATAPELAJARAN
SUBJECT CODE

: EEEB363

TARIKH
DATE

: .., 2008

MASA
TIME

: 3 Hours

Instructions to candidates:

1.This is a closed book, closed notes exam. You are provided with some
information you may need.
2.Answer ALL Questions and justify all your answer for full credit.

DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO

KERTAS SOALAN INI MENGANDUNGI 5 MUKA SURAT BERCETAK TERMASUK MUKA
SURAT INI.
THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 5 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS PAGE.

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Question1:
(a) Develop the relation between y[n] and x[n] for the block diagram shown in figure 1.

Figure 1.
U[n]

0.6

W[n]

z 1

0.8
+

z 1

0.3
+

W{n-1}

x[n]

z 1

0.5

Y[n+1]

y[n]

0.4
0.2

W[n-2]

Figure 1.
x[n]

W[n]

U[n]

0.6
+

z 1
0.8
+

z 1

0.5

z 1

0.3

W{n-1}

Y[n+1]

0.4

y[n]

0.2
W[n-2]

2 Marks

________________________________________________________________________
Page 2 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Figure 1.
0.6

x[n]

s[n]
+

z 1

z 1

x[n 2]

z 1

z 1

0.2

Y[n+1]

0.8

0.3

x[n 1]

U[n]

0.4

y[n]

0.5

2 Marks

s[n] 0.6 x[n] 0.3x[n 1] 0.2 x[n 2],

u[n] s[n] 0.8u[n 1] 0.5u[n 2],
y[n 1] u[n] 0.4 y[n].
u[n] y[n 1] 0.4 y[n].

1 mark

Substituting u[n] into second equation : y[n 1] - 0.4y[n] s[n]- 0.8y[n] 0.32y[n - 1] - 0.5y[n - 1] 0.2y[n - 2]
y[n 1] s[n]- 0.4y[n]- 0.18y[n - 1] 0.2y[n - 2].

1 mark

From first equation : y[n 1] 0.6x[n] 0.3x[n - 1] 0.2x[n - 2] - 0.4y[n]- 0.18y[n - 1] 0.2y[n - 2].
y[n 1] 0.4y[n] 0.18y[n - 1] - 0.2y[n - 2] 0.6x[n] 0.3x[n - 1] 0.2x[n - 2]. 1 mark
let n n - 1,
y[n] 0.4y[n - 1] 0.18y[n - 2] - 0.2y[n - 3] 0.6x[n - 1] 0.3x[n - 2] 0.2x[n - 3]. 1 mark
________________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

(b) Determine the transfer function H(z) of the above system shown in figure 1.
Answer:y ( z ) 0.4 y ( z ) z 1 0.18 y ( z ) z 2 0.2 y ( z ) z 3 0.6 x( z ) z 1 0.3 x( z ) z 2 0.2 x( z ) z 3 .
2 marks
y( z)
0.6 z 1 0.3 z 2 0.2 z 3 .

2 marks
x( z ) 1 0.4 z 1 0.18 z 2 0.2 z 3
(c) What is the frequency response of the above system shown in figure 1.
Answer: H ( z)

.
H ( e j )

0.6e j 0.3e 2 j 0.2e 3 j .

1 0.4e j 0.18 e 2 j 0.2e 3 j

3 marks.

[ 15 Marks ]

________________________________________________________________________
Page 4 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Question 2:

Consider the system in Figure 2.

FIR LTI DTS

x[n]

y[n]
h[n] n [n]. | | 1.

Figure 2

(a) Determine the frequency response of the system shown in figure 2.

Answer:-

h[n] a n u[n], 0 a 1
H (e j )

n 0

a n u[n]e j n (ae j ) n

1
1 ae j

5 marks.

(b) Determine the DTFT of the input x[n] [n] [n 3] .

Answer:-

x[n] [n] [n 1] [n 2]
X (e j ) 1 e j e 2 j

5 marks.

(c) Determine the output y[n] for this input x[n] [n] [n 3] .
Answer:-

Y (e j ) X (e j ).H (e j )

1 e j e 2 j
1 ae j

DTFT

1
1 ae j
y[n] a n u[n] a n 1u[n 1] a n 2 u[n 2]....Using time delay property of DTFT at same time.
5 marks.
[ 15 Marks ]
but a n u[n]

________________________________________________________________________
Page 5 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Question 3:

(a) Compute the DFT of two real sequences g[n]={1 2 0 1}& h[n]={2 2 1 1}, each of
length 4 from the DFT of a complex sequence of length 4.
ANSWER:-

Compute the DFT of two real sequenceseach of length - 4

from DFT of a complex sequenceof length - 4. : g[n] { 1 2 0 1};
h[n] { 2 2 1 1};
Step 1 : Define a complex sequenceof length - 4 : x[n] g[n] jh[n];
x[n] {1 2j 2 2j 0 j 1 j}; 2 marks.
Step 2 : Find the DFT of x[n]: 3

X [k ] x[n]W4 , 0 k 3.
kn

n 0

X D N x.
X [0]

W400 W401 W402 W403

x[0]

X [1]

W410 W411 W412 W413

x[1]

W420 W421 W422 W423

x[2]

X [2]
X [3]

30
4

31
4

32
4

W W W

33
4

x[3]

X [0]
X [1]

1
1

1
-j

1
-1

1
j

1 2j
2 2j

X [2]

-1

-1

X [3]

-1

-j

1 j

2 marks
4 6j
2

-2
2j

2 marks

{ X [k ]} {4 6 j 2 - 2 2j}.
{ X * [k ]} {4 6 j 2 - 2 - 2j}. 1 mark
{ X * [k 4 ]} { X * [ 4 k 4 ]} {4 6 j - 2j - 2 2}. 1 mark
1
G[k ] { X [k ] X * [k 4 ]} {4 1 j
2
1
H [k ] { X [k ] X * [k 4 ]} {6 1 - j
2j

-2

1 j}; 1 mark

- 1 j}; 1 mark

[10 Marks]

________________________________________________________________________
Page 6 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

(b) Use DIT-FFT to compute the DFT of the sequence x[n]={1 2 0 1 2 2 1 1}.
[10 Marks]
ANSWER:-

Final Flow Graph of DIT FFT Modified Butterfly.

X 00 [0] 3

X 0 [0] 4

X 00 [1] 1

X 0 [1] 1 j

X 01[0] 1

X 0 [2] 2

x[0]=1
x[4]=2
WN0 1
x[2]=0
x[6]=1
WN0 1

WN2 e j / 2 j

x[7]=1
WN0 1

Stage m= 0
r=0

X[4]
1

X 1[1] 0N

X[5]

WN1 e j / 4 0.707 j 0.707

X 11[0] 2

X 1[2] 2

X[6]

1 WN2 e j / 2 j

WN0 1
1

X[3]

X 0 [3] 1 j

W 0 1

X 10 [1] 0
1

X[2]

X 1[0] 6

X 10 [0] 4

x[1]=2
x[5]=2
WN0 1
x[3]=1

X 01[1] 1

X[1]

WN0 1

X[0]

X 11[1] 0

WN2 e j 2 2 / 8 e j / 2

13
j 3 / 4
XW1N[3 ]e 0 (0.707 j 0.707 )
j

X[7]
1

Stage m=2
r=0,1,2,3

Stage m= 1
r=0,2

5 marks.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Diagram for determining

W Nr 8

+j

-0.707+j0.707
0.707+j0.707

r=0
1

-1
r=1
-0.707-j0.707

0.707-j0.707
r=2
-j

________________________________________________________________________
Page 7 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

X 00 [0] 1 2 3; X 00 [1] 1 2 1; X 01[0] 0 1 1; X 01[1] 0 1 1;

X 10 [0] 2 2 4; X 10 [1] 2 2 0; X 11[0] 1 1 2; X 11[1] 1 1 0;
X 0 [0] 3 1 4; X 0 [1] 1 (1)(e j / 2 ) 1 j; X 0 [2] 3 1 2;
X 0 [3] 1 (1)(e j / 2 )(1) 1 j;
X 1[0] 4 2 6; X 1[1] 0 (0)(e j / 2 ) 0; X 1[2] 4 2 2;

X 1[3] 0 (0)(e j / 2 )(1) 0;

X [0] 4 6 10; X [1] {1 j 0 1 j; X [2] 2 2 j;
X (3) 1 j 0(e j 3 / 4 ); X [4] 4 6(1) 2;
X [5] {1 j} 0(e j / 4 )(1) 1 j; X [6] 2 2(e j / 2 )(1) 2 2 j;
X (7) {1 j} 0(e j 3 / 4 )(1) 1 j;

5 marks.

Question 4:

(a) Determine all possible impulse responses h[n] associated with the z-transform

H ( z)

3z
z 0.3z 0.18
2

And specify the ROC, stability and causality of each one.

________________________________________________________________________
Page 8 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Answer:-

3z
3z
3 z 1

z 2 0.3 z 0.18 ( z 0.6)( z 0.3) (1 0.6 z 1 )(1 0.3 z 1 )

10 / 3
10 / 3

. 1 mark
1
1 0.6 z
1 0.3 z 1
ROC1 : | z | 0.3
ROC2 : 0.3 | z | 0.6
ROC3 : | z | 0.6
10
For ROC1 h[n] is left sided sequence ((0.6) n (0.3) n ) [n 1].
3
i.e unstable since unit circle is not in ROC1 but is non - causalsince left hand function. 3 marks
10
10
For ROC2 h[n] is two sided sequence (0.6) n [n 1] (0.3) n [n].
3
3
i.e unstable since unit circle is not in ROC2 but is non - causalsince twosided function. 3 marks.
10
For ROC3 h[n] is right sided sequence ((0.6) n (0.3) n ) [n].
3
i.e stable since unit circle is in ROC3 but is causalsince right hand function. 3 marks.
H ( z)

________________________________________________________________________
Page 9 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

(b) A

transmission

H ( z)

Final Sem 1 08/09

channel

is

defined

by

causal

transfer

function

(3 z 2.1)( z 2 2.5 z 5)
. In order to correct for the magnitude distortion
( z 0.65 )( z 0.48 )

introduced by the channel, we need to connect a causal stable digital filter G(z) at the
receiving end. Determine G(z).

Answer:In order tocorrect the magnitude distortion | G(z) | . | H(z) | 1. 2marks

i.e one possible solution G(z)

( z 0.65)( z 0.48)
1

H(z) (3z 2.1)( z 2 2.5 z 5)

2marks

since the root of (z 2 2.5 z 5) is outside the unit circle, G(z) is unstable. 2marks
To make it stable we multiply with allpass function
G(z)

( z 0.65)( z 0.48)
(3 z 2.1)(5 z 2 2.5 z 1)

z 2 2.5 z 5
, resulting in 2marks
5 z 2 2.5 z 1

2marks.

[ 20 Marks ]

________________________________________________________________________
Page 10 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Question 5:
Realize the IIR filter with transfer function

H z

z 0.44 0.362z
1 0.4z 1 0.8z
1

0.02 z 2
1
0.5 z 2

in the following forms:

(a) Direct canonic form
Answer:-

H z

0.44z

0.362z 2 0.02z 3
0.44z 1 0.362z 2 0.02z 3

1 mark
1 0.8z 1 0.5z 2 0.4 z 1 0.32z 2 0.2 z 3
(1 0.4 z 1 0.18z 2 0.2 z 3 )

Direct canonic form.

x[n]
+

0.4

z 1

0.44
+

0.18

y[n]

z 1
0.362

0.2

z 1

0.02

4 marks

________________________________________________________________________
Page 11 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

(b) Cascade canonic form.

Answer:-

0.44 0.362z 0.02z .

(z )
H z
1 0.4z
1 0.8z 0.5z
1

1 mark

One possible cascade canonic form.

x[n]

0.44
+

z 1
0.4

0.8

0.362
+

y[n]

z 1
0.02

z 1

0.5

z 1
4 marks.

[ 10 Marks ]
________________________________________________________________________
Page 12 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Question 6:
Design the following highpass IIR digital filter with Butterworth characteristics and
meeting the following specifications:
Passband Edge =700 Hz
Stopband Edge =500 Hz
Passband ripple =1dB
Minimum stopband attenuation =40 dB. *( Changed from 32 to 40dB)*
Sampling frequency =2 kHz.
ANSWER:-

Design of a Highpass IIR Digital Filter

Design Step 1.
Normalization of critical bandedge frequencies : 2Fp 2 (700)
p

0.7
FT
2000

2Fs 2 (500)

0.5
FT
2000

2 marks

________________________________________________________________________
Page 13 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Design of a Highpass IIR Digital Filter

Design Step 2.
Prewarp the digital bandedge frequencies : -

0.7
) 1.9626105,
2
2
^

0.5
s tan( s ) tan(
) 1. 2 marks.
2
2
^

p tan(

) tan(

Design of a Highpass IIR Digital Filter

Design Step 3
Convertion of frequency specification of analog highpass filter to
appropriate specification of prototypeanalog lowpass filter : (Referring to frequency transformation tableof formula.)
^

p p
^

s
On the imaginary axis and using p 1 : ^

p p
^

1.9626105
1.9626105
;

1.9626105.
s
^
^

s
2 marks.

________________________________________________________________________
Page 14 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Design of a Highpass IIR Digital Filter

Design Step 4.
Design of prototypeanalog lowpass filter.
Specification of the prototypeanalog lowpass filter is : passband edge frequency p 1
stopband edge frequency s 1.9626105
passband ripple 1dB.
minimum stopband attenuation 40dB.
Use these information to get N the order of the filter
and c the 3dB cutoff frequency.
This will result in the prototype transferfunction H lp (s).

Determining order of filter and

cutoff frequency.
From Magnitude - squared responseof N - th
order analog lowpass Butterworth filter : | H a ( j p ) | 2

1
1

.....Eqn.6.1
1 ( p / c ) 2 N 1 2

| H a ( j s ) | 2

1
1
2 ..........Eqn. 6.2
2N
1 ( s / c )
A

From these two equations we can solve for N and c .

1 log 10 [( A2 1) / 2 ] log 10 (1 / k1 )
N .

......Eqn.6.3
2 log 10 ( s / p )
log 10 (1 / k )
2 marks.

________________________________________________________________________
Page 15 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

From eqn. 6.1: - 10log10 | H a ( j p ) |2 1 dB.

1
i.e. 10log10 (
) 1, 2 0.25895
2
1
From eqn. 6.2 : - 10log10 | H a ( j s ) |2 40 dB.
i.e. 10log10 (
1

k1

1
) 40, A2 10,000.
2
A

A2 1

196.51334

1 s 1.9626105

k p
1

From eqn. 6.3 : - N

log 10 (1 / k1 ) log 10 (196.51334) 2.293392

log 10 (1 / k ) log 10 (1.9626105) 0.292834

7.831713, Roundup N 8.

1 mark.

Determining the 3dB Cutoff

Frequency.
From Eqn. 6.1: - | H a ( j p ) |2

1
1

,
2N
1 ( p / c )
1 2

and substituting p 1, N 8, 2 0.25895 into above eqn.

1
1

16
1 (1 / c )
1 0.25895
(1 / c )16 0.25895.

2 marks

16 log 10 (1 / c ) log 10 (0.25895),

log 10 (1 / c )

log 10 (0.25895)
-0.036674
16

1 / c 10-0.036674
c 1 / 10-0.036674 1*100.036674 2.326698 Rad/sec. 1 mark

________________________________________________________________________
Page 16 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Determining the Transfer Function of Filter( i.e.poles.).

Should be 16 poles, 8 each on left and right s-plane.

H(s)

16

H(-s)

16

16

p1

________________________________________________________________________
Page 17 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Poles are pl c e j[ ( N 2l 1) / 2 N ] , 1 l N
c 2.326698, N 8.
p1 2.326698e j[ (81) /16] 2.326698e j[ 9 /16]
p2 2.326698e j[ (83) /16] 2.326698e j[ 11/16]
p3 2.326698e j[ (85) /16] 2.326698e j[ 13 /16]
p4 2.326698e j[ (8 7 ) /16] 2.326698e j[ 15 /16]
p5 2.326698e j[ (89) /16] 2.326698e j[ 17 /16]
p6 2.326698e j[ (811) /16] 2.326698e j[ 19 /16]
p7 2.326698e j[ (813) /16] 2.326698e j[ 21/16]
p8 2.326698e j[ (815) /16] 2.326698e j[ 23 /16]
but H a ( s )

Nc
N

( s pl )
l 1

(2.326698)8
H a (s)
( s p1 )(s p2 )(s p3 )(s p4 )(s p5 )(s p6 )(s p7 )(s p8 )

(2.326698) 4

4 ma
( s 2.326698e j[ 9 /16] )(s 2.326698e j[ 11/16] )(s 2.326698e j[ 13 /16] )............

________________________________________________________________________
Page 18 of 19

EEEB363 Digital Signal Processing

Final Sem 1 08/09

Design of a Highpass IIR Digital Filter

Design Step 5.
Apply thelowpass - to - highpass transformation toH (s)
lp
^

using the frequency transformation table of formulae to get H hp ( s ).

^

H hp ( s ) H (s) by substituti ng s
lp

p p
^

2 marks.

Design Step 6.
^

Having obtain H hp ( s ) change back the variable s to s

for theanalog highpass filter H hp ( s ) ,
finally apply the bilinear t ransformation to get at
H hp ( z ) H hp ( s ) |

1 z 1
1 z

2 marks.

[20 Marks]

________________________________________________________________________
Page 19 of 19