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2 DriveTest Analysis Ver1 PDF
2 DriveTest Analysis Ver1 PDF
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able to:
Understand the common procedure
Of drive test data analysis
Identify the basic problems and cause
of the problems
Propose the solutions to solve the
network problems
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Check if the Drive test KPIs meet the requirement. If not, identify the problematic log
files. Capture the figure and events (e.g. locations, time, identify problematic cells)
2.
Check the RxLevel and RxQual distribution, check if they are related to the points
that miss the KPI requirement?
3.
(If new site or cluster) Check the distribution of each BCCH (CGI), pay attention to
the crossed feeder.
4.
Analyze the points that miss the KPIs point by point. (To make the analysis more
comprehensive , get more information from engineering parameters, BSC data
configuration, traffic statistic and BTS alarms)
5.
Identify the possible causes of each problem points ,discuss with customers
4.
Propose solutions and get approval from customers before execute the change
request
4.
Re- Drive Test to verify the problem after implemented the solutions
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Coverage
Downlink RxLevel
Coverage of single cell
Coverage of whole network
Coverage
Network Coverage is evaluated by:
RxLev = EIRP(dBm) L(dB)
Where:
EIRP = Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
L = Propagation Losses
EIRP(dBm)
L(dB)
RxLev(dBm)
Unexpected coverage
(overshooting)
Good coverage
In urban area, Lower Antenna Height (<=25m), Greater downtilt (>=6 degree),
and Lower EIRP (<=41 dBm) are used to control overshooting & interference.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Page 7
Coverage(one cell)
The following example shows the
RxLevel
Variation
s due to
Rayleigh
fading
Global
means
Downtilt: 8 drgree
Variation
due to
shadowing
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Coverage(Network)
The picture shows the coverage of a city, which contains good and bad
coverage areas.
The distribution of downlink RxLev concentrates from -80 to -95 dBm.
Good Coverage
Bad Coverage
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Coverage Issues
Coverage hole
Sudden Decrease on Signal Level
Line of Sight Lost
Lack of Dominant Server
Coverage Overlapping
Overshooting
Coverage Hole
Legend
RxLevel
Poor Coverage
Areas
Bad
RxQuality
RxQuality
Call
Drop
Neighbors) decrease in a
short time.
Check if there is big change
Pong Handovers
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RxQuality goes
worse when the
level drops down
fast
because the MS is
located on the cell
borders and there is no
any best server to keep
the call.
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Coverage Overlapping
Signal Level of 34
overlapping cells.
problems because of
frequency reuse and
frequent HO
Immediate action to
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Overshooting
MS is covered by the
Serving
cell
Other cell B
BSIC 1
Freq. A
BTS
TCH (handover)
The call might be
Coverage spot
(island effect)
Neighbour cell A
BSIC 1
Freq. A
dropped because it
cannot make the
handover or bad quality
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Page 16
Proposal
Remark
How to do
Page 18
Proposal
Antenna
Parameter
Height
Type
Azimuth
Downtilt
Remark
Difficult, high cost
Difficult, high cost
Easy to operate
Easy to operate
How to do
Using prediction tool(U-net) to identify the
recommmended height, type, azimuth or
downtilt of sector.
Referring to Data Configuration Reference
Help
Page 19
Cross Feeder
What is crossed feeder issue (1)
The term crossed feeder is used to describe the problem that
arises when the feeders for two or more sectors in a site are
inadvertently connected incorrectly. For Example, consider a new
cell site that has three sectors, A, B, and C:
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Normal Situation
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It is not easy to detect this fault by DT, because the BCCH frequencies will
appear exactly as they were designed. However, the statistics for the cell
would help us to detect the fault:
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The symptom is similar with the fault crossed transmit feeder, and we can
detect the fault by DT easily .
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Good
RxQua
lity
Bad
RxQua
lity
RxQual is divided into eight levels which are from 0 to 7, the level 0 is the
best and the level 7 is the worst.
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Bad RxLev
Bad RxQual
Fine FER
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Site
Reflecting object
MS
Time dispersion is caused by the reflections. The MS uses all or most of the
received power, instead of only the direct signal, there is a larger probability to
decode the information. So the RxQual will be very bad perhaps.
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Solution
Find out the interference source
(e.g. frequency planning) or /and
Bad
OK
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Solution
Interference
Dispersion
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Interference Issue
Hardware Problem
TRX Problem
Feeder & Arrester Problem
Intra-Interference
Other Equipment
C/I Problem
C/I Definition
Improve Coverage
Decrease Interference
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Solution
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Solution
Page 48
Solution
Improve coverage by adjusting
antenna azimuth and downtilt or
add new sites
Page 49
Handover Issues
What is
Handover procedure in network?
Handover Um signaling flow?
Purpose of Handover Analysis in DT?
Handover Procedure
Uplink MR (Measured by BTS)
RXLEV Uplink
RXQUAL Uplink
TA
Current BTS TX power
Neighbor Cell_1
NeighborCell
Cell2
Serving
MS in dedicated mode
will continuously perform
measurements on serving
and neighbor cells.
NeighborCell
Serving
Cell2
Measurement Reports
are sent to BSC and used
in the handover algorithm.
Downlink MR (Measured by MS)
Downlink RXLEV(Sever)
Downlink RXQUAL(Sever)
RXLEV_NCELL(n) on the 6 best
neighboring cells (+BSIC)
BSC
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The RxLev of
Neighbors
Inter cell Synchronous
Handover
Speech version: EFR
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Handover Types
Different handover types by network topology
Different handover types by algorithm
PBGT handover
Quality handover
Edge Handover
Intracell Handover
Other types of handover
BSC
BTS
MSC
BSC
BTS
BSC
BTS
BTS
BTS
Case 2
Case 1
Case 3
Case 4
Case 5
BSC
BTS
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Handover Types(Algorithm)
OM Forced HO
In DT, the most common handover
Directed Retry
TA Emergency HO
Edge HO
Bad Quality HO
Layer HO
PBGT HO
Interference HO
Fast Moving MS HO
Load HO
Overlay/Underly HO
TA
RxQuality
RxLevel
PBGT
OL&UL
HO
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PBGT Handover
Target
Cell
Serving
Cell
PBGT HO Exp:
When:
RXLEV_NCELL(n) (RXLEVEL+
PWR_DIFF) > HO_MARGIN
HO_MARGIN > 0
RXLEV_NCELL(n)
RX LEVEL + PWR_DIFF
PBGT HO
Distance
Power-budget
A typical PBGT HO
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Quality Handover
Quality Handover Exp:
When:
DL RxQuality >= DL Quality HO
Threshold
handover caused by DL
RxQuality takes place.
When:
UL RxQuality >= UL Quality HO
Threshold
handover caused by UL
RxQuality takes place.
DL&UL Quality HO
Thresholds are generally
set to 6.
UL Quality HO cant be
monitored in DT.
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EDGE Handover
Edge Handover Exp:
When:
DL RxLevel < Edge HO DL
RX_LEV Threshold
handover caused by DL
RxLevel takes place.
When:
UL RxLevel < Edge HO UL
RX_LEV Threshold
handover caused by UL
RxQuality takes place.
UL EDGE handover cant be
monitored in DT.
Handover was performed to the cell with
higher downlink Rxlev.
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Handover Issues
What is
Dragged Handover
Power Control Effect
PingPong Handover
Missing Neighbor Relation
Fake Neighbor
Handover Failure
Dragged Handover
There will be such cases that you will notice handover process taking
place a little late, which is called dragged handover.
First thing to check will be handover
margins between the neighbors. If
margins for level, quality or power
budget handovers are not set
correctly, If margins are too much,
handover will happen late, vice
versa.
A Quality handover
should happen earlier
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Power control
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Ping-pong Handover
Ping-pong handovers occur when the MS is handed over from one cell to
another but is quickly handed back to the original cell.
The shot shows two pingpong handovers displayed on
the map along with the
Servering CI attribute. The
first ping-pong handover is
from cell 12424 to cell 12368
and back and the second is
from cell 12424 to cell 12366
and back. Changes in the
value of the CI is shown below
the route. It can be clearly
visualized by lines to cells
display.
Ping-pong HO
For most cases, Ping-pong Handover is caused by no dominant cell. There was
a handover back to cell 12366 after the second ping-pong handover, but this was
outside of the defined window. The change in dominance after the handover was
9dB, which represents a much healthier handover.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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Handover Failure
Handover Failure: Handover attempt was failed and the call returned back to its
all channel.
Target Cell is
BCCH is 13
BSIC is 65
Target channel is
900M RF hopping
Handover
Failure Channel.
Half Rate
MA list is 1, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
MAIO is 4, HSN is 31,
The
TSC is
5. handover has not
successfully
completed yet!
Channel
mode is AMR(SV3)
Handover Failure is
Another example: Excessive
Number
Handover
caused
by T200ofExpired
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Proposal
Check if the parameter of handover, such as: PBGT, Quality, Interference, Edge
Dragged Handover
Ping-pong Handover
Check if the parameter of handover, such as: PBGT, Quality, Interference, Edge
Missing Neighbor
Handover Failure
Layer3 Message.
Check if the HSR between source and target cell is low. If it is, find the root cause of
handover failure reasons by traffic statistic analysis.
Page 70
Thank You
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