Chng trnh o to: LINUX NETWORK ADMINISTRATION - LPI

Bin dch Kernel Linux

Linus Torvalds
Gii thiu:
Linus Benedict Torvalds (sinh ngy 28 thng 12, 1969) l mt nh khoa hc my tnh
ngi Phn Lan, c bit n trong vic pht trin Linux. Anh hin ang l ngi iu
phi chnh ca d n. Linus Torvalds tng l sinh vin i hc Helsinki.
Nhn Linux l ht nhn ca Linux, c lp trnh bng ngn ng C v c Linus
Torvalds pht trin, m phng li ht nhn Unix. Linux l mt trong nhng v d in
hnh ca phn mm m v min ph. N c vit bi Linus Torvalds vo nm 1991. Rt
sm t trc , MINIX gp phn vo code v tng cho Linux. Cng thi gian ,
cc d n GNU to ra c rt nhiu cc thnh phn cn thit cho mt h iu hnh
phn mm m.
Mc ch ca vic bin dch kernel:
1. Ti bin dch kernel cha li ca kernel. Nu cc li ny thuc v li ca kernel th
phi v ngun ca kernel v ti bin dch n sa cha cc li c cng b.
2. Ti bin dch kernel nng cao hiu nng ca kernel. Theo mc nh, cc Linux
distribution thng km mt phin bn kernel bin dch vi hu ht nhng thnh phn c
sn c th p ng rng ri cu hnh hardware (c th hin din trn cc my). y l
im li tng qut lc khi im. Tuy nhin, sau khi ci thnh cng v nm chc my
c nhng thit b g (sound card, graphic card, network cards, SCSI card..... ) v bit r
cn nhng thnh phn no cho cu hnh ca my th khng c l do g phi bao gm trn
b cc th khng cn thit v khng dng. i vi kernel 2.4.x, mc nng cao hiu
E-mail: tranxuanchien@live.com website: www.linuxwhoami.blogspot.com TP. HCM 07/2009

Chng trnh o to: LINUX NETWORK ADMINISTRATION - LPI

nng khng r rt (ngoi tr dng phng php test load o). Tuy nhin, t kernel
2.6.x tr i, tnh hiu nng qua vic ti bin dch v iu chnh "driver" modules cho
kernel to hiu xut r rt, nht l trong vic iu chnh "thi biu" (scheduling) ca cc
cng tc m system phi m nhim.
3. Ti bin dch loi b nhng "drivers" khng c dng v c th gy "hiu lm"
cho kernel, to ra trng hp my c nhng triu chng hot ng thiu n nh v hay
gy li.
4. Ti bin dch kernel th nghim mt chc nng hoc mt module mnh va to ra.
Trng hp ny khng nhiu nh cc trng hp trn nhng cng nm trong cc l do
ph bin.
...

THC HNH:
1. Chun b
- Download source t http://www.kernel.org (file: linux-2.6.29.1.tar.bz2), dung lng
khong 54 MB.
2. Bin dch
E-mail: tranxuanchien@live.com website: www.linuxwhoami.blogspot.com TP. HCM 07/2009

Chng trnh o to: LINUX NETWORK ADMINISTRATION - LPI

- gii nn bng lnh:

#tar -jxvf linux-2.6.29.1.tar.bz2
- chuyn vo source:
#cd linux-2.6.29.1

3. Ci t gi h tr bin dch kernel

- to th mc sau:
#mkdir /media/CentOS
- mount a vo th mc:
#mount /dev/cdrom /media/CentOS
-import key PGP:
#rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
- Ci 02 th vin sau:
#yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c5-media groupinstall "Development Tools"
v
#yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c5-media groupinstall "Development Libraries"
- Sau ln lt chy cc lnh sau:
#make menuconfig
#make dep
#make clean
#make bzImage
#make modules
#make modules_install
#make install
E-mail: tranxuanchien@live.com website: www.linuxwhoami.blogspot.com TP. HCM 07/2009

Chng trnh o to: LINUX NETWORK ADMINISTRATION - LPI

Gii thch:
1. iu chnh cc chn la cho mt cu hnh bin dch nhn Linux
#make menuconfig hoc #make xconfig (ch graphic) hoc #make config (dng text)
2. To dependency, dn dp v to kernel image
- Chy theo th t
#make dep
#make clean
#make bzImage
- hoc gom chung li thnh mt lnh
#make dep clean bzImage
3. To modules v ci modules
#make modules
#make modules_install
#make install
4. Chnh s file cu hnh khi ng
/boot/grub/grub.conf
5. Xem Version ca Kernel
#uname -r

E-mail: tranxuanchien@live.com website: www.linuxwhoami.blogspot.com TP. HCM 07/2009