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email: info@ekoletsou.gr

web: http://www.ekoletsou.gr

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2010-2011

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network),
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1: 4, 5

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(resources) .
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(file server).
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(e-mail), ,
(file transfer), , . ,
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1
: bits .

, bits
.
.
1

bit , 0 1.
. bit 8, 16,
32, 64, 128 ., 2. 8 bit byte. Bit KBit, MBit, GBit, TBit, PBit
.

3|


.


bit
:

4: bit


bits

5:

(i)



: / (chat)

6:

(ii)

-

: (e-mail), (forum, wiki,blogs)

7:


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(switching), ,
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(datagram): .
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11: .

11, . 6
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(virtual circuit): , .
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12: .

12 ,
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(multiplexing)
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13 .
(
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(.. )




300..3.400Hz
(..
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13:

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(frequency division multiplexing, FDM)
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14: . ,
.

:
(.. fm)

88MHz 108MHz.
/ / . ..
90,9Mhz , 93,6Mhz Kosmos FM.

(time division multiplexing, TDM) .



. ,
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, , (timeslots).
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:
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(statical time division multiplexing, statical TDM).

15: . . ,
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16: .
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, ,
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(communication protocol) (protocol):
, ( )
.
:
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): Internet
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
Torrent:
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, (network architecture).
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10 |

:
, (layers) (levels).
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, (interface) .

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17:


2 ,

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(2 )
. (1 )
fax.
18:

OSI

. 1984, (International Standard Organization, ISO)
,
.
(Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model, OSI RM).
11 |

:
, , ISO.
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.
ISO .
OSI, , ,
. .

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.
(open systems) .

.
OSI ,
.

19: OSI

12 |

OSI
(Application layer)
OSI .
.
.

. (e-mail), (file transfer),
(data access), .
(Presntantion layer)
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(Session layer)
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, (session).
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(Transport layer)
OSI.
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(-),
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(Network layer)

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13 |

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(Data link layer)
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(data frames).
(header) (tailer), ,
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( ).
(Physical layer)
OSI .
bits , , ,
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, .. bits, 0 1, bit,
,
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bytes 8 bits ASCII2 7 bits.

20:

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, )



. ,
. ASCII ( 32 126)
( "space"):
!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?
@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~

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:
(Local Area Network, LAN)
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(10 100 Mbps3),
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(multiple access). ,
/ .
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(Wide Area Network, WAN)
(..
).

21:

1) Mbps megabits per second, , 1 megabit= bits.


2)MBps, megabytes per second, 1 megabyte= 1 bytes 1.024.

15 |

:
, .
, ,
. (Internet). H
.
:
- (Client-Server)
(peer-to-peer)
, ,
:
() .
.
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: () (Bridge),
(Router), () (Gateway).

(LAN) (.. , )
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(WAN) (LAN).
.

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16 |

() . (0
1). .

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22:


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PCM:

23:

17 |

24: () , ()


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bits
(binary digits). ,
bits .
.

25:

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.

:


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18 |


.
, .

bit
bit, bits,
. bits (bits per second, bps)
kbps (103 bps) Mbps (106 bps). ,
(0 1), bit R bit
: = .

, (bauds),
, , modem.
bits. bit
, bit.
bit ,
bits.
, modem baud 100 baud 2 bits,
200 bps. , 2 bits 4 , modem
4 .

26: bit .
bit .


, bits, ,
, .. bits . ,
, , bps
bit.

19 |


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o
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o

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27: .


o
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28: .


o
.
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.
20 |

:
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o
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SEA-ME-WE 3 (South East Asia


Middle East West Europe). (-),
(, ) (, )
!
( bits 0 1)
.
.
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29: .

30: .


: /
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o
.
o
.
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40-50 .
o
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-

30:

21 |

31: .

o
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() .
(uplink) / (downlink).
(1958): ,
10

.
: 35.880Km, (11.040 /).

32:


o
(.. , ) .
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(1946):
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/
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22 |

( )
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()
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(.. ) .
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- ( ).

( )

.

1)
2)
3)
1)

2)

3)
1) Gbps
2)
Tbps
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
1)
2)
3)
1)
2)
45 Mbps,

3)

4)
,

1)
2)

1)

2)

3)

1) ,

2)

3)

1)
2)
3)

4) ,
1)
2)
3)

4)

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