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  • Indexing Examples

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    omar
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    This document provides examples of different types of indexes used to organize data in databases and information systems. It shows examples of primary non-dense indexes that match file ordering, clustered non-dense indexes, secondary dense indexes with one entry per record and value, multilevel indexes, B+ tree node structures, hashing functions, and different indexing organization options including unordered files with no index, ordered files with no index, ordered indexes in RAM with one free primary index and secondary indexes, and hash indexes with no physical index. The examples illustrate common indexing techniques for organizing large amounts of data.

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    example how the index work

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    This document provides examples of different types of indexes used to organize data in databases and information systems. It shows examples of primary non-dense indexes that match file ordering, clustered non-dense indexes, secondary dense indexes with one entry per record and value, multilevel indexes, B+ tree node structures, hashing functions, and different indexing organization options including unordered files with no index, ordered files with no index, ordered indexes in RAM with one free primary index and secondary indexes, and hash indexes with no physical index. The examples illustrate common indexing techniques for organizing large amounts of data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    4 views11 pages

    Indexing Examples

    Uploaded by

    omar
    This document provides examples of different types of indexes used to organize data in databases and information systems. It shows examples of primary non-dense indexes that match file ordering, clustered non-dense indexes, secondary dense indexes with one entry per record and value, multilevel indexes, B+ tree node structures, hashing functions, and different indexing organization options including unordered files with no index, ordered files with no index, ordered indexes in RAM with one free primary index and secondary indexes, and hash indexes with no physical index. The examples illustrate common indexing techniques for organizing large amounts of data.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 11

    Example 1.

    Non-Dense (Primary) Index,


    ONE FREE matches file ordering
    Index
    111 121 1113
    235 121 2311
    266 333 4343

    Search for
    235 122 4993

    Records
    111 121 1112
    111 131 2143
    121 234 4544
    121 349 6341

    block

    235 121 2311


    235 122 4993

    block

    266 333 4343

    block

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Example 2. (Clustered) Non-Dense Index


    (ONE FREEmatches file ordering)
    Index
    Blue
    Green
    Grey
    Red
    Yellow

    Records
    Blue 2
    Blue 3
    Blue 9
    Green 1
    Green 2

    block

    Green 6
    Grey 1
    Red 1

    block

    Red 9
    Red 10
    Yellow 6
    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    block

    Example 3. Secondary (Dense) Index


    Index
    Blue
    Blue
    Blue
    Green
    Green
    Green
    Yellow
    Yellow
    Yellow

    1 entry per record


    Records
    12
    14
    15
    17
    19
    23
    29
    33
    43

    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Yellow
    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Green
    Blue

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Example 4. Secondary (Dense) Index


    Index

    Blue
    Green
    Yellow

    1 entry per value, all addresses


    Records
    12
    14
    15
    17
    19
    23
    29
    33
    43

    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Yellow
    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Green
    Blue

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Example 5. Secondary (Dense) Index


    1 entry per value, address to addresses
    Index

    Addresses

    Records
    12
    14
    15
    17
    19
    23
    29
    33
    43

    Blue
    Green
    Yellow

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Yellow
    Blue
    Yellow
    Green
    Green
    Blue

    Example 6. Multilevel Index


    First Level

    Second Level
    1
    15

    25
    52

    25
    39
    52

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Records
    1
    3
    4
    15
    23
    24
    25

    39
    42

    52
    53

    Example 7a. B+ Tree Node Structure

    p1

    Node 1

    v1

    p2

    Node 2

    v2

    p3

    v3

    Node 3

    p4

    v4

    Node 4

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    p5

    Node 5

    Example 7b. B+ Tree Node Structure

    p1

    15

    p2

    30

    p3

    50

    p4

    93

    31 33 47 50

    1 12 15
    16 21 24 30

    p5
    94 99 103

    51 56 78 81 93

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Hashing
    Function(value) = location (i.e. bin)
    Example: Mod 13 of (SSN) =
    123-45-6789 mod 13 = 1
    234-56-7899 mod 13 = 7
    864-93-5196 mod 13 = 8
    963-77-5936 mod 13 = 6
    058-32-9744 mod 13 = 5
    532-87-1523 mod 13 = 2
    274-98-6648 mod 13 = 1
    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Bin 1
    123-45-6789 mod 13 = 1
    274-98-6648 mod 13 = 1

    Bin 2
    532-87-1523 mod 13 = 2

    Bin 3
    Bin 4
    Bin 5
    058-32-9744 mod 13 = 5

    Bin 6
    963-77-5936 mod 13 = 6

    Bin 7
    234-56-7899 mod 13 = 7

    Bin 8
    864-93-5196 mod 13 = 8

    . (plus overflow Bin)


    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

    Indexing Organization Options


    File (on Disk)

    Index in RAM

    Unordered
    Ordered

    No Index

    Ordered

    One Free Primary Non-Dense Index (B+Tree)


    and possibly
    Multiple (costly) Secondary Dense Indexes (B+Tree)

    Hash

    No physical index

    INLS 623 Indexing examples BMH/SWH

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