-Ttell my. children ‘tho aré black? Of what it means to be s captive in this dark skin, What shall I.tel1 my dear one, frutt of my: wonb. a Black, : § Ries The night is black and go is the Boogyman, Villians are black with black hearts. : Wdlack cow elves no milk. A black hen days no Co ee cones bordered in black, blacks “Storm.clouds; black; black ds ‘evit’ evil ds black and devils ‘fo: What shal. I tell my doar cones Peised, . whit “dplace where white has been nade to represent ALL that 4s good and fire and fine. ad.dacent, Slpuds. are white and.dolls, cheat fan pay. serene. ome in tears. becca galled bin black, big 1ipos sppy headed? ‘What will he th: Teaey his tears and whisper,” Ye: “But'no less beautifal and dear, Bow shall T Litt up hig head, gethim to square” iS shoulderg, look his adversities dn the eye ofcnticbnt.in tho incwledge- ig be: var “Ber der his sable skin'and prow s ay ar Tao to give hin stn hh oe ‘Shot he may come through lifots ‘adversitics -AS-a ‘hole human being umverped and human i1’a. -baised lows and tutunan practices, that henore.” dnd his. heritag. And ais armory wake bin-si Any battle he may face. Because T have arne: tas ne And, their children 'S:6): ng ago in Africa the people did not- have pencils'and paper +6 write tuelr history, and’ they did not have books and newspapers to. tel] the. “people things which happened. Uney hac. to think of some other way to Ce ae ‘the! people lmow the histoxy of their tribe, What. way éo you supnope’ - 4. they chose’ to tell theit story? . : ‘The, "those to make a talicing’ bool with misical dnstrunenis .) ‘The Africans have always loved msic, ani so they trained nerbere . duet tribe dn secret societies to make meleal' hictory vooks. ‘The x “Africans mice many cifferont musical instruments. They: nace rattles from gourda, horns trom reed, woos,’ or ivory, narinbas from palm ood, oe vané 2 stringed instrmment much Like. out mandolin, “Africans were ‘the “finst people to use” Stringed insurmmente. The oldest: rythinic. ins x ‘ever to: be wave abe the may different ‘Idnds of African crass. 4 Can’ you imavine a history. Grn an elephant !s ear? The xéry Firs Africen drums were mate Tron the cldinof a fenale elephant, “They stretched this skin. tightly over a hollowed log and after pracs. ‘toing avery long tine, certain meubers of the tribe vecane the misical’ “Astory tellers. Bach generation had'to teach 2 certain imber of ite * mnsnbers to inomorias its history 90,thet it would”not be lost. This “. Was much harder than writing a beck; but. the peonle were very proud of Nv their-ancestors, anc the; did nob want, the récords of their deeds :to- be: “lost. a gE ae ES ‘Athcahe‘used their misic. to warn of danger from an enemy, to tel @ fire or Siticiess, to call-mén'to war, to tell ‘of the birth of a nev baby, laid iiany other things, Sihyére oftén Clicked their fingermails, { patted their feet, anc clapped their hangs while they cance, ven today. “drims are still used in Africa: 2f you wish to hear’ these talking drums _thefe-are many records in our stores, Polmeys Record P 2h? is folic mmsic « "cs \.ef thd Western Congo, and hére-are nany nore, S KitingProverbs are 2 teatinony: to Proverbs similar in neaning ar G “ASHE pe Below are: pairee together proverbs similar in In'egch case the Tirst proverd cones from Africa; the second & oufrent in the United States. Srubh: and the morning becanss ‘Mbt sith Hm.’ The ‘truth will @xe Sys Rey hen the ape cantiot reach the ‘ripe banana with Bic hand he says itte sour. ‘Sour’ grapes. aes 3 Lysry beast! roars in tts on ten. - ‘ ¥ Yoube caly'a big fishin a Little pond, Sticks in the bundle are unoreaiable, United vie stand; Gavided we fall, an: “hid mouth, “He Wag torn ‘with a full set-off He. was born vith @ stlver epoc Don't despise the gift because it 1s emai, Good things come in small packages. there is sonsthing in the worst of in Zor which he will always be ‘There de eme gopd in the'worst of- us. : A-roating lion idlis’ ‘A rolling stone gathers nt The lower lip scorns the upper lip.! The pot calle the kettle black. Clethes. are sien. ~ : Clothes: make the man: : That which one Has’ in the hané dooén't! ceceive one, A bird iil the hand ds-worth two’ au the wish. XE you world Bring @ dog to. you, conte hola a stick. You cin catch nore flies with war than with vineesr, Good fire wood 4s not ‘without ante, Take the citter with the sueet. 3 “ The rain falls on evety root. . Into! each Iife ‘cote rain ‘must colt,eri a testimony tothe WISCOR and observation of mankind.) Ay Proverbs sinitar in Meaning ave ‘found’ people of all cultures, ; ® i an meaning, Pi Sieh case the Tirst srovece Sones ftom Africas ‘the ‘socond 4 current iB. Buti and the nomaing todonca Licht with tine, i he ‘truth wilt: aay Heist : Svery beast roars tn ite oun den. es Moube only'a big righ tn & Little pond; Sticks in the puidle ane thoreskable, United tie ‘stands divided we fal pure j ae He Wa born wat 2 Fuld: se) ofetestin, i «Be Mas born with a Silver spoon’ in hig mouth, Don't despise the gine Because: # 39 smaqa, Good things cone in shalt packizes, The lower 1ip Sgorns ‘the Upper 1454! oS The pot calls the kettle bieee, . Clothes. are sien, Pata - othes sale the ‘nan, ‘That “which one lias 4h the “hand doesn't deceive one, A bird Jul the hand ig Morth to?its-the ‘ough : Fay/On HELA being a cog to Yous Gontt hole a stick, 5 You cin catch wore fiiee weit stcar than with vinegar, Seed fire wood 4s not ithout ants, ‘eke: the bitter with tho oweet, s “2 herein elte on every root, Inbo'seeh te soe raln meet Sal, 7__. Strong.as @ nan, brave as 8 lion, cuming as 4 fox was Harriet Tubman. Who, ‘unable to.réac or write, made nineteen journeys into the Deep South sn spirited over 300 slaves to freedoln, Harriet Tabran, 0 medium-eise, simling Nena, was the leacing “conductor” of the Uncerground Railroad over which countless toousancs .of naieless claves. fled from yongaga. The Undergrounc Railroad-was neither a railroat nép'undergrdwic; but a systen for helving slaves to escape. Jy moving froh one friendly hand to the Rext, fron house to house, from church to church, on foot, by horseback, Wagons, trains, passin: through) slave state atten slave state. they reached ‘the freodon of ‘Ohio, New Snelanc‘or Sanaca. ° ay day anc by night, eunmer” _ané winter, escaping slaves Look -the, Underground Railroad to the North. Tt vas canjovous' for anyone to bely the slaves as most ctates had Severe penalties for'aiciny "property" to escare. It twas doubly dangerous for a Hegro fenalle to yo South and lea staves Northy for she could lose her oui freedon and herself bectne enslaved, To the duuitleed Rarriet ‘Tubman, these considerations were. as. nothing. Every possible trick and Gisgsise! were usec by her-to halp the slaves. ° Qn several occasions, at gun-point llarriet forded wavering olaves onvard, "You'll be free or dle," she quietly comanded,, i : oy Slaveownera anc.their “agents looked high ant low for her ‘but she © always manayed to elude them,’ One \on a trein she vas almost caught but, pretending to reac 4 neuspaper, and hoving that she held it right eice wo, Harriet Tuoman'was overlooked, for her pursuers imen ‘ghe could not read. Her-luok held anc she rémained free. : 5 ; : |” somn in Warylané in 1626, lseriet ty man herself escaped from her faster ané went to New York, - oun. wonds, she cescribed her first’ taste of liberty: "I was free ahé I couldn't believe-4i, ‘here wag sud] a glory all ‘around and the-suh was’ shining through the trees and on the hills... I was free! ™ ar es " . o _\ During the Civil Wer, darriet:Tubnan served both aga purse anda’) ‘spy for the Union.”.’hen she di i military honors,‘they'‘were free men and not slaves a5 he wag, ‘Thead nen carried napero to show that they were free men. < 6 + Me off the sailortbecane: Fredrick “touglassiig friemd, and he’ 7), Aoaned hin his free papers so that, he could escape and decors vires also, Fredericl Dougless stidied @ great orator. "He sgoke fare Lar; “Felli ig claves sna Ee bevane the editor of nouspeper Shd was very famous, He served as Warsh-11 ti, ! the District of Columbia, ‘United Jtates iGnister to Haiti, and Rocorénrof Deeds in'Washindton, D,Ci x ery bard and became, f 2 : i ; Broderick Douglass was very antious to helo other Negros: ‘achieve 'as mich as he had, He ‘devoted much of his tine going ‘to Hegro schools ‘to“speak “to. the ghildren to'encourdgs them $e study hard and gain much tapwledge so’ that ithey couda gain the repect of their followmen tnd achieve mich for then- selves and their country, ¢ : Today theit are. monuments to pee fany'and schools and Other places :naned in tite honor. fh Hoston, shore ig a square ; Baned for hin." Thor/iaa large statue of' kin in Nechedter, ~ dive Tork." He lotten’ told ‘the Ghiddren yo who he spoke these. words: : é o i What-was possible. for me is ossiblé for you, Do not ‘think because you are colored you! conliot accomplish anything. | Stive earnestly to add ‘to your knowledge, ¥ “86 long 26 you remain in Agneraiice, 90. long will you fai (5), 80, comtiand the respect of youn. felloment, ce ‘Anyeder. Among, the African warriora who organiacd his forces and fought ithe enemy ‘Wes’ Saito: iets pa ‘Samori: was' born dn 1875: of poor. parents. "4 4n a slave-raid'on his village by another tribe. Sémors . Want, to plead for his mother's reloase but himself captured, | -| Foveee toarvg asa soldier in'the army of his captors, | Saori distinguished himself and hon the favor of ‘the, chief. He and his’ mo} leased sn& permitted to return to | thelr village. . eee Leh Oe He thenentered the survics of the Hag of the Torongo ,: country. So great-wore his military oxploits ‘that he» : g00n Peplaced the king as leader: of the country, He éx- Panded bis kingdom through couquost ond carefully organized Peach captured region. Heceven conquéred his former master. * He soon expanded’ his territory to somo.”100,000 kidonoters.. His army consisted-of 10 divisions of about 5,000 men each, His personal guard consisted of 500 strong, intelligent ‘youths, His army had firearms but their weapms were not as modern as.those of the European. ' : Ris military encounters with the French began in 1961, when “the French attenped to extend: their control over’ what, becane French Weot Africa. Tine after tine the French exicowitered Senori's exsy only: to be dafeated. "The ‘French were forced to make treaties with the Sanori in 1686 and 1867. In 1891 fighting began again.” The Fvanch vere -debertindd to bring Samroi's empite down: and théix modern equipment: and 7 anminition gave then a district advandage., Sanord was forocd to retreat but his withdrawal was-cleverly cacried cub. He distroyed what he'could not carry with! nim’ that would not be of value to the ‘French. The tribes over whose territory he © ’ ruled were ordered to destrey Srops and other sautegs of strength for, the enemys }Wanunile Sandri vowld conquer dther villages as he retreated occassionally stopping to pitch battles against the French. Thus the “French were faced with the. food storages and a harassing foc. Samori was adding to his own possessions by.conquet even while losing” ‘géound to the French.” The Frerch pushed on, however, and eventually ‘Samori was defeated. He “was captured in September, 1698 and deported tothe om island/of Mote where he died in-1700, Samorite-gloricus: carber ag a wwirio? and his end as @ exile on @ remote isle is often compared to Napoleon's career and exiles Ona snalier scale and with inferior weapons, Sancri displayed 2 ® conparable genius. “lejin Toh, the Distingulel B. 0, Davis, Negro group, %. dnstallation Jocataa does than a ceremony of decoration; his only gon,” "Well done. For. B.O. Davis _(bhie was lace particularly vest Monentwa moment of realization and -culninatian of his father ts, $8 well. as: his on struggles to'prove ‘the worth: of the Neuro. aga “fighting mans! 0 Se ae i i mn ByO. davis Jr. did not imow what — to.make of himself -- when ‘he ‘was first appointed. to Veet Point He ves not particularly elated... Ho ‘me well aware’ of the-fact | that it took i of Colonel. Young Davis indifre; failed nis fitst West Point. }: he finaldy entered West Point,” > by a purposefwiness *born-off ‘ gueceed, became te ‘\. fadlure of his race, Born in 19i2 end ‘traviing: about the, country with his. 7 soldiér-father,, young Davis’ was,*well prepared ‘for. a.careey in the militery. He aleo:possessed the necessary physical ‘andimental equiphent; he wes 612" tall and bad a shar minds Tn schools his main-acadenic’dnterést was athena tice and-he:( Wes president of hits class. | grades atthe University. 62 | » Gileago and Northwestern were above average... “i This sane ‘mental and! phyoi¢ stead.at'a’ time jehen he’ was the only Ng; o student at. West v))Podnt.. During his first yee: id intermittently. ¢: tel 2, “be.was eujected to the silent tre _ He overcame’ this’ | hosbiltty and becane, the £irst. Wedro, to, be graduated from: West: Point in forty-seven years, But he wes under this send.” ‘Wype of pressire.at ‘Niskeged Air Hose where be toulc his fyi “traiming,. jand, ‘tery ‘when he ‘led-the 99th. Fighter SquAdron, ~ Qdend Fighter: Group an the European ‘theater-during World Var 12 , Here Tavis corned the, Distinguished Flying Cross. aud S1ivér Star for perscnal ‘bravery, « and Tis; group: ‘ Gltation. eee eee Lpient’ hood hn in/edqa! |There was a tine wica 3, to. make of insel? -— wher he. ‘he.was nob-pantioilarly ella ted, that it’ took his father ove (ef Colonel. “Young Da failed his first West Point ex er 1932 when | | Be finally entered West. pouty ‘iniiifference Ses ‘by 8 pitposetulness born of/-the awareness that he hed + : siieceed, because feilite-wobtd bi oy many as a ‘failure’ ofyhis race, - Born in 1912 end ‘treviing’ the: country with his. . " Seldien=tather, "young Davis was Well: prepared for 4 canoer any he Mittery, “Hs also possessed the necessary physical * wand mentel equipments! he was. 612! tad, and Had a sharp mind. | Th school, : kis ‘nain'a: erent vas. mathematics and ‘he «| Genre itent of bis class, |W grades ct the Tniverstay of Ouleago-end Northwestern were above aveege. oe £ ‘This sane mental.and physical equipment’ atood him diigood Stead at a’ time Wwhen he was fonly Negro 'studint at West 2 », Points \During his first yeax And intermittently ‘thoneaf ten, “Be Mas sujectéd tothe cilent trda tis ‘He overcame this: ~Rostiitty and becana the first Negro. to\be graduated ten “West Point in forlynse n yeare. “But he ang! type of pressure -at Tuskozoe : his. flying ‘weinung, and, later) wher 4 the oth Righter Squadron, * European ‘theater. during World War 12 i “fete Devi eerned ‘the Distinguished Flying Grove Star for personal bravery,’ an Citation,ae 22 238 ep 2ine 2. : 2h Ry eos Olly 254 30. Ae isadp armada ne Key fastonor, -s----aae+ Frad Jy ~ 26. Ball bearing machinery. Inportant Discoveries by Negro Scientist ‘ Liguid preserver of BR sties S Wn. G. Haynes Toggle harpoon Lewis Temple Appliances used with player piano Devices for handling: sai2s.-t---~ Jz f Machinery for making paper boxes === We. Purvis Cotton picking machine --—-4 A.B, Albert e Devices having to do with: the telephone ~~ Charles V. Rici Mechanical tabulator, --+----Shelby.J, Davidson. \: Pasting machine =~. soa-RobertiA, Pelhan’ Hot:air register attachmente=h= Andrew: Fi Hilyer Burner apparatus: -- ren, Benjamin Fy Jacksen - Agrictiltural inplenents~---- George W, Murray.) Steam trap:invontion ----rom Henry Kreamer! Six patents for harvesting mohingry =-- Willian Dolglass Automatic water. disponsér. nes Doy! a ‘Lowden s Patents for invention in air ship-+-r-J. 1. Pickering — damés “Sith ty Hy “Jobnscn. = Joseph Lee 1 Brinay Snort f Dorrick fon hoisting weights ———- J. Ws' Benton Screws for tobacco pressés +=-- John ,. Parker Compound, engine; water boiler ~ Apparates. for kneading dough Rewepse, valve gears —-=-. === Robert Robinson Now medthod. of waking flags '--<- Webry’ A. Bokhan Writing device ----. Charles. J. Becker!“ 5 a Valve gear for ‘steam engine +- Robert tee Cakeboll Apparatus. for box car refrigeration'+s< Broderick Ms Jones ” ‘Experience ‘in the-cobton breeding —-"Dr,s ithomas Wyatt Pumner Discoverer of new plant sséeies' ~-~ Dr. charles Stbwaré Parker Authority on gastric: snaiysis--=. Db, Leonidas H. Berry” Authority in bacteriology and Afmunclogy--- Dr. Wn. A. Hunton Pioneer in plastios ------- Rerzy J. Greene Jr Authority in rocket and jet fuels-=-=- Dr, Edvard L, Harris Devised instrament for renoval of. tonsil and a double stethogcopes-=, Dr. Lawrence Greeley Brown, i Famous biologiat +-----Kenneth Bronsterph’ Crooks Devised short nedthod. of aritnmetio. : Fetented dispenser to prevent TB, <--- Deivid N.8s' Ganbbolt Developed: supericr paint ~~~ Willddn Gy Holly Studies. dn anfra-red absorption-bands'-—-Bliy 6. Tyee Peyeloped useful typeof slusinun bronge-= Janes A, Parson fae nd bridge eiginger --- Archie J,’ Alexander it gtonding ‘resdarch in’ elities} ficld --~'Perey Julian ‘Yanous tdlogleten y Tomer 7have: been that. 88 "White peopir “came fron Wore MaRiteelo # ‘any, Ml 3} ioke ‘for ‘black people a "black" ‘boy’ had been: evervly: beaten: ‘tat. the Mwhige# nan hed for Iinaively assumed that Mblack"! boy's father,” have ‘the ight the-only righty. {to vehi. But ‘whet ‘ny mother: Hie fatherof the "Black! boy. ice :created @ new fear in me,” 1% white! man, that had beaten 2 Bales Sew rnere’ I full. $f fear too: then T bore : ‘Negroes wer “in one. part of “the train and= ‘the the whites were in another. Naively I wanted to ge and see ‘hoy the whites Aoeleed Waine: aiding An thats pepter the Soincote ise NKacw for what2"“got api Rivet Une: ce anid sing." Nob a startling Ines’ but 1 worked long grinding out tae hext five, a near the end cf ee tangs, ‘thee came to me the ‘th that. thedank ee hes 3t ‘The Sion jsacre “ortspas Attucks -(e tlegro) ee a <" @ied with Samuel Gray, James Caldwell, ooo 04. :Patrick Carr and gamed saverdok. * voy) Theds. death rallied: the colonies to fight fer independence and freedon. yane) 225 bs HS enewweD fount in the-battle of Bunker Bill. Docunente of the Thirteen States reves! thate! ‘A. >) Rhode Toland Feised 2 reeinént of 300 ‘Negros: Hew Hempshite enlisted 629 Negroes. Connecticut: had a Negro reginent, 9 ( < , : oe ‘Yaryland raiged 750 Negro troeps, % Brondyiine, fron Va: Forge to rought: riya Tr to ‘with white. ath; Hegre acres ah ‘ten brigades. “About L000 Negro soldiers served silth'the Continente?: amy.” Wor of 12 EL eat Piety Negross served wit captain Peny when ‘defeated the Britished! maneof~wer in the battle of lake Erie, ‘Dro battalions of. $00 tres tlegroes fought with Andrew oe sprees the hold of the ‘Britighed on New Orleans. “Hitty | thyopnatnosse soldiers and eee ‘deed fighting for. the freedom: of" he, 9. teere! Peale, an ‘the unity of our‘The third” Negro’ era: Yong; .,was ep oul » Voluatect Negro frayfiont here of the eats Betireon June 5, 1927 aie’ Soptent million Negro nen (2,290,529). rep he Uni bed States Ranges: 0° 5 Golensi Benjamin 0, Davie, Brigadier Genaral.” ids acai, dev yaaa nenber of the ‘In December, 15lh twenty: five Hundred (2,900) llegroes wseryed.dn army: unite Mehting in thi a Bulges: Beno, oes roWSs Mayet Asedony ob Amnagolis SATE . gr, 8 Negro’ was named in his, h e 5 Wad launched July 25, 193. ‘Thirteen Liberty Ships: built by the United Stetes Coveriment for service in the Merchant Marine wore ‘naned in honor of Negroes.” jAmone then was phe Su8s' GeargeWastipgtontoantsr;:.theiaSqe.tedepick ‘Douglass the S.3. Janos Weldon Johnson... sho §.Sy ‘Paul Lawrence « i “Dunbar, ‘ond the $.S, Harriet ‘Tubman, eee Tn this war tho armed. forded. of, the United ‘States wore completely intograted..’ Negroes served together with whites in all. branches-of the aied forces, Dr. ddhn As Hahnth,, President of. Michigan. State University, “then. the Assistant Secretary ‘of Defence stated: -Mthe obitzaticon to defend out country and ‘our beliefs are borne ogdally.by all citizens without regard-to-waes igi j ‘Tt should be 4 real gratification ‘to hinking’ Americans ee ‘ta know that our Arned Forces are’ leading ‘the way. in Se REE demonstrating both at-home and: abroad: that America: provides 00) oe oppeftunities for all of her poopie, en ‘ cee (000° Redideny Graduates 3 ab West Point he fimst: Negro cadet ‘graduated in 1877. ‘There were five’ Fete, ‘Negro graduates in the class of 1963, : : . $ - US Mevel Academy at “Amneptiis <0 i The first Negro midshipman to grduate’was 4 19h9. “There were three graduates in ‘hres Negoes ware dn ithe gradmting last of 1563,