BI TP CHNG I HA 10

1. Tnh s ht mi loi ,vit k hiu nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron

a. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu gp 1,8333
ln s ht khng mang in.
/S: Na
b. Mt nguyn t c tng s cc ht l 62 v c s khi nh hn 43.
c. Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115 v c s khi l 80.
d. Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 76, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 20.
e. Nguyn t R c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 52, s ht khng mang in gp
1,059 ln s ht mang in dng. Xc nh s hiu nt ca R?
f. Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 155, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 33.
g. Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 34. /S: Na
h. Trong anion X3- tng s ht l 111, s e bng 48% s khi.
2. Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t ca st ln lt l:
1,28Ao v 56g/mol.
Tnh D ca nt st bit rng cc nguyn t st ch chim 74%.
3. Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nt ca km ln lt l: 1,38Ao v
65g/mol.
a) Tnh khi lng ring ca km.
b) Bit Zn khng phi l khi c m c khong trng, th tch thc
ca Zn ch bng 72,5% th tch o c. Tnh khi lng ring ng ca
km.
4. a) Mt nt c bn knh nguyn t xp x 1,28A o v khi lng ring tinh
th l 7,89g/cm3.
Bit rng cc nt ch chim 74% th tch tinh th, cn li l rng. Tnh
khi lng ring trung bnh ca ng.t(g/cm3). Tnh khi lng mol nt.
b) Ng.t Au bn knh v khi lng mol ln lt l 1,44Ao v 197g/mol. Bit
rng khi lng ring ca Au kim loi l: 19,36g/cm3. Hi cc nt Au chim
bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th?
5. Nu tha nhn rng nt Ca c dng hnh cu, sp xp c kht bn
cnh nhau th th tch
chim bi cc nt kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton khi tinh th. Hy
tnh bn knh nt Ca (theo n v A o) bit khi lng ring ca Ca
l1,55g/cm3, v nt khi ca Ca l 40.
6. Cho bit mt loi nguyn t Fe c : 26p , 30n , 26e
a. Trong 56 gam Fe cha bao nhiu ht p, n , e ?
b. Trong 1 kg Fe c bao nhiu (e)
c. C bao nhiu kg Fe cha 1 kg (e)

7. Cho 2 ng v hidro vi t l phn trm s nguyn t 11 H (99%) , 12 H (1%)

v 1735Cl (75,53%),1737 Cl (24,47%) .
a)Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca mi nguyn t.
b) C th c bao nhiu loi phn t HCl khc nhau to ra t 2 loi
ng v ca 2 nguyn t ? Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi ng v
ni trn.
8. Mt hn hp gm 2 ng v c s khi trung bnh l 31,1 v t l
phn trm ca cc
ng v ny l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht c bn trong 2 ng v l
93. S ht khng mang in bng 0,55 ln s ht mang in. Tm s
in tch ht nhn v s ntron trong mi ng v
9. R c 2 loi ng v l R1 v R2. Tng s ht trong R1 l 54 ht v trong R2 l 52 ht. Bit
R1 chim 25% v R2 chim 75%. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R.
10. Mt hn hp gm hai ng v c s khi trung bnh 31,1 v t l % ca cc ng v ny
l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht trong hai ng v l 93 v s ht khng mang in bng 0,55
ln s ht mang in. Tm s Z v s notron ca mi ng v?
11.Ha tan 4,84g Mg kim loi bng dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,4g kh
H2
a. Xc nh NTK ca Mg
b. Mg kim loi cho trn c 2 ng v l 1224Mg v 1 ng v khc.
Xc nh s khi ca ng v th 2 bit t s ca 2 loi v trn
l 4:1.
12.Mt thanh ng cha 2 mol Cu. Trong thanh ng c 2 loi v
l 6329Cu v 6529Cu vi
hm lng tng ng l 25% v 75%. Hi thanh ng nng bao nhiu
gam?
13.Dung dch A cha 0,4mol HCl, trong c 2 ng v 3517Cl v 3717Cl
vi hm lng
tng ng l 75% v 25%. Nu cho dd A t/d vi dd AgNO 3 thu c bao
nhiu gam kt ta?
14.Oxi c 3 v 168O, 178O, 188O, bit % cc v tng ng l x1, x2, x3,
trong x1=15x2; x1-x2=21x3. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
oxi?
15.NTKTB ca Ag l 107,87. Trong t nhin Ag c 2 ng v, trong
109
47Ag chim 44%. Xc nh s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t ca
ng v cn li.
16.ng gm 2 v 6529Cu, 6329Cu.
a) Tnh thnh phn phn trm 6529Cu trong CuO. Bit NTK tb ca Cu =
63,546, ca O = 15,9994.

b)Tnh hm lng % ca 6329Cu trong CuSO4.5H2O. Bit NTKtb ca

H=1,008; S = 32,066;
17.Mt nguyn t X c 3 v A, B, C ln lt chim t l % l: 79%, 10%,
11%. Tng s
khi ca 3 v l 75. NTKtb ca X l 24,32. Mt khc, s n ca B nhiu
hn ca A l 1 ht.
a)Tm s khi ca mi v
b) Bit trong A c s p = n, tm X
18.Nguyn t 35X c 2 ng v l X1 v X2. Tng s ht khng mang
in ca X1 v X2 l 90. Nu cho 1,2 g 2040Ca tc dng vi 1 lng X va
th c 5,994g hp cht. Bit t l gia s nguyn t X 1 v X2
bng 605:495.
a. Tnh NTK trung bnh ca X, s khi ca X1 v X2
b. C bao nhiu nguyn t X1, X2 trong 1 mol nguyn t X.
19.Cho m gam kim loi X t/d va vi 7,81g kh clo thu c 14,05943
gam mui clorua vi hiu sut 95%. Kim loi X c 2 ng v A v B c
c im:
- Tng s ht trong 2 nt A v B bng 186.
- Hiu s ht khng mang in ca A v B bng 2
- Mt hn hp c 3600 nt A v B. Nu ta thm vo hn hp ny 400
nt A th hm lng phn trm ca nt B trong hn hp sau t hn
trong hn hp u l 7,3%.
a. Xc nh khi lng m v khi lng nt ca kim loi X.
b. Xc nh s khi ca A, B v s hiu nt
c. Xc nh s nt A c trong khi lng mui ni trn
20.Nguyn t A c hai ng v X v Y. T l s nguyn t ca X : Y l 45 : 455. Tng s
ht trong nguyn t ca X bng 32. X nhiu hn Y l 2 ntron. Trong Y s ht mang
in gp 2 ln s ht khng mang in. Tnh nguyn t lng trung bnh ca A.
21.Nguyn t Argon c 3 loi ng v c s khi bng 36; 38 v A. Phn trm s nguyn
t tng ng ca 3 ng v ln lt bng 0,34%; 0,06% v 99,6%. Bit 125 nguyn t
Ar c khi lng 4997,5 u. Tnh s khi A ca ng v th 3 v NTK trung bnh
ca Ar.
22.Vit cu hnh e v s phn b e vo cc AO ca cc nguyn t v
ion sau: O(Z=8); O2-; S (Z=16); S2-; Cl (Z=17); Cl-; K (Z=19); K+, Ca
(Z=20); Ca2+, Fe (Z=26); Fe2+; Fe3+.
23.Vit y cu hnh e ca cc nt c e ngoi cng nh sau:
a) 3p64s2 b) 3s23p1;
c) 3s23p5; d) 4p5
e) 5p66s1 f)
3s23p6
g)3d104s2
- Xc nh tn nt? Cho bit cc nguyn t trn c bao nhiu e c
thn?

- Nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him?

24.Phn lp e ngoi cng ca hai nguyn t A v B ln lt l 3p v 4s. Tng s e ca hai
phn lp l 5 v hiu s e ca hai phn lp l 3.
a. Vit cu hnh e ca chng, xc nh s hiu nguyn t, tm tn nguyn t.
b. Hai nguyn t c s n hn km nhau 4 ht v c tng khi lng nguyn t l 71
vC. Tnh s n v s khi mi nguyn t.
25.Cu hnh e ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 5p 5. T l s notron v in tch ht nhn
bng 1,3962. S notron trong nguyn t X gp 3,7 ln s notron ca nguyn t Y. Khi
cho 1,0725g Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 4,565 gam sn phm c cng thc XY.
a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X?
b. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi, tn gi ca X, Y?
c. X, Y cht no l kim loi, l phi kim?
26.Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l A chim 92,3%, B chim 4,7%, C chim 3%. Tng s hki
ca 3 ng v l 87. S ntron trong B nhiu hn A mt ht. Khi lng nguyn t trung
bnh ca X l 28,107 u.
a. Hy tm s khi ca A, B ,C.
b. Nu trong A c s n = s p. Hy tm s ntron trong mi ng v.
27.Nguyn t X c 3 lp electron. Lp th 3 c 4 electron.
a) Nguyn t X c bao nhiu electron ? Bao nhiu proton ?
b) S hiu nguyn t ca X l bao nhiu?
28.Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t c Z = 21, 23, 26, 28. Nhng nguyn t no l
kim loi, phi kim hay kh him?