8 P.

10 S.P

: computer structure
.

:


"
: "
.
:
.1 .

.
.2 ( )

{ } {
.
}
.

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

:
-

.
-

-
+ -

+ -
:

( ) ( )
:

RAM - ROM - SAM

- -

.1 . Input
.2 : Information Processing

bit - byte - BIOS

.


.

main
: memory
RAM
:
.
Access
:
time
Address Data

.
.
RAM CPU
2

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

RAM Address bus RAM

.
Data Address

.

RAM
Bus

Data Bus

Address

CPU
: ( )
( Data 8 1 byte = 8 bit

Address

)
01010011
10100110

00
01

RAM ( )
( 0
.
( )

.
) Data

.
( ) RAM
RAM (
) SAM
] [ SAM:Sequence Access Memory
(
) SAM
:

2
.
2 3 . 3
ROM
:
.

: BIOS
:

] [ BIOS : Basic Input Output System

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

1: : B-
C-2
D-3
E-4
* : RAM
1
*
2

A-0

: RAM

* : SAM
3

*
4

SAM

*
5

: RAM

*
6

: SAM
1-A\2-B\3-B\4-C\5-A\6-D

. . .
. .
. .
.
. .
2: .C - A+B

B - SAM

A - RAM

output .
:
.3
storage
:
.4

.



.
{
}

Input Unit

:

.
Data

Informations

Instructions
: ( ) .
4

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

( .) . :

: keyboard .

.

]
:
[ keyboard controller
mother board
( 8 )
.

< - - typing keys
- - )function1(F1

>. tab ,shift

150 256
8 : 28 = 256 : 2 ( )

.
: Mouse cursor
,

.

:

.


.

] [ Mouse Driver .
: Pen ( )
. PDAs

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

:Touch screen
.[ATM:Automated Teller Machine] :ATMs
.
Game
:
controller/Joy Stick
.
: Image scanner

.

.
[ BCR : Bar Code Reader ] : BCR

.
(
.

)
.


BCR .
: Microphone
.
Audiovisual
:
input devices

.

.

.

: Digital cameras the

negative [JPG: Joint Photographic Experts
.

.
.
] Group

[ 3gp : 3G phones-video

] format for mobile phones : Cards :

Smart
:
# cards

.
6

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

Kimball
:
#

.
.
Badges
:
#
credit cards
.

: Output Unit

( )

( )
/ /

:

( Monitor : ) screen .
screen
.Monitor
. .

,

Video video
.
Display Unit
( card ).
:


80 . 24
.
. (pixel)
[ HD : High Definition ]

[ FHD : Full High Definition ] .

,

16 .
:

Red Blood Cells

)SMILE & ENJOY STUDYING :

..

[: CRT : Cathode Ray Tube ] , ( )
( )

.
] [ RGB : red,green,blue

.

-

[LCD
:
] : Liquid Crystal Display

.
.

] [: LED : Light Emitting Diode Plasma LED .

LCD .
.
] [: PDP : Plasma Display Panel .
. Data Projectors

.
: Sound system
-1

sound
:
card

.
( )
.
-2 . speakers

-3 . head phones

Headsets microphone
headphone

Keyboard controller
Mouse Driver
Video card
Sound card

Red Blood Cells