Chuong1 PDF

dce
2007
K thut Truyn s liu

BK
TP.HCM
TS. INH C ANH V

http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~anhvu
dce
2007
Gii thiu mn hc
ng lc
Mc ch
Sinh vin chuyn ngnh CE, c kin thc v thit k mch, cu trc my tnh, ngn ng lp trnh cp
cao
K s chuyn ngnh
nh gi
Gii thiu cc khi nim, thut ng v cc phng php tip cn c dng trong cc h thng
truyn d liu
Hiu vic truyn s liu gia 2 thit b v cc vn lin quan
Hiu vic truyn d liu qua mng gia 2 thit b thng qua mt nghi thc giao tip
Gii thiu mt s mng truyn s liu c s dng hin nay
i tng
S pht trin v bo ca cc ng dng my tnh

S cn thit ca vic trao i thng tin gia cc ni, gia cc my tnh
Kim tra gia k: 20%

Kim tra cui k: 80%
Phng php: ???
http://www.cse.hcmut.edu.vn/~anhvu
Data Communication and Computer Networks
2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu
dce
2007
Ni dung mn hc
Gii thiu v KT Truyn S Liu

Mi trng truyn
Cc vn c bn trong Truyn S Liu
Cc nghi thc sa li
Mt s nghi thc cp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh chuyn mch mch
Cng ngh chuyn mch gi
Nghi thc ATM v mng B-ISDN
dce
2007
Ti liu tham kho
Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems Fred Halsall

Data and Computer Communications William Stallings
ISDN & B-ISDN William Stallings

ATM Foundations for Broadband Networks Uyless Black
Data Communications William L. Schweber
Data communications and teleprocessing systems Trevor Housley
Data communication technology James Martin
Cng ngh ATM v CDMA LG Information & Communications
Lecture notes for M.Sc. Data Communication Networks and Distributed Systems
D51 -- Basic Communications and Networks - Saleem N. Bhatti - Department of
Computer Science - University College London - October 1994
Lecture notes for DATA COMMUNICATIONS, v4.0 Brian Brown, 1995-2001.
Fiber Optics Communication and Other Applications Henry Zanger & Cynthia
Zanger.
Wireless Networked Communications Concepts, Technology and Implementation
Regis J. Bates.
Practical digital and data communications with LSI applications Paul Bates
dce
2007
Chng 1
Gii thiu v KT Truyn s liu

BK
TP.HCM
ng dng truyn d liu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu
Truyn s liu
Mng truyn s liu
Kin trc truyn s liu dng my tnh
dce
2007
ng dng truyn s liu

Destination System
Source System
Source
Transmitter
Transmission
System
Receiver
Destination
S o khoi tong quat (mo hnh Shannon)
ng dng d liu
ng dng m thanh, ting ni
ng dng video
ng dng thi gian thc
V du
dce
2007
M hnh h thng truyn d liu

H thng truyn d liu l g?
D liu: biu din s liu, khi nim, di dng thch
hp cho vic giao tip, x l, din gii
Thng tin: ngha c gn cho d liu
Tp hp cc thit b c kt ni thng qua mt mi
trng truyn dn
dce
2007
Tc v ca h thng truyn d liu

Tc v chnh
S dng h thng truyn dn

Giao tip
To tn hiu
ng b
Qun l vic trao i d liu
iu khin dng d liu
Pht hin v sa li
nh v a ch v tm ng
Khi phc
nh dng thng bo
Bo mt
Qun tr mng
dce
2007
H thng truyn d liu

Ti sao phi dng h thng truyn d liu
Chia x ti nguyn
My in
a/bng t
Cng sut tnh ton
Tp hp d liu
Phn tn ti
Tnh ton song song
Tnh ton theo m hnh client-server
Fault tolerance
Trao i thng tin

Giao dch c s d liu
Th in t
Phn tn d liu trn mng lu tr

dce
2007
Truyn s liu
Destination System
Source System
Source
Transmitter
Transmission
System
Receiver
Destination
Lin quan n cc vn truyn d liu s dng th
Truyn dn d liu (data transmission)

M ha d liu (data encoding)
K thut trao i d liu s (digital data communication)
iu khin lin kt d liu (data link control)
Phn hp (multiplexing)
Lin kt (link) hoc mch (circuit)
Knh (channel)
10
dce
2007
Mng truyn s liu

Wide-Area
Network
Giao tip im-im thng

khng thc t
Cc thit b cch xa nhau
S kt ni tng ng k khi s
cc thit b cn giao tip ln
mng truyn s liu
Source system
Source
Switching
node
Phn loi da vo phm vi

hot ng
Mng cc b (Local-Area
Networks LAN)
Mng din rng (Wide-Area
Networks WAN)
Trans
mitter
Destination system
Trans
mission
System
Receiver
Dest
ination
Local-Area
Network
11
dce
2007
Mng truyn s liu

Mng cc b LAN
c im
Kt ni cc thit b cng t chc

Tc cao
Thng dng h thng broadcast
H thng chuyn mch v ATM ang c ng dng
Cu hnh
Chuyn mch
Ethernet chuyn mch (mt hoc nhiu b chuyn mch)
ATM LAN
Fibre channel
Khng dy
C ng
D dng ci t
12
dce
2007
Mng truyn s liu

Mng din rng WAN
Khc nh th no so vi mng LAN?
Trin khai theo din rng
Da vo cc mch truyn dn cng cng
Cng ngh
Chuyn mch mch (circuit-switching)
ng truyn dn dnh ring gia 2 node mng
Chuyn mch gi (packet-switching)

Khng c dnh ring ng truyn dn
Mi gi i theo ng khc nhau
Chi ph ng truyn cao khc phc cc li truyn dn
Frame Relay
c dng trong chuyn mch gi c xc sut li thp
ATM
Ch truyn bt ng b (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
Dng cc gi c kch thc c nh (gi l cell)
ISDN
Mng s cc dch v tch hp (Integrated Services Digital Network)
13
dce
2007
Mng truyn s liu

Mt cch phn loi khc
Da vo kin trc v k thut dng trao i d
liu
Mng chuyn mch (switched networks)
Mng chuyn mch mch (circuit switching network)
Mng chuyn mch gi (packet switching network)
Mng pht tn (broadcast networks)

Mng radio gi (packet radio network)
Mng v tinh (satellite network)
Mng cc b (local network)
14
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2007
Cu hnh mng
15
dce
2007
Kin trc truyn thng my tnh

Tc v giao tip c phn nh thnh cc mun
Cc moun c hin thc trn cc lp khc nhau (trn c 2 h thng)
Giao tip ng ng
ng dng truyn file
Ngun thit lp kt ni (bo cho mng bit u l ch)
Ngun m bo ch sn sng nhn d liu
ng dng truyn file trn h/t ngun phi m bo chng trnh qun l file
trn h/t ch sn sng nhn v lu tr file
Nu nh dng file dng trn 2 h/t khng tng thch, mt hoc c 2 h/t phi
thc hin chc nng chuyn i
V d truyn file dng my tnh

Truyn file
Dch v giao tip
Truy xut mng
Computer I
Computer II
Application process
User-to-user
communication
Application process
Communication
subsystem
Computer-to-computer
communication
Communication
subsystem
Computer-to-network communication
Data communication network

16
dce
2007
Nghi thc giao tip (giao thc)

Dng giao tip gia cc
thc th trong mt h thng
Thc th
C kh nng gi/nhn thng
tin
ng dng ngi dng
Th in t
Thit b u cui
H thng
i tng vt l, cha mt
hoc nhiu thc th
My tnh
Thit b u cui
Cm bin t xa
Cc thnh phn chnh ca

mt nghi thc giao tip
Ng php (syntax)
nh dng d liu
Mc tn hiu
Ng ngha (semantic)
Thng tin iu khin
X l li
nh thi (timing)
ng b
Tun t
Phi cng ni mt ngn

ng
17
dce
2007
Tiu chun ha
Cn thit cho cc tc v lin thng gia cc thit b

Cc t chc chun ha
Internet Society (ISOC): cng ng cc t chc v c nhn lin quan n vic nh a
ch ca internet (bao gm c IETF, IAB)
Electronics Industries Association EIA: hip hi cc nh sn xut M, a ra chun
RS232 v cc chun tng t
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEEE (http://www.ieee.org): t chc nh
ngh ca cc k s in-in t (IEEE-754: chun cho s chm ng)
International Telecommunications Union ITU (http://www.itu.ch): iu phi cc chun
tm quc t, cp pht tn s vin thng v tinh
American National Standards Institute ANSI (http://www.ansi.org): i din cho mt s t
chc chun ha M (chun cho k t ASCII)
International Organization for Standardization ISO (http://www.iso.ch): c nhiu chun
lin quan n my tnh, i din M l ANSI (ISO9000 l chun m bo cht lng)
u im
Bo m th trng ln cho cc thit b v cc phn mm
Cho php cc sn phm ca cc nh cung cp c th giao tip vi nhau
Nhc im
Hn ch s pht trin cng ngh
C th c nhiu chun cho cng mt cng ngh
18
dce
2007
Tiu chun ha
H thng kn (s hu ring)
c nh ngha bi mt vi nh sn xut my tnh
Ch lin quan n vic truyn d liu trong mt my tnh hoc gia my tnh vi cc
thit b ngoi vi
H thng nhiu nh cung cp (thng mi ha)
c nh ngha bi mt s nh cung cp dch v vin thng

SNA (IBM), IPX (Novel), ...
V-series: kt ni gia DTE v modem kt ni vi PSTN
X-series: kt ni gia DTE v PSDN
I-series: kt ni gia DTE v ISDN
H thng DoD
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
H thng m
c nh ngha bi ISO
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
19
dce
2007
M hnh 3 lp
Network Access Layer
Trao i d liu gia my tnh v mng

My tnh ngun cung cp a ch ch
C th c cc mc dch v
Ty thuc vo lai mng ang dng (LAN, chuyn mch
gi, )
Transport Layer
Trao i d liu tin cy
c lp vi mng ang dng
c lp vi ng dng
Application Layer
H tr cc ng dng ngi dng khc nhau (e.g. e-mail,
file transfer)
20
dce
2007
Kin trc nghi thc v mng

2 mc a ch
Mi my tnh
cn 1 a ch
mng duy nht
Mi ng dng
trong mt my
tnh cn 1 a
ch duy nht
(trong my)
Service Access Point
Network Address
Computer A
Service Access
Point (SAP)
Port /v m
hnh TCP/IP
Computer C
Computer B
21
dce
2007
Nghi thc trong m hnh 3 lp

Computer X
Computer Y
Application Protocol
Transport Protocol
Network access
protocol
Network access
protocol
22
dce
2007
Protocol Data Units (PDU)

Ti mi lp, ngi ta dng cc nghi thc giao tip
Thng tin iu khin c thm vo d liu ngi dng ti
mi lp
Lp Transport c th phn on d liu ngi dng
Mi phn on c mt header cha
SAP ch
S tun t
M pht hin sai
Application Data
Transport
header
Transport
Protocol Data Units
Transport
header
Network
Protocol Data Units
(packages)
Network
header
Network
header
23
dce
2007
Network PDU
Thm header mng cha
a ch mng ca my ch
Yu cu dch v
Source X
Destination Y
Application
Record
Transport
Record
DSAP
DSAP
Application
Transport
Transport PDU
Network
access
DHost
DHost
Network
access
Packet
24
dce
2007
Kin trc nghi thc c chun ha
Cn thit cc thit b trao i d liu

Cc nh cung cp c nhiu sn phm
Khch hng c th i hi thit b hp chun
2 chun thng dng
M hnh OSI
M hnh TCP/IP
Dng thng dng nht
Ngoi ra cn c Systems Network

Architecture (SNA) ca IBM
25
dce
2007
M hnh DoD
Pht trin bi DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) cho mng
chuyn mch gi ARPANET (sau ny l Internet)
Sp xp phn cp ca cc thc th c kh nng giao tip vi cc thc th ngang
cp trong mt h thng khc
Trong mt h thng, mt thc th cung cp dch v cho cc thc th khc v cng
s dng dch v ca cc thc th khc
Nhn mnh vo s kt ni lin mng, ngha l, khi 2 thc th giao tip khng ni
chung mt mng
Quan tm c h thng hng n kt ni v khng kt ni
Bao gm cc ng dng: trao i file (FTP, RCP), m phng terminal (telnet,
rlogin), chia x v truy cp file phn tn (NFS), thc thi lnh t xa (rsh, rexec), in
n t xa (lpr), 802.X, X.25, mail (SMTP), qun tr mng (NSP, SNMP)
TCP/IP c pht trin ng thi vi m hnh ISO
Khng cha cc nghi thc lin quan n cc lp trong m hnh ISO
Hu ht cc chc nng ca m hnh ISO c tch hp trong TCP/IP
Khng phi m hnh chnh thc, nhng l mt m hnh thc tin
Lp ng dng
Lp vn chuyn (giao tip gia cc thit b)
Lp Internet
Lp truy xut mng
Lp vt l
26
dce
2007
M hnh kin trc giao thc TCP/IP

Destination System
Source System
Source
Transmitter
Transmission
System
Receiver
Destination
27
dce
2007
Khi nim TCP/IP
28
dce
2007
Mc a ch
a ch duy nht cho mi h thng u cui v router
a ch lp mng
a ch IP hoc a ch internet (TCP/IP)
Network service access point
(NSAP OSI)
Qu trnh trong h thng

Port number (TCP/IP)
Service access point (SAP OSI)
Mt hot ng n gin
Qu trnh gn vi port 1 trong my A gi thng bo ti port 2 trong
my B
Qu trnh trong my A chuyn message ti TCP gi ti my B
TCP chuyn xung IP gi cho my B
IP chuyn xung lp mng (e.g. Ethernet) gi ti router J
To ra tp cc PDU c bao bc
29
dce
2007
Dng d liu trong TCP/IP

User Data
Application
Application
User Data
Header
TCP
TCP Header
Application Data
IP
TCP segment
IP Header TCP Header
Application Data
Ethernet
Driver
IP datagram
Ethernet
Header
14
IP Header TCP Header

20
Application Data
20
Ethernet
Trailer
4
Ethernet
Ethernet Frame
46 1500 bytes
30
dce
2007
M hnh giao tip dng TCP/IP

FTP
Client
FTP
Protocol
FTP
Server
TCP
TCP
Protocol
TCP
IP
IP
Protocol
Ethernet
Driver
Ethernet
Protocol
IP
Ethernet
Driver
Token Ring
Driver
IP
Protocol
IP
Token Ring
Protocol
Token Ring
Driver
Router
Ethernet
Token Ring
31
dce
2007
Vi nghi thc trong m hnh TCP/IP
BGP = Border Gateway Protocol

FTP = File Transfer Protocol
HTTP = Hypertext Transfer Protocol
ICMP = Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP = Internet Group Management Protocol
IP = Internet Protocol
MIME = Multi-purpose Internet Mail Extension
OSPF = Open Shortest Path First

RSVP = Resource ReSerVation Protocol
SNMP = Simple Network Management Protocol
SNTP = Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
TCP = Transmission Control Protocol
UDP = User Datagram Protocol
32
M hnh mng ISO/OSI

H thng l thuyt ra i
qu tr
Real system environment
TCP/IP ang l tiu chun

thc tin
7 lp
ng dng (application)
Trnh by (presentation)
Giao dch (session)
Vn chuyn (transport)
Mng (network)
Lin kt d liu (data link)
Vt l (physical)
Application Layer
OSI environment
2007
Presentation Layer
Session Layer
Transport Layer
Network environment
dce
Network Layer
Datalink Layer
Physical Layer
33
dce
2007
M hnh mng ISO/OSI

Layer 7
Application
Service to
Layer N+1
Total
Communication
Function
Layer N
Layer N entity
Decompose
(modularity,
information-hiding)
Protocol with
peer Layer N
Service from
Layer N-1
Layer 1
Physical
OSI-wide standards
(e.g. network management, security)
34
dce
2007
M hnh mng ISO/OSI

Service Definition
(Functional description
for internal use)
Addressing
(Service Access Point)
Layer N
Protocol Specification
(Precise syntax and
semantics for
interoperability)
35
dce
2007
M hnh mng ISO/OSI
Application
Presentation
Physical
Session
Virtual link for end-to-end messages
Transport
Data Link
Presentation
Virtual session
Session
Network
Application
Virtual network service
Transport
Virtual link for end-to-end packages

Virtual link
Virtual
bit pipe
Network
for reliable packages
Network
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical
Physical link
External
site
Subnet
node
Subnet
node
External
site
36
dce
2007
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp ng dng
Cung cp cho cc ng dng cc dch v truy cp mng
Lp trnh by
Cung cp nh dng d liu c dng truyn d liu gia cc
my tnh ni mng (chuyn i m k t, mt m d liu, nn d liu,
)
Lp giao dch
Cung cp cu trc iu khin truyn s liu gia cc ng dng (tr
gip tng i, quyn truy cp, chc nng tnh cc, )
Cho php 2 my tnh to, s dng v xa kt ni
C kh nng nhn dng tn v cc chc nng khc (security) cn thit
cho 2 my tnh ni kt qua mng
Quan tm n cc lp di (t lp vn chuyn tr xung)
Cc lp trn c tch hp trong h iu hnh v khng cn thit phi

chun ha
37
dce
2007
Lp hng ti ng dng
Lp vn chuyn
Cung cp dch v thng bo end-to-end cho cc lp trn
Cung cp ng ng vn chuyn gi end-to-end cho lp vn chuyn
Bo m d liu c truyn khng c li, theo th t v khng mt
mt, ngt qung hoc d tha
Chu trch nhim ng gi d liu t mt thng bo ln thnh nhiu
thng bo kch thc nh hn gi i v tp hp cc thng bo nh
thnh mt thng bo ban u khi nhn c (c kh nng a hp)
Ngt thng bo thnh cc gi nh (c kch thc thch hp) v tp hp
cc gi cho lp mng
a hp cc giao dch vi cng cc node ngun/ch
Ti lp th t cc gi ti ch n
Khi phc li, h hng
iu khin dng t ngun n ch v ngc li
38
dce
2007
Lp ph thuc mi trng truyn

Lp mng
Trung chuyn cc gi
gia lp vn chuyn v
lp lin kt d liu
nh a ch gi v dch
a ch lun l thnh a
ch vt l
Tm ng kt ni vi
my tnh khc thng qua
mng
Mi node cha mt
moun lp mng cng
vi mt moun lp lin
kt d liu cho mt lin
kt
Transport
layer
Network
layer
DLC layer
link 1
DLC layer
link 2
DLC layer
link 3
39
dce
2007

Lp lin kt d liu
Chu trch nhim truyn dn mt cch tin cy
(error-free) cc gi d liu ca lp mng thng
qua mt lin kt n
ng khung: xc nh u v cui cc gi
Pht hin li: xc nh gi no c li ng truyn
Sa li: c ch truyn li (Automatic Repeat Request
ARQ)
40
dce
2007

Lp vt l
iu khin vic truyn d liu (chui cc bit) thc s trn cp/mng
nh ngha tn hiu in, trng thi ng truyn, m ha thng tin v
kiu kt ni c s dng
Thi gian tr truyn
Thi gian t/h truyn t ngun n ch
T/h truyn vi vn tc xp x vn tc nh sng C=3.108 m/s
V d
v tinh GEO d=40.000km tr truyn 1/8 s;
cp Ethernet d=1km tr truyn 3s
Li truyn
Suy gim cng sut t/h
Suy gim do nhiu
M hnh knh truyn n gin: knh nh phn i xng (Binary Symetric
Channel)
P: xc sut li 1 bit
Li xy ra c lp
Thc t, li xy ra thnh chm
41
dce
2007
Truyn d liu trong mng OSI

Computer I
Computer II
Application process
Application process
Application layer
Application layer
Presentation layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Session layer
Transport layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Network layer
Datalink layer
Datalink layer
Physical layer
Physical layer
Data network
Network environment
OSI environment
Real systems environment
42
dce
2007
Dng d liu trong m hnh OSI

Outgoing PDU
construction
App. X
Incomming PDU
reduction
App. Y
AH
PH
SH
TH
NH
LH
LT
Communication
path
(i.e. point-to-point
link, network)
43
dce
2007
So snh OSI v TCP/IP

OSI
TCP/IP
Application
Presentation
Application
User
space
Session
Transport
Network
Software
Transport
(host-to-host)
Firmware
Internet
Data link
Network
Access
Physical
Physical
Hardware
Operating
system
44
dce
2007
So snh m hnh OSI v TCP/IP

OSI Reference Model
Layer
Function
Application
TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Protocol
DNS
Telnet
Presentation
Session
FTP
TFTP
SMTP
Others
TCP
4
Transport
Network
Datalink
IP
Ethernet
7
UDP
ICMP
ARP
TokenRing
RARP
Other
Physical
45
dce
2007
c thm
W. Stallings, Data and Computer
Communications (7th edition), Prentice Hall
2004, chapter 1
Web sites for IETF, IEEE, ITU-T, ISO
Internet Requests for Comment (RFCs)
Usenet News groups
comp.dcom.*
comp.protocols.tcp-ip
46

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dce

K thut Truyn s liu

TS. INH C ANH V

S pht trin v bo ca cc ng dng my tnh

Kim tra gia k: 20%

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Gii thiu v KT Truyn S Liu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Ti liu tham kho

Data Communications, Computer Networks and Open Systems Fred Halsall

ISDN & B-ISDN William Stallings

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Gii thiu v KT Truyn s liu

ng dng truyn d liu

ng dng truyn s liu

S o khoi tong quat (mo hnh Shannon)

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

M hnh h thng truyn d liu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Tc v ca h thng truyn d liu

S dng h thng truyn dn

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

H thng truyn d liu

Trao i thng tin

Phn tn d liu trn mng lu tr

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Lin quan n cc vn truyn d liu s dng th

Truyn dn d liu (data transmission)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Giao tip im-im thng

mng truyn s liu

Phn loi da vo phm vi

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Kt ni cc thit b cng t chc

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Chuyn mch gi (packet-switching)

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Mng truyn s liu

Mng pht tn (broadcast networks)

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Data Communication and Computer Networks

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Kin trc truyn thng my tnh

V d truyn file dng my tnh

Data communication network

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Nghi thc giao tip (giao thc)

Cc thnh phn chnh ca

Phi cng ni mt ngn

2007, Dr. Dinh Duc Anh Vu

Cn thit cho cc tc v lin thng gia cc thit b

Data Communication and Computer Networks