Survey Camp

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tk
OG
CE-2357 SURVEY CAMP
NAME
---
BL
A SURVEY CAMP REPORT

SUBMITTED BY
Reg no.
NA
C
IV
IL
In partial fulfilment for the award of degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
AN
College Name
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025

APRIL 2012
DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk
OG
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this survey camp report is the bonafide work of
NAME
---
Reg no.
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
Who carried out this survey camp work under my supervision.
Name
Department of civil Engineering,
Department of civil Engineering,
AN
Head of the department,
Name
Assistant Professor,
INTERNAL EXAMINER
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
OG
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
BL
This report is an outcome of our work done in 7 days, organised by our college Sree Sastha
Institute Of Engineering & Technology during the month of February & March 2012.Nearly 64 students
accompanied by 7 Assistant professors made this camp a great success. As planned earlier, we were able to
complete 10 experiments in the given time. It all started in a place that was addressed as Golden star
properties ,Thandalam Village, Near Saveetha Engg College, Kanchipuram District. Pin : 631 604. The
place was the best choice to perform our experiments as it had all the requirements. The best thing was that,
the land covered many acres thus there was no clash between instruments of different batches. We were
taken there for first 5 days to finish 6 experiments with the help of our Assistant professors. The equipments
given were in good condition which helped us to complete the given task easily.
Then in the 6th day of our camp we were made to survey in a hilly place named as Thiruneermalai.
Thiruneermalai is a panchayat town in Kancheepuram district. It has a hill, and a temple on that hill, where
we were made to perform our survey. It was a good experience that no one would forget. We would also like
to thank those people who let us perform our experiment in that place.
IL
On the final day of our camp we were to perform our final survey in our college that made things
easier with a lot of comfort .
IV
We students of civil department would like to thank our Assistant professors

Mr.B. Kannadasan , Mrs.R. Banu Priya , Mrs.S.Archana , Mr.K. Sathish kumar , Mr.P. Selva kumar
Mrs.A. Lavanya , Mrs.B. Krishnakumari , who took great care of us by giving all necessary things
which was required. Our Head of the department Dr.B. Hemalatha , requires a special mention for
her great support and who helped us indirectly to reach our goal. We also take great pleasure to
thank our management for making this camp a great success and we would also like to thank our
college mess for providing us with good lunch as expected.
AN
NA
C
This report is the outcome of our huge and continuous efforts for about a month including the survey
period.
OG
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1. TRIANGULATION
2. TRILATERATION
IL
3. PROFILE LEVELLING
01
18
BL
1A .SINGLE CHAIN METHOD

1B. DOUBLE CHAIN METHOD
39
47
56
5. RADIAL CONTOUR
73
6. DOUBLE THEODOLITE
78
NA
C
IV
4. GRID LEVELLING
84
8. FOUNDATION MARKING
89
9. TOTAL STATION
94
AN
7. TACHEOMETRIC METHOD
BL
OG
IL
TRIANGULATION
AN
NA
C
IV
(SINGLE CHAIN METHOD)

TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION
OG
The method of surveying called triangulation is based on the trigonometric proposition that if one side and
two angles of a triangle are known, the remaining sides can be computed.. The vertices of the triangles are known as
triangulation stations. The side of the triangle whose length is predetermined, is called the base line.
A trilateration system also consists of a series of joined or overlapping triangles. However, for trilateration the
lengths of all the sides of the triangle are measured and few directions or angles are measured to establish azimuth.
Trilateration has become feasible with the development of electronic distance measuring (EDM) equipment which has
made possible the measurement of all lengths with high order of accuracy under almost all field conditions
BL
OBJECTIVE OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SURVEYS

The main objective of triangulation or trilateration surveys is to provide a number of stations
whose relative and absolute positions, horizontal as well as vertical, are accurately established.
More detailed location or engineering survey are then carried out from these stations.
The triangulation surveys are carried out
(i) To establish accurate control for plane and geodetic surveys of large areas, by terrestrial
methods,
(ii) To establish accurate control for photogrammetric surveys of large areas,
(iii) To assist in the determination of the size and shape of the earth by making observations for
Latitude, longitude and gravity
IV
IL
CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SYSTEM

1. First order :
Determine the shape and size of the earth or to cover a vast area
2. second-order:
This consists of a network within a first-order triangulation.
3. Third order:
It is a framework fixed within and connected to a second-order triangulation system
to immediate control for locating surveys
NA
C
LAYOUT FOR TRIANGULATION:

The triangles in a triangulation system can be arranged in a number of ways. Some of the
commonly used arrangements, also called layouts, are as follows :
1. Single chain of triangles
2. Double chain of triangles
3. Braced quadrilaterals
4. Centered triangles and polygons
5. A combination of above systems.
AN
Single chain of triangles:

When the control points are required to be established in a narrow strip of terrain such as a
valley between ridges, a layout consisting of single chain of triangles. It does not involve
observations of long diagonals.This system does not provide any check on the accuracy of
observations.
OG
Double chain of triangles:

This arrangement is used for covering the larger width of a belt. This system also has
disadvantages of single chain of triangles system.
A
B
BL
IV
IL
Braced quadrilaterals
A triangulation system consisting of figures containing four corner stations and observed
diagonals. This system is treated to be the strongest and the best arrangement of triangles, and it
provides a means of computing the lengths of the sides using different combinations of sides and
angles.
NA
C
Centered triangles and polygons
AN
A triangulation system which consists of figures containing interior stations in triangle and
polygon is known as centered triangles and polygons..
Though this system provides checks on the accuracy of the work, generally it is not as
strong as the braced quadrilateral arrangement. Moreover, the progress of work is quite slow due
to the fact that more settings of the instrument are required.
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
DOUBLE CHAIN METHOD
OG
DETERMINATION OF AREA BY SIMPLE

TRIANGULATION METHOD
AIM:
To determine the area of the given plot using the method of triangulation.
DESCRIPTION:
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
Theodolite with tripod stand
Ranging rod
Tape
Arrow.
IL
NA
C
IV
FORMULA USED:
Sine Formula:
BL
Triangulation is the process of establishing horizontal control in the surveying. The

triangulation system consist of number of inter connected triangles in which the length of the base
line and the triangle are measured very precisely.
For calculating the sides of a triangle,

AB2 = AC2 + BC2 2* AC* BC* COS
- Angle between ACB
TO FIND AREA
(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
AN
A =
s = (a + b + c) / 2

PROCEDURE:
The base line is selected and marked as P and Q at 25 m distance apart.
The other station points namely A,B,C,D where selected around the base line PQ.
Ranging rods are fixed at each point.
Now the instrument is placed over the station P and all other adjustments were
made.
5. Then from P the ranging rod at the station Q is sighted and angles were noted
keeping the instrument. At face left
6. Similarly from station P all the other points were sighted and the angles were
measured.
7. After that the angles were noted by changing the face of the instrument to face right.
8. Then the instrument is shifted to station Q and the initial adjustments are done.
9. Repeat the same procedure carried out at the station P and the angles were
recorded.
10. The interior angles were calculated and drawings are drawn.
11. Areas are calculated using the formula.
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
1.
2.
3.
4.
C=180-( A+
B)
BL
TRIANGLE
OG
CALCULATION:
8000
73015
265945
BI 2 I 3
8609
80405
131948
CI 3 I 4
90400
71405
173955
DI 4 I 5
7500
95010
95950
E I5 I6
804015
37408
613937
804010
71010
281940
80010
774015
221935
E I 6 I 5
NA
C
DÌ 5 I 4
IV
IL
AI 1 I 2
802012
78405
205943
BÌ 3 I 2
8800
8300
900
AB I 2
8609
73015
205936
BC I 3
90400
80405
83955
CDI 4
7500
71405
331955
DE I 5
804015
95010
41935
E`D` I 5
80010
71010
285940
C`D` I 4
802012
774015
215933
C`B` I 3
8800
78405
131955
A`B` I 2
72015
8300
425945
AN
CÌ 3 I 4

TO FIND THE DIMENSIONS OF THE SIDES:
5
=
sin265915
AI 2
sin8000
AI 1
sin73015
BL
AI2 = 10.85 m
AI1 = 10.53 m
OG
IN AI 1 I 2
IN BI 2 I 3
BI2
sin 804015
sin 8609
IV
BI 2 = 21.4 m
BI 3 = 21.63 m
BI 3
IL
5
=
sin131946
NA
C
IN CI 3 I 4
5
=
Sin173955
CI 3
sin71405
CI 4
sin 90400
AN
CI3 = 15.64 m
CI4 = 16.48 m

IN DI 4 I 5
DI 4
sin95010
DI 5
sin7500
BL
DI4 = 28.69 m
D I5 = 27.82 m
OG
5
=
sin 95950
IN EI 5 I 6
EI 5
sin37408
EI 6
IL
5
=
sin 613937
sin804015
NA
C
IV
EI5 = 3.47 m
E I6 = 5.60 m
IN EI 6 I 5
5
=
sin 281940
EI 5
sin804010
EI 6
sin71010
AN
EI 5 = 10.39 m
E I 6 = 9.96 m

IN DÌ 5 I 4
5
=
sin 221935
DÌ4
sin 774015
OG
sin80010
DÌ 5
IN CÌ 3 I 4
5
=
Sin205943
CÌ 3
sin 802012
CÌ 4
sin78405
IL
CÌ 3 = 13.75 m
CÌ 4 = 13.68 m
IV
IN BÌ 3 I 2
BÌ 3
sin8300
BÌ 2
sin8800
NA
C
5
sin 900
BL
DÌ 4 = 12.96 m
DÌ 5 = 12.85 m
BÌ 3 = 31.72 m
BÌ 2 = 31.94 m
IN AÌ 1 I 2
AÌ2
sin91405
AN
5
=
sin 161940
AÌ 1
sin72015
AÌ 2 = 17.77 m
AI 1 = 16.91 m
BL
AB2 = AI 2 2 + BI 2 2 2* AI 2 * BI 2 * COS
AB2 = 10.85 + 21.4 - 2*10.85*21.4*COS 205936
AB = 11.92 m
OG
TO FIND HORIZONTAL DISTANCE:
NA
C
IV
IL
BC2 = BI 3 2 + CI 3 2 2* BI 3 * CI 3 * COS
BC2 = 21.63 + 15.64 - 2*21.63*15.64*COS 83945
BC = 6.6 m
AN
CD2 = CI 4 2 + DI 4 2 2* CI 4 * DI 4 * COS
CD2 = 16.48 + 28.69 - 2*16.48*28.69*COS 331953
CD =17.45 m
BL
ED2 = EI 4 2 + DI 4 2 2* EI 4 * DI 4 * COS
ED2 = 12.86 + 0.77 - 2*12.86*0.77*COS 285940
ED = 12.19 m
OG
DE2 = DI 4 2 + EI 4 2 2* DI 4 * EI 4 * COS
DE2 = 27.82 + 8.26 - 2*27.82*8.26*COS 41935
DE = 24.57 m
IV
IL
C`D`2 = CÌ 4 2 + DÌ 4 2 2* CÌ 4 * DÌ 4 * COS

C`D`2 = 13.68 + 12.96 - 2*13.68*12.96*COS 215933
C`D` = 5.13 m
AN
NA
C
B`C`2 = BÌ 3 2 + CÌ 3 2 2* BÌ 3 * CÌ 3 * COS

B`C`2 = 31.72 + 13.76 - 2*31.72*13.76*COS 131955
B`C` =18.6 m
A`B`2 = AÌ 2 2 + BÌ 2 2 2* AÌ 2 * BÌ 2 * COS

A`B`2 = 17.78 + 31.94 - 2*17.78*31.94*COS 245945
A`B` =17.52 m

TO FIND AREA:
IN AI 1 I 2
OG
s = (a + b + c) / 2
A = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
s = (10.85 +10.53 +5 ) / 2
s = 13.19m
A 1 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 1 = 25.93 m2
IN ABI 2
BL
s = ( 21.4+11.92 +10.85 ) / 2
s = 22.085 m
A 2 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 2 = 41.56 m2
IN BCI 3
s = ( 21.63+15.64+6.6 ) / 2
s = 21.935 m
A 4 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 4 = 25.41m2
NA
C
IN CI 3 I 4
IV
s = (5+21.4+21.63) / 2
s = 24.015 m
A 3 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 3 = 53.37 m2
IL
IN BI 2 I 3
s = (16.48+15.64 +5 ) / 2
s = 18.56 m
A 5 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 5 = 39.1 m2
IN CDI 4
AN
s = (16.48+28.69+17.45 ) / 2
s = 31.31 m
A 6 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 6 = 129.85 m2
IN DI 4 I 5
s = (5+28.69+27.82 ) / 2
s = 30.75 m
A 7 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 7 = 69.29 m2

IN DE I 5
OG
s = (24.57+27.82+3.47) / 2
s = 30.325 m
A 8 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 8 = 98.22 m2
IN EI 5 I 6
BL
s = (3.26+5.6+5) / 2
s = 6.956 m
A 9 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 9 = 8.08 m2
IN EÌ 5 I 6
IN DÈ I 5
IV
s = (12.19+10.39+12.85) / 2
s = 17.715 m
A 11 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 11 =59.05 m2
IL
s = (10.39+9.96+5) / 2
s = 12.675 m
A 10 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 10 = 24.57 m2
NA
C
IN DÌ 4 I 5
s = (12.96+12.85+5) / 2
s = 15.405 m
A 12 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 12 = 31.64 m2
IN C`DÌ 4
AN
s = (5.13+12.94+13.68) / 2
s = 15.89 m
A 13 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 13 = 33.27 m2
IN CÌ 3 I 4
s = (5+13.75+13.68) / 2
s = 16.215 m
A 14 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 14 = 33.70 m2

IN B`CÌ 3
OG
s = (18.6+13.75+31.72) / 2
s = 32.04 m
A 15 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 15 = 50.19 m2
IN BÌ 2 I 3
BL
s = (31.94+31.72+5) / 2
s = 34.38 m
A 16 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 16 = 79.25 m2
s = (17.78+31.94+17.52) / 2
s = 33.62 m
A 17 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 17 = 120 m2
IN AI 1 I 2
NA
C
IV
s = (16.92+17.78+5) / 2
s = 19.85 m
A 18 = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
A 18 = 42.28 m2
IL
IN A`BÌ 2
TOTAL AREA = A 1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 5 + A 6 + A 7 + A 8 + A 9 + A 10 + A 11 + A 12 + A 13 + A 14
+ A 15 + A 16 + A 17 + A 18
=25.93+41.56+53.37+25.41+39.1+129.85+69.29+98.22+8.08+24.57+59.05+31.64+33.27+
33.70+50.19+79.25+120+42.28
= 854.76 m2
AN
TOTAL AREA= 854.76 m2
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT:
The area of the given plot is
854.76 m2
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
TRILATERATION

DETERMINATION OF AREA BY TRILATERATION
METHOD
OG
AIM:
To determine the distance between the given station points using the method of
trilateration and area enclosed by the station points
DESCRIPTION:
BL
Trilateration is the method of calculating the distance between the station points by
running a closed traverse
Theodolite
Ranging rod
Levelling staff
Cross staff
Arrows
Pegs
FORMULA USED:
Horizontal distance:
NA
C
IV
o
o
o
o
o
o
IL
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
D= KS COS2 + C COS
K=multiple constants =100

C=additive constants = 0
S=staff intercept (top hair-bottom hair)
Area of triangle:
A=
[ s ( s a ) * ( s b) * ( s c)]
AN
S=(a+b+c2)/2
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
PROCEDURE:
Mark the given points A,B,C,D,E. by using peg or arrows in such a way that it is
possible to see those points from any point
Then the instrument in placed in such a way that it is center to all the points and also
visible from the selected point.
The initial adjustment are done for accuracy in the survey
Then the point A is focused ,then the vertical angle and the top , middle and top hair
reading are taken by placing the leveling staff at point A.
The vertical angle and the top , middle and top hair reading are taken for all the given
points
Then the instrument is set any point and the distance and vertical angle between the
adjacent points are taken.
Thus we get a polygon whose sides are known or multiple triangle whose sides are
known
By using the given dimensions and by using the triangle formulas the area can be
calculated.

TABULAR COLUMN:
STADIA HAIR READING
TOP
MIDDLE BOTTOM
2.980
2.8
3.30
2.8
3.12
2.8
3.18
22010
2.49
0.63
21020
2.46
0.72
100
2.8
2.53
0.55
21010
2.53
0.53
2155
2.8
2.99
2.8
2.60
0.39
22015
3.1
2.8
2.49
0.61
1406
2.99
2.8
2.62
0.37
32010
3.05
2.8
2.65
0.40
12010
2.80
2.8
2.10
0.70
1155
3.10
2.8
2.50
0.60
21010
AN
3.06
22015
2.8
NA
C
0.33
0.71
IV
3.08
E
VERTICAL
ANGLE
2.59
IL
2.65
VERTICAL
POINT
OG
SIGHT
TO
BL
STATION
POINT

CALCULATION:
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE = KS COS2 + C COS
WHERE C = 0
OG
OA = KS COS2 + C COS
OA = 100*0.33*(COS22015)
OA = 32.95m
OB = KS COS2 + C COS
OB = 100*0.71(COS2 2010)
OB = 70.88m
BL
OC = KS COS2 + C COS
OC = 100*0.63(COS21020)
OC =62.91 m
OF = KS COS2 + C COS
OF = 100*0.53(COS2155)
OF =52.92 m
NA
C
AB = KS COS2 + C COS
AB = 100*0.39(COS22015)
AB = 38.94m
IV
OE = KS COS2 + C COS
OE = 100*0.55(COS21010)
OE = 54.92m
IL
OD = KS COS2 + C COS
OD = 100*0.72(COS100)
OD = 71.98m
AF= KS COS2 + C COS

AF = 100*0.61(COS1406)
AF = 60.95m
ED= 100*0.37(COS32010)
ED = 36.87m
EF = 100*0.4(COS12010)
EF = 39.98m
AN
CD = 100*0.7(COS11515)
CD = 69.97m
CB = 100*0.6(COS21010)
CB = 59.9m

TO FIND AREA:
IN BOC
s = (8.42+70.88+62.91)/2
s =71.05 m
A 2 = 71.05*(71.05-70.88)*(71.05-62.91)*(71.05-8.42)
A 2 =290.65m2
BL
s = (a + b + c) / 2
A = (s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c))
s = (32.95+70.88+37.98)/2
s = 70.905m
A 1 = 70.905*(70.905-32.95)*(70.905-70.88)*(70.905-37.98)
A 1 =147.06 m2
OG
IN AOB
IL
IN COD
s = (9.42+62.91+71.98)/2
s = 72.155 m
A 3 = 72.155*(72.155-62.91)*(72.155-71.98)*(72.155-9.42)
A 3 = 285.58m2
IN DOE
IV
s = (17.09+71.98+54.92)/2
s = 71.995 m
A 4 = 71.995*(71.955-71.98)*(71.955-54.92)*(71.955-17.09)
A 4 =531.81 m2
NA
C
IN EOF
s = (2.85+54.92+52.92)/2
s = 55.35m
A 5 = 55.35*(55.35-54.92)*(55.35-52.92)*(55.35-2.85)
A 5 = 455.10 m2
IN AOF
AN
s = (20.03+52.92+32.92)/2
s = 52.95m
A 6 = 52.95*(52.95-52.92)*(55.95-32.92)*(55.95-20.03)
A 6 =457.09 m2
TOTAL AREA = A 1 + A 2 + A 3 + A 4 + A 5 + A 6
= 147.06+290.65+285.58+531.81+455.10+457.09
A = 2167.29m2
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT:
Thus the area of the given land is found out as 2167.29m by using trilateration
method.
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
PROFILE LEVELLING
ROAD ALIGNMENT SURVEY

Introduction:
OG
BL
Roads are especially prepared ways between different places for the use of vehicles and
peoples. It is an important aspect in the development of transportation network for the
topographical mapping while the knowledge of longitudinal section as well as cross sections at
certain intervals of the road are essential. Also the density of traffics should be considered before
designing the road..
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF ROAD NETWORK

1.
Longitudinal sections:
IL
Longitudinal sectioning or the profile works along a pre determining line to determine the elevation
of the ground surface along that line. The proposed alignment may be a single straight line or a
series of straight lines connected by curves.
2.
NA
C
IV
Longitudinal sections are done to determine the indications of the ground surface. The ground
profiles are used for the study of the relationship between the existing ground levels and the levels
of proposed alignment. The details of the longitudinal section are plotted and the gradient line is
drawn and the reduced levels at various points are determined and the amount of cutting and
filling can be calculated simultaneously.
Plotting the profile:
The profile are plotted after the staff reading is obtained in the field are reduced and checked.
Generally, the profiles are plotted by choosing a suitable scale to show clearly the undulations in
the ground. The scales selected for plotting the vertical elevations are different from the scale
selected for plotting the vertical elevation.
CROSS SECTION OF ROAD NET WORK.
Cross sectioning:
AN
1.
Cross sections are run at right angles to the proposed or the line of work along which the profile
leveling is done. These stations are taken on either side of centre line to obtain the lateral outline
of the ground surface.
Cross sections are taken simultaneously along with longitudinal sectioning and are serially
numbered from the beginning. Cross- sections and generally taken at 10mtr or 20mtr intervals.
Plotting the profile:
OG
2.
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
The profile are plotted after the staff reading is obtained in the field are reduced and checked.
Generally, the profiles are plotted by choosing a suitable scale to show clearly the undulations in
the ground. The scales selected for plotting the vertical elevations are different from the scale
selected for plotting the vertical elevation.
OG
LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL SECTIONING

SURVEY ALONG A ROAD
AIM:
BL
To plot the longitudinal section and cross section of the given road using the method of fly
leveling.
Leveling staff
Leveling instrument
Ranging rods
Cross staff
Chain
Tape
Peg
Arrow.
FORMULA:
Arithmetic check:
IV
IL
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
NA
C
back sight fore sight = last reduced level first reduced level
LONGITUDINAL SECTIONING:
The operation of taking level along the center lines if any augments at regular intervals is
known as longitudinal leveling. Back sight intermediate sight, fore sight are taken at regular
intervals at every setup of the instrument to the nature of the ground surface.
AN
CROSS SECTIONING:
The operation of taking levels along the traverse to the direction of the longitudinal leveling.
The cross section is taken at regular interval along the augment.
OG
PROCEDURE:
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
1. The instruments was setup along the side of the road and the necessary adjustments were
made.
2. Then the bench mark is fixed by sighting the instrument on any permanent structures.
3. The width of the road is measured and the staff is held at the midway of the proposed road.
4. The central hair reading is noted down, then staff is shifted to the right and the left side and
the reading is recorded .
5. Similarly the same procedure is carried out by keeping the staff at regular intervals.
6. Then the reduced levels of the offsets were calculated and the profile is shown in the
graph.

PROFILE LEVELLING (L.S & C.S)
10
15
20
25
30
AN
35
40
45
50
I.S
1.440
1.470
1.400
1.430
1.410
1.510
1.420
1.440
1.380
1.350
1.340
1.400
1.330
1.370
1.180
1.190
1.210
1.180
1.190
1.150
1.230
1.190
1.140
1.230
1.290
1.310
1.290
1.280
1.230
1.290
1.330
1.310
1.310
1.270
0.990
0.940
0.950
1.000
1.260
1.100
0.990
1.220
0.970
0.960
1.240
1.340
1.310
1.250
1.090
1.380
F.S
RISE
FALL
R.L
100.00
99.95
99.92
99.99
99.96
99.98
99.97
100.06
100.04
100.01
100.07
100.08
100.02
100.09
100.05
100.24
100.23
100.21
100.24
100.23
100.27
100.19
100.23
100.28
100.19
100.13
100.11
100.13
100.14
100.19
100.13
100.09
100.11
100.11
100.15
100.43
100.48
100.47
100.42
100.16
100.42
100.43
100.20
100.45
100.46
100.18
100.08
100.11
100.17
100.33
100.04
OG
1.370
0.05
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.1
0.09
0.02
BL
B.S
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.19
IL
DISTANCE
NA
C
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
IV
STATION CHAINAGE
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.04
0.28
0.05
0.01
0.05
0.26
0.15
0.01
0.23
0.25
0.01
0.28
0.10
0.03
0.06
0.16
0.29
70
75
80
85
90
AN
95
100
105
0.05
1.780
1.360
0.02
OG
1.270
1.290
1.250
1.290
1.410
1.360
1.390
1.260
1.290
1.410
1.320
1.350
1.330
1.360
1.460
1.330
1.360
1.350
1.370
1.410
1.510
1.420
1.440
1.380
1.350
1.340
1.400
1.330
1.370
1.180
1.190
1.210
1.180
1.190
1.150
1.230
1.190
1.140
1.230
1.290
1.310
1.290
1.280
1.230
1.290
1.330
1.310
1.310
1.280
0.03
0.47
0.04
1.340
0.04
0.04
0.12
0.05
0.03
0.13
0.03
0.12
0.09
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.1
0.13
0.03
0.01
0.09
0.02
0.04
0.1
0.02
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.19
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.06
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.02
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
1.520
0.03
0.3
1.340
1.310
1.250
100.20
100.21
100.16
100.19
100.66
100.70
100.68
100.72
100.68
100.56
100.61
100.58
100.71
100.68
100.56
100.65
100.62
100.64
100.61
100.51
100.64
100.61
100.62
100.60
100.56
100.55
100.64
100.62
100.68
100.71
100.72
100.66
100.73
100.69
100.88
100.87
100.80
100.83
100.82
100.86
100.78
100.82
100.87
100.78
100.72
100.70
100.72
100.73
100.71
100.65
100.61
100.63
100.63
100.60
100.63
100.62
100.65
100.71
BL
65
0.16
0.01
IL
60
1.220
1.210
1.260
1.230
IV
55
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
NA
C
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
0.1
0.03
0.06
125
130
135
140
145
AN
150
155
160
165
0.22
0.04
0.01
0.03
OG
0.04
0.12
1.390
0.06
0.03
0.01
0.04
0.18
0.08
0.04
0.05
0.09
0.16
0.05
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.11
0.03
0.01
0.03
0.05
0.14
0.01
0.06
0.07
0.04
0.08
0.01
0.08
0.03
0.01
0.07
0.11
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.12
0.02
0.01
0.03
1.420
0.03
0.13
1.310
1.290
1.280
1.230
1.190
1.180
1.210
1.230
1.160
1.450
1.540
100.87
100.65
100.69
100.98
100.71
100.67
100.55
100.61
100.58
100.59
100.63
100.81
100.73
100.77
100.82
100.73
100.57
100.52
100.49
100.56
100.53
100.75
100.78
100.77
100.80
100.75
100.61
100.62
100.56
100.63
100.59
100.68
100.67
100.59
100.62
100.61
100.54
100.65
100.71
100.67
100.65
100.53
100.55
100.54
100.57
100.54
100.67
100.65
100.67
100.68
100.73
100.77
100.78
100.74
100.72
100.67
100.40
100.31
BL
120
0.16
IL
115
1.190
1.310
1.270
1.280
1.250
1.290
1.410
1.350
1.380
1.370
1.330
1.150
1.230
1.190
1.140
1.230
1.390
1.440
1.470
1.400
1.430
1.300
1.180
1.190
1.160
1.210
1.350
1.340
1.400
1.330
1.370
1.280
1.290
1.210
1.180
1.190
1.260
1.150
1.090
1.130
1.150
1.270
1.250
1.260
1.230
1.260
IV
110
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
NA
C
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.05
0.04
0.01
0.04
0.02
0.05
0.27
0.09
185
190
195
0.03
0.07
OG
0.05
0.01
0
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.15
0.02
0.09
0.06
0.21
0.21
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.09
0.28
0
0.14
0.06
0.02
0.12
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.01
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.05
0.09
AN
200
0.02
0.13
100.44
100.46
100.44
100.31
100.34
100.27
100.32
100.33
100.33
100.37
100.33
100.32
100.39
100.51
100.69
100.60
100.54
100.75
100.54
100.55
100.54
100.55
100.44
100.72
100.72
100.58
100.64
100.62
100.74
100.72
100.77
100.75
100.76
100.82
100.76
100.84
100.89
100.80
BL
180
0.13
0.02
IL
175
1.410
1.390
1.410
1.540
1.510
1.580
1.530
1.520
1.520
1.480
1.510
1.530
1.490
1.340
1.390
1.450
1.510
1.300
1.510
1.500
1.510
1.500
1.590
1.310
1.310
1.450
1.390
1.410
1.290
1.310
1.260
1.280
1.270
1.210
1.270
1.190
1.140
1.230
IV
170
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
0
2
4
2
4
NA
C
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
C1
L1
L2
R1
R2
ARTHEMATIC CHECK
RISE - FALL = B.S - F.S = LAST R.L FIRST R.L
6.55-5.75 = 5.52-4.72 = 100.80-100.00
0.80 = 0.80 = 0.80
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT:
The R.L of various points along the cross section and longitudinal section are determined
and the graph is plotted to scale.
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
GRID LEVELLING
OG
GRID CONTOURING
AIM:
To draw the block of given plot.
DESCRIPTION:
BL
A map without relief representation is simply a plan on which relative positions of details are
only shown in horizontal phase. Relative heights of various points on the map may be represented
by one of the methods of contour.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:
IV
Theodolite with tripod stand

Ranging rod
Leveling staff
Arrows
Cross staff
Tape or chain
NA
C
IL
SQUARE METHOD:
It is the indirect method of contouring. Here the entire area is divided into number of square
sides which may vary from 4m-48m, depending upon nature of the ground, the contour interval
and the scale of the plan.
AN
PROCEDURE:
1. The site for block countering is selected by through study.
2. The dimension of block counter size are selected accordingly.
3. Then the area is divided into blocks of the size 3m*3m by using cross staff, chain
and ranging rod.
4. The instrument is placed in such a place where maximum reading can be taken on
the intersection points.
5. Readings taken at the intersection points are entered in the field book.
6. Change points are provided wherever needed .
7. After taking the readings, the RL of each point is calculated by height of collimation
method or by rise and fall method.
8. All reduced levels are plotted in A2 drawing sheet of suitable scale.
The points having same reduced levels are connected and finally we observe a contour map. The
contour of the desired values in interpolated.

GRID LEVELLING
B.S
I.S
AN
F.S
R.L
100.000
100.690
100.650
100.620
100.590
100.550
100.520
100.518
100.450
100.300
100.330
100.515
100.495
100.470
100.460
100.425
100.385
100.340
100.290
100.370
100.280
0.690
0.040
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.050
0.150
BL
1.210
1.250
1.280
1.310
1.350
1.380
1.400
1.450
1.600
1.570
1.385
1.405
1.430
1.440
1.475
1.515
1.560
1.610
1.530
1.620
1.100
1.175
1.070
1.030
1.010
1.120
1.165
1.210
1.225
1.310
1.350
1.270
1.265
1.240
1.530
1.470
1.430
1.510
1.565
1.520
1.495
0.970
0.990
1.005
1.020
1.035
1.060
FALL
OG
1.900
RISE
0.030
0.185
IL
Y
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
IV
NA
C
STATION
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
A11
A12
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17
A18
A19
A20
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
B12
B13
B14
B15
B16
B17
B18
B19
B20
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
0.020
0.025
0.010
0.035
0.040
0.045
0.050
0.080
0.090
0.520
0.075
0.105
0.040
0.020
0.110
0.045
0.045
0.015
0.085
0.040
0.080
0.005
0.025
0.290
0.060
0.040
0.080
0.055
0.045
0.025
0.525
0.020
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.025
100.800
100.725
100.830
100.870
100.890
100.780
100.670
100.625
100.610
100.525
100.484
100.564
100.569
100.594
100.304
100.364
100.404
100.324
100.269
100.314
100.339
100.864
100.844
100.J829
100.814
100.799
100.774
AN
12
100.744
100.684
100.669
100.644
100.629
100.619
100.614
100.529
100.524
100.509
100.479
100.424
100.389
100.344
100.329
100.829
100.814
100.804
100.774
100.759
100.739
100.729
100.694
100.679
100.349
100.644
100.609
100.584
100.554
100.514
100.484
100.469
100.444
100.414
100.394
100.369
100.974
100.939
100.919
100.899
100.864
100.839
100.804
100.789
100.744
100.729
100.714
100.689
100.644
100.614
100.574
100.544
100.504
BL
OG
0.030
0.060
0.015
0.025
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.085
0.005
0.015
0.030
0.055
0.035
0.045
0.015
0.500
IL
1.090
1.150
1.165
1.190
1.205
1.215
1.220
1.305
1.310
1.325
1.355
1.410
1.445
1.490
1.505
1.005
1.020
1.030
1.060
1.075
1.095
1.105
1.140
1.055
1.085
1.190
1.225
1.250
1.280
1.320
1.350
1.365
1.390
1.420
1.440
1.465
0.860
0.895
0.915
0.935
0.970
0.995
1.030
1.040
1.090
1.105
1.120
1.145
1.190
1.220
1.280
1.290
1.330
IV
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
NA
C
C6
C7
C8
C9
C10
C11
C12
C13
C14
C15
C16
C17
C18
C19
C20
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
D13
D14
D15
D16
D17
D18
D19
D20
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
E7
E8
E9
E10
E11
E12
E13
E14
E15
E16
0.015
0.010
0.030
0.015
0.020
0.010
0.035
0.015
0.030
0.005
0.035
0.025
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.015
0.025
0.030
0.020
0.025
0.605
0.035
0.020
0.020
0.035
0.025
0.035
0.015
0.045
0.015
0.015
0.025
0.045
0.030
0.040
0.030
0.040

0.060
0.050
0.050
0.040
0.590
AN
18
100.444
100.394
100.344
100.304
100.894
100.814
100.764
100.704
100.684
100.644
100.604
100.584
100.534
100.524
100.504
100.484
100.444
100.414
100.389
100.364
100.324
100.294
100.274
100.264
100.244
100.784
100.794
100.774
100.769
100.719
100.694
100.654
100.594
100.579
100.524
100.509
100.499
100.494
100.424
100.414
100.384
100.344
100.334
100.409
100.399
100.364
100.854
100.794
100.764
100.734
100.694
100.649
100.659
OG
0.080
0.050
0.060
0.020
0.040
0.040
0.020
0.050
0.010
0.020
0.020
0.040
0.030
0.025
0.025
0.040
0.030
0.020
0.010
0.020
BL
IL
1.390
1.440
1.490
1.530
0.940
1.020
1.070
1.130
1.150
1.190
1.230
1.250
1.300
1.310
1.330
1.350
1.390
1.420
1.445
1.470
1.510
1.540
1.560
1.570
1.590
1.050
1.040
1.060
1.065
1.115
1.140
1.180
1.240
1.255
1.310
1.325
1.335
1.340
1.410
1.420
1.450
1.460
1.470
1.395
1.405
1.440
0.950
1.010
1.040
1.070
1.110
1.155
1.145
IV
15
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
0.540
0.010
0.020
0.005
0.050
0.025
0.040
0.060
0.015
0.055
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.070
0.010
0.030
0.010
0.010
NA
C
E17
E18
E19
E20
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
F13
F14
F15
F16
F17
F18
F19
F20
G0
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17
G18
G19
G20
H0
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
0.075
0.010
0.035
0.490
0.060
0.030
0.030
0.040
0.045
0.010
24
AN
27
100.679
100.674
100.664
100.604
100.609
100.634
100.649
100.524
100.544
100.494
100.474
100.424
100.374
100.344
0.020
0.005
0.010
0.060
OG
0.005
0.025
0.045
0.125
0.020
0.050
0.020
0.050
0.050
0.030
0.550
0.020
0.020
0.040
0.020
0.040
0.030
0.050
0.090
100.905
100.895
100.840
100.825
100.795
100.785
100.790
100.780
100.760
100.725
100.710
100.680
100.640
100.615
100.595
100.580
100.550
100.520
100.510
100.480
100.460
100.890
100.870
100.840
100.805
100.780
100.750
100.735
100.725
100.710
100.695
100.675
100.680
100.670
100.650
100.625
100.610
100.595
100.570
BL
IL
1.125
1.130
1.140
1.200
1.195
1.170
1.125
1.250
1.230
1.280
1.300
1.350
1.400
1.430
1.980
1.000
1.020
1.060
1.080
1.120
1.150
1.200
1.290
1.255
1.295
1.310
1.330
1.375
1.420
1.440
1.490
1.435
1.440
1.420
1.600
1.060
1.090
1.030
1.025
1.120
1.150
1.130
1.190
1.200
1.300
1.250
1.245
1.275
1.330
1.350
1.380
1.340
1.450
IV
21
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
NA
C
H7
H8
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
H17
H18
H19
H20
I0
I1
I2
I3
I4
I5
I6
I7
I8
I9
I10
I11
I12
I13
I14
I15
I16
I17
I18
I19
I20
J0
J1
J2
J3
J4
J5
J6
J7
J8
J9
J10
J11
J12
J13
J14
J15
J16
J17
0.035
0.040
0.015
0.020
0.045
0.045
0.020
0.050
0.055
0.005
0.020
0.180
0.540
0.030
0.060
0.005
0.095
0.030
0.020
0.060
0.010
0.100
0.050
0.005
0.030
0.055
0.020
0.030
0.040
0.110
33
AN
0.010
0.090
0.020
0.745
OG
0.075
0.030
0.050
0.060
0.040
0.050
0.040
0.040
0.030
0.045
0.015
0.035
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.035
0.025
0.040
0.110
0.040
100.540
100.480
100.440
101.040
101.005
100.985
100.965
100.930
100.905
100.870
100.855
100.810
100.795
100.780
100.755
100.710
100.680
100.640
100.610
100.570
100.510
100.460
100.410
100.370
100.960
100.880
100.830
100.770
100.750
100.710
100.670
100.650
100.600
100.590
100.570
100.550
100.510
100.480
100.455
100.430
100.390
100.360
100.340
100.330
100.310
100.950
100.890
100.860
100.830
100.790
100.745
100.755
100.775
BL
IL
1.440
1.530
1.550
0.805
0.880
0.910
0.960
1.020
1.060
1.110
1.150
1.190
1.220
1.265
1.280
1.315
1.330
1.345
1.360
1.395
1.420
1.460
1.570
1.610
0.900
0.950
1.000
1.005
1.100
1.110
1.115
1.220
1.235
1.240
1.255
1.280
1.330
1.350
1.380
1.480
1.450
1.480
1.430
1.390
1.460
1.010
1.030
1.060
1.095
1.200
1.150
1.165
1.175
0.710
IV
30
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
NA
C
J18
J19
J20
K0
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
K7
K8
K9
K10
K11
K12
K13
K14
K15
K16
K17
K18
K19
K20
L0
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
L10
L11
L12
L13
L14
L15
L16
L17
L18
L19
L20
M0
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
0.050
0.050
0.050
0.095
0.010
0.005
0.105
0.015
0.005
0.015
0.025
0.050
0.020
0.030
0.100
0.030
0.030
0.050
0.040
0.070
0.450
0.020
0.030
0.035
0.025
0.030
0.015
0.010
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
N10
N11
N12
N13
N14
N15
N16
N17
N18
N19
N20
O0
O1
O2
O3
O4
O5
O6
O7
O8
O9
O10
O11
O12
O13
O14
O15
O16
O17
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
AN
42
0.005
1.440
1.010
1.030
1.060
1.095
1.200
1.150
1.165
1.175
1.190
1.205
1.225
1.220
1.230
1.250
1.275
1.290
1.305
1.330
1.360
1.420
1.460
1.115
1.075
1.080
1.135
1.140
1.155
1.130
1.210
1.225
1.310
1.320
1.330
1.375
1.405
1.360
1.370
1.390
1.450
0.010
0.020
0.025
0.015
0.015
0.025
0.030
0.060
0.040
0.05
100.770
100.760
100.700
100.705
100.730
100.775
100.650
100.670
100.620
100.600
100.550
100.500
100.470
100.460
100.910
100.880
100.940
100.945
100.850
100.820
100.840
100.780
100.770
100.670
100.720
100.725
100.695
100.640
100.620
100.590
100.630
100.520
100.530
100.440
100.420
100.870
100.880
100.910
100.890
100.850
100.810
100.830
100.770
100.800
100.805
100.735
100.695
100.670
100.685
100.660
100.640
100.680
100.800
OG
1.510
0.015
0.015
0.020
0.430
IL
NA
C
C.P
N0
1.190
1.205
1.225
1.220
1.230
1.250
1.275
1.290
1.305
1.330
1.360
1.420
1.460
BL
36
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0.020
0.030
0.035
0.025
0.030
0.015
0.010
0.015
0.015
0.020
0.005
IV
M8
M9
M10
M11
M12
M13
M14
M15
M16
M17
M18
M19
M20
0.010
0.020
0.025
0.015
0.015
0.025
0.030
0.060
0.040
0.345
0.040
0.005
0.055
0.005
0.015
0.025
0.080
0.015
0.085
0.010
0.010
0.045
0.030
0.045
0.010
0.020
0.060
48
AN
0.080
0.020
0.030
0.560
0.005
100.650
100.520
100.540
100.850
100.900
100.910
100.940
100.930
100.920
100.890
100.850
100.825
100.840
100.710
100.725
100.700
100.690
100.720
100.505
100.525
100.580
100.600
100.640
100.560
100.855
100.895
100.890
100.835
100.830
100.815
100.840
100.760
100.745
100.660
100.650
100.640
100.595
100.565
100.610
100.600
100.580
100.520
100.440
100.460
100.430
100.990
100.995
100.900
100.905
100.955
100.870
100.895
100.890
OG
0.095
0.005
0.050
0.085
0.025
0.005
0.050
0.010
0.050
BL
0.030
0.005
0.095
0.060
0.105
0.015
0.120
0.080
IL
1.530
1.510
1.540
0.980
0.975
1.070
1.065
1.015
1.100
1.075
1.080
1.130
1.140
1.190
1.160
1.155
1.250
1.310
1.415
1.430
1.550
1.470
1.520
1.550
1.120
1.070
1.060
1.030
1.040
1.050
1.080
1.120
1.145
1.130
1.260
1.245
1.270
1.280
1.250
1.465
1.445
1.390
1.370
1.330
1.410
1.100
1.125
1.140
1.070
1.080
1.090
1.060
1.100
IV
45
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
NA
C
O18
O19
O20
P0
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
P10
P11
P12
P13
P14
P15
P16
P17
P18
P19
P20
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10
Q11
Q12
Q13
Q14
Q15
Q16
Q17
Q18
Q19
Q20
R0
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
0.050
0.030
0.430
0.050
0.010
0.030
0.010
0.010
0.030
0.040
0.025
0.015
0.130
0.015
0.025
0.010
0.030
0.215
0.020
0.053
0.020
0.040
0.080
0.310
0.025
0.015
0.070
0.010
0.010
0.030
0.040
AN
57
0.065
0.060
0.045
0.080
0.060
100.840
100.830
100.780
100.810
100.815
100.720
100.660
100.555
100.540
100.420
100.500
100.450
100.420
100.870
100.845
100.830
100.900
100.890
100.880
100.910
100.870
100.805
100.745
100.700
100.620
100.680
100.570
100.550
100.590
100.590
100.440
100.445
100.425
100.580
100.870
100.900
100.895
100.905
100.835
100.795
100.860
100.810
100.800
100.750
100.725
100.660
100.535
100.460
100.465
100.495
100.510
100.460
100.430
OG
0.110
0.020
0.040
0.005
0.155
0.015
0.030
BL
0.075
0.370
0.010
0.030
0.020
0.040
0.040
0.020
0.060
0.030
0.005
IL
54
1.165
1.225
1.270
1.350
1.290
1.400
1.420
1.380
1.375
1.530
1.515
1.545
1.470
1.100
1.090
1.060
1.080
1.120
1.160
1.140
1.200
1.170
1.165
1.235
1.275
1.300
1.285
1.310
1.330
1.290
1.170
1.320
1.450
1.430
0.995
1.005
1.060
1.075
1.105
1.115
1.110
1.120
1.140
1.175
1.190
1.220
1.260
1.285
1.305
1.320
1.350
1.380
1.390
IV
51
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
NA
C
R8
R9
R10
R11
R12
R13
R14
R15
R16
R17
R18
R19
R20
S0
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
S11
S12
S13
S14
S15
S16
S17
S18
S19
S20
T0
T1
T2
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
T15
T16
T17
T18
0.070
0.040
0.025
0.015
0.025
0.020
0.040
0.120
0.150
0.130
0.020
0.245
0.010
0.055
0.015
0.030
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.020
0.035
0.015
0.030
0.040
0.025
0.020
0.015
0.030
0.030
0.010

0.030
0.020
0.460
OG
0.015
0.035
0.050
0.040
0.020
0.040
0.015
0.025
0.035
0.025
0.030
0.030
0.020
0.030
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.045
0.025
0.005
100.450
100.480
100.870
100.795
100.900
100.940
100.960
100.850
100.805
100.760
100.745
100.660
100.620
100.700
100.705
100.730
100.440
100.500
100.540
100.460
100.405
100.450
100.475
BL
1.420
1.440
0.980
0.995
1.030
1.080
1.120
1.140
1.180
1.195
1.220
1.255
1.280
1.310
1.340
1.360
1.390
1.405
1.420
1.435
1.480
1.505
1.510
IL
60
57
60
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
51
54
57
60
AN
NA
C
IV
T19
T20
U0
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
U6
U7
U8
U9
U10
U11
U12
U13
U14
U15
U16
U17
U18
U19
U20
ARTHEMATIC CHECK
RISE - FALL =
B.S -
12.860-12.385 =
F.S = LAST R.L - FIRST R.L
3.41-2.935
= 100.475-100.00
0.475=0.475=0.475
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT:
The block size of 30m x 60m was drawn and reduced level at each intersection was
entered. Smooth curves of various lines were drawn connecting points of equal elevation and the
contour map was prepared.
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
RADIAL CONTOUR

CONTOURING
OG
A contour line is a curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour
line (often just called a "contour") joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such
as mean sea level. A contour map is a map illustrated with contour lines, for example
a topographic map, which thus shows valleys and hills, and the steepness of slopes.
CONTOUR -INTERVAL:
Nature of the ground
The scale of the map
Purpose and extend of the survey
Time and expense of field and office work
.Characteristics of contour:
IL
BL
The vertical distances between two consecutive contours are called as contour interval. The
contour interval is kept constant for a contour plan, otherwise the general appearance of the map
will be misreading.
The following characteristics features may be used while plotting or reading a contour plan or
topographic map.
Two contour lines of different elevations cannot cross each other.
Contour lines of different elevations can write to from one line only in the case of a vertical
cliff.
Contour lines close together indicate steep slope. They indicate a gentle slope if they are
far apart.
A contour passing through any point is perpendicular to the line of steepest slope at that
point.
A closed contour line with one or more higher ones inside and it represents a hill.
Two contour lines having the same elevation cannot write and continue split into two lines.
A contour line must close upon itself, not necessarily within the limits of the map.
AN
NA
C
IV
Contour lines cross a watershed or ridge line at right angles.
Contour lines close a valley line of right angles.
BL
OG
Methods of locating contours:
(a) The direct method

(b) The indirect method
IV
(a) The direct method
IL
The method may be divided into two classes:
NA
C
As in the indirect method, each contour is located by determining the positions of a series of points
through which the contour passes. The operation is also sometimes called tracing out contours.
The field work is two-fold.
1. Vertical control:
2. Horizontal control:
Location of points on contour.

Survey of those points.
(b) The indirect method:
In this method, some guide points are selected along a system of straight lines and their
elevations are found. The points are taken plotted and contours are drawn by interpolation. These
guide points are not except by coincidence.
AN
The following are some of the indirect method of locating the ground points.
(1) By squares
(2) By cross-sections
(3) Tachometric method
OG
RADIAL CONTOURING
EX NO 5
Aim:
To prepare contour map for the given area.
BL
Instruments required:
1. Theodolite
2. Ranging rod
3. Chains
4. Arrows
5. Pegs
Principle:
IL
This method is suitable for countering the area of long strip undulations where direct chaining is
difficult.
Procedure:
IV
Range out the radial line from a common centre at known angular interval.
Fix arrows on the radial lines at equal distances of 3m or 5m.
Set up the instrument at any convenient place to cover the maximum points.
Hold the leveling staff in the place of arrows.
Note down the vertical angels and the hair readings and enter it correctly.
Repeat the same procedure for other radial lines.
Similarly shift the instrument s tat ion to other convenient place and c over the entire area.
NA
C
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Calculation:
AN
1. Calculate the reduced level and horizontal distance of instrument station using tachometric
formulae.
2. Plot the radial lines and positions of the points on the desired scale and enter spot levels.
3. Calculate the reduced level for the intermediate points using interpolation.
Staff
Statio
n
Horizon
tal
Angle
Vertical
Angle
Stadia Readings
OG
RADIAL CONTOURING
BM = 100 m
Instrument Station O
Ht. of Inst. = 1.60 m
Staff Reading for BM = 1.34 m
R.L. of O = 100+1.34-1.60 = 99.74 m
R.L. of Horizontal Sight = 100+1.34 = 101.34 m
Stadia Horizontal
Intercept Distance
S
D
(m)
(m)
RIS
E
FALL R.L of
Staff
stadia
CR
BR
1.750
1.6
7
2.0
8
A2
A3
A4
1.65
2.06
2.045
1.9
1.88
2.3
2.5
4
2.8
5
2.8
5
3.0
3
0.9
5
1.3
5
1.6
5
1.9
8
2.3
5
2.8
8
3.2
0
3.5
2
0.5
5
10.
00
0.02
0.03
1.855
0.045
4.5
2.27
2.24
0.06
0.39
2.50
2.47
0.07
0.23
2.80
2.77
0.08
0.30
2.81
2.74
0.11
11
0.01
2.98
2.9
0.13
13
0.17
0.94
0.93
0.02
1.33
1.31
0.04
1.625
1.6
0.05
1.95
1.91
0.07
2.30
2.6
0.09
0.35
2.83
2.78
0.1
10
0.53
3.14
3.08
0.12
12
0.31
3.45
3.37
0.15
15
0.31
0.54
0.53
0.02
.98
0.96
0.04
IV
A5
1.66
IL
A1
A6
NA
C
A7
A8
B1
B2
B3
B4
45
AN
B5
B6
B7
B8
C1
C2
BL
(m)
TR
90
0.09
0.4
0.18
2.04
0.39
0.29
5
0.32
5
2.91
0.44
150.0
0
150.0
9
150.0
5
150.2
3
149.8
4
149.6
1
149.3
1
149.3
0
149.1
3
151.1
7
150.7
8
150.4
85
150.1
6
149.8
1
149.2
8
148.9
7
148.6
6
151.5
7
150.1
3
C6
C7
C8
D1
D2
D3
D4
135
D5
D6
D7
0.06
2.01
1.95
0.07
2.50
2.46
0.09
2.995
2.9
35
0.12
3.15
3.39
0.13
3.83
3.755
0.15
1.60
1.59
0.02
1.75
1.73
1.96
1.94
2.11
2.10
2.51
2.47
2.93
E1
E3
E4
180
E5
E6
E7
AN
E8
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
225
2.5
2.9
5
3.2
5
0.49
0.49
5
0.15
5
12
13
15
2
0.68
2.23
0.15
0.04
0.21
0.05
0.15
0.08
0.4
2.89
0.09
0.42
3.15
3.00
0.1
10
0.22
3.49
3.43
0.12
12
0.34
1.380
1.370
0.002
1.650 1..635
0.003
0.27
NA
C
E2
0.49
5
0.53
5
0.03
IV
D8
1.44
150.6
4
150.1
05
149.6
15
149.1
2
148.9
65
148.2
85
150.5
15
150.3
65
150.1
55
150.0
05
149.6
05
149.1
85
148.9
65
148.6
5
150.7
35
150.4
65
150.4
05
150.2
65
149.9
15
149.7
6
149.6
15
149.0
85
150.8
35
150.1
85
149.6
95
149.2
05
148.9
2
OG
C5
1.475
BL
C4
1.5
0
2.0
5
2.5
5
3.0
55
3.5
20
3.9
0
1.6
1
1.7
6
1.9
8
2.1
5
2.5
5
2.9
8
3.2
0
3.5
5
1.3
90
1.6
65
1.7
30
1.8
75
2.2
3
2.4
0
2.5
50
3.0
9
1.2
9
1.9
5
IL
C3
2.11
1.710
1.685
0.045
4.5
0.06
1.850
1.820
0.55
5.5
0.14
2.20
2.170
0.06
0.35
2.355
2.310
0.09
2.50
2.45
0.1
10
3.03
2.97
0.12
12
1.28
1.27
0.02
1.93
1.915
0.035
3.5
0.65
2.475
2.45
0.05
0.54
5
2.915
2.88
0.07
0.44
3.20
3.155
0.095
9.5
0.28
5
0.15
5
0.14
5
0.53
1.75
G1
G2
G3
G4
270
G5
G6
G7
G8
H1
H2
H3
H4
315
0.2
3.69
3.62
0.13
13
0.29
3.92
3.8
0.15
15
0.23
1.38
1.365
0.025
1.40
1.38
0.04
1.52
1.49
0.06
1.645
1.61
0.07
1.775
1.73
1.905
1.86
1.960
1.91
2.170
2.12
1.54
H6
H7
2.54
0.02
0.12
0.12
5
0.13
0.09
0.13
0.1
10
0.05
5
0.11
11
0.21
1.53
0.02
1.66
1.64
0.04
0.12
2.01
1.985
0.065
6.5
0.35
2.43
2.47
0.08
0.42
2.93
2.88
0.1
0.5
3.195
3.14
0.11
11
3.51
3.45
0.12
12
3.885
3.82
0.13
13
0.63
AN
H8
2.5
0.08
NA
C
H5
1.3
9
1.4
2
4.5
5
1.6
8
1.8
10
1.9
5
2.0
10
2.2
30
1.5
5
1.6
8
2.0
5
2.5
5
2.9
8
2.2
5
2.5
7
2.9
50
10
148.7
2
148.4
3
148.2
0
150.7
4
150.7
2
150.6
0
150.4
75
150.3
45
150.2
15
150.1
6
149.9
5
150.5
8
150.4
6
150.1
1
149.6
9
149.1
5
148.9
25
148.6
1
148.2
25
OG
.95
0.10
IV
F8
3.35
BL
F7
3.40
IL
3.4
5
3.7
5
F6
0.26
5
0.31
5
0.38
5
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
Result:
The contour map of plotted for the given area.
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
DOUBLE THEODOLITE

SETTING OUT OF A CURVE
TWO THEODOLITE METHOD
OG
AIM:
To set the horizontal curve by deflection angle method, using two theodolite.
EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED :
BL
Theodolite
Ranging rods
Thread
Mallet
Tape
Pegs
Lime powder
AN
NA
C
IV
PROPERTIES OF A CURVE :
IL
OG
PROCEDURE:
IV
IL
BL
1. Two Theodolite are placed, one at the point of curvatureT1 and other at the point of
curvature T2.Get temporary adjustment in both. The vernier A of each Theodolite set to
zero and clamp the upper plates.
2. Bisect the point of intersection, B from Theodolite at T1, and T1 from the Theodolite at T2
using the lower plate main screw and then its tangent screw. Now both the Theodolite are
properly oriented.
3. Open the upper plate main screw of the Theodolite at T1,and set the vernier A to the
deflection angle .The line of sight is now directed along the chord T1 a. Clamp the upper
plate.
4. Release the upper clamp of the Theodolite atT1,and set the vernier A to the deflection
angle .The line of sight is now directed along the chord T2a.Thus the lines of sight of both
the Theodolite are directed towards the point a.
5. Now, move a ranging rod or an arrow near the expected point a until it is bisected
simultaneously by the cross hairs of both the Theodolite. Locate the point a on the ground
at the arrow point and fix a peg at that point.
6. To locate the second point b. Set the verniers of both the Theodolite at angle Db and
repeat steps(3) to (5).
AN
NA
C
7. Locate all other points c,d,ein the same manner.
=
=
=
R tan /2
50 X tan 25
23.32m
2) Curve length
R /180O
43.63m
BL
1) Tangent length
OG
CALCULATION AND OBSERVATION:

Radius
=
50m
Deflection angle
=
50
Chord length
=
4m
Long chord length =
2Rsin /2
3) Chain age of the first tangent point ,T 1 = 1000 tangent length

= 1000 - 23.32
= 976.68m
4) Chain age of the second tangent point ,T 2 = T 1 + curve length

= 976.68 + 43.63 = 1020.31m
IL
5) length of the initial sub chord (l) = 980- 976.68

= 3.32m
IV
6) Number of full chord length (4m) = 43.63/4

= 24.10m
Chain age covered = 980 + 10 X 4 = 1020m
7) Length of final sub chord = 1020.31 1020 = 0.31m
NA
C
8) Deflection angle for initial sub-chord (D 1 ) = (1718.9 x 3.32)/50

= 114.13 = 1 5407
9) Deflection angle for full chord D 2 to D 11 = (1718.9 x 4 ) / 50
= 137.512 m = 2 1730
10) Angle for final sub- chord D 12 = (1718.9 x 0.31)/50
= 10.657= 0 1039
AN
11) Arithmetic check:

Total deflection angle ( n ) = D 1 + 10 x D + D n
/2 = 50 / 2 = 25
( n ) = 1 5407 + (10 x 2 1730) + 0 1039
=24 5946 = 25
So the calculated deflection angles are correct
12) Field check:
Apex distance = R (sec /2 1)
= 50((sec 25 1) = 5.168 m
TABULATION:
OG
POINT
TOTAL
CHAINAGE DEFLECTION
TOTAL
DEFLECTION
ANGLE FOR DEFLECTION
ANGLE
CHORD
ANGLE
FROM THE
FROM
CHORD ( 2 )
TANGENT( 1 )
T1
976.68
P1
980
1 5407
P2
984
2 1730
P3
988
2 1730
P4
992
2 1730
8 4620
8 4620
P5
996
2 1730
11 3140
11 3140
P6
1000
P7
1004
P8
BL
1 5407
4 1137
4 1137
6 2840
6 2840
IV
IL
1 5407
13 2120
13 2120
2 1730
15 3840
15 3840
1008
2 1730
17 5620
17 5620
P9
1012
2 1730
20 1340
20 1340
P 10
1016
2 1730
22 3120
22 3120
T2
1020.31
0 1039
25 0000
25 0000
AN
NA
C
2 1730
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT :
The curve was plotted the ground by two Theodolite method and marked with chalk powder.
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
TACHEOMETRIC METHOD
OG
SETTING OUT OF BUILDING
BL
The operation here is to locate the design points of the structure to be constructed. When a
single building is to be constructed, its corners may be fixed by running a line between corners of
existing building and offsetting from this. However, where an existing building or features are not
available, the design points are co-ordinated in terms of site grid or base line. This can be
achieved by the following:
Setting out by polar co-ordinates:
IL
In this process, angles and distances are measured; co-ordinates are calculated from the
data and a plan is drawn of the results. Before setting out any construction works, the
development plan is studied carefully and coordinates from selected points on the works are
obtained by some means. They may be scaled from a plan. Bearings and distances to these from
known survey stations are calculated and those data used to set out the proposed works.
IV
By intersection:
With two Theodolite stationed at two stations of site grid, using bearings and checking the
intersection from a third station.
By offsetting: from base line :
AN
NA
C
Offset pegs: it has been illustrated that the corners of a building can be set out by polar
measurements from the stations of site of site grid. Corner pegs can then be driven in the ground.
However, during the Excavations of foundations, these corner pegs get dislocated. To avoid the
labour of relocation of these corner points, extra pegs, known as offset pegs are located on the
lines of the building but offset back from true corner points. The offset distance should be sufficient
so that offset pegs are not disturbed during earth work operations.
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
FOUNDATION MARKING
OG
FOUNDATION MARKING
Aim:
To set the centre line of two roomed buildings. It is necessary to mark the foundations width
on the ground for earth work excavation.
Apparatus required:
Theodolite
Ranging Rod
Thread
Mallet
Tape
Pegs
Lime powder
Hall : 7mx10m
Room 1: 5mx5m
Room 2: 5mx5m
Size of foundation : 0.46mx.46m
Thickness of wall : 0.23m
Method used : offset pegs
IL
IV
NA
C
Specifications:
BL
Procedure:
AN
Initially the centre line of the longest outer wall of the building is marked on the ground by
stretching a string between the pegs driven at the ends
Now a base line is drawn and perpendicular lines are erected C1, C2, and C3 at the wall
junction.
Now the outer and inner wall lines are marked as C4, C5, and C6. The wall thickness is of
230mm.
Now using the centre point the foundation excavation is sketched out. By the use of a string
the foundation is marked on the ground.
From the given plan the other inner walls are sketched out. The inner walls are of 230mm
thickness. Finally the inner walls are set out on the ground.
Diagonals are constructed between C1 and C5, C2 and C4 and C3 and C5 are checked.
From the centre line pillars are constructed .The foundation is made around the centre line.
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
Result:
Thus setting out of building is laid on the ground as shown in the figure.
IL
BL
OG
AN
NA
C
IV
TOTAL STATION

TOTAL STATION
OG
Introduction:
Total station is an electronic/optical instrument mainly applied in construction and civil
engineering field. Angles, distances, co ordinates and many advanced measurements are
accomplished by using trigonometry and triangulation. Downloading and uploading data are
available.
Purpose and uses:
BL
Large and high resolution screen guarantees a clear display

Measure up to 100m in the reflector less mode
Extended internal memory accepts up to 50000 points
Handy EDM head
Electronic auto compensator
Equipped with advanced measurement programs and practical
software
Possibility of red laser centring
Red laser directing ensures pinpoint accuracy in reflector less measurement
Easy and direct operation with the alphanumeric keyboard and the function keys
Long battery life up to 30 hours for angle measurement only
Rugged, durable, water and dust resistant design.
Technical Specications
NA
C
IV
ANGLE MEASUREMENT (Hz, V)

Accuracy 5"
Method Grating disk
Min. reading 1"
Standard deviation 2"
Compensation Vertical axis
Compensating range 3
IL
Level parameter:
Circular level 8'/2mm
Plate level 30/2mm
AN
TELESCOPE
Magnification 30Image Erect
Field of view 130(2.6%)
Min. focus 1.5m
Optical aperture 45mm
Length of sleeve 150mm
Resolution 3"
Distance of circles 71mm
DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Min. reading 1mm
OG
Reflector:
Measurement range (Good condition):
Single prism 4000m
Triple prism 7000m

Measurement accuracy (3+2ppmD)mm
Measurement time:
Fine measurement mode (Repeat) About 1.8sec. (First time 2.5sec)
Tracking measurement mode about 0.4sec. (First time 1.5sec)
BL
Atmospheric correction:
input range -499ppm~+499ppmstep 1ppm
Prism constant correction -99mm~+99mm (step 1ppm)
Reflector less:
Measurement range (Kodak white) 100m

Measurement accuracy 5mm
IL
Measurement time:
Fine measurement mode (Repeat) About 1.8sec. (first time 3sec)
Tracking measurement mode About 0.5sec. (first time 2sec)
IV
DISPLAY
Screen type 4-line dot matrix LCD with backlight
Display unit Double sides
AN
NA
C
PHYSICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Battery power:
Voltage DC7.2V
Capacity:
Distance and angle
Measurement
Angle Measurement
Lithium battery BDC40L 4.0AH 4.5h 30h
temperature -20c
Dimension :190mm210mm350mm
Net weight :6.0kg
OTHERS
Interface RS232C
Waterproof /Dustproof protection IP54

Standard specifications:
OG
BL
IL
AN
NA
C
GRAPHICAL VIEW
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
IV
Main unit
Software
RS232 data cable
Rechargeable battery
Battery charger
Car charger
Tool kit
Dryer
Lint-free cloth
Brush
Screwdriver
Rain protector
Shoulder strap
Instruction manual
TIME certificate
Warranty card
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL STATION

BY USING TOTAL STATION
AIM
To determine the area of the polygon by using total station.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Total station
Prism
Stand
Prism stand
BL
OG
EX NO 9
DESCRIPTION
IV
IL
It is an electronic instrument that has a large accuracy and are mostly preferred in large
projects .It is less time consuming and overcomes human errors over a great extent making things
easier
Select the suitable station point such that all the points of the polygon is visible clearly.
NA
C
PROCEDURE
Take the reference point and set the co-ordination (0, 0, and 0).
Place the prism on the first point and focus it and measure it for getting co-ordinates of that
point.
Similarly, get the co-ordinates of different points of the polygon.
Finally, place the prism at the first point and measure it for complete closed polygon.
Go to graphical view and see the polygon.
AN
Place the total station and level it and centre point of the station is noted.
Go to calculation 2d area and get area of the polygon.

STEPS TO BE FOLLOWED:
Level it
Change to mode B
BL
S function
OG
FLOW CHART
Set the co-ordinates (0,0,0) on reference point
Place the prism at point 1
IL
Focus it and measure
IV
Similarly for all the point and get co-ordinates
NA
C
Finally, place the prism at first point for closed polygon
AN
Calculation 2D area

TABULATION:
X- AXIS
Y- AXIS
9.620
2.675
6.850
30.496
4.436
43.923
35.229
105.301
1.579
71.434
106.102
1.524
75.459
77.736
57.351
1.541
80.605
25.019
1.519
2.631
1.561
1.559
1.532
BL
IL
84.241
IV
NA
C
9.592
1.565
1.570
AN
Z- AXIS
OG
POINTS
TOTAL AREA= 6378.887m2
AN
NA
C
IV
IL
BL
OG
RESULT:
2
Thus the given area in measured as 6378.887m .by using a total station.

Survey Camp

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Survey Camp

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CE-2357 SURVEY CAMP

A SURVEY CAMP REPORT

In partial fulfilment for the award of degree

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI-600 025

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Who carried out this survey camp work under my supervision.

Department of civil Engineering,

Department of civil Engineering,

Head of the department,

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We students of civil department would like to thank our Assistant professors

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1A .SINGLE CHAIN METHOD

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(SINGLE CHAIN METHOD)

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OBJECTIVE OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SURVEYS

CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGULATION AND TRILATERATION SYSTEM

LAYOUT FOR TRIANGULATION:

Single chain of triangles:

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Double chain of triangles:

Centered triangles and polygons

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DOUBLE CHAIN METHOD

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DETERMINATION OF AREA BY SIMPLE

Triangulation is the process of establishing horizontal control in the surveying. The

For calculating the sides of a triangle,

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DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

TO FIND HORIZONTAL DISTANCE:

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

C`D`2 = CÌ 4 2 + DÌ 4 2 2* CÌ 4 * DÌ 4 * COS

B`C`2 = BÌ 3 2 + CÌ 3 2 2* BÌ 3 * CÌ 3 * COS

A`B`2 = AÌ 2 2 + BÌ 2 2 2* AÌ 2 * BÌ 2 * COS

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

DOWNLOADED FRoM http://annacivil.tk

TOTAL AREA= 854.76 m2