ZENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA TAAAIKH EMANAZTAZH @ANAZHE ITATIAPHIAL H yévvnon evoc E€voucg agriver nepBOpIa évapins x@pi¢ va plEoULE ja oro xeid5n efeTaoTixt| yaNd O° AUTO MoU ovoLAZOULE «EBvOC». Modavtag KaTd KnoI0 eyKUKAONAIBIKO tpONO, OvOUA- Zoupe «8vog» 11a otaBeEpr avBparivn KoWotHTa, Baoiouevn OY Ko yAGOOA, Thy NepLOX EBAQIKHS KATOIKIAG KAI TIC LOTOPIKES napadécerc. ev xoetdzerat va elvat Kaveic e16iKd¢ via va KaTAAGBet aueoas ou ta napandve dev eivat apKerd via va xapaKtnpicow éva EBvOS. Ta napanaver uniipxay omy apxaia EAAG6a m.X., GARG HOvo Oo: byxpovor EdAnvEs eivat é8v06. Edo Kaheirar Kar nat oe BoGera n euneipiKt Napationon. H onoia, ofepa ma, euxepdg anogaiverat oun évvoia tou «éBvoUG» eivat agexopiom™ and Tov GTopiKo ~ NOAMIKd Napdyovta. Me dAka Advia, and tm Snuioupvia AH Ty tHon Snutoupyiag Tou eBviKOD Kparous. loropikd @awoyeva «KaBapd», wg ywordy, dev uNdpxouv. H aviianyn oi 01 tSée¢ wovEs Tous bev NopobW va KAvouY tinote GMa yivovral uAtKr) Suva Hdvo Stay ayKaAKoouy IG UAZEC, ON aver, o€ TedeuTaia avaAuon, Ot Ta 1oropIKa (PaIvoHEVa EKENAO- vovrat, Spouv Kal emiBpobv WEG THE avravaKAaori¢ TOUS OTM HAZIKA = dpa, omy «KowvaviKt}» ~ ouveldnon. Orav SnAGdr 10 oiivoho Tov oxéocwy Snutoupyricet My anapxs lag tetiag ouvelBnonc. Motos eivor, adfBeta, 0 napayovtac nou SnjtoupYei to avayKaio ungdagog auTou MoU ovouAZOUHE «eBvext} ouveISnon™, Ta nopiovara tou 1oropiKod UAIKo elvai OAO@AVEPA OTHY andy- mot) 10Us: © KamtraAtous, ot KaniTaAtotiKes oxéoeIg Napayayig. Movo autég pnopouv va Snutoupyioouy TIg oIKoVoUIKES Kat KoIVEa- viKéc npounodéceic, Ue GAAa Adyla, Tov tpéNo ZaAIg, MOU Kaver avaykaia my eOviKi} opyavaon, dpa thy e8vixt ouveldnon, ‘Aut dev unopei mapa va Has OBnyrGet oto cUUNépacua out Ta ala © i510 To Ba nou diaAeEaye eiver rét1o Wore dev Ua 671. H nepionun aur @pdon avi- Ket at0 AouBoBiko 140, to «Baohid Halo» (1638-1715). H_mirjong @pdon exer onpacla: «NopiZere, Opia, O11 To xpdtoG lode oEIG; TO Kparog eltas ev» KOMMOYNIETIKH ENIOEQPHEH £8Vn kar ta c6viKG KpAT eivat, Ge avTIEdn HE Tm YvouN Tou K. Manappnyénoudou, @aivoueva oxeTiKd npdowara, paivoyeva nou eupavigovtat kat avantdaoovtat Hdvo ue Thy eu@dvion Tou KamTa- oud. Kai kara 1m yvoun was, auté mpayyat oupBoivel, ye Bu0 Lovo em@uAdkeig nou, aAABOTE, aNhOg evioxvouy To ouLNépaopa: 4@) Ta 86m euwavizovtat uovo Le Tov KaniTaNIoH6 aAAG oTn BdoN loropikév xapaktnplotiKdy Mou npoUnapXoUV Kat B) Ta £8yn (Kat Ta c6viKd KpaT, Tédo oav TeTeAEOHEVN HOPOA 600 kat Gav Téon) EnpaviZovtai yovo HE Tov KaNITANOHd, GAG Bev neBaivouv yagi tou. H avtidetn drown anotedei, Kara’ ™ youn, ag, o@dAua Kat’ dvpanov. © podoc me FadAutig Enavdotaan¢ omy KamiTaNoTIKt avayop- ‘won Tou Kdatiou éivai Mpowaviig. Me Bacn doc einaye napanave, a npconaéjcouye va GaticouLE To pod Ing Enavéotacng omy nopeia te eBvixric Sianop@eans ths FaAAiac. And to mpo-Efvoc ato mpwto-E8vog kat, peta, oto E@vog Q¢ To 1789, ot «ado Sev anotehowv éBvoc. Fiati auta ta eloaywyika NOU ENOPOUY va SnuloUPyToouv MapeEnyrgeIc F aKOUN, kat evoxAntixés avtidpdoeic; Pati we mv éKppaon ot «PadAoi evvoouue Tous KaToiKoUg tou Baotkeiou Kai TH¢ yewypagiKTC éxraon¢ nou KaAUnTEL, Me GAka AdyIa, eves peoaKoviKo’ KpaTOUG ‘ANOAUTAPXIKHG — HoVAPXIKAG HopOAG Nou Sev eival CBVIKO. Qotdd0 kat evdc HEGaIwvIKOU KAATOUG anoAUTapXIKAG — Hovap- xk HOPENC Mou dev elvai eBviKd, GAAG éxet apxicet va yiveral. Exel, uadtora, apxicet va yivetai wow tN¢ idiag tou tng EEeALENC Of anoAutapxikd. H nadtd xapodeononkr — apiotoxpatikr} Hovapxia yivetat aUALKT — aptotoxpatixr. To meoudapyxiKd — apiatoxpatikd — SiaonaotKd oro1xeio (ovapxia driou o Hovdpxn¢, aNAde primus inter pares, e§aptarai and toug HayiopSoyouc) diver m Béon tou oto Peousap- XIKO GPIOTOKPATIKO — OUYKEVTPwTIKO (aNdAUTN YOvapyia énoU Nn AUAt, OUyKEVTIP@LEVN OT BaoWiKH) Npwretouda, Eival o Popsac ‘ME MAfpoug eEoudiac). To npduo PEoUdS|apXIKd KPATOS TOV 1oXup@v Tonapxdv napaxwpei tn BON TOU ato UaTEpO, To PeoUdap- XIKO KparOG OnoU «to KpaTOS Eijat even" Ot KowavikoiotopiKés Cuvéneres Ba Eival Spayatixéc. a) Apdoxaipr) evioxuon tn¢ eEouviag Twv apiotoKpatav aAAd ye tiunua Ty évtaon, duXvd, Oto énaKpo, Tov xapaxtnpLoTIKaV Tov absentee landowners. H apiotoKpatia oto obvoAd TC viveTal pia orev opdSa Cav ATHY KOPUET THG KoIVaviag Kal eE@ an’ auTIly. Evtinwon nou, ddAwote, dev eivat xwpig nepiexdueve Kai nou 6a. ex@ppdcel, dtav EAGcin Gpa, o Sieyes. B) Mepiki} evorioinan tng eowrepiKiic ayopac, Kdnola evioxuon, Ox! Nava EuKaTagpovnTn, TH¢ aoTIKII¢ TENG. AieUpuvoN, NocoTIKT) KAI MOIOTIKH, TAY EUNOPEULATIKGY Kal VOLIGUATIKAY OXECEwV, OO kat peyaAutepn exromion Ts quaIKTIg O1KOVOHAG. y)Aidonaen tng apiotoxpatiag. H uovapyiKi) eouoia, npoona-LTENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA TAAAIKH EMANAZTAZH Savras va Steupuver th Baon ms Kal va Suvaydoet To TayeVaKd THE ommpYHa, KaedS KAI THY KpaTIK EvoTNTA, EparOTPONE! HE TOUS : sundpous*, To Kevo yiverar OAo Kai HeyaAdTEpO Avaya OTM QUAI ki} apioToKpatia, nou, «ag éva, duxvd NOAL wikpd aAAG XapaKTHpIOTI- KO BaGHO, «diaBpdverar and Tig alec me aovuxrig TENG Kat THY enapxiaxt epioToxpatia, n onoia, yia Abyoug oroIxelaB0uG aUtO- ouvtpnong, npookoMAarat He @avatioud ota Eenepaouéva me povouta E66 afiZei va toviooue tm coBapdram onyadia tg iiag m¢ Snutoupyiac Tou Ueyadou eviaiou Kat ouyKevtpaTiKo’ KpGTOUG. EEU- MpeTavrag Tig avayKes THC HeCaLViKTIS KoIvaviAG OF jta don THE avantugig Ts, n véa auTA KpaTIKt) HOPON Yplyopa Ba Yevvrjaet TO vexpo8dom THs. ANAadH véEc KoIwovKes Suvauerc, 1 onoieg vi- vovtar, and ty Gnown Nov Has anaoxorel €5a, 01 gopelg to e8vIKOU MveOUAtoS. Nvewuatoc, to onoic, oTIG oUverKeS mE enoxiig, Sev unopei va un oTpégerai KateuBelav evavtia OMY ap ‘otoxpatixt anodutapxia. TapdAAnda, 10 veo aut KpGtos Kivnronotel auTés TI SUVaEIS axpiBg yiati dev eivar, oUtE jinopEi va elval, 1600 véo 600 exeives @a 10 Oehav. To véo Guykeviparix6 Kpato¢ efaKohoUBel va eivai ABpo\pa enapyiav MOU evOEnKav KAT aNd To oTéuUA oe SiagopETIKES enoxés Kai Siampouv To ousiaotiKb KaBEoTaE Nou eixav 6tav evd- @nkav. XwpiZovrai uetakU Tous Ue Tedavela ~ noAuapIOLA, aAA@- . OTE, KAI OTO EOWTEPIKO TOUS — NPAYHA lou. and éva anUeiO Kat Uotepa, apxiZet v’ aneiAei to euNdpI0 Ue aoguEla, To voulxd kaBeoté noIKikel, GUXva MOAY, amd entapxia ve enap- xla. To yeyovec auto, Nazi pe To S11 ta wéTAA Kal Ta oTABUA (KabAC Kal, 06 opiouéver nepintdoetc, To voutoua) Erion Biawépouv. Ka- ) Vel Thy EvoTNTG TOU KPATOUS EMIOWGAH KAI MaPEVOXAEl ANOPAI- ——_2, ey elvar xaplc evSia@épovn ‘uid tig ouvadAayés, rnaparripnon avaASyav @aNouevay H yAoooixr) evérnta entong Sev eivat oiyoupn, aAAG H' aut 6" ora maloia Kal Tou aoLaTIKOO Eva akdun, noAU coBapd, eunddio ot HetatpoM Tou veoU — OBauaviKH AuroKpaTopia. MOAAEG HovapxoanokutapxiKoU KPATOUG Ge EBVIKO Elvan MOAMTIKA TOU ouy- OUANTHOEIG eFaxodousel we or kpéman. H mAouaia Kal YaANIKr} Kat die@vriG Meipa Belxvel avavtip- HEPA Va MpoKaAel (kat elke ane \ non pnta ori n «edéw Beot» povapxia épxetai de ouciddn avtiBeon HE bat passe nl re noe ‘aoxoAnBooue napaKéite. éoubapxKoU xpaTous, énsc Nn qutt} th diadikadio". a ae . tha yoportnplaw® oroyeio nou Seiwet m uevaporat ward- HOBBES homo nos Tov OBauaM- otaan Tou KpaTouc eival o oTpatdc. eundpouc Kai Tous Biotéxvec. H Oi nadtoi otpatoi Tav empépous apioToKPATav EXOUV MA NAWEI —npoondéerd Tou rhtav nN EvioxUON va undpxou" Si rewoul alee ae © jovog orparég nou unapxel eivat o KaTIKoG OTPATés. Kpa- _viag», cav nopaybvreW evioxuane ‘uKés, He Thy éwoia Kat’ opxtiv, Ot evar évag Kat HOYOS oTOV “mC anoAurapxItg efoUdLaG tou. apxnyo tou KodToug, BnAaBr oro BaoiAis. KpaTixds KaL We Wa TpIM |. Kato! auto tov towéa, Lexie, éwvo1a: Aev xpnwatodoteltat and wiatixés nnves. ore rel eso ees ae ae Tlapadnha Sev eivai eOvnds. Kar’ apxt, Sev omplzetal OTA sacs Wowychigy’tpemnOtce eho unoxpeotin Yeu) orpaToloyla, akAd eval Buulo80s. Eva nokD TH xu hieyako 1epoc Tov, loag n MeIoyNgIa Tov avbpov TOU, BE MBOEP- —Dhagea vanes no Soe oral Kav and 1H FAAAG, aXAG eivar EEvoI wIOBOGOpOA (eE OU KAI OI Karaorpagel Eve UEpIS BRO VON Aeplonuoi «EABerol» nou n dypia avtlovaoh Tous Kat n BONG EniBE- Beoyoug tou Meoslova, yages Ghroug éxavav va peUoet pBov0 aia owt¢ 10 AUYOUOTOU 1792). exatd gopee mio pronto Orn de 01 Béoeig tav GEaparKay anotehobv ex officio xOpO Tov Yovay todg anduetve>.0 4. EE ou Kat éva yAaooIKd yn uueio: Erm yaduxn yaoooa, cadet onaiver «5eutepdroxoge. Enual- vel, ous, Kal sa8nTti¢ oxparia- ‘tutig OxoANG, EvEAMIC». 5. OUre aura éheinay. Xepaxtn- piotiR) uniipfe | cuotmuaTIKh anaoxdanon te EuvraKtiKiG We TO ‘axaveades npopAnua tev princes allemands ‘possessiones en Alsace (epuavov npweninay ye Krhoeig ‘omy Adoaria), EvBia@épov éxei v' avagépoune Kat avahoyo edAnviK® apaderyya. Eva, omy AvaBewon- ‘tet Bouhf| Tou 1911, 01 ouzntnaeie yea tm Adon tou ayporixon NpoBAA. ates, nou enmeviooverar om GeaoaNla, grdvouv oto anoKopi- Gaya roUG, 0 npEoBeurig me Toupxiag omy AGriva éxave 616. Bnua omy KuBépvnon Bevizehou Vid va exppdoei ty avnouyia tou Wa tic ToupKiKés 1BioKtnales, KOMMOYNIETIKH ENIGEQPHEH lov. O1 SeuTEPOTOKO! Tov TeAEuTAIOV Exouv wpla GEN» oto aTPATS Nevo Kar HOvO ylatl elvat TéTIOI*. O Teeutalog otpaTwiKds KavomoHes tou Madiod KaBeotaro¢ (1781) anéxAeioe cagéorata Ka8e LN-ap\oToKPaT and ta oTpaTia- Tika aftapaTa, KAelvovrag KAGE Tuxdv KeVO Mou EvdeXdHEVA UMTpxE. eg 108. toi éxouue nArion my evlaue0n e1KOva: Evag otpatbs dnou o xopodeorionixds xapaktfipac Kat r) xepobeoronKt emippor} éxouv exundewotei, KpaTixos Kal oTMpIYHEVOS OTHY KwvNTONOINON HeYdAOV hazdv. AnAadi évag oTpATSG Nou NapoUAdzE! évtova «eBVIKGs YapaktpiotiKd. Mapardnda, évac orpares Kal TuMKA aordiKds, nou n KaoTIKA) KUpIApia TE apIOTOKPATiaG EEad@ARIZETAI LE VoLI- Ka UeTpa evavtia ce KOE «5IGBp~@ON» (NOU, Gav emEpoUG eKOr- aon tng tdong «eSviKoMoinonc, éxet fdn apxicet. Prati, akAwote, © o1patiatiKds KavovioHes Tou 1781 eival 1600 eniyovos:) Evdeién me uetaBatiKéomrag Kat ol Heténera egedigers. H Unap§n eves ibn KevTpIKOU KPATIKON OTPATOU Ba SieuKOAUVEI aro- adioTIKA Tv E@apLOYN To UEAAOVTIKGY YeVIKAY EmioTpATeLOEOV tng EupBanarig. Or akauatiKoi, apiotoparixtig npoéAsuons, Ga anoneipa8ouv va duvopoThoUV, aAAd ta KaTéTEpA oTpATIOTIKG OTEAEKN, GOTUKIIC f MANBELaKTIC KaTayoyNiG, Ba vivou Ta otpaTIAT- kG omnpiyata Tou enavactatixol KaBEoTeTOS. av aplotoKpaTiKdv oIKoyEVEK Tladt6 Bapédu, kawobpyto Kpaci H [bia n avaderEn avtinpooénev tay enapxioy Kat n anooTON ‘ous oTI¢ BepoaAlieg eivat éva Selypa Ot uia véa loTopiKA| npaya- cuKomTa yevustat. AMBeIG, Tt ofuaive auTH n SiaiKagia, omy ‘onoia nripay pépog NOAAG ekaTouULpIa dtoua, av xt TH GdO@IEN Taw deoUdY UEOA a" GUTd To avopoloyEvés GUVOAD aNd wEoUsaP- xiKég enapxies, ekkAnowaotiKég nyeyovies, eAeUBepec nOAeIG, Bal- Aieg, BaoikiKes KtHoeIG Kal, akOUN, «Eévar THyLdpLa:® To xapayua yiac e8viKg avtinpoowniag enKe@ariig jag eBviKrig ovrdtntag evar NOAU @avepd. Efioov oavend¢ eivai Ka! o HeTaBariKes xapaKThipag tng Ct wu. 01 avtinpoownot Sev evar «nAnpe~ouoior tou evouy. Eivat MAnpefovoI01 Tay LepapxIKay weaatavIKoV TaECwv, EE OU Kal Ty LEH yakng onpiaiag ovopadia «Zbvodoc tav FeviKiov TAESiv». Or NAN PEEL Bev duvépxovtar OMY Np@teoUGA, aAAd om BACIAIKl uN}, Oxt oto Mapia: adAd orig Bepoadiec. Auth axpiBioc n 5iopobHevN KaTAoTAGN avayieda oto YeoALaVE 0 BaviAcio Kat TO KanITaNOTKS E8vo0¢, avdyeoa omy aplotoKpa xt} KAOTIK tepapxla KAI TOV «EBviIKO®, aNé tT @UON TOU, AOTIKS kovoBoukeutioy6, avayesa oto xrE¢ Kal to aup.o, 8a EeKaBapiorel ong yeuares évraon e&edigers avaueoa onic 5 Man 1789 Kai nig 14 foudn 1789. Kar’ apxtiv, n dtexdiknon t¢ wiipou Kata Ke@aAh Kar Oxt KATO «tan» Siatundverai mpwv axdun apxicouv o1 epyagieg inc cUVOSoU ‘ev eivat SuoKoho va Soume yiati. Fra Bidpopa wétpa oiKovOUI- ol Kat Snyoo\ovpiKoU xapaKTrIpa Nou NpdtEIveE 0 BpovoG KavelG, omy npayyariKetnta, Sev Sia@avodce. Odor wvapigay BaujdoIeLZENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA TANAIKH EMANASTAEH | | | | | | | | ‘TV kpiown Katdotaon Tou Kpatous Kat Tt énpene va yivel, Motoc 6a To ékave O0¢; Edo rtav To KAeidI. Erg petappuSyloeig KowoBoureuTIKAG ong nou npételve n Tpitn TOE nepiKAciovtay noAiTiKés EvEp- yelec enavactatikdy Siactade@v nou a~aipovloay Ty KPATIKT) Kat TMOArTiKT ‘e€ouoia 1600 and thy anodutapxia O00 Kal and Thy aptoto- kparia. Nodd ypryopa, ta yeyovdta naipvouv poper) xlovooTiBddac. Mnpootd omy adtadAagia tev addy Takeav, n Toit Tagn (12 Jouvn) ano@adiZet va mpoxwprjoet wovn TH¢ TOV AeyXO Twv NANpE- Eousiey tov avtinpoodnav. Thv ddan wépa, 13 louvn, n Tpitn TAN ‘avaxnpicoet tov eautd tng o¢ «EBvoouvéAcuan>. Tlapaoupyévor and tov evOouiaoud tg Bpdon¢ Kal lows, éxnAnktor and thy i6ia Tm yonteia nou Ga npénei va Tous NpoKa- Aeoe n TOAUN Th¢ NapaKoT¢ NOC Tig BAGIAIKéC EVTOAEG, Ol aVTINPO~ owner, Npo@avas, Sev KaTaAGBalvav Tt akpiBG éKavav. Ehwepa eueic eiaote Kakvtepa os Bon va oraSpiooUNe TG evépyeres Tous. Eto1 Aoindy, ot avtinpdownor: ‘) Katapyouv Thy avtinpoownia tev Fevikdy Tagewy oro Baca Kat Snutoupyou thy e8viKt} avtinpooania, Odot Kat o KaBEvac Sev eval napa avtinpdcwnot tou EBvous. Etor, wetagd GAA@v, O1 avtt- npdoanoi, m@avorata xwpic va To KatahaBalvouv dyeoa, avolyouv kai To epa@tnua: Tore, 1 eival o Baowliag; ) Kavouv nupiive autic tg Koouoioropixtig adAayiig ty Tim TAEn — oF tehevtaia avakuon, thy aotix} taEn. Exot, eupavierat Eva pawvoyevo nou Bev 8a ndwei va UNdPXE! WE TY EMOXN WAS Kat ao@aAds yia NOAU KaIPO akoUN: N exSAAwon TNE e@vixti¢ ouvei- Bnon¢ cav «apxévovnc» Hopan ouveldnong TaEKe Kat NATURA. AdAd Ta Npayyara Sev ctapatobv £64: Zig 20 lovvn, unpoota nig adakiec adda HEN Pavepec BaoWiKés avtidpdceig, n Teitn Taén Kavet éva Biya axon. O nepipnHog «dpKog TOU Ee@aipratnplou» eratpénet thy «EOvoouvéAcuon» OF KUPIOAEKTIKH «povian Og Th a vikn Zbvo50». Lug 23 lowvn, n Tpit Tag Eavadeixver — aut) tT @opa, Mo ‘ToAunpd — th Suo@opia tH¢ anévavtt orn oTaon Tou @pdvou. KAeivet teAgiag 1’ auTid TH oI MKPEG ‘emmmarigeig tou AouSoBikou tou Y6ou nat - yevovos aviixovoto! ~ apveirar va piyel and ty al- Bouga Tay ouvedpidoev Otav exelvoc anoxapei, napa pnt tou Biarayn, Orav 0 Baormdg tedetapenc Breze épxerat ~ npayua | akOUN Mo avAKoUOTO ~ va UTEVBUHICE! OTOV Bailly, Npdedpo tm fuépac. tn Pao eniGupia, nalpvei wa Nod MOAY geph andv- Thon, n ontla ext6e Tou Ow eval avorxTd otaoIGOTKG, Elva! KAI TOD xapaxtnpiotikt pro OUyKEVTpUHEvO EOvog Sev jrropel va nalpver SraTaye Eng 24 louvn, n nAsiowngia tou KkAipou Npooxapel omy Tolmn Tagn, Eng 25 éoxerai Kat n npr oudida aproroKparov. Ero aot Ma, Bev evel Tinore GAAO and To va uTioTaXéEL Fro perafu, n TaKtixt} Evniepari«t] aAAMAOypagla Tv NAnpegoU- olay me Toizng TaEn¢ He IG enapyies Tous ebankdvel thy evracn Go oddKANON tn xR. H FON evrovdramn avnouxia alpver Sacra Seis npayuianixod nupetou. H mAnBetaxt woza Kwveltat. Ot «Tehd- §ndegr — anapaimnto weoo HaziKrIg evnLepwoNs ts enoxtie — ap~ VYauvrat va BiaBdcouv ta BaciAiKa diarayyara, Ta otpanwTiKa Thlh-KOMMOYNIETIKH EMIGEQPHEH hata nou naparaccovrat av @payHo! uNpooTd Ge TepdaTiEG Bia- BnAGoEIG, apvouvial va exTeAEoOuV TIC Siarayes HE THY oUPaVo- unKn taxi} nou, o1va-orya, aykahdzet OAn tn xHpa: Vive la Nation! H nanBetaxs yaza BAsnet and évotixto aur Tv aouvnetorn IEA, ‘mv 186a Tou eviaiou Kal KupiapXoU é8voUG, Cav aUTO Nou Elvat THY MpayyaniKomTa: Tov MpodyyEho evos vEou KOoHOU, lag véag enoxtic Ing 14 (o¥An, né@ter n BaotiMn, (© Bpovec, n apiotoxparia Kar, 6nws aya — a1yd @aiverar, éva tumua tng Tpitng TaEng Brérouv we MOAd weyadn avnouxia tov TANBeIaK6 PKioUiBep va KoUvaE! aSEEIa Kat Paptd Ta yivdvTIG WEAN, Tou. H oKéwn Te YEvIKTIC KATADTOANC, via JiG@opoUs AyouG, Bev teAeawopnoe. Ero1, oav LOvn diéEOHOG Eueive uta N|pooNdBEIA CUL- BiBaopot weak te HeyaAoAOTIKTG TAENG KAI TOU MIO CUYEVOUS ue utH turwatos tg apiotoKpatiag, nou BoriKe thy éK~ppacn THE omy tederh ing 4ng Auyooorou 1788 An6 thy Grown nou Hag evdiagépel EH, ovIG 4 AvYoUOTOU 1789 RapaimA@nkay and Ta npovould TOUT Kai BAG OL TOAEIG KaL OF enapyles. To uevancio me avatponns Napioravetat Aounpa and tov Mathiez aH eBagin Kat noAmuRt evdtnta eixe, entéXous, ouuMAnpwdel. ‘Ané Bw Kai népa, Sev 6a unrjpxav enapxies pe ouveeuoeig TAEewav kat enapyieg Tov exAoyav, enapxieg anokevwHeves orKovoutKd ‘nou e@apyozbray To “KaT’ éBiLlov" SiKaio Kai MIepIoxé¢ érIoU e~@ap- Ho%TaV To POYAIKO Bikalo. Bev Ga UMpxay ma Nro@weZor Kat NpoBnykiavoi, Aadg tn Bperavnc Kat Aads tg Bepync. En FaAKia, @c unripxav udvo TaAAoI, nou 8a uNdyovTay OTov i5i0 voHO, Sextoi oF dkeg Nig UMNpEvIes, Nov Ba MAr|pwvav Tous iGioUS @opoUG. Ze Aiyo, n Zuvraxtiki) 62 KaTapyioet TOU TithoUG euyeveiag KAI Ta oxKonwa, axOuA Kat Ta Naka BaoWkiKa Mapdontia Tou Ayiou Five hato¢ Kat Tou Ayiou AouBoBiKoU. Evag lconeBaTiKdg oSoorpwtH|pas népade EooviKd navio and éva €Bvo¢ Tou, and avdves, Fitav xopI ouévo oF otevés Kéates», : Npa—n Fou xai avnouyias, n evépyeia mo 4ng AvyouotoU éyive, Adve mg yeuKrig KaTaOTAONS te xOPAG, BKeIvO aKPIBAG NOU Sev rBedav Ot auTOUBYo! THE — eMavaoraTiKt. OL oKEWeLg ‘TAY UKpOWUXEG, To aNoTEAEOUG TOUS eYarEIdSeg: To Ka\voUpyIO €8V0¢ ViKNde OAOKANP|TIKG To LeoAKaVIK BaGiAEIO. AUTO To 1oTOpIKd yeyovds Seixvet KAI KATH AAAO: OT1 TO EOVOE Kat To e0vixd Kpdtog cival 1oTOpIKES KaTHYOpIEg TOU GUVEéoVTa xi Ovo Le thy epwpavion Tay KANKTaAIOTIKOY OXEEaV GAAG KAI LE THY Mpod@non m¢ aouKric taEN¢ OTH eEousia. Tiaritepa kot Paditepa ‘And 84 kat népa, n eEEAIEN 8a civat téta nou 6a BaBiver Kai 6a dreupover autr) tv EEEAIEN. Tov Oxrépn Tou 1789, opioyéva yeyovora oni BepaadAieg nou 8a epunveuBoiv oav andneipa avtenavactatiKo npakiKontyar0s, ‘epvouy éva doBapotato anoTéAEoLA: n BOOIAKKH OiKOYEveIa [ETC ‘epeTaL oto lapiat. H KoWavIKH Zah «eBviKONOIEiTal» aKOUN NEPLO- Obtepo: H «BaoWAt| npatedoudae eyKaraheinerar, yagi we iy GaLZENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA FAAAIKH ENANAZTAZH ‘Ng, Anutounyeltar éva ovo KevEpO mg HPAG, To «eBViKo» KEVEpO. H BaowiKh oxKoyévera Sev unopodce va yeroiKroei oto Mapiot XopIg fia avAAoyN Roun. Ag pigouNE a yaTIa o' auUTHv, OMG YAS TMV MepIyPa@oUV Odes oI Mnyés tg Enoxr. Hopnh, Kat’ apxtiv, orpanwotixt, onae apudzer otny nepintaon. And otpanidtes, ouxva xepig KaNEAG A UNexava Th UE xITOva ‘avéueha Eexouuinata Kai ue Ta énAa eEigou avéuena piyuéva otov Ono. Ga nepiveve Kaveig nodAd auaia Kal MpdyaN, uNdpxouy TOAAG. Kapa nou oépvouy ddoya Kai LoUAdpIa, xwpig KOUBOUKAA “ug nepioobrepEc Wopes, MevAAN n napousia Tou yuvaiKelou (UAL. Ero ueyaddtepo Uépos Tous, MAUOTPEC Kat wavBIo0ES Tov ayopav ‘Ng NwrevoUCAS enevoNHOWY Ty aKaTdoTaT OTPATATIKT NOUN H undpa Kuda os aveEavtAnta KiuaTa, Kéto Kat and thy enidpach ME, Npo@avas, NEwToUV Boox! ot eneugnuies via tT ZuvTaKTIKH nou uetawépet oto Napio, via va KatoIKT}GoUv «avayeoe OT Aad ToUG» TO «@OUPYAEN, TM sPOUPVAPIOGA® Kal TO «@PoUPYApETOUAD» onag Ave euduua autEs 01 avaBEs yuvaiKes. 73 H [61a Oy auto’ TOU yeyovoros ~ t600 avr}xoUGT 890 Kat TO i610 To yevovdc ~ Sev undpyer aupiBodia oui énaige anogad.oTIKe pORo oIny napanépa ekEAEN Tov NpayHatav. Kat’ apytv, EBsike ‘kOun Kal Ora nio TakavtEvoyeva OTPSWaAra THs apIoToKPaTiAG TO @oBepd Kiv6uvo nou anoteAEi auTd to Ka\vOUPYIO +£8VOG> Kat OKAF}- puve 60a Toug thy aypia andgacn va To Ekovtdoou He KOBE ‘pono. Eninpoobera We ToUG ywwETOUG TAEKOLIG KAI KaDTIKOUG Ad- Yous, to otoixeio tg npoowmutig raneivaonc Suvaydoe tic (die¢ npoBéoeIG orn BaoiAIKr OKOVEVEIG Kai OTO NepIfiaAOV INC. TlapaA- Ana, divet véa Bron o1n oidonaon tng Tpitng TaENc, waveph and uc BepoaAAies, axoun. Eva onwaviK® Tunya tev «Mlarépav Kat E6voug» Sev uunopei KaBOAou va OULBIBadTE! WE Thy 15Ea evog 28vouc ériou Ba KUPLApxOUV O1 NAVOTHEG Kat oI AaxavoudES, Ero efrig, n moAmixi) Zwh\ @a oSnyrjoet Oo KI Mo Badd Tov eOviKe oxniatioud Uéoa aNd pia BiabiKaoia énou n eBviKT} Kat"4 KOWMOYNIETIRH ENIGEQPHEH Tax) ouveiBnon 6a BaSicouv o' éva afedidhuro Zeuyapl. ‘Auto to BAEnouye a” dda Ta yeyovbra Ts EnOxAc. 1) Eto xapaxripa twv KpatiKiy opyavey Kal Tav KpatiKiy @eopav. : H6n and tic apes ing eod8ou evavtia cm BaotiAdn, Snuroupyei- rai n EBvixh Opoupd, ovouacia, aawaric, KaBodou Tuxaia. Oute eivat tuxaio to xapaxmnpioTixe via th UETaBaTIKoTNTA TM¢ KaTd- otaong yeyovdc O11 n Tpixpwun Kovkap6a, NapadooiaKd euBAnua Mg @BOUPAG THE MdkNG TOU Napisiod, yiveta! TopG EYBANHA Ing Napioivnig E6vogpoupec Kat, de Cuvéxeia, EBviK DUEBOAO, Kai dev pnopodue va un cnue@ooupe 6ti o PoBeaniépoc, ong ‘OUyKIVMtIxEG Kai 1600 OfUBEDKEIG OEAIBEG TOU iG TO KABOAIKO ExAO- YiKO Sixciayia nou avértuge unpoord o¢ ia KOUDA ZuvtaKTiKf oT 1790-91, BAéner kaBapd TO KABONKS EKAOYIKO Sixal@ua Gay éva E90 eBvintic odoxAnpwons. 8) Emy «e8vixonoinons tou iGiou tou Kpatous, npdyya nou Yivetar wow tng evdtntag Tou Kai peda and Lia SiaBiKacia oKANpAG oArtiarig naanc. Me thy avatponr tng Hovapxiag. n. Repunblique Une et Indivisi- ble (Mia xat Adiaipetn AnuoKpatia), nou via Np@TN @opA ava@epE- Tai ong 25 EentéuBon 1792 eivai, oro modimixd AEEAYIO Ts eMoytig, to veo eBviKO KpATOG, CAV «5oxelo» Tay VEwv, KaMITOAK otiKav oxéoeav, Bev eivat aogakas Tuxcio ont 7 GdyKPOUGN avaueca Oto Opog kai ™ Fipdvn Ga @récei oe onpeio napofuouoN via éva Béya NOU ‘eueic onuepa @' anoKaAovoaue «eBviKo NDOBANua. Eta 1792, o1 Fipovdivo: npoteivouy éva oxé510 oOOMovdiaxng Sapepwong TE Fadkiag nou 8a o6nyodse om peyaan efa8evion Tov KevIpIKoY Beoudy. O KUpIog AdYOS MoU Tous CdAyNdE oTHY Mpdtaan ftaV to axpamnto widog tous evdvtia oto Mapios, nou éoreiAe orn EuuBarixh ovo Tous Opewors. Qovo90, 0° auTH Thy anepioxentn evépyera aiverai Kabaoa Kat éK@pAIN Twv LOXUBOY axoUN TOMIKLOLAY, ja ‘kOuN avokoKMipwin EBviKT OAOKAN|PwON. AUTO Seixvet KAI N KATO ivf) MpoondGera tov Tipovdivev va opyavicouy e&eyepon ota Biayepiouata te xopag Autd, GMawore, édenve and thy apxt n idia n NpoeAeuon Tov Mipovdivav, exopaotav Kupling tov dia8Eoeav tay peyaAwv euno- DiKoV KEVIp@Y THE AUONE Kai TOU NoTOU. Emy nepiodo curr, akizer va napamnphooune ou om FadAia efaKooubei, onwe @aivetal, va EKoNA@VETAI o avray~wwoyds Bop- /a-NotoU, Nou ypovodoyeitai axdyN] aNd TOUG NOAEUOUG TOV AABI- ynviv tou 12ou aiava, Mpaypan, ot enapxieg tou Boppa Seixvouv YEWiKA ja NOAU \xUPOTEPN OPEWH KAI LaKwBiviKF) Tao aN’ Ott OL enapyieg tou Notou Napadanda, dev npéner Kai va uNEpBAAoULE: Ero NbTO, ot uNO- ompixtes ing Enavaotaong bev Edewwav KaBOAou Kal nag eivat yootd, 1 edniba tov TipovBivav (kai Tay povapyKdY cUMaxaY Toug) via pia yewanh unooTNpLEN Nou Ba ouvavteuDe n avtenavacTa- ‘u«n T9UG eopunian oto Noto Kat o1n AuaN SiayeuornKe omTpA. TO 18:0 OuveBN Kai ue to “Quoonovdioyd» nou oUTE KaL AUTOS BAKE 1m yeuxn| unootneign oro NOtO Kai evive, avtiBera, n mo Bavdown katnyopia evavtia oroug Fipovdivous. ¥) Emy se8viKonoinon mg waghs uvelbnancs,LZENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA TAAAIKH EMANAZTAZH Xapaxmpionixt eivar n eudvion Kai Bayiaia enixpdtmon tc Wéag tg natpiBac Gav seyAANG oIKOYévEIaG»*, AUTO To BASNOULE kaBapa otov nepignuo otixo ALLONS, ENFANTS DE LA PATRIE (Eumpdg, nadia mg natpidac), apxh tne Bpudrkric «Maooahd- Bag». Ero i510 autd BpudKs euBarrpio BAEnouue Kat tic avtiBé- oeig, # Kat avtipacerc, lag efaipetiKG modUMAOKNG diaBiKaoiac. Onag civar yword, To euariplo ypagmKe and tov Rouget de Lisle oro ErpaoBoupyo, via va xonowever oav «EuBanipio tng Erpa- Tidg tou Privour otig HovabeG LNxaviKoU ms onoiag UNNPETOUDE o 810s. Eto Epyo utd Tov napaxivnae o Aoatd¢ SrhuapXos TH NAAN Tou Eixe TO eAAXIOTA VAAAIKO dvoLA Dietrich. O tereutalog at n oiKoyéverd Tou UNTipfav ot NP@TOL axpoaTés Kal EXAAVOBIKEG Tou eunvevoyévou exeivou enavactatiKod Uyvou. OuTE eival, aopards, Tuxaia n EppaviaN — Kat LGALoTa, apKETa pai ~ tg AEENG «natpLdTHg» Gav TaUTotMHNG HE Thy évvo1a TH «onaSoi kat unepaanioth tng Entavdotaon¢». Eva ado xapaKThpI- CoTIKO Tg NoAMKAG Mponayavsag THs entoxtig elvat Nn NapoUdlaon Tg Mapiac~Avrouavétag, Kong tou AuToKpatopa TG Avotplag payKioKou Tou A’, cay «AuoTpIAKTiG™. Eva Biya napanépa Tlap@XAnia, n idia-n FaAAir Enavéoracn deixver ta onéyn rou n i&ia n enavactatiKt AciAania @Bei npog ya KatevOuvoN dou N Zar ue0a ora cviKd MAcioia telvet va Eenepaotei. Emmy npayyani- Koma, n TaAAKA Enavéoraon eval exeivn Om0U n «OIKOULEVIKT avtiAnun» nou eKepacer n aotixi tagn otny eESoHNeH tng pos THY efouoia gravel ato aviorato anueio T¢. Kar’ apxiiv, éva tétio noAd xapaxrpiotiKd onHdBt eivat TO ye yovds oti n Aiaxipusn tov Aika1oydTov eivat «tou AvEpanoU Kat Tou Fiokitn» yevixa, x@pic Kayla eBviK" StaKpIoN, Auto Nou 8a Xapaxtnpioe!, OE oUvEXeLa, ta Mo MpowOnuéva otoiyeia tng aovixtic TGEn¢ eivat n avtiBecr Tous ~ NOAAgs @opéC au8opuntn ~ npos Tic EBviKES MpoKATAAWEIG Kat Tov EnexTaTIOUO Téa eivan, n.x., n ordan Tou PoBeoniépou my évoiEn Tou 1792 kata ™ weyadénpenn cirykpousr TOU He TOV Brissot yia to Zita Tou moAéuou Kai ™M¢ eWprivns. O PoBeomiépog avuoTéKeral otn GidondAEuN Mponaydvda Tov «NpIGOTIKGVe (KaL LEAAOVTIKOY Ti- povdivev) Kai unepaoriiZerai 10 Bixaloua tov dAAav Aaoy oTHV autodiééeon. H wedetn autic tng nepiédou éxet onpiaoia Kat yiati Seixver Ov1 0 euneperiavaotanicudc» ékpuBe Ic apnaxriKES Kal EKUETGAAEUTIKEG BiaBEoeIc mg aotiKH TaENC Tlond xapaxtnpiotixt) eivar eniong 1 «oTU@r» anoorpooh Tou IGiou autos PoBeomiépou drav xapaKmnpizet to TeAIKo ndvnua TE ouvraxrixrig emirponric via tov KaTaotatiKé xdprn tn¢ Anyoxpariag, und tv npcedpia tou ‘Condorcet: “«Ga bheye Kavels Oui n BiaxripusH cag éxet yivet yia éva Kondo. avépanvav mhagpatay TonoBetnBEvav OE ja Yovld Tou MAavrTh kal Ox! Via Thy TepdoTia o1KoyévEIa atv orola n @uoN é5o0e TH YN Yia Kri}Ya Kat x@PO Siapovrig» To«¢ KaLld (ond napaBAénerar to yeyovds Ott n Spayatixh oby- @. Mio award, 8a Ayaue «un. tpiBags, aged n exkéva ts, MOU ‘raurigetar we mg Anyoxpatiag, el- vat wa yuvaixa. Mia yuvalka, extog Tov éMov, apKerd orpoyyuheuewn, Mpdypa nou deixver Kat Tig aVvTIAH- WEIS Lag KoIvaviag SnoU To Wout Katto ‘heir KatovadloKovraL, Otav undpxouv, oe WeydAEg Nood- mites. 516 | | 7. «O00 iyo npamt} rat av eivat comix) Koivovia, xpeidomnnav, Gordo, © nowiouds, n autodvola, Nl Toouoxpatia, 0 euUAIog nd- Aeuos Kat O1 uGxes Tov eBvav ya vo ™ gépow orev Kbou0. Kal o1 ovoudxo! wN¢ BorKave OrWG auoTn- 90 KADIKeG NapaBOoKIG TNC Pur uaixnic Anuopatiag ta wBaviKd Kai Tig wopees mg TexMNG. TIG aUTO- néteg nou tous xpeidzovray via v fanoKpUYOUY ONO ToUG 15\OUG TOUS Tous EquTouG To NepIopIOLEVO aoTiKd nepiexduevo Tov ayavov Tous Kai yia va OUyKpaThooUY To 1nGB9G TOUS oto Was Tg HeYANS toropiatig tpayudiage (K. Monk, 181. Brumaire. 8. H @pdon auth Tou Saint Just (nou npotpxerai and ng ougnth- tig yia thy THxn Tou AouboBiKoU 160u) éxe NOdY HeydAN onjiaola yiarl, orn ovoia me, Beixver Oui 1a ‘io npoxwpnuéva ororxela mg Ena vaoraon¢ apxiZowy v' anoaKpl- vovtai and thy aout rf). O Saint Just e6@ nooBarder my wea HG loxenxomrag tng avepuming x vaviag cay Biabixaciag xnig tehog, Ia BooiKd avtidern ye my wea tng aotiKic TaEng tou 1789 (rat, @oBoiyacte, Ox! yovo TOU 1789...) Own Tedeia Kowovia evive ia mpayyatKorra Kat ott GAAN, Sev npdxertat va undpke. KOMMOYNIETICH EMIBEDPHEH kpouon tou Thermidor fray, ev HEpE!. Kat ObYKpOUAN YI" GUTS Nou ‘euels ofuepa 6" anoKxadoucaue «eOvixd ZATHHa™. H evn enideon evavtia orn FaAAia éxet aroxpoustel. H otpawe- “unt vinn éxet emiogpayiorei ue TH viKn OTM NeIoYETSON Kat Yio apxetés peg augipponn uaxn tou Fleurus (27 loovn 1794). Tapa, apxizer va umaivet to KaBiKov inc EmBiwENC THC ewprivnG. =époupe = and noddég nnyé¢. UETAgU OAkav Kat Eniones — ou yivovray nOAAEs oKeWerg yia SianpayareveIs HE BOON TY AOXH Taw «pu- OWKav Ouvopav» TH FaAAiag. MOAAG BEAN Tov Erutpondv (n.x., Couthon - dpa PoBéoniépog - npos tov Soubrany via to xeIp10U6 Tav Bepdtav tou lonaviKod HETONOY) MpoE\BonoI0Wv evavtia oto kataKtntixd Kat enextanixé nveiia. Kat 6uws, TaUtdxpova BAe nouue tov Carnot va oréAvel otOUs OTPATHYOUG Tou OT OTPATIG Tou BeAviou eyKuxAiouc, ypauuéves 0& UMOG KUVIKO Kal Wud, HE TG fonoieg Zara my ev TaXeI opydvaon ths OvoTHUATIKNG exueTar- Aeuang tne KaTaKTnwévnc xapAC. Or iBio1 oF exNPSo~rIOI TNS EuBa- ‘untig opyavavouy tm cuoTLATIKh Anatela TOU NaAaTivaTOU Kat Tov Yepbiavikiov wikonveyoviey Tou Privou. Onag navto’, ét61 Kar £5é eKOpAgETAL N XapaKnPIOTIKA ObY- kpouan tng FaAAiKri¢ Enavoraans. ATO Th Hie HEPIA, N «npWIKT autandm» avayaia via va @éper oT gon THY EAGxioTA NpwiKT aotiKi) Kovavia?, Kal and Thy GAAN, Ta OpIa Nou eMIBAdAouV ot Npayyarikés avayKes tg yewnons Kal avantugng te Kantad- otuxrig Kowvaviag, Xapaxmpiowixi) Kat n effi ef6AKn. Or Aavtoviorés vedrAoutor ‘anétuxav to Méptn-AnpiAn 1794 v" avatpéwouy ty EnavactariKxh KuBépynon. Avtigera, ot 16101 auto vednAouTo! (avauedd Tous, NGUMOAAOI Kai 01 gidoI TOU Danton) NéTUXaV aut Tov id!0 oKONd Tov loUAn tou 1794. Eivat nod AVIKO va uNOBEooUNE Ott aUTd Eylve yiati To Fleurus anéxpouoe opiotiKa, oto etagi, my Een, neiAn Kat avoxke oTn YaAAIKT} GOUKI} TaEN IG MOONTIKES THE EKUE- TaAAEvONS TOU Bedviou Kai Taw Napapprveiay Nepioxdv. Onaae Kat 0° adAouS TOHEIG, TOL KAI O° aUTOY OF «oIKOUHEVIKES avtAterg» nou 8a NpoBAkouv 01 nio Npwtondpor aotoi enave ordtes HTaV oUTOMIKEG Kai XOPIG Mv avayKaia LoropIK BoA. No- padAMAG, Ouws, anoteAcuoay Ty aKxaBOpI0™N KAI WeyaAoGUt MpoaloGnon wag UEAAOvTIKNE KoWWaviag «ory ONoIa o1 NPOAAWEIS hag 8a gaivovrat too aioBprivntes O00 Ge LAG 01 NPOAAWEIG TOV Bavdahav»" , kata tm HeyaAN PACH TOU Saint Just. Ov nAises tov id. Kat ta ayKa81a tov pdsov Kobi n Fadduth Enavaotaon untipge eva toxup npowBnuKd Bhua npdg thy eBuKt BtaZSppaon, Sev uNopotDE apd v' apxloet va Bydzei otny eni@aveia Kat ta doBapa ApoBAKWaTa TOU oxETIZoV- Tal We Tov enavaaratixd aurd ueTaoxnuaTIOd, Eva ano ta npoBinata mou and vapic anaoxddnoay 1 Euvro- ux firav to yA@ooRO, BNAABH N| TOxN TeV TonIKaV YAwOOGY HE- PikOv.enapxiav. Ténies Hrav m.x., Ta GARELAVIKG (5iGuaTa TV Ak oarav Kat, ev uépet, Tev AoBapiyyeiwv, omy AvaToAiKt FaANla, N Oftravr} yAoooa, ong N.4. neploxés, n yuoTnpIdSng yA@oOa TOV Biocon, ota B. Nupnvaia, n Bpetovun}, ota B.A., Kal miBavag KalTENTEMBPHE 1989 200 XPONIA TAAAIKH EMANASTAEH H apxixt} otdon tng Enavdotaong eivat npocextikth Kal aveKTIKY. 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