10 NGUYN L CN BN

CA BINH PHP TN T
(BS Vn Hi)
Tn T xut hin cch y trn 2500 nm vo thi Xun Thu,
Chin Quc Trung Hoa. Th nhng binh php ca ng
(cn c gi l binh th Tn T) vn cn gi tr cho n ngy
nay v vn c coi nh loi sch gi u ging cho nhng
nh chin lc, cc tng ch huy qun s, k c nhng
v lnh o ng cng nh Ty.
Binh th gm 13 thin, hm cha nhng nguyn tc v phng
php ng dng trong cc trn chin, c th c tm gn thnh
10 nguyn l cn bn m chng ti xin c trnh by v
nhn nh khi qut trong bi tiu lun ny.
Hiu bit v khai trin nhng nguyn l ca mt nh chin lc
i ti Trung Hoa ni trn s gip nhng binh gia, cc nh
chin lc , cc cp lnh o quc gia, cng nh nhng
v tng ch huy gt hi kt qu thnh cng.
Mi nguyn l ca binh th Tn T bao gm:
Bit Mu Th - Phng th - Bo ton - Ch ng
Li ng - Tc chin - Bo mt v Bin ha.
Chng ta hy cng nhau phn tch tng nguyn l mt.
1- BIT:
Ta thng nghe ni: bit ngi, bit ta, trm trn trm thng.
l nguyn tc quan trng trong binh php ca Tn T.

Tn t tng ni: Cc bc minh qun tng gii, mi khi

xut ng th t c thng li, thnh cng v vang l do:
iu bit trc. Mun bit trc khng th
cu qu thn, coi vic m phn on,
khng th suy nghim o lng, m phi do
iu bit r tnh hnh ca i phng...,
Mun bit th phi tm hiu, iu tra, nghin cu, dng gin ip,
dung tnh bo ly tin tc nhng phi l tin tc chnh xc,
khng sai lc, nu khng c th lm h k hoch.
Ngi a tin cn nm vng nguyn tc:
bit r th ni bit r, khng bit th c nhn l khng bit.
Tc ng Vit Nam c cu:
Bit th tha tht, khng bit da ct m nghe.
Nhiu ngi khng bit hoc bit sai, nhng c thao thao bt tuyt
t cho mnh bit ht tt c, khin cho ngi nghe thy r ci dt
ca mnh. Khng bit m hay ni ch cng l ci c tt
ca nhiu ngi chng ta. Nhng tin tc sai lc c th
a n hu qu tai hi.
Nh vy, tng ch huy hay nh lnh o phi bit mnh,
bit ngi. Bit mnh thy ci hay m pht huy, thy ci d
trnh hoc sa i. Bit ch thy ch mnh ch yu ca ch
m t ra k hoch tn cng, phn kch hoc phng.
Ngoi ra, ngi lm tng v cc nh lnh o lun lun hc hi
cu tin; t hc, hc ti trng, hc ngoi i, hc kinh nghim
ca ngi khc, ly kinh nghim ca ngi lm kinh nghim cho
mnh. Phi bit dp t i mi thy ci sai ca mnh, ci hay ca
ngi, mi mong lm cho mnh bit c vy.

2- MU
Mu l mu chc, mu lc. Ngi lnh o cng nh tng
ch huy phi bit dng mu chc nh thng ch.
Nu ch dng sc mnh m khng bit dng mu cng d
a n tht bi. Ta gi l hu dng v mu.
Mu lc l sp t mu k, sp t k hoch, c lch trnh
hnh ng. Mun c mu lc cn phi c ban tham mu
bn tho, sp xp k hoch, lm vic c phng php.
Tn T trnh by trong thin Thy K nh sau:
Lc cha chin m mu tnh thy c c hi thng li,
th thng l s thng.
Lc cha chin m mu tnh thy kh thng,
th t khi c thng.
Mu tnh nhiu, d thng; mu tnh t, kh thng.
Hung h khng chu mu tnh g ht, coi thy
trc thng hay bi nh th no ri.
Trong binh th ca ng, Tn T a ra 36 k (tam thp lc k)
c tm lc nhng mu chc ng x trong cc trn a
v mi trng chnh tr ng thi.
Nh th, i vi k ch nu ta khng mu lc t s
tht bi v s b ch gt gm.
3- TH:
Th l ci sc m ngi hay vt da vo to sc mnh.
Khi ta ng nu khng c th s d ng.
Cy khng c th s d nghing.
Nh xy khng c nn mng tt s sp .

C nhiu loi th: Th thin nhin nh a hnh, a vt, kh hu .

th lng ngi (th tm cng); th ti chnh, th phng tin;
th bn trong (ni lc); th bn ngoi (ngoi lc) v.v..
Tn T din t trong thin Binh Th nh sau:
K thin chin cu ci th m khng h trch ngi.
Cho nn k thin chin bit chn ngi tha th...
Bi vy, ci th ca k thin chin c khc no nh
chuyn mt hn to t trn cao ngn trng cho
ln xung gic. tc l th.
Trong thin h thc ng cho bit :
Hnh th ca mt cuc hnh binh ging nh nc.
Hnh th ca nc l trnh ch cao, xung ch thp.
Cho nn hnh thc ca mt cuc hnh binh l trnh
ch thc (ch mnh) m cng kch ch h (ch yu).
Trong thin hnh qun Tn T a ra nhng hng dn v
khuyn co v th a hnh a vt ng qun, di chuyn qun,
tn cng cng nh lui qun v.v..
Ngi bit da th s to thm sc mnh cho mnh, bin sc ngi
thnh sc mnh, bin th thin nhin thnh li im cho mnh, to
bt li cho ch; bit dng cc phng php khoa hc, k thut
qun tr hin i t kt qu cng l bit dng th vy.
Mun t c th cn phi n lc nghin cu, bit tm cng
ly lng dn, lng ngi, bit a vo chnh ngha, bit hc hi
cc phng thc mi, k thut khoa hc hin i v.v..
Ngoi th bn ngoi, th bn trong (ni lc) rt quan trng.
Ngi ch mun l thuc, lun lun li vo ngi khc m
khng t da vo sc mnh s kh thnh cng.

4- PHNG TH
Phng th l bo v mnh, bo v n v, bo v thnh quch ca
mnh, khng th , khng khinh ch, khng s h, nh vy
s khng b ch tn cng bt ng.
Trong thin Cu Bin: Tn T vit:
Php dng binh khng nn yn tr l k ch khng n m
phi cy sc mnh ch i k ch n. Khng nn yn tr
rng k ch khng tn cng mnh, m phi cy ch ch
khng th tn cng mnh ni.
C ngha rng lun lun phi phng d khng bit
ch c tn cng hay khng.
Do , k sch phng th khng bao gi coi thng ch, khng
say men chin thng m l l phng ch. Ni rng hn, cao
cnh gic l hnh ng quan trng bo ton lc lng, khng
ch tr trn, xm nhp ly tin tc, khng mc m nhn k, khng
b phc ru, hoc b mua chuc bng tin bc, sc p, hoc b
khch tng. cao cnh gic cng l sng sut khng ch
gieo nghi ng, gy chia r trong ni b lm suy yu tim lc.
V thiu cao cnh gic nn mc mu ly gin ca ch,
chia r ni b lm suy yu tim nng ca chnh mnh.
5- BO TON
Bo ton l bo tn lc lng, khng hoang ph sc lc
v ti sn mt cch v ch.
Trong thin Mu Cng, Tn T ghi:
Php dng binh, bo ton lc lng quc gia l nht; ph hoi
sc mnh ca nc l km; gi nguyn binh lc l nht, ph hi

sc qun l km; gi vng n v l nht, ph hi n v l km.

Cho nn nh trm trn trm thng cha phi l gii;
Khng nh m khut phc c binh lc ca i phng
mi l nht. Bi th, hay nht l dng mu k,
k n l dng ngoi giao, cui cng mi giao chin,
cn tn cng thnh tr l h sch.
ng ni thm: K gii dng binh c th khut phc i phng
m khng cn chin; ot thnh tr m khng cn tn cng;
hy dit nc i nghch m khng mt nhiu th gi, do
c th tranh th thin h; khng phi n tr binh i
m c li hon ton. l php mu cng vy.
Ngi tng gii khi nm chc phn thng mi khi cng;
dng mu, ngoi giao l tin quyt, cng lm mi phi i u,
giao chin, dng qun nhng phi trnh tht thot, hao qun.
Mun bo ton lc lng trc khi tn cng hay t kch
phi nghin cu cn thn, lng nh tnh hnh ch,
tnh hnh ca ta.
Tuy nhin, bo ton lc lng khng c ngha l nht s,
Thy thi c n m khng khi cng.
Thi c ch n mt ln, hoc lu lm mi n.
6- CH NG
Nguyn tc th su l lun lun ch ng, ngha l khng
b ng, khng theo ui. Ch ng chi phi mt trn,
ra tay trc khi cn. Phi tin liu, bit r ch tnh, bit th ca ta
(mnh hay yu). Khi ra qun th bit r ta, bit r bn,
bit r ch nm phn thng li.
Trong thin h thc, Tn T ni nh sau:
Phm ti trc ni chin a ch i phng th khe; k
n sau cu chin u tt phi mt. Cho nn k thin chin

bit dn y ch m khng ch dn y mnh, c hi.

Nh th, ch ang khe, b ta lm cho mt, ch ang no c th
ta lm cho i, ch ang yn ta c th lm cho ch ri....
Khi ta mun nh d ch trong ho su ly cao cng phi
ra nh vi ta, bi ta chc vo ch yu (nhc im) m ch
phi cu. Lc ta khng mun nh, du ta v thnh m th,
ch cng khng ti nh ta c, bi ta d ch i sang mt li
khc. Cho nn ta phi bit r hnh th ch, cn ta th v hnh.
Cng tc l ta chuyn ch vo mt ch nht nh trong khi lc
lng ch b ta phn tn. Ta chuyn ch vo mt, ch phn tn
ra mi, khc no ta ly mt nh mi.
Hoc l:
Ly li m nh th c th khin ch t n, ly hi m da
th ch khng th n. Cho nn ch ang nhn ri, ta c th
lm cho vt v; ch ang no, ta c th khin cho i;
ang yn ta c th lm cho ng.
7- LI NG:
Li ng l ly li hnh ng .
Tn T vit trong thin Ha Cng nh sau :
khng li th khng ng, khng c vic th khng dng,
khng thy nguy th khng nh; k lm cha
(tc nh lnh o) khng c v tc gin m khi binh;
ngi lm tng khng v phn ut m gy hn;
khi thy c li th mi ng, khng thy c li th dng li...
Con ngi d thnh thin n my i na u vn mun c li,
li vt cht hoc li tinh thn. Ngi ch huy bit li dng tm l
ny s gia tng kh nng chin u ca chin s di quyn.
l nguyn tc dng li thc binh; Ngi chin s ngoi

mt trn thy cuc chin khng mang li ch cho chnh mnh,

cho gia nh mnh, cho dn tc mnh t s nn lng, thiu tinh thn
chin u. Nhng o qun nh thu ch cm sng v c
tr cng, s khng gi c lu bn. Mt qun i chin u
m khng chnh ngha t s tht bi.
Do phm lm vic g phi c chnh ngha, ly l phi lm u,
ly chnh ngha lm ng lc, mi mong thng.
Nhiu nh c ti, qun phit sc mnh m tn cng k yu th,
n p ngi dn, nn d c thng chng qua ch l nht thi,
cui cng ri s b tiu dit
Nguyn tc li ng cn c dng nh ch, li ko ch.
Nhiu ngi khi thy li ln s b li cun vo nhng cng vic
m h khng mun. Trong lch s ng Ty c nhng
phn bi, nhng ngi lm ni tuyn hoc lm gin ip
cho ch cng v ham li.
8- TC CHIN:
Tc chin l nh nhanh, kt thc nhanh.
Theo nguyn l ny th khi cn ng binh th phi tc chin, tc
thng, nh nhanh, ngng nhanh khng ko di v c th lm
hao tn tinh thn qun s.
Nhng nh chin thut chin lc gii khng nh giy da s
hao binh tn tng, lm gim tinh thn chin u ca qun s.
Ngoi ra khi chin trn ko di, s thng vong cao s lm cho
hu phng rng ng gy ra nhng phn ng bt li.
Ngi xa ni: Binh qu thng m khng qu lu.
Phi bit kt thc chin trn nhanh chng, khng ko di
s hao binh tn tng .

9- BO MT:
Bo mt l gn gi b mt ca mnh.
Nhng k hoch ng binh, k hoch phng th vn vn, cn c
bo mt ti a. Cng gi c b mt, cng d thnh cng v ch
khng lng trc c ta, ch khng bit ta lm g, tnh g.
Vi nguyn tc bo mt nh qun s c th tn cng khi ch
khng ng (xut k bt , xut binh ni ch khng phng b
m ch khng hay).
Dng gin, phn gin l nhng phng php c dng
bit nhng b mt ca ch v bo v b mt ca ta.
C quan an ninh ni chnh, an ninh qun i c nhim v iu tra,
pht hin ni tuyn bo v b mt qun s v quc gia.
Ngoi ra, mi mt chin s, mi cn b, mi ngi dn u phi l
mt nh tnh bo, lun lun d cao cnh gic
phng s xm nhp ca ch.
10- BIN HA:
Bin ha l thay i ty theo tnh hnh, uyn chuyn,
khng cng ngc, ty thi, ty tnh hnh m bin ha .
Tn T vit trong thin Binh Bin nh sau:
Nc do t m chy, binh do ch m thng.
Cho nn binh khng phi lc no cng gi nguyn mt th,
nc khng phi lc no cng gi nguyn mt ng.
C th do s bin ha ca ch m th thng, gi l thn.
Ng hnh (kim, mc, thy, ha, th) khng c ci no thng ci
no mi, bn ma khng c ci ma no cn hoi,

ngy c lc di lc ngn, trng c khi khuyt khi y.

T , Tn T a ra thnh nguyn l:
Cho nn k bit dng binh php khng khi no nhm ni cao
m tin, sau lng c i ni khng khi no quay ngc,
ch gi chy khng bao gi ui theo, binh hng khng bao gi
cng kch, khng bao gi b ch a mi ra d,
ch lui khng bao gi n, vy ngt qu th m dng
cho ch tho ra, gic cng khng bao gi bc bch.
Ngoi trn a hay trong chnh trng, ngi lnh o khng
bao gi c kh kh cng nhc, khng chu uyn chuyn
ty theo tnh th, v nh th s a n tht bi no n.

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