.go Library Sean and Deliver Tw:1721244 ‘m0 Journal Tie: The Aloeton of Respensibity Volume: Issue Montvear: 1972 Pages: 180 Article Author: Max Gluckman [Article Tie: Meral Crises: Maia and Secular Sotsions ied Notes:91/2014 4:03:17 PM {sdowdy@uchicago edu) Please include i bibliography at he end ofthe ip 1-50 shouldbe arinclusve). Thanks! Print Date-9132014 8:7 AM cate: GNS90.A44 6.1 Location: JRL! Gen, Barcode mM sas4an4 I wn ‘ODYSSEY REQUEST Sean, Dowdy Ssowdyuencago edu NG ODYSSEY REQUEST Notce: This materi may be protected by copyght Taw (Tite 17 US Code)Ecited by Max Gluckman ‘The allocation of responsibility, “Manchester University Press© top mance senna Publi bythe Unety of Manchester at $0634 One Ral, Manchever a3 gee insted inthe USA by ps Pate Avenue Sauh, New Yor, NY. 010 OF HIAC / USRARY Efe one i Lindon Contents Iwbtion re i by Max Glickman Reenck Protein in Social Anthve- ology inthe Unveity of Manche end holier of ‘pec Senior Fellowship from the Nufield Foundon [Mora res magi and secular solations 1 ‘Max Glockman Legal ity and esluionary inepcttion: some aspects of ct lal seep and cllecive epensiigy Silly F. Moee Profesor of Anthropology ithe Uniseity of Southern California 3 Aspects of the contl of mort ambigncs:« somparatve nls of two cally diparste modes of acl cote 10) E. Lloyd Peers Profesor of Soci dathropolgy tn the Unierty of Mencherer 4 Ahence makes the heat grow fonder: sae suggestions why icra ccussons te fare mang Est Avian psoas 163 DT. W. Bawer Senior Lecturer te Sova dnahopogy in ‘the Univers of Manchester 5 When witches are no nme 1% asl Sansom Lertrer it Soil athpolegy i the Univer sy of Manchoner1 Moral crises: magical and socular solutions “Tha Mart ctr, 1964 and 1965" Max Gluckman t.Invoduction {esa dale onoor forme 10 be invited to dle tres ia nour Richard Rip Mae in hi Hal Such an ination foe honour any sono anda aon {tik am ‘Gers in ser tht I war the tof i pop to become frond sx antropslogt In th Hall om prtok of iE cement why cer ocr meas we grmled at made theta drly | waracnber of our Sony Tha eed forthe theme of my rs objec om which Maret wet st kath oi and magia ci, nded be et Iroved Fn head fast sol atopy hen he tts awarded de Oxford Unveisy Gren Mera Psophy Pe Toran ey on he etc i peopl (19 His er, Bes own tly The Thcibld of Reign (i) rained the enon of ety such st mage and socet which e Bld to pre ign, Mette mow 0 his omer cone [Stone ofthe min fen ie aboplgy wt et ‘ute ctnay ees shag whch nsteatns of aman ‘Shy howe dened Io amacrine ht Vena ‘Rien we nes and uy wo undentand the sgniesne a st ‘Sn iis coenl wo exomine tom agit he Bckround of wht favundobey ten» moj cad teh of homan soe) thle creng compe of ecclg, and with Conoco I feleve that when we ork cut ce fre of il gota ond fbi nd es ase wicca ngs ecb, we ot thm all Ti tov sn unjopl e snng sol ahplgit nd a een Rosle ete sa anfr Peter Lae Whe st the Unirsy of Magn, OF st yore he tes as een on thot coon in the ston of all aman sce and2 ‘Max Glackmn Inde ce ch ha cmon to hem ll. Yt win shi Imasked common se, pole to tae ieee ch ‘ire gion fom their omen mati in ie ‘Mer theme he bl dcr tot of the eto stn tte tanrdocl pacts of» ports poplin ok ope on thas and th ono stiff aot pel ‘Snoccnomie belground. This agin ia dene which et teed een osm ee the lume fests prt my hi ppl sd adver on fi sevens tne Cael Crom King (99 died Bato) ad eet ke Sine tha a ee thong mot youne Bh socal abrepl: fi, + renely unpopular any of hem hve mone fm he empathy eer dr on saci rein 0 ‘ody ham action apr the costing ele of ce, ‘vich Mane enaed so dominate in contig boman be per Gy rb may be ly pond Indi in al wis rn int orl eee cet wih whch 1am concen in te iu hie ha ae ne wee tan Ivey diferencia eran valves to opposed core {Shin 9 shat no den aon sae al ror Wat E'S Reunions eal com proves elton whch ae in Seon aber mien or itl pending oe In'tultocey and IshllSemomsat ha gh a8 examina thn ots numberof Atcan seco Dati sd may ter ‘Shar hve aed wy te sl be sc cen, ed i Ee peblan w whch T shall res mye sal en, topo Su Sone eae se cris an ind sot, and how How fund ters of wcll Fam i opsron Thal soggee Oar here maybe cain ose conning pps inthe eo bt of tal siete nd theo 3 12st any meni 1 modem inl ae Trust emphasie hee ily oe point to whch I shall ne torr on oe aca Rest work one ene of tne of iho and sory or dvatus fanaa wrt, {pepe the tos cust mire hr tle thw fo ae 1 lsen insole, For example, the sto Bee T Percuyomine are how in wicca soc) ad natn Tine slid te tan hy cate men dlvering 2 etre {choca Mont athe eo hnour ese Pree Moral eres: magi an sca sluions 3 EE. EsanePrichad ot petet Prfeorof Sc Aathoplo in the Unverty of Ont an, like yal» meer oe Colege by on, tough he de his Chie nal Sol His sds whch inated the ne ofa Usa flowy lange through myn wick sod theo of eer hs pop ell Kowa to sol atopelg and bo inode doctnen, Forhemore, Lal in pest the wort tht flowed fom EnansPrichards be acting oe nests The pled ‘efor, though [pe that I ssc in enpascing ther major fein more seq ad in vlog fr Gis implication Terie ineviae in he Marc eta devesed toa utente Computed rely of people who ae nt peel atop, {ET mst goer one grands now omy collage Bee faction a rity leur ofthe rt gun wer? With decopment I ons owe subjects oneness bese ay {tes allowing Moreton he contining le of caer, Tv said Ts again dew acento po snl ich 1 conser hae Been oveoked by my calesguc intr pene concentration on hunan esa cl anda be roping of ‘lana approaches sal be ting show eli in wich and ster and vino, and Tm ost tha hey ont oly pt he ‘xt of belts ad ideas ofthe proper once Al tem bane tehnaages whch high eloped sey tan lens of teks ough they spyese simple ta cmperion, with made Indl technology Wits sm efit chnlgy they could fottwe sree Alfons ne ns of awd ar one fave prsemed in del cof tle one Aan say, the Brave in which I ave dmacentd toeter moder of Jol renconing area many respec skint thee ofc ov jess isin tre tat min is ing fc ial yb oc of seen ad" and haloes refs for cso We hl hat hey equ ex ese? in ther bln necl foret d t osenttnof he Sa now proved apes to metho of the eel lent ine of belt tue sabe 3 penn mitre ite whee ot sorry of soto et indies nc mae pombe a Tes cm beheld able, he wee ot ll In satans ‘where, im oer secicir lacking such bli there no scha Max Gikanan reienible intdependene, Saisie Hlding sch bes ave ‘nie under eloped hag. Hens they have muh es rowed of te cpl canes ef isfrane and good forane, round pose Tey hele sey Sr te fre: Wie [Ety toon o divination to cin foto knowledge may ey 1S Yow seed ns Pen etre, berate iis of tit ‘chntelLaowledge® But we have il explain why he ome {Siny and Ignace ae inept so song in moral terms. Fear Tt cy aon o anc rth and itl sun sists of a eon and se ‘cea nin oe an nadegut lanai, Our on iy hot Sola arin an tenon, ft oye be ete Bs Tistonanes totem thugh seus of ween or the lie Sold ered smelly ls We hives expli why Sie sis hve ac i and a “Te belts age by impli tae he moral distin the tndhiel itty throws were toy, ‘rol go well Ihe safersiforcane, c hcrse he hms hs Tommied sume wrong o tense he ht ben raged posbly peccle mean Oy ene of hi lowe or beue—in aery hdepcaddanter=ere ameting wang in te mo te Gr ciety aa whe: As Durkin showed for ex soi, {hei lar diferion Steen te ntl the eal nd he fmol ons. The we stn enh ia giiation baat iret coune of cnt: Evo Picard showed forte Aande thar there nvled in divin into the tare a parol fencepon ef tines whore the fue tere in th present Se San ee fin y Wenge to he fn st algnment of eecutfres—wbich Spend on mor algo emote wil tiene he coune of te Thera ene Ira cier wait for that aligomca of ele (era) fre to Ter or ce uve to preset on orale he signet “Fs ids are impli in cosoary tl. One thing which hey dy tee fon a plo of ew a outie dees {out the depends 6 pple mone aoe. AB we tall settee i an Sanger one aps flow ae yer on eel mae he lcs of Mpa her croggented. Dirt mort interdependence sma escent tc thon iwi be wine her. Tey ths [Mora ites: gil and vec slain 5 reflect a charac of ial societies, which is well expreied in 2 Bart song: He who kis eho wil be ba ny Kinsman? HH wo corse, nol eb ny nan” “This song deste ply the exe to which coe late co Gere hand Spd on ene saber and sea ch {hey eccompte wit one sath The competion goon win Sly aoedsaiiny wh aes mul snd arn dete very. diet trom tn ogi dry wth Durkheim sed te incresing ven of br tha ely tern mode ida seater, be argc the inde ‘dsl is mre dependent on he pecied gs of wey the ‘ow tne Sdslane: Dustin ancl ncrey te sebsmped ty i em epee Tha ey fo thw tht anpand by 2 ayng ein ent fs nthe asngof repel les, ‘Song he ae coon as soa espnsiy in ies {2 jul er proj susie Exton of i jing Crops wa temp erie wht undo SF ea seen repel wl be Sed " conidir tat hold be pone wo bring out 3 comparion cf iting emp we lacked nis of proof toon ‘Men ccs coat with aise radeon ns ne ‘oy. An Alt ilage con be regard ay Br, wih ‘Stes and bya mero pie wore who ee he ‘Sn ine sales nied mame prone ‘Wha tappene when the numberof workrsarclsr and of Competes for cute poten incre beyond the pty fhe mp Se th wap we on empare xen in an Alen ‘ilge wh what hope whee sir station aes a2 Eel fm in lacks England we re frst ht Dre Sue har provided ur wih an extent aud of ch + Staton” In Alia he resp bo lina whet fr ier and Isl ange that wht be de, in temo Sect tiny fo caggethe wikdns of induce 208, {Soe sold he pe for oe sing om ugg ‘ocd inthe confine lI Soler sy ‘endl cost red isd ere od the pte 12 edinnes eee fo dim eso to exposiny me6 Max Gluckman ef individual wickedness or weakes, and t0 relate dificult ‘djetely to he exprre of he coc within the soil stem (Glotics uf ly Siar pce ore sedi inesgtons Ft ty me Ta dy nh er an Sxingcn he eopominy of pron for group nd indi ‘Bilorncy and na teaggese i Finaly Fak whetber oe con ‘Rte ts dre wo cungng cw on cima espns. a BounePrichr's dy of witcha elie From 19 onwards EvanePrichard publi a seis of says fn behets etches and mys begs, on divination and on tmaghal pacices whichcompely seed cr undescanding of hoe ‘hema In gy be pled hit sae ogee in oak whch AS uded by bth Gcents and roach workers: Wier ‘Omelend Magleamong the dsande fhe Anglo Egypton Suan Tis he exis ble in wiht a thor custion [ey the Aranda abut every unfotnate happening, How {Edt toppent and Why di bapen? For example ian phan temple on and erates a hin the Arande et ow be was Kiel in tnt of the might and weight of the cept which Cruces» an, But they abo at, Why did is elephant, and ot Sovker epee unter apd not another hater, on this feadon, and mot anchor ecoioa? Agu, men eck sade in te ee of tropa diy by siting under thie granary, which ee alesbon the ron on pots Termes eat hee spor andthe Sight a he gromary bigs dow, pshs to er te people Trg ins Rend ne da eh emis ha ty tbe sapprs ad env he ill ofthe granary, whose weight res atta the weight ofan cepant dee But they ak 2gin, {vy id the geanery all tthe preale, moment when thee dele peop wee iting wer? Aande answer thes "why Toying ir a wih eed dc elephant to kil at hunter ho cesion, ota granary 0 al jt 3 the moment whe thre wie were tng i hae, YRS in nye nd lity Acne inctoing the Azande—arge ia the sae teas a5 we do ab ‘ems and seposiy, An Azande cannot for carpe plod thar whee made in comm adler, tet or tesa. Azan lo Sere cny and geerlie cream spect of the empl [Mora rie: mie and scl saluions 7 Seon “bow of mifenes a ear weight rhs aan wild beat “tore tack hanes But they ai ry to expan what on be clle he ‘Fara’ of miforanesvhy pacar penons ser them Hise tle in witht cote, Slay, Welt in witcha {xpsin why one man's rope bil and ie spate why 3 an {ali when he has previoly been well nd his flows ae ll ‘ell why a sll wound fer nnd of healing, and 0 fot, ‘Aon the Azande he bei sowed to expan why perdi tari and no ces, ae led by prc ence in Bate {iy thre si wer led by enemy spear bata interal ners, the wich, has coed thi parser deat, And this witch iS hel espe, and may he late to sy compensation o er Punic in incanal eal laos “Thor when a Arande aes mirane hist’ bi fle hin an agen the for of With, who can te held Tbe. He els the purer wich reponse forbs immedi me fecncs by cnwhing ras or't dine or michetne Beer em than witha), These mode of esking forthe witch Tring ot tefl wither es ry a ory wel a atheory of poicolar easton, When the sfrer consul an ‘tac he thins of people who bv eae to wish mbar and pots hi anes tole the ea The tat npn oe mins in giving 4 egeoble sobstnce, clleted tnd pepe ‘th many oe, to Shickene she king sen, oh at Ther parlor peran i he with you are seeking. The ‘Bcken de or robe mabtance ane yo ot tthe ‘uoton, The sobs, eed widely in Ass, probly yee ‘Boe whch i aphasia cee Aetermin went of the vce i be le oe wl be ‘woiied Since the contltane pts the came of serra remit woth rack inthe en nan be lever wise hen Wl be indeed othe wh, Esty ners ad ned tht mun snr aways scoed a penn enemy of behing br. They theo concloed that the wile hunts war laut Evans Dyechard demos tha thi aleged oodlence was een to the enonabens and ted of the sytem of ble And text a ee tat the mone cred ad hs cyclin wi ‘se secon of wha lows on fire "An Arande wich a peren with ceria Back ebsance in his® Max Gluckman Ini, which canbe cenafan atopy. (le probly apse Ingute o ieson) A mon syst Svar athe pores {a5 Sane whch ete poet of wich. Een I he ht {his power wil emai‘ ins him ule he exerens “etn ie» im a ff i er, npr asin hin, or i enine hi groging. hin iefane fod reming hi oan the wis ste hot hs ‘soul wil eae he wis bly wo conse te sol” he ine np of the tert ake i ly or wl se Nn ‘iow thet mite, The per of nicer Bleed by ‘Renae tobe inherited inte pain ig, 90 tan i 90 Fiml seine for ponsning th owen Bui be ged Imani hrm oot Visslnge wt whca o work “Tse why ure sesh song perma enemies for he svich wh fas cused bir misfortune, Zaode belie in wither Seah of morality, nd they condemn eae ios flings Sienetegd i TWiahvelk bods condom thse ious flings fen more sever than wed For in wc bls hse ios lings I cndowed witha eck power, by ve of which thy omy to el lows. "The mori whch impli in witcher Bb shown even smu ceive lok Rend bi inner which Esa FPitcarddstogutes reich A wt i feig e tovowed with power oersby he ota ia seach. Buca man may wih actor harm wiht posing this. ance: Then he can nly bam Beachy eer tect and ‘Spel, or by reorng to sey, which neler te delete Esta to onoun nai Soy wed by Arade to scout {oe slden locos sod whe, Wihrof tbs Longer fo ahve fi objet EvanePrtcardfurber made fll analy of bow Tage wich eres and magi commode and she Spun ht spat low tem tobe iw He sow, or ‘Sligo bow elem this Knd ar ered a dato beh SPOES in preprng the omcembaance which mar fae ‘acon, Exch opp fllre i thor doled interns of her mysod ile Thor the whole syeem fe Bolted by Sposa cndting eves. Moral ess: mil and scl slains e Among the Azand, if ures oaks ay that» pcr sma Xr exung him hm, be nds nitty to wth te nng fe chon a de to X's me Xie asad iy gool manos wo ow war over he wing whi he sats at 1 Wan gnoan of eu ac sd she hu ben Sig tbe feccby “i his hrf The sil th se if bes soca the charge vai. Inte pes desth ws queso, the verde ofthe dad pro's sora a to be ined iy te chit crcl th soued do py damages, Alter the ‘Rogo-Egypsn govcment fade scat te Sends Kin ‘ede sengnce mag to push he wich, sada people dad in the nugbourhond the ede wat eked i cash wath pity tricky lan afmate sneer mw eed "This to cts theron nein satons boa co dere ious igs whch are candela Reman ‘ecey. Futermore, men and wonca se sessed fo coed te etbon of tee fing, forte who show stg ny hated toads ther in esl loop ar Hely to hue tc nncs pr oh ole Bot witcher Ec done pct i al sal elaine Among the Aste ssations re ecoed om ange Iatlicly sed innen who have to avenge oe ster ‘kath: Nor Sove's commoner Sei pro ot nly bee br ir atid oboe slo Kee thar chor one sve dee fined by none ts: Men d nt seane women, Withers is telewed to opr only ener ere dancer, and en sce he acightoue ans Prichard sums opto rand mot Tato gurel wah thew wah whey they come tcl contac, when ths ott at sete by sein o ichip S's oc tre by inctios oe sxand as Stseguem reach in ites ha enone Erne tears anal of the loge of witcha orale adage ad thi ‘ecrh s devoped as olay aoa osc lo ‘Rp mn‘ sot ee fiom whith ty re ‘dad by cll norm tes hat sss of Grate se mot only 4 stators sels of anime ‘there Azande would sce the pin hin wh em they mose surly sme quel Ine with he in hat ‘gare may be nn ces Liter echo aera sows Tee inne int to ty 4 Erne Peicord dey, teS Max Gluckman sting f cnt by sentiments of kinship exudes seustos, ‘We know tat quar often become mst ter whee elaon: Spare doe We one tht th le in ptiline inoranee itis constent with he elon 0 scot gst fsincl Linen By cone, nthe piel oct ‘Buhern Alsi beloved hat he elated women who marty ime the gleup of piney led Linumen bing wich ine tern, And wc os o thotiberBebeved fo ‘inbred, sin ft eophils among oe: waren pt to these ba, wile tet on ar fem the int, hey ca int ps ton, Daughters mary out ofthe group and ans Sint dir nba een ‘We tall nt bese we expat florence in bei in ling anon nh fl aan ae tore aad vclopman of pine! gros among the Avande For sharp cet, nso eer Aan sxe, bh pat Tinea and ttn, sccuatsoe of wicker ae fen made guint lowly ned ly within the eee corp grup TEE ram hl pop tgs ted sold apport one ‘the Ts snr te the omeme of prand mor ees Ie" rhansip within he group Acordng Wo Evans Descedanli Zande aces anther cf wichen opine hr in scl stonthip wih cote {© seul dings wh each ter sod ch no tin yer Comex fintraton is oop. Such cen song dhe Assn dis pep ste pseu ast, Stich may well intr from reste haner acumen flowy overs woman or ill at dong una ovr and, ad teh Other aceon maybe made in stndrdaed sito {camptton, tween eles ate pall ofc ono, nce th ely within sing nd emepise One {och sndardoed suston tht ofthe fellow wives of common Fbunds onthe srface his appears ob taightoeward jeloahy ‘hg fn competton fore asad’ var Indeed my ‘Risin ng one word oe Joy” ao dex payyey That gos lousy of low wine ab frac appears In ncn of cca on Go ly oss ely bt ‘Rakay in wine es ot le coliet Sep within the socal Site An sls hie ation wl lead wo eae the Soe withn which pope ono Alea bes en acowe bee Mor eis: mgie and secular slant ” nearest kin of ataching thm with sorcery of wicerft—that i they accuse thos persons Whe equialentsameng the Azande ae Snmane frm sch charges. 3 Conf ofealue inthe Soutventern Bantu spate rystem:™ “Te sof soutesstecn Afi ach athe Za, Sz, Mondo and Xbou) are onpniaed ia patil Hneage, In this soem, Inca who ar related to one ater by common dexet though tk omg ese repo together in 2 op of neighbouring homesteads They are what {he Romine illest ach nested conti sum af trl clon ited ths way and inked tt gos bore dant pica ce “The homestead nots mete cen of esdece, fom which men and women go ou to dvene ways of euning’ther Tog, ad to which ey wera to cnmme gods separate fice The Imemert oft homeseid sist ot another ip varur producti ‘tives ii family Bem. Nowadays they even ry operate 3 for under whch men ake tun os at ae tare for gods, atl, woren and ce, and then o goo o workin Eeropeat merges foe mney forthe whole group Batu when lad “idols acquire gods thy share hom mith tee flo, aod all Seen tnd oat, he women dal “The men nich homestead have clams on on anche’ in land, in eae ad in marge payments for women Of et fas, wells ns to suze ene aot poston. ‘These cans extend in an elaborate pater int the eer home sends of the pineal gop, shold heen he et hone Seed di The clams of men win this tense fed Ino pris ply bythe esac of thi eltontip cough mle Progeny and pry by the sespecne sate ftir moter {henselae progntr Tha ives mn bmi cas sid the groped try mb virally uneated tothe group. Fors mumer ofthe palin groupe a he to hae commen descent, sgh male em lngdead snc Th cones the Zulu dns A'man' tay ot mary a woman of scan Nor ‘ay be macy a woman who rs member of his moter clan, Tey eles eer wit Each wie hana ied» ‘Max Gluckman potion and is aed in elation oer fellowsrns The aking ‘Eves dtd pry by the od ich ty ae aro taniy by tr hasnt pine and sean, od py by eetate of ech miles far Though he en of ong ‘Bold inte uncrsny about the soso eh ve sd {lS of her som tha waded ca proce ern ad ore bed dues ween he wn Seighfonsrd nm Fettonhetwen fll wie for ter hsb favours agg ‘Stet cmpton nth cess fhe een ons egten Uy hin cir cven held thats fod wie sade shld ook {0 the tres of her hnbond od le, ough hr may et er agin the incre oer wines and et Cen sod gsi the ire the group oh mle ates 2.2 whole, HSpgpny har profics quite the pine oop and She gels eno on he wranger—the whe wo hie sere dnc he gn “These qual, centred onthe wives of he gop, pense een se deeply. Mt men in fe many only ote wi She reine Tee tobe sre of witcher by fer meter aw or er iter Inyo ly he rp sly linet dent sould oman eid ol bred togeter in [ined loin two ster With hoi,» penis ped nsch a ving many sn tho ppt do seengtion {i poup. Aman an ache sgl ny rw est for Bins hertne gawd te hight day of + we the ator severely te ietbren or brant nly dnogters But in te very po of fling ins dy by predochg sas fo ‘Tengen th prop the wife neler the prop for het on wl ENC compet with the cine= tere tee sa forthe poston andthe pstimony a the group, Moree, tough tery manny ane etl el col sed wis bi STA Etre by hs fer oer whe and beyond cs Tihs prlincl ony by snare of ales he ence ‘hn indi hough marge od the beget own ss Heh ened fo lnk to Ge wlore of Be ow wile snd her ‘Biden ad to sen th the mcs of fling ach wl SOM fim dependency of ptr Kinane. The ie Sn he sexy pro fling her crete dat fear chien ‘arog fer bend’ tg ows he eof denon nd escapade peop. [Mora eres: magic and secular sluions 5 Zaty ene the woman who mari int the pai sp oss mindictaste who sare quire beeen bet bubund Sa hr bate or ptlinel coi And te alae nt te aly parol pole who fd th seer touche wicked Seat dugheria and seria I a teresty whch ‘Fld srngy ie the Chinae an Indian pn fe The gic co os wi er es moter, ene shee ander the oer woman's Sint, Expat in tee terms expin the cai of tensions they 30 ake why te {ero shuld cae in ra belie Por rape, Fed, {n't ne sty ofthe Soubeaten Chance inege les tomy trot en the Za witout desing steton te tbe atemped ‘Spano te el tls" Te ver ea sue of quel ling between ther i hve sagen dein by 2 spr Cot ovate ether na epee te ty of et Sen when conto ec of fern we prec the td Fenda o fer prt tundra Oe oer, Thr degr cof which I sgge erent (of faci 4 whe ee of tebe tt Te inet ei ny ancl whch nendowed wish ele power at can ‘rms’ Sce the cone ber oto the pode powes Gib aon oy scl we er see esc Many nats have aalogts Mest. Chine beheve tht contact wi women who oe the non and ads wimeropromie mavigot— jong whith ke he son and [ae andaunonce indorfcve Insel leroue the male yd pr ie an rue, The Souter Bante td ay eet nthe mys pala aed hort ‘Hl ofthe ond of bi 00 mental od, which hey ay yee coer i bap tnt te fesh of rong deed ‘iden Adonai the Zale fr that a womans Sess wil tere fo er tl faethe nd anal wll thn Sad rom ber he er of or hand in Wie are haved by he Zale tobe fal ibn ei powers powcr Gey ity it the Besvnn whee danger Ihe igheing i frie, ble sect Iighnig se nly tole abel piste ome Resor ng Win cpriosy wih forse ale aces spt ae beled {eramedy mirc they have sot when pope ei made to them! aie spite may mot ron har reson. Aad4 Max Gluckman among he ving 1 man's iw orate dont of hemes ‘thai. A mn mut deiiorly make te ce to ack ent, eer opy by foe or cry By pcting te Siig of ssc, Women te wc, ah inbrent ei rer fa rms prs nin se Eze ponr, women so conta rita power forgo, power ‘ich canbe dnd to fry er he doco of et eee of he song spin with ich the Zale viewed al wey found cle when Tar sing them to elle Bani cord of dining woe where the Cte of msoraner sere suphtan acy ck wat gl unser South Alsean Io Theses fi collet bar ut wb aly aod wit wan ‘owed yer stent of he Zana ht met witches Sneed wee manen, Detein flowed te lne of este) SEF ce he anil form of Zale dining is orale by ‘Ee camulany and only he wich dre Te coming pty Se tothe wichdoscthe, who, afer pearing ham ‘Stes of quench Something tonal rl” A rv wh te fied cp ands tay ad hat, Fife age, we aie we ages When the diner ton the milo concind they cnp ad tam more rapiy ad uly ‘Then i someone will he dane wots nda for te ue re of a nes vomevae fos broken ts, a ane Spr has sence bese wish spel. Lowder nd fer ‘Tiping dct nde wen ie ba ated te pres GET tc He tea specie ny, anes or wich or Sarre by nx age and mip other ratnshp co th i. “The een eeu in cote of tht mead of ecg wich cil agent held gn for 3 mistne Tn he 8s atop Caltwey rowed stm sme young men in Natal to dh felnng thy they eed 6 sain endy np and wie in thst once. The dior tld thn 0 9 ‘Sujand send o oat noe elder who knew hot nine “Slee Zau sins mek by thos which neler der te ont of tse who have oe to ome Les nde cans ‘Re Shiner who positon ton, drig which ht (om mere ‘Seumotly et) snes peak in whiting whispers rm ‘Eevee oe Pesably ich x driner meso he ai tf el Kaowdge, Otter diner en clay of once sod ‘her eee epeting vaton peor and cement Za [Mora rie: mags and secular sutions 5 li; and thee ate sea asconting to the patra in which they fal parene which ae Enowa tothe public. These bones arya ‘ne cy ethnographer deserted they 'a sume of their whole {Seal ender ao they cover all posable scl contingencies Tismedatly 1 et confess tot when Twas studying the Zal 1 yas no lt to the importance of tying to ava in etal whether afiaed Zulu coal various types of divine according {Othe internal station within theese relationship. 1 epet ow that when reatahip within » pats! groop have devel ‘pe to poit where besop is imminent, and misortane bells ‘hove wh with to ser indpendence, hy az likely to cons by ‘he eapping of hand oh they wl get the anwer they desir. ‘Their reson would ot, of course, take this form: they wl ess thatthe cate yan American phe, more or Hs open nd shu, o an dina vine el saBice. But st more peaceable ‘Phase of group's developments ily ht operended methods fof divination are wed, wich the dvner oe his apparats lecing from several postin Afr al the cents above ll want to now acuratly what ccle power fas sused thie woubles in fer to end noe in thelr tress, ab they se thee, fron ‘These gues I am making now all too many yeas aftr 1 fished my rsearch a Zalland, ae guess inspired bythe recent ‘ek tage nope" who ave cena oo he “of developments within portale esteads or villages as rmembers mate, marty and produce children, who in turn ‘mate and mare. These recent anales emphasize that rage to cond the dvinatory decion may prvsed between dierent nests for sopetio positon ins vile o Between the head Fs llge and he leader of 3 nestion wid whe attempting to eaublih independence. The seule to contel the dvinatory ‘Schon i bidden fom the protgonite theme, nce repeat they ae all mada by the wh o dacover what el agent Is response forthe mifone at ue in cede that remedial resus may be taken Tey ar, ofcourse, aware of he ses hat Te herween then but the Bev thit the ination gives an ‘bined anitand indeed some methods of divination operate ‘oreo lest mechani, Buti the delon dct noe tour one Protagonist he may go to abstr divine, and yee ater, or Seck ‘ene practioner who es diferent method, othe ane he6 Max Glockmaa ic This hind of jokeyig fo potion a the visor seanee Ippon tocar ea be cute of he groups ec of eelpnet itched sc Tal ter cur these oars, fer The empha ome eine wich hove sed emege Te oti that ne sch igh {Glos ped byte sy on in toning wnted aod com Uouing © roide tiger, & thet to the wellbeing of some mumbo the gop, atest wich sed to wach of {leery on the pt of sot, ofiensems ob required 0 asl ‘epution- Ete the eirdre ad is close dependant are den (Sh or the lars and hr dependants move soy i Southent ‘Atle, Monica Wien bas repre this proces frm he Mondo ind how, and I have ootedsmeng the Za, Several andhop- {fits ave dered the pros in ober prt of At, emphsie IEitticcn i ae Saye ocean! Prfeor Shaper el ine thn srry wor thc ene eu of Tana wars ing imal under lll of such vison co which be has adequate itiqaaton, Elewhe the proportion of dvson elted 0 wiche aici higher. We on say thay in many Adan elt, before Sinan com act gut the igh valu et on manening unity be Tima ten aro eh and domonste aby, at though he {ues unity be and hi ve sflered ort threseed by aster {Stil by mlcceot ole gens and hey mere "Tis ements a the queen: why sold his kona to july sepaston be regued® Why nat toe ‘eho dow singly ove nay? We now thi nome cs Mob Scopes gun ele abou he Towanseere thee lee Roger asin gin ig {fners peopl gre amiaby to move of but sometines even WME LS rattan» mitonsoe ated to cece Ad uy he epricn “ur ple ly in se sais the tt poe of <évcepmene ingroup of kn oer to be permeated Sy ecru forces oftatng cer adanageoly or malin faces which mst pected trough dvton, Lage that one tes may bets te fog cant knw the fl imps ti own sual les. "Te Zaly and pnd, for tance, oe tomer minicimrs, bt they canto eco hat the ety They impos en thir women to be fut of een, pel? {ous more uty Elid, pode eens peste from Mora sitet: magi and scr slatins ” hose they dese. Were they to do, the cul no longer ach igh ale th sare ime bch om the eine of agai nity nd on the female fecundity which mt destoy that uni. "The ideslgy and vais ofthe Zels, the Mood and siniasly rgantaed ibs ar tho of tatonary son They donot apt {RE de of ral changes fn socal pate—ubich hve indeed trcured, Fores even anges Uae within th abled trl pater (hanger in he personel of ates! grope apd fn the icurbents of portcolor etablihed socal potions) end to anid with ial precaton:. "Thee stl precatom fender ‘Steam ipl nerierence withthe catch ace belived to pace the wellbeing of socket). For every change in em Srither be the Birth of chi «boy's or maidens growing 0 str, ora tanfr of land~tens to be rented 32 dunce nd bests he ous of» al in wich elated persons prtite ip performing scons which symbole thei ttre he ened ter rej These tus ave a sttong moc element them: {hey ste the moral crater of the eltondige berween the [enon conceoed." Tht moral element ie highly emphasized in ‘Ee apponch o mifortne. ors mifoune is regrdd 84 beak Jn he orderly couse of event 2 bresk which reo from 2 AEasurbnce inthe moral lationship ecween the sere ad hi [lowe The breach may be by either the victims or some con ‘ected with hi, or By am alleged wromgdeer!” ‘The moc die feibnc either proms fellow fo hrm wth wcrc, tr provokes ncaa pits or ter oat beige wend fore asked st fom out, we oe hati thee etsy statnsey ‘ores he mtu onder, the scl ore with #9 moa coe, ad fhe elt order permesto one another. Hence there ix cotiual ‘erro dviniton, citer to det te ocalt case which is enneced with procot masons orto meawue the pres of ‘rut frst whch wl infeence good and il foro in the ue, But thee tl inthe moe ape fort eas and frees do ‘ok apply mor stony to pote bres of mora Patt reaches €or cam be dest with aa eaighforesa atonal, scolar manner, for example by dicuion or by aration or by ical contain, Kee tht cerebro ignieat ‘hen ome major abigoy s present in scl if, My soggeion [Beha Za tellin the lnerent ci of femininity ca be tered (othe major conic revoling frm the eect of eal Eexundtyrf Max Gluckman on he structure of Zulu apna groups, In short, a eli ofthis Kind het be refered to 3 depsesed conic of acl rles, ot Painipls of organisation, or prcene of derlopment, abd ott {sgerfcal quarrlearoing out of divergent interest Dewees ne nd momen: The enene of these stint is tht the people con: Cerne are not aware of thes confess {have id ofthe Zl, ‘were they aware of the confit they cold no longer operate the ‘stem. The cxcle bist which e phrased to ses what are Spporenly common, rezsbleaorms and acy and which indeed fener the olcrance of morality, concals the confit and the ‘shrtaoy icin fact produces, Divination alee some alleged Slip from tmoaliy—be iin felng nly or an allegation that a ‘woman ht» highly sexed see ata famir—at he slleged cause ‘ok mislrtane which i elated to cuerved soil diiclis, even ‘hough the ae from te atau of waxy ill ‘We may nate Gat thse beliefs predicate that in tome stations amills eh eto the el motives of same elted pera ‘who compete with one for land or este. In 2 see, eer, there ea clement of paychologia ath in hem. For the evel ‘cl besenee, ben rexouces become nae, ponestion of xe of lund may make the diferece beeen hunger and sistcion, ‘erween ness and god belch, benwecn he and death. He who ‘covet thecal apd land to which Tsp, by implication wishes te to be hungry to be ill chen to die. Yet nvertbeles views ete, the bles exaggerate’ soto sal the responsibility oft pent individ for the harm sured by another. 4: Confit of moa principle “We ae ovr inigh ito the relation betwen cont of sci nips and te ocrence ofc bel and ital to Pox TA Foe (acw of Cb, emecy a memos (Cg) sod Evans Ptchrd in in Inedton tts of Scop ce dfrter Pebied Sytem! (pe), Mato thew eas posed the ct abso pale, aad he feprobtee chi and be lender Fort and’ Erie ‘eked pled oes pcan tachi ppty fora pole nit son ket van aod sti pope ‘Shnt to pchce god ope snd ptr fry of Bs pope Inte, Soces& ng ond ar dom fon Sn Sd [Mora cries: mic and secular slant » sofort Thee ae commana gs and they dre fa wets, ibs ppl and tau But nda men (okng the mens punt Ci seo) ge thei od rope an wate whic ny Wee a Smal ses feign nid ps of an od ty gt et {Shes rm inal come atd hr shen dee wren. Men may compte and wrggle ith others oner ths ltt {lind hs cows aad the wore Communal rede pen rere ofthe entry 2 wl de fy of Semen {nd fatter sins Oto india ppt aed andr Vidal plo nd nid women snd vel Sess, over 1 ot which thre say be pte "Thre rn one tee Srp Confit berween enc prosperity and idl preperi. Te poll sym ar rho prov te or ere wh en {hy pet ld and work Scr nd ed th aly sd may tries an eels come vested ith ct vcd ‘ich ike the potent cot ween communal wll bang and ‘elicing fr indigo Ths sauce exe ots Sd tec Since the ea was srance, several anthrone fl lowed ised. Nadel fond sng the Nope of othern Nigeria ele smise tthe ofthe Zales In Nae ie Cl whee ho [ia worcn, whe male wes dnd Ci li apne the female wishes Only ful witches ar ved to lb se ths ei ded require he mae ender eal en ay a ‘fc the fle suites the sitance of + mae. Nelo, the ei agin resin feminiiy. Ween econ to be ‘Selly sale. Nod eke stoner why. He Bde king Conte beeen te rer wich ely, men ugh pay ad ‘whit any nes ict ds Lys Nope wernen soul be pod wil ube oer sand, arg hin mony ces dad sapng a home tc fo them sd th fea say fret dof ees in ne ands of te women. They cathe ‘Ser tots sod ne ce cer hon ibn lend Ofc shod sopporing hi wy the ay ph ed sh sd fot ber ond ny lp hi Sos find he ge pao for ee rider Om ope ihre women who proper nding fetal van ale, whe toy 2d oe cng froting thmecer Some of then ae lege to poco she Slee king cden ho weld ieee withthe wading Shc Yt women no work ard tending soe wel= ‘Max Gluckman adhe lp hie ment, alesse ut hi isle Confit between vo Heal and hard ly, see Nadel, emerges {he ception by nen of wicheatt powcr tweens A Nope ‘ran timing 2 Idependen wading fe clos snr to Tine of 2 modem Englishwoman paring © cer, er cope hing spect of wishes Tiwould sd thatthe Nope have the sme srt of putinal lnege str the Zl and, with al pet sg that the poston of she tatvey ow women ty exit & onthe oe female frit, confict which is epcented in Nope elt stout womens ex vor Wi si ete ay cei re ah vices inom atng to exin why, tw tes ehh ited wis a edo te manele by wr lan, tnd inthe ether by greed for mer and mille The fs i, te Mondo of South As, ae organird inthe main on the ame tne the Zul. Men of pct Uneges ede doe tpt tod hove ine on oe asthe snd le sd sal postions ‘The eat together. They ae fridden wo have sex elonsips ve any woman ofr grate anand with she ume weren't to them in ter ways Heoce many wom ia 8 ‘Tesi are sexily ot a man. On tp ofthis ey re now rt of South Affi ok, wih a st lor ba and og, {egy puntinle condemnation of ts rons ewes fens diferent cour Wilbon agg tht thie sian leads {5 the bee te both ole and eal wiches are moved by Creme sea deste an squeamish te demand ‘fens ofthis Lino lca “The tier ike ht Win id war the Nyakgus of ‘Tanganyika, Theiergaizaion sso consi gaat nages ctbowe men fate righ in one anthers ete, Bat th men ‘hese lineages dono ede ogee. is forte here fort man tobe near is daghterinta Hence at boys of peighbouriood ‘Eau they move ou hates lags and el» eparte Sig Exh is ented rey mn he Sp. Here they bing tei wie, bt they en ara group of mem ‘ot eich man witht wie and chen, Gre vate paced Tie algun vig of gems on hpiy aod gad com amin yt the pte fre montana deed fom Ste wht se “onned” jayne by flow vlogs but by Mor erst: magia and vl slutions * ie inege sre of whe ma ae gern one sent ‘loge which ovn the nd he ilsge Cale ve cored lineage pris snd consed st guberng of lneage mae There fs cof brwen igus of fopesty to low spemes in oes vile andthe bligaions rons Uneage flows wa ‘thom ane hols etl, Wikon angst hci amagh the ‘yatta we beter of at repr fod suppl: than she Mond, {hry elie ht wither ee ed by ped for fod The bat oe fom cone berccn esecp of gna ligne sod embersip of ge ige ‘Al se scetes havea many eps then wel developed tchaloges Ye in compurion sth thir conte ovr he Iza fife slaty sight Drug, food cp pss ad ‘te eidemicsthresten comma selling fie eres they Have no say to Btn fak. Tir mille lcci lofi and tral mtly ates ene high and dnc ll man ofthe mo have vied epond ire, ie sig athe on ty te at ty sujet to teins fecal Powery which fle hei tnd il Torane Furhemere; Hitt tee power work oie ‘erony certains anno frp tos tes fps ‘trl eh rogh Svan, pening al by acl as 25s we hese csv doce te nmedie paso pond in the free Hot what we have to ctomie Ge Ea tat divination Is ot oncred ety to el» techn proen: beyond his the pele forthe Sin amoral be. ad wut he mus have ced sugges is tht chen ton ine {hol pete, sine ares dcop and caf in he fare of sory see The Nyshyons cones sol eer Catlsowning sgntehnsge or i edna geile He Saag pereny betwen the two My anja and Wins thor tat the pando feos wich ae meuved by eal ft se s0 many pers sound ter ae tly boy to es ‘ppemene each er Recent thy espn» free pt ‘Wien sinned oink tht Noda tricia wile oe sencre wth mor thn ne Nyse tel Ye seb fj on which moral cdc av tetas ach ty they ave soot foo, Crain thi is ming te lpn nd ht ‘ognae tbe I wag tat Nyatyun bits Gl pcy wi Individual moral inpes Bsus te cot ereen mbehpoe ‘Max Gluckman agenilage and meme of agai inege though inp Fee io te pope emt, On eer and, or Fgh te Mondo conf yond hie view ne ree fa IESQLMEtet or womes ay. Hensel ihe CEs nue apeat tote so Gel conned with india sei i dea ith incapable, bo wns, confi in wa morality "Gly ie is dsurbances do oinapable coi in sc sure ot prface the ses and ps isle chs or senso tna oxment of thn pmb The hana mid Fes athe eae of» pre sc of ths pe canot ‘Da wn cme ot pen, daly what wat ak. Di TE poids in veiw degre, eel singly woe, ‘Soho ding whore the mora fe es St why mont fore be amoral ult explain amisoune? To ante Os quson we many poms the tls of he Nya ‘yee a he er of ci ce em ee ak sm ke smn pytons wih cm be sen 0. Be hans at for man sd wis BY on her ot Oh Zh ed eh hat des Te hot of wither ought by defenders ofthe vilage—sesoe Fre eto ey wach and wees This “Badng mer ens om pence o singe pyion inthe omc och mile ow op mann in foe ay mere ene of bls ieee may edi ets ng ected by the pytons of wits oh ayy TEE? who sing posed by the yon of» ender “Phe Wet nd below [sll quote simlr elif fom oer ke) anes ht therein sss a simdarity betwee the 2 escort nd the powers of antewieherat T he wel hed how ape emale wits stacy while ale wis ‘El In mony inate een on SEeoa kn eal opt tgs 2 Beene, Here thi mee CEES The pole oppo facts fa man's we of hi len, rete fie of et cleats Thor tes ave pally of SadeTo‘sy euily hoy may Bm the pests flows Ia Meier eens and on in whch men ao aly pte LEED sik Whom hy compte o une this ambalece See tse mat marie Is exe tht 8 condemaed Many Wis ache thn's man sce Yo pb fice by il Bt Moral est: maga and secu solutions a has with sexy or witha. Yet a ma, tobe 3 man, shook fot be spn, Wot the golden ean of egimate eing feewcnpitsmes and ocewesning amon? Wht i the fBlden inn whch mkes'4 naman & good wife and ites {Eteen tevin of barennesr andthe vt of oereeding?—the Inte eset other women are are. Richards wecords ofthe Bemba ef Zambu thet to fd ne bec in the woods lack, {> and tno very good Tak, to find vei witchrae Tete is ‘ivan finds sewer erwen wndernekig nd erororting, scl bere that Hs bans croph ate to {fot he fs wed sorcery to wealth cops of fis egies! In Bruin, among university dens there isa mean beewecn ‘hcl abd omega hong inl worker Between og Nine bute ands dice; bor be who excede the mea, o ot fot tain i not acted of witcher “Under hie Alcan belief tne who ar oky a undoly produc net ar ht tey il be he geo scery ohare trom thir enews wight and proce sve Ly to be ‘red of nen wit bythe leaky oe pode The ‘ice are appropri to sce wich are tasialy egalitarian, ich hve tpl tol and no gre atin in prodostenen of Their member tnd whic peda spe consumer goods that thre ie vrata stands of Ing, Gen, hat they vc few peo ecpaton snd egret whic else tmen ay al tar ambos wit compeing with on babe, the universal eth problem of scieving lane, golden mean, tas an ate form. A mane in ats atthe expense of thse “Tol related ena woman beds many client the exene ahr women nly edt fr bt wo ae aren. Peery Asche poy athe co of oes es i. So ht every ene and acievenet highly ambolent 4 Bais in ache and ancestral wrath have ofr described Gn what was my fst Iecture how in soe til sets miortanes are cen at Ting frm beskdowns Inthe mil elation Between member of groups of Knoll. The ‘cutrence of mifortene i welerred tothe ei activity of 2 witch (ance In il bel ite reid that he eile i ely {0 sand in 4 parlor kind of scl latueship tothe sere.4 Max Gluckman Accusions of witht ot sorcery fl in certain pater in ‘ite ecbes and wcult ev docs ov bined ob animated by Spores inppropeie tote sod sence. An acuston « Baeapracr pro gly vo be ved or ality ome {Evimtory ov erclarappartor Onensly, th apparatus works ‘ota he cota ofthe cerers: fk extra and appear to be Shhised abogh the scud ebay lege shot ara been rope wed Ted fates how in sme agai rane sii hi win popes ron gn he le i flee att nnn no peste nherent nl pope Aiphone te ors of eco 1 ted to ‘eis bl othe able flees of wees iy. A {ay i laid amen maried fom ate ino 2 group of gre tat they bear soo to perptote and srengicn thi itu? groups But he eect he hh of sonst pode {peor foe te ied Ld, ctl, spot pons and felon of cach ginp Their competion profes ienson Teeth ten nee wich ine stents the amber the oops manbeehip. Thr ivnsin, and the breaking of of fotos fo win i may lead, ene a man wo ache the Indkpedete to which her ated ote seves thie aly inci wih te ig vcd goa tha esol recta united wih hn agate Ts gone ned ate hoe mal excloste; Tui tino sept int independence 2 man se ifegcny gets dviaty Sra hat he ad is dependants ov sues mrune whic shows that they ae being atacked ty cul cil Nfotne comes fot inaten fect eues tows ae Tis ewe aes owt vale of wy. Tangs ure ht ce he confit prs of rl se fom {ee tho sos teas tat wees bth arengten and weaken the grup mien hey dig he dry tobe eres Thi confce Mil lam he uy ldo ween come by the elie that hey withes moved by ial eel desis. Say problems cn be tated ath rom thse bles and from cei tell sung. hve somantated my salir on the moral cece op wht ga on ayo ‘Ercopnent ede» pliers of conicing ieee win SCH rena ef members the grap may at bese of IMereingpresure on andor icles in sbring out ote, or Mora ete: magi and scar sltions 5 desis for independence and orton of preg. sition i ‘feed whe pens a ind by diene Buc oul ly seged el scr and soles opprd cour fang th ERS a nl cist ‘The ston i well lsat ia Mion’ dy the Lagors Uganda, bach wth ancl pe spe noe inten wo dont reget thei Sisto bg fice moe ton chat Sd "a ng go a 194 Sebper® anald shu blunder swish if Snioerhave nor indignant apin anor rete Te puis acetal pre wuld ate mire tthe nine. The tenbr id nahin! he ndgnan tthe sure ork The sronged enor wa stints commana of eran REDE e's lead nthe al teoment nsenary for he Suferrtobe care Asn Laghrs ec hs bn set by Mido nthe full one fs suse groups development "The Lagrange eae, with al scoiy ping dow the geet brug the eat Son af ‘Shor nds of Scie progenitors with ach ene, Snnty ‘Pinte by conel ores ctu tnone which oferinge met te mods co cue how who have Ellen il new commonly {elved trot fom se legit ndgnatn f 2 senior ine tan oun hoe. The os of ded neers ae ae SEE ingest snd, those being apy ivaled end lew the wrongdoing juno, Tie sr nk oe of wt is happening vl Sie sss The ee a nes Serine though dation, Thrlre fir fal ie vldaton he venir shorty He the dination Sadetes ati hs Indian hich hs soned he shoe to gui the unor who 1s Bic eonfoom tthe arms of mrt. “When goo for gown nner ad eco ierntited inenly fr serene ics of denen cor man ina inno kine may toto sme ut tthe woe ndigstions ‘Supe Onl ey amen he pte Behan n Bay ‘Rented tC. . elgman, el EE, EranePrtcard, Re Pith, Br cinowsi god Shapers, Landon Routledge (250) FP. ser 6 Fie Ongeiaion rom Witkin: 2 Compare Sai of Socal “nian, aed on Sooshnspetic preach London: Tas Sock “Tuten. Ws Schon ond Cantina Avian Sciny. Manche: Mlnchncr Usienry Pres forthe RhoderLiinpone Isat Gs an Vn J The Palit of Kinship Sty in Scel Moiplation “among Me Leeie Tonga of Nuala, Manes: Monee Tay Pre for be Reinga tse (6 ‘wisn, raed By Fhe foay of Sev Chang, Cambie: Cam ig Univesity Pes (9) Wien St, Goad Compo Enodan: Onbrd University Pre forthe Trcraweel Aiveen fasinne Cosh qed fom US clin, Bowor: Bex Pre (263 reba svi sea, American oul of Sec. 56 (50) ep 78 wate Rapin Sy Mak, nd Walon, EM, Keidummahork ard Styles Sool mre, Permaarg: Ste ‘Shee 98 2 Legal fiablty and evolutionary interpretation: some aspects of strict liability, self-help and collective responsibilty Say F Moore 1. Inodution: ome sherk ofthe short! pot ‘Wen Evans Prichied deserted he Nuria the ares group itn which legal slgaon Je acknowledged’ he wos sng 2: nef his rina citeria for the deiniton of 2 poll unit the potent resousion of putes within it The implitins of th ormulto, that law Ht be understood ia seciopaieal Framework, go fr beyand the operation of aceplaloes sce, “Thin paper wl have lok at some evlutoanry conceptions of the em of Tegal development in the light of thi idea. There are ‘igniicane dienes in he sil and pla role of gal pes In cen types of svete, though ote would ever pow it fom ‘he content of mot legal esltonary scheme. shall eget sme ‘okthesedifetene "Theor ae spprent when one examines ach modes of loa ing and enforcing el reams sst inbl seltelp and Colne rerpnsbty. Step, purulary when i ales the ‘list of ees ia obs cate, and collie esponsiy, Ithich by definition nvr» scl aggregate pica lear Taras othe cit pois context in whic legl cline tions maybe stand enforced. Sst Ubiy, usually dels with by jr in terme of 2 presumed primitive legal daegsrd of ‘ave and intention, Hao, a Ghckoan fas ged, more com Pobenible i analyed in tem of 3 socal seting” All three Err abl, eelp. apd aleve espansiiiy—are often Chovgie of as eipecally characerige of “pomie’ legal systems. ‘Ye dme instants and forms of al trex appear nthe egal systems comple sce nd all re ape im quite varied forms pein scets eis wal co evie some ofthe scholarly contexts in which dee saeco desing with espana hive bee treated 8 pimiie