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Nguyen Ly Lam Viec Cua May Tinh Dien Tu
Nguyen Ly Lam Viec Cua May Tinh Dien Tu
3.1. B x l
(CPU - Central Processing Unit )
CPU c chc nng iu khin my tnh v x l thng tin theo chng trnh
c lu tr trong b nh. CPU gm cc thnh phn:
ng h (clock) to cc
xung in p chnh xc, u
n sinh ra cc tn hiu c
bn iu ch thng tin v
ng b ho cc thnh phn
khc ca my tnh.
Khi s hc v logic (ALU: arithmetic and logic unit) l khi chc nng thc hin
cc php ton c s ca my nh cc php ton s hc, cc php ton logic, php
to m v.v. ALU bao gm nhng mch chc nng thc hin cc php ton .
Khi iu khin (CU: control unit) l khi chc nng iu khin s hot ng ca
MTT theo chng trnh nh sn.
Php tnh cn thc hin. Trong lnh my n cho bng mt s bit gi l m php
tnh.
Cc thnh phn a ch
Thc hin lnh. Pht tn hiu iu khin cho mch chc nng ca ALU thc hin
php ton m m lnh xc nh. Sau quay li chu k c lnh vi ni dung mi
ca PC. Ch rng nu lnh thc hin l lnh iu khin th giai on thc hin
ny s t a ch lnh s thc hin tip theo vo PC.
Nh vy thc hin mt lnh ni chung phi c/ghi b nh nhiu ln.
C hai phng php t chc iu khin:
Phng php iu khin vi chng trnh. Mi lnh c thc hin thng qua cc
lnh s cp hn gi l cc vi lnh. Khi ngi ta ch phi thit k phn cng
mc vi lnh. V d, php c mt byte trong b nh c th ly lm mt vi lnh.
Nh vy, mt php tnh c th thc hin bng cch thi hnh mt dy vi lnh gi l
vi chng trnh. Do , khi thay i lnh ch cn thay i vi chng trnh tng
ng m khng cn thay i cu trc vt l ca MTT.
Cc CPU ngy nay khng thc hin lnh theo kiu tun t nh trn m thng
thc hin song song nhiu qu trnh. Thng tin np t b nh c th l c mt khi ln
mt khi thanh ghi. Mt s CPU c c c ch x l thng minh d on cc khi
chng trnh hay d liu sp dng n ti trc ln thanh ghi. Trong khi ang thc
hin lnh th nht th mt thnh phn khc gii m lnh th hai v mt thnh phn khc
ti lnh th 3 ln thanh ghi. Cch thc x l ny gi l pipeline. Nh phng thc ny
m nhiu b x l c th thc hin nhiu lnh ng thi.
thng qua a ch. Nh vy, vic truy cp ti d liu l gin tip thng qua a ch ca n
trong b nh. Nguyn l ny m bo tnh mm do trong x l thng tin. Ngi lp
trnh c th vit yu cu mt cch tng qut theo v tr cc i tng nm u m
khng cn bit gi tr c th ca chng.