CHAPTER 36

PERMANENT MAGNETS
1.

m = 10 A-m,

2.

m
10 7 10
10 2
4
B= 0 2 =
=
= 4 10 Tesla
2 2
25
4 r
5 10
m1 =m2 = 10 A-m
r = 2 cm = 0.02 m
we know

d = 5 cm = 0.05 m

Force exerted by tow magnetic poles on each other =

3.
4.

0 m1m 2
4 10 7 10 2
2
=
= 2.5 10 N
4
4 r 2
4 4 10

dv
3
3
dv = B d = 0.2 10 0.5 = 0.1 10 T-m
d
Since the sigh is ve therefore potential decreases.
Here
dx = 10 sin 30 cm = 5 cm

B=

dV
0.1 10 4 T m
=B=
dx
5 10 2 m

5.

Since B is perpendicular to equipotential surface.

4
Here it is at angle 120 with (+ve) x-axis and B = 2 10 T
4
B = 2 10 T
d = 10 cm = 0.1 m
(a) if the point at end-on postion.

0.1104 T-m

10 2M
0 2M
4
2 10 =
4 d3
(10 1 )3

B=

2 10

10

= M M = 1 Am
10 2
(b) If the point is at broad-on position

6.

0.210

T-m

30
0.410

T-m

In cm

0 M
10 7 M
4
2
2 10 =
M = 2 Am
3
4 d
(10 1 )3
Given :
2
2 tan = 2 2 = tan
tan
tan = 2 cot
= cot
2
tan
We know
= tan
2
Comparing we get, tan = cot
or, tan = tan(90 )
or = 90
or + = 90
Hence magnetic field due to the dipole is r to the magnetic axis.
Magnetic field at the broad side on position :

M
2 = 8 cm
d = 3 cm
B= 0
4 d2 2 3 / 2

= tan

7.

30
4

0.3104 T-m

4 10
m=

10 7 m 8 10 2

9 10

16 10

4 10 6 125 10 8
8 10 9

4 3 / 2

4 10

= 62.5 10

A-m

36.1

10 9 m 8

10

4 3 / 2

25 3 / 2

Permanent Magnets
8.

We know for a magnetic dipole with its north pointing the north, the neutral point in the broadside on
position.
N

0M
Again B in this case =
4d3
M
0 3 = BH due to earth
P
4d

d3

= 18 T

10 7 1.44

6
S
= 18 10
d3
3
3
d = 8 10
1
d = 2 10 m = 20 cm
In the plane bisecting the dipole.
When the magnet is such that its North faces the geographic south of earth. The neutral point lies along
the axial line of the magnet.

9.

10 7 1.44

7
0 2M
6
10 7 2 0.72 = 18 106 d3 = 2 0.7 10
=
18

10

4 d3
18 10 - 6
d3

8 10 9
d=
10 6

1/ 3

= 2 10

m = 20 cm

N2

10. Magnetic moment = 0.72 2 A-m = M

M
B= 0 3
BH = 18 T
4 d

4 10 7 0.72 2
4 d
3

d =

tan

= 18 10

0.72 1.414 10 7
6

= 0.005656

18 10
d 0.2 m = 20 cm
11. The geomagnetic pole is at the end on position of the earth.
B=

0 2M
10 7 2 8 10 22
6
=
60 10 T = 60 T
3
4 d
(6400 10 3 )3

BH

BM

N
1

BH

N1

5
12. B = 3.4 10 T
M
5
Given 0 3 = 3.4 10
4 R
M=

3.4 10 5 R 3 4
7

= 3.4 10 R

4 10

2M
5
B at Poles = 0 3 = = 6.8 10 T
4 R
13. (dip) = 60
BH = B cos 60
6
B = 52 10 = 52 T

3
= 44.98 T 45 T
2
14. If 1 and 2 be the apparent dips shown by the dip circle in the 2r positions, the true dip is given by
2
2
2
Cot = Cot 1 + Cot 2
2
2
2
Cot = Cot 45 + Cot 53
2
Cot = 1.56 = 38.6 39
6

BV = B sin = 52 10

36.2

Permanent Magnets
15. We know

BH =

Give : BH = 3.6 10
2
i = 10 mA = 10 A
n=?

0in
2r
= 45
tan = 1
r = 10 cm = 0.1 m

BH tan 2r
3.6 10 5 2 1 10 1
3
=
= 0.5732 10 573 turns
0i
4 10 7 10 2
4
2
16. n = 50
A = 2 cm 2 cm = 2 2 10 m
3
i = 20 10 A
B = 0.5 T

3
4
4
= ni A B = niAB Sin 90 = 50 20 10 4 10 0.5 = 2 10 N-M
n=

17. Given = 37
We know

d = 10 cm = 0.1 m

M
4 ( d2 2 ) 2
4 d4
=
tan =

tan [As the magnet is short]

BH
0
2d
0 2d

(0.1)3
3
7
4
3
2 1
tan 37 = 0.5 0.75 1 10 10 = 0.375 10 = 3.75 10 A-m T
2

4 10
M
3
2 1
18.
(found in the previous problem) = 3.75 10 A-m T
BH
= 37,
d=?
M
4 2
=
(d 2 )3 / 2 tan
BH
0
<< d
neglecting w.r.t.d
M
1
4 3
3

=
d Tan 3.75 103 =
d 0.75
7
BH
0
10

3.75 10 3 10 7
4
= 5 10
0.75
d = 0.079 m = 7.9 cm
M
2
19. Given
= 40 A-m /T
BH
3

d =

Since the magnet is short can be neglected

So,

M
4 d3
=

= 40
BH 0
2

40 4 10 7 2
6
= 8 10
4
2
d = 2 10 m = 2 cm
with the northpole pointing towards south.
20. According to oscillation magnetometer,
3

d =

T = 2

MBH

1.2 10 4

= 2
10
M 30 10 6
2

1.2 10 4
1

=
M 30 10 6
20
M=

1.2 10 4 400
30 10

= 16 10 A-m = 1600 A-m

36.3

Permanent Magnets

1 mB H

2
For like poles tied together
M = M 1 M2
For unlike poles M = M1 + M2

21. We know : =

1
=
2

M M2
M M2
M1 M2
10
= 1
25 = 1
M1 M2
M1 M2
M1 M2
2

2M1
M
26
13
=
1 =
24
2M2
M2
12
6

T1 = 0.1

T
6

B = BH Bwire = 2.4 10

24 10 6

MBH

23. T = 2

B
BH

0 .1
14
0.01 14
2
=

T2 =
T2 = 0.076
24
24
T2
Here = 2

1
min
40

T1
=
T2

o i
2 10 7 18
6
6
6
= 24 10
= (24 10) 10 = 14 10
2 r
0 .2

T1
=
T2

14 10 6

0 .1
=
T2

T1 =

MBH

T = 2

22. BH = 24 10

T2 = ?

1
=
40T2

1
1
1
1
2

=
T2 =
T2 = 0.03536 min
2
2
800
1600 T2 2

For 1 oscillation Time taken = 0.03536 min.

For 40 Oscillation Time = 4 0.03536 = 1.414 =
24. 1 = 40 oscillations/minute
BH = 25 T
2
m of second magnet = 1.6 A-m
d = 20 cm = 0.2 m
(a) For north facing north

1 MBH B

1 =

1 MBH

B=

0 m
10 7 1.6

= 20 T
4 d3
8 10 3

1
=
2

2 =

40
B

=
BH B
2

40
25
2 =
= 17.88 18 osci/min
5
5

(b) For north pole facing south

1 MBH

1
=
2

2 =

40
B

=
BH B
2

2 min

1 MBH B

25
2 =
45

40
25

45

= 53.66 54 osci/min

36.4