2

.1311-50

109

1.3
1.4
2 (1)

(2)

1

1.3 ()

2
( I W )
0.75 ( 2-2 2.2)
(return period) 50
1-2
I W 0.75
10-15
2

1.3() ()
1
2

110

.1311-50

 ()

:
( )

()

.1311-50

111

 2

2.2

.2.1

2.3
.

50
0.75
15-20
1.6 1.0
500

112

.1311-50



.. 2532
.. 2505 .. 2516
.. 2513 ( 2532)

15-20





50 ( V50 ) ( TF )

73

(
1/2549)




Atkinson (1971)


.1311-50

113

( 2532)
(Plante and Guard 1990)
2
1.

2.





Mikitiuk
(1995)
1000
6
1.
5
1 10 (Simui Scanlan
1986)
2. 1
(dispersion parameter, )
(location parameter, )

114

.1311-50

Probability Weighted Moment (Palutikof 1999)

2.5 4.0

3. 50
50
50
50
.2.2 V50 29
V50 27
V50 27
V50 25
4.
500
4 .2.2
( )
30 ( V30 = V30 + )
( ) 50 ( V50 ) 500
( V500 ) ( FW )
1
)]
30
1
V50 = ln [ ln (1 ) ]
50
1
V500 = ln [ ln (1
)]
500
FW 0.5 (V50 ) 2 = 0.5 (V500 ) 2

= V30 + ln [ ln (1

V
FW = 500

V50

.1311-50

115

V30

V50

V500

FW

3.4
3.2
2.8
2.5

26.8
25.3
23.5
22.6

15.3
14.6
14.0
14.2

28.6
26.9
24.9
23.9

36.4
34.2
31.4
29.6

1.62
1.61
1.60
1.53

1.6
5.
Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Plante and Guard 1990)
1 10
100 ( 51.4 )
80 90

1 51.4
1 51.4/1.25 = 41.1
37.5
Mikituik (1995)

1
( 41.1 ) 2
2

1
1
1.15 1.6 (TF 25) 2 = (41.1) 2
2
2
TF = 1.21

1.2

100
80 90
116

.1311-50

 1.2 50

90
1.08
6. V50 .2.2
TF 2

V50

TF

29
27
27
25
25
25

1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.08
1.2

V = V50

V = TF V50

(2550 )
(2550)

( 2-1)

( 2-1)

.1311-50

117

.
1 10
50

t 1 10
.2.3 (Durst 1990)


1
t ASCE7-05 (ASCE 2005)
3 .2.3 V3 / V3600 = 1.52
25 ./ ASCE7-05
25 1.52 = 38 ./
.

N (VN )
50 (V50 )

V N = FV50

F =
.2-1

2.4 (C )
e

A B
.2.4 .2.5
C .2.6 .2.7

118

.1311-50

 .2.1

.1311-50

119

30
3.

30

28

1.
4.

28
26

10.
9.

5.
7.

2.

6.

14.
13.

22

26

8.

21.

11.

24

28

26

22.

24.

16.

12.

17.

19.

26.
28.

20.

15.
37.

33.

55.

34.
36.

45 47.

44

43

50

48
49
51 52

31.

35.

32.

39.
38.
41.

22

27.

30.

29.

18.
40.

42.

25.

23.

24 26

46.

28

53

57. 24
54.
56.

24

24
58.
67.

25
61.

68.

60.59.

26

25

62.
70.
69.

71.

72.
63.

24

73. 64.

26

65.
66.

.2.2 50 ()
120

.1311-50

 .2.3 t 1
.2-1
N ()

.F .

5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
100
200
500
1,000

0.73
0.81
0.86
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.26
1.34

.1311-50

121

 .2.4 A

.2.5 B

122

.1311-50

 .2.6 C
50 4

.2.7 C
B

.1311-50

123

 (2-5) (2-6)

40 60

25 .1
B

B 80 25

2.6
.

( 2550 )
4
45:45:45 . (1:1:1) 45:45:90 . (1:1:2)
30:45:180 .(1:1.5: 6) 45:30:180 (1:2/3:4)
0.8
ASCE 7-05 (ASCE 2005) NBCC (NBCC 2005)

-0.24 -0.5

124

.1311-50

.)

.)

.)

.)

.2.8 45 45 90

25 / B
(./.2)

.1311-50

125

 45 45 90

.2.8 25 /
B (./.2) ( 2550 , )
.
ASCE
7-05 (ASCE 2005) AS/NZS1170.2:2002 (AS 2002)
(Aerodynamics) Drag Coefficient

ASCE7-02 (ASCE 2002) Flachbart .. 1930 (Simiu and Scanlan 1996)

ASCE7-05 AS/NZS1170.2: 2002 Letchford
..1994-2001 (Letchford 2001, Letchford and Holmes 1994)

(AIT) (Sinthuwong 2004, Poemsantitham
2005, 2546, 2548, Warnitchai and Sinthuwong 2006)


Letchford (Letchford 2001,
Letchford and Holmes 1994)

() :
(1) (Pressure)
(Shear Force)

126

.1311-50

(2) Drag Force

( .11(
)) -45 +45 ( = 0 ) Drag
Force +45 -45
(3) (Pressure)
Drag Force

(Non-Uniform Pressure Distribution) Drag Force
(Torsion)
(4) (Torsion) +45 -45
20% (e < 0.2b)
= 0 Drag Force 2

( )
= 0
(.11(3)) = 45
(.11(4)) ()
2
Drag Force 2
C pa .2
Drag Coefficient
() Letchford (Letchford 2001, Letchford and Holmes
1994) (Sinthuwong 2004, Poemsantitham 2005,
2546, 2548, Warnitchai and Sinthuwong 2006)
Cg 2.35
(Quasi-Static)
30 1 Hz
.1311-50

127

3.5
.
(random)

(1)
(2) (quasi-static) (3)
(resonant)
2 3

(gust effect factor)
(Davenport 1967)

(turbulence)

(random
vibration)
128

.1311-50

 ( y max ) ( )
(root-mean-square, RMS) ( )
(T )
y max = + g p

(.3-1)

(
(fluctuation) ) T = 3600
1 g p 3.5 4.0
(3-9)
Gaussian (Davenport 1964)
gp

(C g )

Cg =

y max

= 1+ g p

(.3-2)

power spectrum density ( y )

( (3-5))
K
sF

=
(B +
)
CeH

(.3-3)

(
)
.1311-50

129

 (variance)
(dynamic magnification
factor)

130

aerodynamic admittance
1.0

aerodynamic admittance function

aerodynamic admittance function

(quasi-static) (background) B .3-3 (
(3-5))
(resonant) sF .3-3
( (3-5))

.1311-50

 K CeH

National Building Code .. 2005 (NBCC2005) American Society of Civil Engineers 7 ..
2005 (ASCE 2005) Architectural Institute of Japan .. 2004
(AIJ 2004) Australian/New Zealand Standard
.. 2002 (AS/NZS 2002)

(Zhou 2000)


National
Building Code .. 2005 (NBCC-2005)

.
(natural frequency)
(damping ratio) (vibration mode shape)

50 20
210 5 54 ( 2548)
.1311-50

131




()

( ASCE 7-05 AS/NZS 2002
1 Hz.
)

44 H H
(n D )
(nW )
(nT ) 55 H

0.005 0.015

ASCE 7-05
132

.1311-50


100
1.1 1.4
100
(Satake 2003)
150
1.33

.1311-50

133

4.1

(Kareem 1985)

Architectural Institute of Japan .. 2004 (AIJ 2004)
Australian/New Zealand Standard .. 2002
(AS/NZS 2002) Gu Quan (2004) Zhou (2003)

Architectural Institute of Japan .. 2004 (AIJ 2004)

gust loading factor
Kareem and Zhou (2003)
M ( )
M g
M
p M

(.4-1)

M g p
M RMS (
) power spectrum density

134

.1311-50

 2
RMS C (
)
F (n) (
)
square root of the sum of the
square (SRSS)

C F (n)

High-Frequency-Force-Balance (HFFB)

RMS
( C L CT )
D W
( FL FT )

WD V H

4.2


(turbulence)

H WD 6 D W 0.2 5


.1311-50

135

 4 vortex-induced
vibration (aerodynamic instability)

VH
n w WD

10

4.4
()

4.5

M 1 M 2 2

(correlation coefficient, )
136

.1311-50


.4.1
M 2 M 2 max

1 .0

1 .0

M 1 M 1max

1 .0

1 .0

.4.1 2 0 1.0
0 (
) 1.0 ( -)
Melbourne (1975) AIJ (2004)


0 1.0




.
40 40

0.4 0.6

C g

.1311-50

137

5.1
5.2
( )

.5-1 (ASCE 1999)
.5-1

( Local Pressure)




( .5.1 .

5.2)

(Area and Overall Wind Loads )

( .5.1)

138

.1311-50

High-Frequency Force Balance

(resonance)

spectra
(resonance)
High-Frequency Force Balance

Sectional Model Test

(aerodynamic

derivatives) aero
( .5.3)
-elastic
(Aeroelastic Model)




(motion-dependent or aeroelastic forces)
( .5.4)

(active) (passive)

.1311-50

139

 (Pedestrian Wind)

(Air Quality)

(Terrain and Topogra-

phic Test)

flow visualization, hot-

wire anemometry 2

140

.1311-50

 .5.1
(Davenport et al. 1978)

.1311-50

141

.
.5.2 (Boonyapinyo et al. 2006)
142

.1311-50

.
.5.3 Sectional model (
2550)
.1311-50

143

 .5.4

144

.1311-50


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145

13. Gu M. and Quan Y. (2004), Across-wind loads on typical tall buildings, Journal of Wind
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Interactive database, J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, Vol. 129 (3), pp. 394-404.
33. (2548),
,
34. , (2550),

,
12, , STR-098
35. , (2548)
16
2
.1311-50

147

36. , , (2550),
,
12, , STR-097
37. (2532), , 551.166.401-2532 .
38. ... (2546), E.I.T.1018-46 - ,

39. (2550),
/ , 1,


40. , , , ,
, , (2550 ),
1

6 (.. 2527)

41. , , , ,
, , (2550 ),
3

6 (.. 2527)

42. , , , , ,
, (2550 ),
,
12, , STR-075
43. (2549), 1, 4-8.
44. (2546),
,

148

.1311-50